World Bank Document

PARTIAL DRALFT FINAL REPORT PropDsed Karnataka Watershed Development Project Watershed Development Department Government of Karnataka E458 Public Disclosure Authorized Volume 1 Report on Regional Environmental Assessment And Social Assessment Maps for Section 5.0 contained in separate folder Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Tata Energy Research Institute Bangalore,India FILECOPY March 2001 March 2001 KARNATAKA WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT PROJECT STUDYON REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.0 PROJECT SCOPE AND OUTPUTS......................................... 1-1 1.1 The Proposed Watershed Development Project......................................... 1-1 1.1.1 ProjectComponents ......................................... 1-1 1.2 Need For REA & SA ......................................... 1-1 1.3 Scope of the Present Assignment......................................... 1-2 2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ......................................... 2-1 2.1 Background.............. ,.. 2-1 2.2 Objectives.......... 2-1 2.2.1 SpecificProject Projectives .................... 2-1 2.3 Project Districts...................................... ,,,.,......... ,. 2-2 2.4 Project Watersheds................ 2-2 2.5 Project Components................ 2-3 2.5.1 ParticipatoryWatershed Treatment ............................ ,., ,. 2-3 2.5.2 FarmingSystem Intensification ....................... 2-3 2.5.3 Income GeneratingActivities for VulnerableGroups .................................................... ........... 2-3 2.5.4 Institutional Strengthening............................................................... 2-3 3.0 STUDY METHODOLOGY 3.1 REA & SA: An Integrated Exercise............................................................... 3-1 3.2 Adopted Study Methodology................................................................ 3-2 3.3 Limitations of the Study ............................................................... 3-5 4.0 EXISTING POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK........... 4-1 4.1 National level Policies and guidelines............................................................... 4-1 4.1.1 NationalLevel ..... ,,4-1 4.1.2 State Level....................... 4-4.........................4-4 4.2 World Bank Requirements....................... 4-5 4.3 Legal Framework ......................................................... 4-6 4.3.1 ForestPolicy and Regulationsin Karnataka................................................ 4-9 4.3.2 KarnatakaLand Grant Rules................................................. 4-11 4.3.3 The Environment(Protection) Act, 1986................................................ 4-12 4.3.4 The Water and Air (Preventionand Controlof Pollution)Acts ................................................ 4-12 4.3.5 State Level Legislationand other Acts................................................ 4-13 4.3.6 The KarnatakaScheduled Castes and ScheduledTribes Tata EnergyResearch Institute Bangalore (Prohibition of Transfer of Certain lands) Act 1978...................................................................... 4-13 4.3.7 The Karnataka Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities ) Act 1989 ......................................................................... 4-13 4.4 Recommendations for Policy Changes........................................................................ 4-13 5.0 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SETTING ............................... S-1 5.1 Physical Environment ........................................................................ 5-1 5.1.1 Location and Setting ........................................................................ 5-1 5.1.2 Agro-climatic zones ........................................................................ 5-2 5.1.3 Climate ......................................................................... 5-2 5.1.4 Topography.5-3 5.1.5 Geology ......................................................................... 5-3 5.1.6 Drainage and Surface Water .......................................................................... 5-3 5.1.7 Ground Water ........................................................................ 5-4 5.1.8 Soil ........................................................................ 5-5 5.2 Biological Environment ........................................................................ 5-5 5.2.1 Forests ........................................................................ 5-5 5.2.2 Wildlife Habitats and Ecosystems ........................................................................ 5-6 5.2.3 Flora and Fauna ........................................................................ 5-6 5.3 Socio-economic Environment ........................................................................ 5-6 5.3.1 Administrative Boundaries ......................................................................... 5-6 5.3.2 Demography ........................................................................ 5-7 5.3.3 Employment ........................................................................ 5-7 5.3.4 Land Use ........................................................................ 5-8 5.3.5 Livestock ........................................................................ 5-11 5.3.6 Infrastructure and Facilities ......................................................................... 5-11 6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SCREENING .............. ............................ 6-1 6.1 Introduction ........................................................................ 6-1 6.2 Environmental and Social Issues................................................................ 6-1 6.3 Social and Environmental Issues Perceived by the people..................................... 6-1 6.4 Social and Environmental issues in the region ...................................................*...... 6-4 6.5 Potential benefits of the proposed project ................................................................6-9 6.6 Potential Environmental Impacts and Risks of the proposed project activities.. 6-10 6.7 Environmental and Social Screening of Impacts ........................................................6-10 7.0 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 7.1 Assessment Method.................................. 7-1 7.2 Without Project Scenario.................................. 7-2 7.2.1 Assessmentof Impacts.................................. 7-2 7.2.2 Evaluationof Environmentaland SocialScores .................................. 7-3 7.3 With Project Scenario.................................. 7-9 7.3.1 Assessmentof Impact.................................. 7-9 7.3.2 Evaluationof Environmentaland SocialScores .................................. 7-14 7.4 Conclusion.................................. 7-15 TataEnergy Research Institute Bangalore 8.0 PAST EXPERIENCE AND LESSONS LEARNT............................................. 8-1 8.1 Background................................................................ 8-1 8.2 Watershed Development Projects - Lack of Common Approach........................... 8-1 8.3 Watershed Development Projects - Mixed Results................................................... 8-2 8.4 Key Issues Limiting the Success of Projects in the Past......................................... 8-3 8.4.1 MicroscopicCoverage ......................................................................... 8-3 8.4.2 Lackof People'sParticipation ........................................................................ 8-3 8.4.3 Sectoralapproach ........................................................................ 8-3 8.5 Review of Past Projects in Karnataka................................................................ 8-3 9.0 SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL PROFILE OF PRIMARY STAKEHOLDERS................................................................ 9-1 9.1 Background................................................................ 9-1 9.2 Demographic Status ................................................................ 9-1 9.2.1 Population........................................................................ 9-1 9.2.2 LiteracyLevels ........................................................................ 9-5 9.3 Cultural Status ................................................................ 9-7 9.4 Economic Base................................................................ 9-9 9.4.1 OccupationalStatus ........................................................................ 9-9 9.4.2 LandOwnership .......................................................................... 9-10 9.4.3 Sourcesof Irrigation........................................................................ 9-11 9.4.4 AgriculturalPractices ........................................................................ 9-11 9.4.5 Livestock........................................................................ 9-12 9.4.6 PotentialFarm / Non-FarmActivities ......................................................................... 9-13 9.5 Common Property Resources & Management......................................................... 9-14 9.6 Livelihood Systems................................................................ 9-20 9.6.1 Housing Status .......................................................... ..... 9-20 9.6.2 Possessionof OtherAssets ......................................................... 9-21 9.6.3 DrinkingWater Availability......................................................... 9-21 9.6.4 CookingDevice and

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