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Paper Title (Use Style: Paper Title) Advances in Engineering Research, volume 156 18th International Conference on Sustainable Environment and Architecture (SENVAR 2018) Balinese traditional landscape in heritage places: its roles and challenges for tourism development Bali, Indonesia Ni Made Yudantini [email protected] Architecture Department Engineering Faculty, Udayana University Abstract—This Balinese traditional landscape has an The research aims to seek how far the Balinese people important role for tourism development in Denpasar City, as implements traditional landscape and its challenges in one most growing city in Bali Province. Denpasar City faces heritage places for tourism development purposes. The land use change from agriculture to other functions such as research is also to investigate traditional value of Balinese settlement, commercial and business area during the last five traditional landscape that have been adopted in heritage years. Traditionally, Balinese traditional landscape consists of places. The research recommends the needs to encourage the several elements that has functions to enhance the beauty of awareness the community in conserving traditional norms environment, health as well as improve economic of the city. and values that important to create identity of architecture There are natah, telajakan, lebuh, cemetery, melasti precinct, especially in the heritage places to encourage tourism temple boundary, alun-alun green open space and cemetery. development in Denpasar City. Denpasar City has many heritages including tangible and intangible that have been inherited since long time ago. Along with increasing development of technology and globalization II. METHOD that affect people to live in modern way that has resulted less concern in implementation of traditional values in landscape of A. Colleting Data built environment and heritage places. The research aims to The research employs social-constructivism methods that seek how far Balinese people implements traditional landscape a bottom up approach is broader research objective by and its challenges in heritage places for tourism development directly observing the objects. This study also uses purposes. Case study is conducted through observation in some heritage places that are still exist in Denpasar City as a cultural qualitative methods [2] with the nature of descriptive city. The observation investigates how far the traditional values research [3] which is applied to explore and understand the of Balinese landscape have been adopts in heritage places. The condition of Balinese traditional landscape in heritage places. research recommend that awareness of community to conserve The approach used is case-study [4] to understand and traditional norms and values of traditional landscape to create explore the conditions of heritage places. The quality of identity of the city especially in the heritage places for tourism research instruments and the quality of data are very development in Denpasar City. important to consider, which are related to the validity of the data and will affect the quality of the data itself [5, 6]. For Keywords—Balinese traditional landscape heritage, roles and this method primary data collection is used directly through challenges, tourism development) observation of traditional landscape in heritage places in Denpasar City. Literature review was conducted regarding I. INTRODUCTION Denpasar history, Balinese traditional landscape type and elements. Institutional data also helps in presentation of Bali Bali Island is known as international destination for and Denpasar City physical and no-physical statistic cultural tourism, vernacular landscapes, beaches, as well as especially regarding tourism development data. its architecture. Bali has total area of 5,636.66 km² or 0.29% of total Indonesian archipelago with population number of 4,2 million in 2016 [1]. The Statistic of Bali Province (2017) B. Data Analysis states that in June 2018 tourist arrivals to Bali reached The data of observations on heritage places that have 544,550 visits, up to 3.03% (each month). The highest visit is been collected are analyzed by means of qualitative data to in Ubud had reached 11% of total tourist arrivals and 7% in reveal the conditions and changes that occur in heritage Denpasar City while the rest of tourists’ arrival spread to places in Denpasar City. The method of qualitative analysis other regencies in Bali. Denpasar City as a cultural city has obtain the latest information and developments about the several cultural heritages inventoried by the government. existence of traditional landscape and its value in heritage This serves as potential sources of destination for tourism. places and challenges in the framework of maintaining or The cultural heritages of Denpasar City as one type of conserving the values of traditional Balinese architecture. Balinese traditional landscape is categorized as This analysis is recommended a strategy and the importance archaeological/heritance landscape type. The cultural of increasing public awareness of the maintenance of heritages are also applying the landscape elements such as traditional values maintained the identity of local architecture natah, telajakan, lebuh, cemetery, melasti area, temple to develop the tourism purposes. boundary, alun-alun and cemetery. The research found that the cultural heritages in Denpasar City is potential of being a III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION cultural city but also faces a challenge of its development. This chapter describes the result of the study and discussion of Balinese traditional landscape in heritage Copyright © 2019, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). 124 Advances in Engineering Research, volume 156 places in Denpasar City. The study discusses Denpasar City TABLE I. LAND USE OF DENPASAR CITY in the form of statistics including tourism development, the LAND USE (Ha) history of Denpasar City related to the heritage places, and the Balinese traditional landscape elements. The roles of Function / Year 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 traditional landscape in heritage places discusses the extant Paddy field 2.519 2.506 2.509 2.479 2.444 of the landscape supporting the city for tourism development. The challenge of traditional values of the landscape was Dry Land Farming 1.054 516 505 510 510 debated in implementation of the heritage places for tourism Non-agricultural 9.205 9.756 9.764 9.789 9.824 purposes and conservation of cultural heritage. Total 12.778 12.778 12.778 12.778 12.778 Source: Statistic of Denpasar City, 2017 A. Denpasar City in Numbers Historically, Denpasar City was built and reflected in the B. Bali History in Development of the city changes of leadership. Denpasar City is believed to be related to the existence of banyan trees to the north of the Denpasar City is inseparable from the history of Bali market located in the south of the palace of Puri Satria. where there are five historical periods, namely pre-history, Under the banyan tree is a royal garden built by the king I Ancient Bali, Majapahit Kingdom, the arrival of foreigners, Gusti Ngurah Gde Pemecutan. The park is called Denpasar and the era of Independence [10, 11]. Park or park in the north of the market, meanwhile 'den' The pre-historical period is when people's lives are based means north and 'pasar' means market. In this area, the king on natural conditions such as living in caves and using water built the Denpasar castle after the death of his father in the resources. This period introduces agricultural techniques, Badung Kingdom in 1788. The previous capital of Badung "subak" irrigation systems and rice production [12]. Other Kingdom was at Puri Satria and then moved to Puri evidence is shown stone axes and adzes in Sembiran village, Denpasar. This new castle applies the pattern of catuspatha and bronze drums in Pejeng. In Ancient Bali Period (9th or pempatan agung or cross-road pattern as the influence of century) the existence of Hindu influences from Java created city planning during the influence of the Majapahit Kingdom communal living systems of the community in traditional [7]. villages, the existence of Kahyangan Tiga temple, bale The city of Denpasar is located between 08 35'31 "- 08 banjar, and the cross-road pattern of the pempatan agung. 44'49" South Latitude and 115 10'23 "- 115 16'27" East The third period is the influence of the Majapahit Kingdom Longitude [8]. It borders of the region in the North by in Bali - which began in 1343 and was preceded by the Mengwi and Badung Sub-districts; in the East bordering coming of Patih Gajah Mada to Bali. During this era, the Sukawati Sub-district and Gianyar Regency; in the south social caste system (Tri Wangsa consisting of Brahmana, bordered by Kuta sub-district and Badung Regency; and in Ksatrya, and Wisya) was introduced by Dang Hyang the West by North Kuta Sub-district and Badung Regency. Nirartha in 1480, where Brahmins played an important role Administratively, Denpasar City has four sub-districts with at this time (Pringle, 2004). The existence of Balinese 43 villages. The four sub-districts are Denpasar Timur (22.31 calligraphy on palm leaves containing the therapy, km²), Denpasar Selatan (49.99 km²), Denpasar Barat (24.06 philosophy and architectural norms (Hasta Kosala - Kosali). km²), and Denpasar Utara (31.42 km²). The topography of Geertz (1975) concludes that Bali in 1478, along with the Denpasar City includes reclamation of 380 ha in Serangan fall of the Majapahit Empire, brought major changes in Beach. Thus the City of Denpasar has a total area of 127.78 Balinese culture and community [13]. Many pastors, km² or 12.777 ha. The city of Denpasar is located in a plain community leaders came to Bali and created changes in the area of 0-75 m above sea level. Denpasar City has three fields of religion, literature, culture and politics. rivers as a source of water; Ayung River, Badung River, and The period of arrival of foreigners began with the fall of Mati River and there are several tributaries including Tukad Tebe, Tukad Abianbase, Tukad Loloan, Tukad Ngejung, the Majapahit Kingdom in 1515.
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