This Is Working
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This Is Not Working Stopping sexual harassment in workplaces across our region Foreword 4 The scale of the problem 5 Introduction: Abuse isn’t in anyone’s job description 6 What is sexual harassment in the workplace 9 What drives sexual harassment in the workplace 10 Preventing and responding to sexual harassment in the workplace 12 It’s not ok, anywhere, anytime 15 Women we’re helping 16 A worldwide response 18 Show your support 21 Statement from CARE International 22 © CARE Australia 2018. All rights reserved. CARE Australia is a member of the CARE International confederation, an international development organisation fighting global poverty, with a special focus on working with women and girls to bring sustainable change to their communities. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of CARE International or any other participating organisations. Report prepared by Roslyn Dundas, with Olivia Zinzan and Sara Denby, and designed by Jorja Currington. With thanks to Sally Moyle, Howard Ralley, Sue Finucane and the CARE confederation. © Josh Estey/CARE THIS IS NOT WORKING THIS IS NOT WORKING Foreword The scale of the problem Globally, 600 million women are living in countries where domestic At CARE Australia, we know from our work in communities 1 around the world that poor women living in or near poverty violence is not against the law . are even more vulnerable to abuse. They are working in some of the most exploitative and under-paid sectors of 50% of the world’s working women are in vulnerable employment, the economy with little protection by the law. often unprotected by labour legislation2. The #MeToo movement has put sexual harassment on the global agenda but CARE’s research shows how little this form of abuse is understood. Let’s be clear - sexual harassment, wherever it occurs, and to whomever it happens, makes us all poorer. It embeds unequal United Kingdom: Australia: power relations in our workplaces, and then none More than half of women say they have been sexually 1 in 4 women and 1 in 6 men report being of us are as productive or as safe and secure as harassed at work and most (79%) admit to not reporting it3. sexually harassed in the workplace9. As you look around your Australian workplace, consider we have a right to be. this: at least one in four women, and in some cases probably More can be done by employers both here and overseas as high as one in two, has been sexually harassed while to tackle the problem. Through CARE’s work in garment Egypt: Ecuador: at work. Men too have been subjected to unwanted and factories, tea plantations and beer gardens in some of the uninvited sexual behaviour while trying to earn a living. most impoverished communities around the world, we help 62% of men think it’s sometimes or always acceptable for Women in rural areas work on average Gender-based violence remains one of the most tolerated women claim decent work conditions, greater equality and an employer to ask or expect an employee to have intimate 23 hours longer per week than men do10. violations of workers’ human rights. Yet we know abuse respect. We support workers to understand their rights, interactions with them, a family member or friend4. isn’t in anyone’s job description. This is not working. and engage with their employers to ensure clear policies are put into practice. Everyone, everywhere has the right to work free from sexual Asia: harassment and the fear of sexual violence. It’s down to all Addressing the prevalence of workplace sexual Singapore: 80% of women are employed in vulnerable of us to be part of the fight to stop workplace harassment. harassment and abuse requires stronger laws and better Sexual harassment has been experienced jobs without labour law protections11. We cannot be complacent bystanders and expect our accountability. It’s sad to say it, but basic decency needs by 54% of workers5. workplace cultures to change themselves. to be enshrined in law. For decades, governments and workplaces around the world The #MeToo momentum has brought us here. Now have developed laws and policies aimed at stamping out Vietnam: is the time to harness it, and make workplaces safe USA: gender-based violence. Australia’s Sex Discrimination Act and respectful for all. 45% of women say they would not feel comfortable commenced in 1984 and for over 30 years has made it clear: One third of young women (18-34) say they telling a colleague their behaviour is a form of sexual harassment is against the law. However, it remains have been sexually harassed at work6. sexual harassment12. a serious and under-reported problem in our workplaces, causing considerable personal and economic costs. No workplace is immune. In the aid sector, non-government Kenya: India: agencies have been committed to ensuring that our work and values are deeply in sync. 90% of women working in the cut flower industry More than one third of men (39%) say it is sometimes or say sexual harassment is the most difficult problem always acceptable to wolf-whistle or catcall a colleague13. For too long, abusers, harassers and bullies have been in their workplaces7. getting away with it. Sexual harassment at work and in Sally Moyle, our communities is still too common a reality, but it does Chief Executive, CARE Australia not have to be in the future. April 2018 South Africa: 77% of women experience sexual harassment at some point in their career8. If you have experienced sexual harassment in the workplace, or you have observed sexual harassment and want to do something about it, the Australian Human Rights Commission can investigate and resolve complaints of discrimination, harassment and bullying. Visit www.humanrights.gov.au for more information. If you, a child, or another person is in immediate danger of assault call 000 For sexual assault, domestic and family violence counselling services call 1800 RESPECT (1800 737 732) for 24/7 phone services or visit www.1800respect.org.au Front cover image: © LoveFrankie/CARE 4 5 THIS IS NOT WORKING Introduction Abuse isn’t in anyone’s job description Why do we work? For many, the need for a wage keeps us returning to workplaces – providing labour, skills, and know-how in return for income and other benefits. Our work can influence how we engage with the community, learn new skills, and develop our sense of self. For many labour is how we are measured – how often have you met someone new, and the first question asked is “so what do you do?” Women work at desks, in hospitals, shops, beer gardens, Given the ongoing global prevalence of sexual harassment farms, factories and construction sites. And no one goes in the workplace, it is clear efforts to prevent these to work to be subjected to sexual harassment or violence. violations are not working. In many cases the only Yet in Australia, one in two women and 25% of all men approach women have available to escape violence have experienced sexual harassment in their lifetime14, in the workplace is to leave. When your family relies and at least one in four women and one in six men report on your income to survive, this isn’t realistic. being sexually harassed in the workplace15. Within the Asia region that number is as high as 80%16. This is not working. “ Sometimes, of course I think Sexual violence and harassment is about not going to work a prominent aspect of workers’ lives anymore because of this – particularly women workers – around [sexual harassment]. But the world, and sexual harassment is then I think about my family the most reported form17. condition and I know Globally, 40-50% of women experience unwanted I cannot quit.” sexual advances, physical contact or other forms of 21 sexual harassment at work. Women are over-represented - Female garment factory worker, Cambodia . in precarious, low-income and informal work where the mechanisms to prevent violence and exploitation are often absent. In South Asia, over 80% of women The approach to dealing with violence and harassment in non-agricultural jobs are in informal employment, in the world of work at both an international and domestic and in sub-Saharan Africa it’s 74%. Women are level is often fragmented and limited in scope. So CARE far more likely to be in vulnerable employment18. In our International is urging governments around the world to region (South-East Asia and the Pacific) over half of support the International Labour Organization (ILO) to employed women are in vulnerable employment19. In many create a convention against workplace sexual harassment. rural areas across the globe women work in small-scale This would push countries, employers, and trade unions farming, usually informal and often unpaid. The most and other worker representatives to place greater priority recent UN Commission on the Status of Women noted on recognising, tackling and remedying violence and women and girls living in rural and remote areas can harassment at work. Australia can take the lead and help be particularly vulnerable to violence due to poverty, shape this new ILO Convention that could make a huge alongside limited access to justice and health services20. difference to ending violence against women at work. © LoveFrankie/CARE© 6 THIS IS NOT WORKING What is sexual harassment in the workplace? The Australian law is clear on what constitutes sexual harassment in the workplace: any unwelcome sexual behaviour, where a reasonable person would have anticipated the possibility the person being harassed would be offended, humiliated or intimidated. In January 2018, CARE International commissioned a Australia’s Sex Discrimination Act defines sexual survey, conducted online by The Harris Poll, of 9,408 harassment as any unwelcome sexual advance, adults across eight countries spanning six continents22.