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Metabolism and Accumulation of Sugars Translocated to Fruit and Their Regulation
J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci. 79 (1): 1–15. 2010. Available online at www.jstage.jst.go.jp/browse/jjshs1 JSHS © 2010 Review Metabolism and Accumulation of Sugars Translocated to Fruit and Their Regulation Shohei Yamaki Collage of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan Photoassimilates needed for fruit development are supplied from leaves, converted in fruit to substances relating to the specific quality of the fruit, then accumulate in the fruit. There are various regulation steps in the process from photoassimilate synthesis in leaves to sugar accumulation in fruit: photosynthesis, synthesis of translocation sugars, loading of translocation sugars, their translocation, their unloading, their membrane transport, their metabolic conversion, and compartmentation in vacuoles. Thus, it is important to clarify the mechanism and regulation of each step in fruit development. In this review, mainly the metabolic conversion of translocation sugars and their regulation at the genetic level in fruit are described because the metabolic conversion in fruit contributes greatly to produce the sink activity needed for fruit development. Key Words: fruit, sink activity, sorbitol, sucrose, sugar metabolism. out from phloem tissue. 6. Membrane transport: Sugars Introduction unloaded apoplastically are taken up in cells by a Photoassimilate in fruit depends mainly on supply transporter on the plasma membrane. 7. Metabolic from leaves, but some fruits in their early stages of conversion: Translocation sugars unloaded in fruit by development can supply it by their own photosynthesis. the symplasmic or apoplastic pathway are converted to Fruit is a heterotrophic organ. However, specific various substances; first, invertase and sucrose synthase substances in some fruits are generated in the fruit by metabolize sucrose, sorbitol dehydrogenase metabolizes themselves from photoassimilates etc., and can sorbitol, and then sucrose phosphate synthase synthe- accumulate in fruit. -
WINTER Warmers the PERFECT WINTER RECIPE COLLECTION
WINTER Warmers THE PERFECT WINTER RECIPE COLLECTION What better time to chow down on hearty, soul-warming comfort food than winter? This Winter Warmers cookbook is the best collection of winter recipes around. It has soups, stews, casseroles and many more recipes to help get you through the winter blues with a satisfied stomach. TABLE OF CONTENTS Randall’s White Bean and Turkey Chili ..........................................................................................................................2 Slow Cooker White Beans with Smoked Turkey .............................................................................................................3 Great Northern Beans and Ham with Cornbread ...........................................................................................................3 Tortilla Soup with Chicken and Beans .............................................................................................................................4 Green Chili Pork Stew with Pinto Beans .........................................................................................................................5 Pinto Bean Chili Casserole ...............................................................................................................................................6 Spicy Shrimp and Corn White Bean Chowder .................................................................................................................7 Corned Beef and Bean Soup ...........................................................................................................................................8 -
It's a (Two-)Culture Thing: the Laterial Shift to Liberation
Animal Issues, Vol 4, No. 1, 2000 It's a (Two-)Culture Thing: The Lateral Shift to Liberation Barry Kew rom an acute and, some will argue, a harsh, a harsh, fantastic or even tactically naive F naive perspective, this article examines examines animal liberation, vegetarianism vegetarianism and veganism in relation to a bloodless culture ideal. It suggests that the movement's repeated anomalies, denial of heritage, privileging of vegetarianism, and other concessions to bloody culture, restrict rather than liberate the full subversionary and revelatory potential of liberationist discourse, and with representation and strategy implications. ‘Only the profoundest cultural needs … initially caused adult man [sic] to continue to drink cow milk through life’.1 In The Social Construction of Nature, Klaus Eder develops a useful concept of two cultures - the bloody and the bloodless. He understands the ambivalence of modernity and the relationship to nature as resulting from the perpetuation of a precarious equilibrium between the ‘bloodless’ tradition from within Judaism and the ‘bloody’ tradition of ancient Greece. In Genesis, killing entered the world after the fall from grace and initiated a complex and hierarchically-patterned system of food taboos regulating distance between nature and culture. But, for Eder, it is in Israel that the reverse process also begins, in the taboo on killing. This ‘civilizing’ process replaces the prevalent ancient world practice of 1 Calvin. W. Schwabe, ‘Animals in the Ancient World’ in Aubrey Manning and James Serpell, (eds), Animals and Human Society: Changing Perspectives (Routledge, London, 1994), p.54. 1 Animal Issues, Vol 4, No. 1, 2000 human sacrifice by animal sacrifice, this by sacrifices of the field, and these by money paid to the sacrificial priests.2 Modern society retains only a very broken connection to the Jewish tradition of the bloodless sacrifice. -
Basic Beanery
344 appendix Basic Beanery name(s) origin & CharaCteristiCs soaking & Cooking Adzuki Himalayan native, now grown Soaked, Conventional Stovetop: 40 (aduki, azuki, red Cowpea, throughout Asia. Especially loved in minutes. unSoaked, Conventional Stovetop: red oriental) Japan. Small, nearly round red bean 1¼ hours. Soaked, pressure Cooker: 5–7 with a thread of white along part of minutes. unSoaked, pressure Cooker: the seam. Slightly sweet, starchy. 15–20 minutes. Lower in oligosaccharides. Anasazi New World native (present-day Soak? Yes. Conventional Stovetop: 2–2¹⁄² (Cave bean and new mexiCo junction of Arizona, New Mexico, hours. pressure Cooker: 15–18 minutes appaloosa—though it Colorado, Utah). White speckled with at full pressure; let pressure release isn’t one) burgundy to rust-brown. Slightly gradually. Slow-Cooker: 1¹⁄² hours on sweet, a little mealy. Lower in high, then 6 hours on low. oligosaccharides. Appaloosa New World native. Slightly elongated, Soak? Yes. Conventional Stovetop: 2–2¹⁄² (dapple gray, curved, one end white, the other end hours. pressure Cooker: 15–18 minutes; gray nightfall) mottled with black and brown. Holds let pressure release gradually. Slow- its shape well; slightly herbaceous- Cooker: 1¹⁄² hours on high, then 6–7 piney in flavor, a little mealy. Lower in hours on low. oligosaccharides. Black-eyed pea West African native, now grown and Soak? Optional. Soaked, Conventional (blaCk-eyes, lobia, loved worldwide. An ivory-white Stovetop: 20–30 minutes. unSoaked, Chawali) cowpea with a black “eye” across Conventional Stovetop: 45–55 minutes. the indentation. Distinctive ashy, Soaked, pressure Cooker: 5–7 minutes. mineral-y taste, starchy texture. unSoaked, pressure Cooker: 9–11 minutes. -
Moroccan Harira Soup
Recipe Category / Soups Moroccan Harira soup 10' 45' 4-6 1 Ηands on Cook Time Portion(s) Difficulty Ingredients 1 tablespoon(s) olive oil 1 onion, finely chopped 1 tablespoon(s) ginger, fresh, peeled and sliced 2 clove(s) of garlic, chopped 1 tablespoon(s) tomato paste 3 tablespoon(s) red lentils 4 carrots, medium, finely chopped salt 1 teaspoon(s) cumin 1/2 teaspoon(s) paprika, sweet 1/2 teaspoon(s) 5-spices mix pepper, black 2 pinches saffron 250 ml vegetable stock 1 bunch chervil parsley, some leaves lemon juice, of 2 lemons 400 g chickpeas, boiled Method Διατροφικός πίνακας Photo credit: G. Drakopoulos - Food Styling: T. Webb Heat some olive oil in a pot over medium heat. Nutrition information per portion Add the onion, stirring continuously until they soften, start to caramelize but does not turn golden. 161 0.7 18.0 Add the ginger. Let them cook together for a few minutes. Calories 5.1 Saturated Total Carbs Add the garlic and sauté for just 1 minute more because the garlic can burn easily. (kcal) Total Fat (g) Fat (g) (g) Add the tomato paste and sauté for 1 minute. Add the lentils and carrots and mix to combine everything. Season with salt and pepper. 8 % 7 % 4 % 7 % Add the cumin, paprika, oriental spice mix, black pepper and saffron. Mix thoroughly and let it simmer for a few minutes. Add the stock. There should be enough liquid to cover the vegetables. Cover the pot and allow the food to simmer for 20 minutes. 5.4 7.3 5.6 0.68 While the soup is cooking, finely chop the chervil and parsley. -
Daniel Fast Overview
Daniel Fast Overview The Daniel Fast is a spiritual discipline designed to better connect us with God. As members of The River Church, we'll be starting January 1 and are challenging people to fast for either 7, 14, or 21 days. We are using this time to deepen our relationship with God and center ourselves around what God is going to do in our church and in our lives during this time. Who: The entire River Church staff will be participating in the fast and we encourage The River Church family to participate as God leads and directs each person and family. When: Friday, January 1: Begin the “Daniel Fast”. Friday, January 22: Break the Fast! (21-day participants) You may choose to do a shorter fast of 7 or 14 days as well, but we encourage you to take the challenge for the full 21 days! What: The Daniel Fast is a partial fast, which means that we will eliminate some common things from our daily diet, but will have generous options available. We will focus on eating fruits and vegetables that are pure and simple. We have included a list of foods to eat and foods to avoid. *If you have any known medical conditions or suspect such conditions, consult your doctor before beginning the fast. How: There are multiple online resources available on the Daniel Fast. One thing you’ll notice is that there are many ways to do the fast. This is, in part, due to the lack of clarity in the Bible as to exactly what Daniel did during his fast. -
Daiya Better-Nutrition 9 1 16.Pdf
Q&A with Olympic medalist APOLO OHNO /// EAT CLeaN: 7 easy steps to follow THE SHOPPING MAGAZINE FOR NATURAL LIVING SEPTEMBEr 2016 | betternutrition.com HeaLTHY 6FOOD TRENDS +A food lover’s guide to natural products Oh Honey! Discover what makes Manuka honey so special KITCHEN CURES High blood Use what you pressure? Beets have to heal may be your best medicine an array of (Yes, beets!), ailments, P. 30 p. 63 GLUTEN-FREE LUNCH BOX IDEAS FOR KIDS QUIZ: WHAT IS YOUR EXERCISE IQ? P. 84 BEST-KEPT SECRETS TO A LONG LIFE Q&A with Olympic medalist APOLO OHNO /// EAT CLeaN: 7 easy steps to follow THE SHOPPING MAGAZINE FOR NATURAL LIVING SEPTEMBEr 2016 | betternutrition.com kitchen medicine Use what you have to heal an array HOW TO GET IN of ailments! ON THE MANUKA HONEY CRAZE A CURE FOR HIGH BLOOD Manuka’s many uses: cuts, PRESSURE? sore throats, cold sores, & more, p. 26 Healthy ❻Food Trends + A food lover’s guide QUIZ: to natural products WHAT IS YOUR EXERCISE BEST-KEPT SECRETS TO A LONG LIFE IQ? P. 84 HEALTHY FOOD TRENDS 6 culinary crazes to embrace now BY VERA TWEED ow more than ever, food choices have become a way to advocate for the type of world we want to live in. NSustainability and social responsibility drive many food companies to create products that are not only healthy, but that also protect and enhance the land and people who grow and produce food—with non-GMO, organic, and Fair Trade practices, as well as humane treatment of animals, at the top of the list. -
Diet Therapy and Phenylketonuria 395
61370_CH25_369_376.qxd 4/14/09 10:45 AM Page 376 376 PART IV DIET THERAPY AND CHILDHOOD DISEASES Mistkovitz, P., & Betancourt, M. (2005). The Doctor’s Seraphin, P. (2002). Mortality in patients with celiac dis- Guide to Gastrointestinal Health Preventing and ease. Nutrition Reviews, 60: 116–118. Treating Acid Reflux, Ulcers, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Shils, M. E., & Shike, M. (Eds.). (2006). Modern Nutrition Diverticulitis, Celiac Disease, Colon Cancer, Pancrea- in Health and Disease (10th ed.). Philadelphia: titis, Cirrhosis, Hernias and More. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins. Nevin-Folino, N. L. (Ed.). (2003). Pediatric Manual of Clin- Stepniak, D. (2006). Enzymatic gluten detoxification: ical Dietetics. Chicago: American Dietetic Association. The proof of the pudding is in the eating. Trends in Niewinski, M. M. (2008). Advances in celiac disease and Biotechnology, 24: 433–434. gluten-free diet. Journal of American Dietetic Storsrud, S. (2003). Beneficial effects of oats in the Association, 108: 661–672. gluten-free diet of adults with special reference to nu- Paasche, C. L., Gorrill, L., & Stroon, B. (2004). Children trient status, symptoms and subjective experiences. with Special Needs in Early Childhood Settings: British Journal of Nutrition, 90: 101–107. Identification, Intervention, Inclusion. Clifton Park: Sverker, A. (2005). ‘Controlled by food’: Lived experiences NY: Thomson/Delmar. of celiac disease. Journal of Human Nutrition and Patrias, K., Willard, C. C., & Hamilton, F. A. (2004). Celiac Dietetics, 18: 171–180. Disease January 1986 to March 2004, 2382 citations. Sverker, A. (2007). Sharing life with a gluten-intolerant Bethesda, MD: United States National Library of person: The perspective of close relatives. -
Nutrition Tips Low Phosphorus Dairy Options
Nutrition Tips Low phosphorus dairy options High-Phosphorus Dairy Phosphorus is especially high in milk and foods made from milk, but there are many lower phos- Cocoa (1 cup) (instant mix) phorus foods that make nice alternatives. It can 270 be tricky to know if you are making a good Cheese: Cheddar, Swiss, 1 oz 130-300 choice, since phosphorus doesn’t have to be on Cottage cheese (1 cup) the nutrition label. 340 Reading Labels Milk, 2%, chocolate, whole (1 cup) 250 Keep checking labels, even if you find a favorite Yogurt, fruit flavored (1 cup) brand, ingredients in a product can change. 270 Look for Look for the letters phos in ingredients like tricalcium phosphate, phosphoric, Low-Phosphorus Choices monocalcium phosphate or tripolyphosphate. Cream cheese (1 ounce) 30 When Non Dairy isn’t low phosphorus Some non dairy milks have calcium and phospho- Mozzarella, Feta, Goat, Blue , Brie, 1 oz 100 rus added to them. Look for words on the label Parmesan cheese, (2 tablespoons) 70 like “enriched” or “now with extra calcium”. If the Sherbet, sorbet, ices (1/2 cup) percent daily phosphorus on the label is more than 300%, then it has as much phosphorus as 40 regular milk and is not a great deal for your phos- Sour cream (2 tablespoons) phorus budget. 20 Where’s the cheese? Mocha Mix (1 cup) Soy cheese and almond cheese are not much 140 lower in phosphorus than regular cheese, and Rice, soy, almond milk (1 cup) 100 they often have lots of added salt. It’s best to Check the dairy substitutes you will try: 2 cup milk substitute = 1 phosphorus serving Use non-dairy creamer like Mocha Mix, or milk substitutes like soymilk, rice milk, or almond milk on cereals and in coffee, creamed soups, puddings and other recipes that call for milk. -
Disaggregating the Scare from the Greens
DISAGGREGATING THE SCARE FROM THE GREENS Lee Hall*† INTRODUCTION When the Vermont Law Review graciously asked me to contribute to this Symposium focusing on the tension between national security and fundamental values, specifically for a segment on ecological and animal- related activism as “the threat of unpopular ideas,” it seemed apt to ask a basic question about the title: Why should we come to think of reverence for life or serious concern for the Earth that sustains us as “unpopular ideas”? What we really appear to be saying is that the methods used, condoned, or promoted by certain people are unpopular. So before we proceed further, intimidation should be disaggregated from respect for the environment and its living inhabitants. Two recent and high-profile law-enforcement initiatives have viewed environmental and animal-advocacy groups as threats in the United States. These initiatives are the Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty (SHAC) prosecution and Operation Backfire. The former prosecution targeted SHAC—a campaign to close one animal-testing firm—and referred also to the underground Animal Liberation Front (ALF).1 The latter prosecution *. Legal director of Friends of Animals, an international animal-rights organization founded in 1957. †. Lee Hall, who can be reached at [email protected], thanks Lydia Fiedler, the Vermont Law School, and Friends of Animals for making it possible to participate in the 2008 Symposium and prepare this Article for publication. 1. See Indictment at 14–16, United States v. Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty USA, Inc., No. 3:04-cr-00373-AET-2 (D.N.J. May 27, 2004), available at http://www.usdoj.gov/usao/nj/press/files/ pdffiles/shacind.pdf (last visited Apr. -
Yum Week! Your Plant Based Week at a Glance
YUM WEEK! YOUR PLANT BASED WEEK AT A GLANCE Breakfast Lunch Dinner DAY Yogurt Parfait Daiya Santa Fe Creamy Macaroni and Cheeze 1 Burrito Cheezy Vegan Leftover Creamy Bualo Cauliflower Pizza DAY Breakfast Sandwich Mac n Cheeze 2 Daiya Fiesta Vegetable Wrap Balsamic Berry Vegan DAY Breakfast Burrito Grilled Cheeze 3 Cheezy Vegan Daiya Santiago Baked Bualo DAY Breakfast Sandwich Burrito Cheezy Mac 4 Daiya Homestyle Leftover Bualo Bacon Avocado DAY Breakfast Burrito Cheezy Mac Casserole 5 Cheezy Vegan Vegetable Wrap or Black Bean Enchiladas DAY Breakfast Sandwich Leftover Casserole 6 Breakfast Layered Garden Salad Daiya Frozen Pizza DAY Style Hash w/ Cheeze Stick 7 ADD TO CART FOR QUICK AND EASY PLANTBASED MEALS BREAKFAST BREAKFAST Yogurt Parfait PREP 5 TOTAL 5 SERVES 1 INGREDIENTS 1 container of Daiya Yogurt Alternative Fruit of choice Nut Butter (optional) Granola of choice BREAKFAST Cheezy Vegan Breakfast Sandwich PREP 30 COOK 20 TOTAL 50 SERVES 4 INGREDIENTS LET’S MAKE IT 1 Package Daiya Cheddar Style Slices Press tofu between paper towels or cloth for 1 Block Tofu, (Cut into 4 slices) 30 minutes to remove excess moisture. 1/2 tsp turmeric 1 avocado, (Sliced) Preheat oven to 400 degrees. 1 Handful fresh spinach 4 Gluten-free bagels, (or English Mun) Combine salt, turmeric, nutritional yeast, black pepper 3-4 tsp extra virgin olive oil, (split between the tofu and a bit of water. and tempeh skillets) salt, (to taste) Coat tofu slices to mixture and let sit for about black pepper, (to taste) 2-3 minutes before baking. nutritional yeast, (to taste) Bake tofu for about 20 minutes. -
Our Cuisine on the Go Is Evolutionary and Aims to Recall The
OUR SHARING PLATES ! TO TAKE AWAY ! Ham plate, frutti del cappero OLI D’OC BONGRAN la Jabugueña (70g) 6,5 — Certified Agriculture Black Olive Tapenade (90g) 6 Our cheese selection 7 Round white rice, red rice Extra Virgin Olive Oil (25 cl) 10 or brown rice 8 Artichoke bruschetta, black olives Taggiasche & rocket 8 Extra Virgin Olive Oil Picholine (25 cl) 10 LA GUINELLE Bonitto En Escabèche bruschetta — Artisanal vinegar from Banyuls & piquillos peppers 8 Extra Virgin Olive Oil Lucques (25 cl) 10 Banyuls white or red (25cl) 12 Iberico ham bruschetta, goats cheese, Camargue honey & grated almonds 4,5 Banyuls infused with safran (25cl) 15 RUCHER DU MAS Riesling noble grape VILLEVIEILLE OUR STARTERS 98 de Binner (25cl) 15 — Cot Jean-Claude Apiculteur BIO Eggs « mimo-wasa » (for 2) 6,5 Rosé de Zaza du Casot Camargue Honey (125g) 5 Soupe of the Day (250 ml) 5 des Mailloles (50cl) 15 MENU — SUNDAY UNTIL MONDAY MENU — SUNDAY LE SAUNIER DE CAMARGUE OUR MAINS — Camargue salt BIOMOMO HASHIMOTO Our cuisine on the go — Artisan pâtissier (gastronomie White Camargue rice, carrots, roasted Farigoulette : thyme bio franco-japonaise) is evolutionary and aims to pumpkin, almonds & curcuma 13 & bay leaf (250g) 6,5 recall the Mediterranean 3 chocs : caramelised almonds Camargue white rice, octopus Ajillo, Senteurs : fennel coated with chocolate, crispy (80g) 9 flavours of the South of orange, fennel, raisins & carrots 15 & rosemary (250g) 6,5 3 secs : almonds, ginger, France. It favorises local raisins (100g) 13 fresh produce and gro- OUR DESSERTS LOS PEPERETES — Artisanal preserves Cherry jam and ceries as well as artisanal Chocolate cream with & rose de Grasse (115g) 10 cans available in our shop.