Refinement of the Crystal Structure of Rutherfordine
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Paulscherrerite from the Number 2 Workings, Mount Painter Inlier, Northern Flinders Ranges, South Australia: “Dehydrated Schoepite” Is a Mineral After All
American Mineralogist, Volume 96, pages 229–240, 2011 Paulscherrerite from the Number 2 Workings, Mount Painter Inlier, Northern Flinders Ranges, South Australia: “Dehydrated schoepite” is a mineral after all JOËL BRUGGER,1,2,* NICOLAS MEISSER,3 BAR B ARA ETSCH M A nn ,1 STEFA N AN SER M ET ,3 A N D ALLA N PRI N G 2 1Tectonics, Resources and Exploration (TRaX), School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, SA-5005 Adelaide, Australia 2Division of Mineralogy, South Australian Museum, SA-5000 Adelaide, Australia 3Musée Géologique and Laboratoire des Rayons-X, Institut de Minéralogie et de Géochimie, UNIL—Anthropole, CH-1015 Lausanne-Dorigny, Switzerland AB STRACT Paulscherrerite, UO2(OH)2, occurs as an abundant dehydration product of metaschoepite at the Number 2 Workings at Radium Ridge, Northern Flinders Ranges, South Australia. The mineral name honors the contribution of Swiss physicist Paul Scherrer (1890–1969) to mineralogy and nuclear physics. Individual paulscherrerite crystals are tabular, reaching a maximum of 500 nm in length. Paulscherrerite has a canary yellow color and displays no fluorescence under UV light. Chemically, paulscherrerite is a pure uranyl hydroxide/hydrate, containing only traces of other metals (<1 wt% in total). Bulk (mg) samples always contain admixtures of metaschoepite (purest samples have ~80 wt% paulscherrerite). A thermogravimetric analysis corrected for the presence of metaschoepite contamina- tion leads to the empirical formula UO3·1.02H2O, and the simplified structural formula UO2(OH)2. Powder diffraction shows that the crystal structure of paulscherrerite is closely related to that of synthetic orthorhombic α-UO2(OH)2. However, splitting of some X-ray diffraction lines suggests a monoclinic symmetry for type paulscherrerite, with a = 4.288(2), b = 10.270(6), c = 6.885(5) Å, β = 3 90.39(4)°, V = 303.2(2) Å , Z = 4, and possible space groups P2, P21, P2/m, or P21/m. -
Mineral Processing
Mineral Processing Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy 1st English edition JAN DRZYMALA, C. Eng., Ph.D., D.Sc. Member of the Polish Mineral Processing Society Wroclaw University of Technology 2007 Translation: J. Drzymala, A. Swatek Reviewer: A. Luszczkiewicz Published as supplied by the author ©Copyright by Jan Drzymala, Wroclaw 2007 Computer typesetting: Danuta Szyszka Cover design: Danuta Szyszka Cover photo: Sebastian Bożek Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27 50-370 Wroclaw Any part of this publication can be used in any form by any means provided that the usage is acknowledged by the citation: Drzymala, J., Mineral Processing, Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy, Oficyna Wydawnicza PWr., 2007, www.ig.pwr.wroc.pl/minproc ISBN 978-83-7493-362-9 Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................9 Part I Introduction to mineral processing .....................................................................13 1. From the Big Bang to mineral processing................................................................14 1.1. The formation of matter ...................................................................................14 1.2. Elementary particles.........................................................................................16 1.3. Molecules .........................................................................................................18 1.4. Solids................................................................................................................19 -
List of New Mineral Names: with an Index of Authors
415 A (fifth) list of new mineral names: with an index of authors. 1 By L. J. S~v.scs~, M.A., F.G.S. Assistant in the ~Iineral Department of the,Brltish Museum. [Communicated June 7, 1910.] Aglaurito. R. Handmann, 1907. Zeita. Min. Geol. Stuttgart, col. i, p. 78. Orthoc]ase-felspar with a fine blue reflection forming a constituent of quartz-porphyry (Aglauritporphyr) from Teplitz, Bohemia. Named from ~,Xavpo~ ---- ~Xa&, bright. Alaito. K. A. ~Yenadkevi~, 1909. BuU. Acad. Sci. Saint-P6tersbourg, ser. 6, col. iii, p. 185 (A~am~s). Hydrate~l vanadic oxide, V205. H~O, forming blood=red, mossy growths with silky lustre. Founi] with turanite (q. v.) in thct neighbourhood of the Alai Mountains, Russian Central Asia. Alamosite. C. Palaehe and H. E. Merwin, 1909. Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 4, col. xxvii, p. 899; Zeits. Kryst. Min., col. xlvi, p. 518. Lead recta-silicate, PbSiOs, occurring as snow-white, radially fibrous masses. Crystals are monoclinic, though apparently not isom0rphous with wol]astonite. From Alamos, Sonora, Mexico. Prepared artificially by S. Hilpert and P. Weiller, Ber. Deutsch. Chem. Ges., 1909, col. xlii, p. 2969. Aloisiite. L. Colomba, 1908. Rend. B. Accad. Lincei, Roma, set. 5, col. xvii, sere. 2, p. 233. A hydrated sub-silicate of calcium, ferrous iron, magnesium, sodium, and hydrogen, (R pp, R',), SiO,, occurring in an amorphous condition, intimately mixed with oalcinm carbonate, in a palagonite-tuff at Fort Portal, Uganda. Named in honour of H.R.H. Prince Luigi Amedeo of Savoy, Duke of Abruzzi. Aloisius or Aloysius is a Latin form of Luigi or I~ewis. -
Uraninite Alteration in an Oxidizing Environment and Its Relevance to the Disposal of Spent Nuclear Fuel
TECHNICAL REPORT 91-15 Uraninite alteration in an oxidizing environment and its relevance to the disposal of spent nuclear fuel Robert Finch, Rodney Ewing Department of Geology, University of New Mexico December 1990 SVENSK KÄRNBRÄNSLEHANTERING AB SWEDISH NUCLEAR FUEL AND WASTE MANAGEMENT CO BOX 5864 S-102 48 STOCKHOLM TEL 08-665 28 00 TELEX 13108 SKB S TELEFAX 08-661 57 19 original contains color illustrations URANINITE ALTERATION IN AN OXIDIZING ENVIRONMENT AND ITS RELEVANCE TO THE DISPOSAL OF SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL Robert Finch, Rodney Ewing Department of Geology, University of New Mexico December 1990 This report concerns a study which was conducted for SKB. The conclusions and viewpoints presented in the report are those of the author (s) and do not necessarily coincide with those of the client. Information on SKB technical reports from 1977-1978 (TR 121), 1979 (TR 79-28), 1980 (TR 80-26), 1981 (TR 81-17), 1982 (TR 82-28), 1983 (TR 83-77), 1984 (TR 85-01), 1985 (TR 85-20), 1986 (TR 86-31), 1987 (TR 87-33), 1988 (TR 88-32) and 1989 (TR 89-40) is available through SKB. URANINITE ALTERATION IN AN OXIDIZING ENVIRONMENT AND ITS RELEVANCE TO THE DISPOSAL OF SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL Robert Finch Rodney Ewing Department of Geology University of New Mexico Submitted to Svensk Kämbränslehantering AB (SKB) December 21,1990 ABSTRACT Uraninite is a natural analogue for spent nuclear fuel because of similarities in structure (both are fluorite structure types) and chemistry (both are nominally UOJ. Effective assessment of the long-term behavior of spent fuel in a geologic repository requires a knowledge of the corrosion products produced in that environment. -
Studtite UO4 • 4H2O C 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, Version 1
Studtite UO4 • 4H2O c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Monoclinic, pseudohexagonal. Point Group: 2/m, m, or 2. Needlelike crystals, elongated along [001], to 1 mm, in radial fibrous aggregates and crusts. Physical Properties: Tenacity: Flexible. Hardness = Soft. D(meas.) = 3.58 (synthetic). D(calc.) = 3.64 Radioactive. Optical Properties: Translucent to transparent. Color: Yellow to pale yellow; nearly colorless in transmitted light. Luster: Vitreous. Optical Class: Biaxial (+). Orientation: Z = elongation. α = 1.537–1.551 β = 1.555–1.686 γ = 1.680–1.690 2V(meas.) = Small. Cell Data: Space Group: C2/m, Cm, or C2. a = 11.85(2) b = 6.80(1) c = 4.25(1) β =93◦51(20)0 Z=2 X-ray Powder Pattern: Menzenschwand, Germany. 5.93 (10), 3.40 (8), 2.96 (6), 2.23 (6), 2.02 (5), 1.970 (5b), 4.27 (4) Chemistry: Qualitative microchemical and electron microprobe analyses typically show major U with traces of Pb, H2O, CO3 attributed to impurities. Characterization of naturally-occurring material thus rests on equivalence of the X-ray pattern and optical properties with the synthetic compound, and chemical behavior as a peroxide. Occurrence: A very rare mineral in the oxidized zone of some uranium-bearing mineral deposits. Association: Uranophane, rutherfordine, lepersonnite (Shinkolobwe, Congo); billietite, uranophane, rutherfordine, barite, quartz, hematite, “limonite” (Menzenschwand, Germany); tengchongite, calcurmolite, kivuite (Tengchong Co., China). Distribution: From Shinkolobwe, Katanga Province, Congo (Shaba Province, Zaire). At Menzenschwand, Black Forest, Germany. From Mitterberg, Salzburg, Austria. In France, at Davignac, Corr`eze,and from the Mas-d’Alary uranium deposit, three km south-southeast of Lod`eve, H´erault.In Tengchong Co., and at Tongbiguan village, Yingjiang Co., Yunnan Province, China. -
An Overview of the Type Mineralogy of Africa Florias Mees Geology
An overview of the type mineralogy of Africa Florias Mees Geology Department, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren Summary Out of the ca. 5500 valid mineral species that are currently known, about 400 have been initially described for localities in Africa. The first new mineral descriptions for this continent date from the late 18th century, but significant numbers have only been reached from the early 20th century onward. Up to now, the largest numbers of new species have been described for Namibia, the DR Congo, and South Africa, with a considerable lead over all other countries. In this overview of the type mineralogy of Africa, regional variations and the history of new mineral descriptions are covered, combined with a discussion of some general aspects of mineral species validity and mineral nomenclature, based on examples from Africa. Samenvatting – Een overzicht van de type mineralogie van Afrika Van de ca. 5500 geldige mineraalsoorten die momenteel gekend zijn, werden er ongeveer 400 voor het eerst beschreven voor vindplaatsen in Afrika. De eerste beschrijvingen van nieuwe mineralen voor dit continent dateren van het einde van de 18e eeuw, maar significante aantallen werden pas bereikt vanaf het begin van de 20e eeuw. Tot op heden werden de grootste aantallen nieuwe soorten beschreven voor Namibië, de DR Congo, en Zuid-Afrika, met aanzienlijke voorsprong op alle andere landen. In dit overzicht van de type mineralogie van Afrika worden regionale verschillen en de geschiedenis van de beschrijving van nieuwe mineralen overlopen, samen met een bespreking van enkele algemene aspecten van de geldigheid van mineraalsoorten en van de naamgeving van mineralen, aan de hand van voorbeelden uit Afrika. -
A Raman Spectroscopic Study of the Uranyl Mineral Rutherfordine – Revisited
QUT Digital Repository: http://eprints.qut.edu.au/ Frost, Ray L. and Cejka, Jiri (2009) A Raman spectroscopic study of the uranyl mineral rutherfordine – revisited. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 40(9). pp. 1096-1103. © Copyright 2009 John Wiley and Sons 1 A Raman spectroscopic study of the uranyl mineral rutherfordine – revisited 2 3 Ray L. Frost 1 and Jiří Čejka 1,2 4 5 1 Inorganic Materials Research Program, School of Physical and Chemical 6 Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane 7 Queensland 4001, Australia. 8 9 2 National Museum, Václavské náměstí 68, CZ-115 79 Praha 1, Czech Republic. 10 11 The molecular structure of the uranyl mineral rutherfordine has been 12 investigated by the measurement of the NIR and Raman spectra and 13 complemented with infrared spectra including their interpretation. The 14 spectra of the rutherfordine show the presence of both water and 15 hydroxyl units in the structure as evidenced by IR bands at 3562 and 3465 -1 -1 16 cm (OH) and 3343, 3185 and 2980 cm (H2O). Raman spectra show the 17 presence of four sharp bands at 3511, 3460, 3329 and 3151 cm-1. 18 Corresponding molecular water bending vibrations were only observed in 19 both Raman and infrared spectra of one of two studied rutherfordine 20 samples. The second rutherfordine sample studied contained only 21 hydroxyl ions in the equatorial uranyl plane and did not contain any 2- 22 molecular water. The infrared spectra of the (CO3) units in the 23 antisymmetric stretching region show complexity with three sets of 24 carbonate bands observed. -
Periodic DFT Study of the Structure, Raman Spectrum and Mechanical
Periodic DFT Study of the Structure, Raman Spectrum and Mechanical Properties of Schoepite Mineral Francisco Colmeneroa*, Joaquín Cobosb and Vicente Timóna aInstituto de Estructura de la Materia (IEM-CSIC). C/ Serrano, 113. 28006 – Madrid, Spain. bCentro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT). Avda/ Complutense, 40. 28040 – Madrid, Spain. Orcid Francisco Colmenero: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3418-0735 Orcid Joaquín Cobos: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0285-7617 Orcid Vicente Timón: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7460-7572 *E-mail: [email protected] 1 ABSTRACT The structure and Raman spectrum of schoepite mineral, [(UO2)8O2(OH)12] · 12 H2O, was studied by means of theoretical calculations. The computations were carried out by using Density Functional Theory with plane waves and pseudopotentials. A norm-conserving pseudopotential specific for the uranium atom developed in a previous work was employed. Since it was not possible to locate hydrogen atoms directly from X-ray diffraction data by structure refinement in the previous experimental studies, all the positions of the hydrogen atoms in the full unit cell were determined theoretically. The structural results, including the lattice parameters, bond lengths, bond angles and X-ray powder pattern were found in good agreement with their experimental counterparts. However, the calculations performed using the unit cell designed by Ostanin and Zeller in 2007, involving half of the atoms of the full unit cell, leads to significant errors in the computed X-ray powder pattern. Furthermore, Ostanin and Zeller’s unit cell contains hydronium ions, + H3O , that are incompatible with the experimental information. Therefore, while the use of this schoepite model may be a very useful approximation requiring a much smaller amount of computational effort, the full unit cell should be used to study this mineral accurately. -
Thn Auertcan M Rlueralocrsr
THn AUERTcANM rluERALocrsr JOURNAL OF TIIE MINDRALOGICAL SOCIETY OF ANIERICA vbl.41 JULY-AUGUST, 1956 Nos. 7 and 8 MTNERAL COMPOSTTTON OF G'UMMTTE*f Crrllonl FnoNonr, H artard Llniaersity,Cambrid,ge, M ass., and. U. S. GeologicalSurwy, Washington, D.C. ABSTRACT The name gummite has been wideiy used for more than 100 years as a generic term to designate fine-grained yellow to orange-red alteration products of uraninite whose true identity is unknown. A study of about 100 specimens of gummite from world-wide localities has been made by r-ray, optical, and chemical methods. rt proved possible to identify almost all of the specimens with already known uranium minerals. Gummite typicalty occurs as an alteration product of uraninite crystals in pegmatite. Such specimensshow a characteristic sequenceof alteration products: (1) A central core of black or brownish-black uraninite. (2) A surrounding zone, yellow to orange-red, composed chiefly of hydrated lead uranyl oxides. This zone constitutes the traditional gummite. It is principally composed of fourmarierite, vandendriesscheite and two unidentified phases (Mineral -4 and Mineral c). Less common constituents are clarkeite, becquerelite, curite, and schoepite. (3) An outer silicate zone. This usually is dense with a greenish-yellow color and is composed of uranophane or beta-uranophane; it is sometimes soft and earthy with a straw-yellow to pale-brown color and is then usually composed of kasolite or an unidenti- fied phase (Minerat B). Soddyite and sklodowskite occur rarely. There are minor variations in the above general sequence. rt some specimens the core may be orange-red gummite without residual uraninite or the original uraninite crystal may be wholly converted to silicates. -
Identification and Occurrence of Uranium and Vanadium Minerals from the Colorado Plateaus
SpColl £2' 1 Energy I TEl 334 Identification and Occurrence of Uranium and Vanadium Minerals from the Colorado Plateaus ~ By A. D. Weeks and M. E. Thompson ~ I"\ ~ ~ Trace Elements Investigations Report 334 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY IN REPLY REFER TO: UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WASHINGTON 25, D. C. AUG 12 1953 Dr. PhilUp L. Merritt, Assistant Director Division of Ra1'r Materials U. S. AtoTILic Energy Commission. P. 0. Box 30, Ansonia Station New· York 23, Nei< York Dear Phil~ Transmitted herewith are six copies oi' TEI-334, "Identification and occurrence oi' uranium and vanadium minerals i'rom the Colorado Plateaus," by A , D. Weeks and M. E. Thompson, April 1953 • We are asking !41'. Hosted to approve our plan to publish this re:por t as a C.i.rcular .. Sincerely yours, Ak~f777.~ W. H. ~radley Chief' Geologist UNCLASSIFIED Geology and Mineralogy This document consists or 69 pages. Series A. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY IDENTIFICATION AND OCCURRENCE OF URANIUM AND VANADIUM MINERALS FROM TEE COLORADO PLATEAUS* By A• D. Weeks and M. E. Thompson April 1953 Trace Elements Investigations Report 334 This preliminary report is distributed without editorial and technical review for conformity with ofricial standards and nomenclature. It is not for public inspection or guotation. *This report concerns work done on behalf of the Division of Raw Materials of the u. s. Atomic Energy Commission 2 USGS GEOLOGY AllU MINEFALOGY Distribution (Series A) No. of copies American Cyanamid Company, Winchester 1 Argulllle National La:boratory ., ., ....... -
SIMPLE URANIUM OXIDES, HYDROXIDES U4+ + U6+, SIMPLE and COMPLEX URANYL HYDROXIDES in ORES Andrey A
New Data on Minerals. 2011. Vol. 46 71 SIMPLE URANIUM OXIDES, HYDROXIDES U4+ + U6+, SIMPLE AND COMPLEX URANYL HYDROXIDES IN ORES Andrey A. Chernikov Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, [email protected], [email protected] The review of published and new own data of simple uranium oxides revealed that the formation of five simple oxides is probable: nasturan, sooty pitchblende, uraninite, uranothorianite, and cerianite. Among simple oxides, nasturan, sooty pitchblende, and uraninite are the most abundant in ores varied in genesis and mineralogy. Uranothorianite or thorium uraninite (aldanite) is occasional in the ores, while cerianite is believed in U-P deposits of Northern Kazakhstan. Hydrated nasturan is the most abundant among three uranium (IV+VI) hydroxides in uranium ores. Insignificant ianthinite was found in few deposits, whereas cleusonite was indentified only in one deposit. Simple uranyl hydroxides, schoepite, metaschoepite, and paraschoepite, are widespread in the oxidized ores of the near-surface part of the Schinkolobwe deposit. They are less frequent at the deeper levels and other deposits. Studtite and metastudtite are of insignificant industrial importance, but are of great inter- est to establish genesis of mineral assemblages in which they are observed, because they are typical of strongly oxidized conditions of formation of mineral assemblages and ores. The X-ray amorphous urhite associated with hydrated nasturan and the X-ray amorphous hydrated matter containing ferric iron and U6+ described for the first time at the Lastochka deposit, Khabarovsk krai, Russia are sufficiently abundant uranyl hydroxides in the oxidized uranium ores. Significant complex uranyl hydroxides with interlayer K, Na, Ca, Ba, Cu, Pb, and Bi were found basically at a few deposits: Schinkolobwe, Margnac, Wölsendorf, Sernyi, and Tulukuevo, and are less frequent at the other deposits, where quite large monomineralic segregations of nasturan and crystals of uraninite were identified. -
Growth of Uranyl-Hydroxy-Hydrate and Uranyl-Carbonate Minerals on the (104) Surface of Calcite
1683 The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 42, pp. 1683-1697 (2004) GROWTH OF URANYL-HYDROXY-HYDRATE AND URANYL-CARBONATE MINERALS ON THE (104) SURFACE OF CALCITE MICHAEL SCHINDLER§ AND FRANK C. HAWTHORNE Department of Geological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada CHRISTINE PUTNIS AND ANDREW PUTNIS Institut für Mineralogie, Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 24, D-48149 Münster, Germany ABSTRACT Interaction of concentrated acidic uranyl-bearing solutions at initial values of pH of 2.5 and 4.5 with calcite at 25°C in an open system results in formation of schoepite, becquerelite and wyartite-II. Interaction of similar solutions with calcite at 100°C results in the formation of dehydrated schoepite after one day and becquerelite after two to three days. Concentrated basic uranyl-bearing solutions in contact with calcite at 25°C in an open system produce uranyl-bearing calcite, wyartite-II, becquerelite and schoepite. Uranyl tricarbonate minerals such as liebigite precipitate on calcite only in more highly concentrated basic solutions. The crystal morphologies of almost all of these minerals were recorded on the calcite surface with an atomic force microscope (AFM). Red crystals of becquerelite grown in acidic solutions are elongate parallel to [010], and the (001) face is defined by the [010], [110] and [100] edges. The (001) face of pink crystals of wyartite-II grown in an acidic solution is defined by the [120], [100] and [120] edges and has striations parallel to [100]. Under basic conditions, uranyl-bearing calcite precipitates as growth hillocks in the first few minutes of the experiments. Green crystals of liebigite are attached to the calcite surface via their (001) or (010) faces.