DOCSLIB.ORG

The Postdoc Summer 2013

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Postdoc Summer 2013 http://www7.national-academies.org/rap NRC Research Associateship Programs Newsletter Autumn 2011 RESEARCH ASSOCIATESHIP PROGRAMS The Postdoc Summer 2013 Table of Contents Meet Rebecca Rivera! NRC Representation at Autumn mtgs.. 2 Meet Rebecca Rivera! (cont) ………… 3 Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ………… 4-5 Meet Linda Sligh! ……………………. 5 Laser Cooling of Solids …………… 6-7 Optical Refrigeration to 119K … ... 8-10 Why Outreach Matters …………… 11 Dark Lightning Radiation ………..12-13 Space Traffic & Arctic Clouds …… 14 Nano-world Secrets ……………… 15 NRC RAP LinkedIn and Facebook… 16 Right: Rebecca Rivera, former DTRA/CBD NRC Associate, currently Laboratory Manager/ Research Scientist II, Marine Veterinary Virology Rebecca started working on her bachelor's degree at age 16 where she had the opportunity to work on a molecular genetics related project entitled “Reconstructing the Population History of Puerto Rico by Means of mtDNA Phy- logeographic Analysis.” In 2000 she was awarded a Travel Award to present her data at the 50th Annual Congress of the American Society of Human Genetics Project later published in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology. By age 20 she was accepted at U.C. DAVIS to do her Ph.D. in Com- parative Pathology with a pre-doctoral NIH grant. There her work was mainly immunology and virology re- lated. She focused on vaccine develop- ments for HIV-1, HCV and HPV. Rebecca graduated in 2006 and her Dissertation was “Immunogenic Properties of a Syn- Rebecca using biological hood Also see Scientific American “How Kitty is Kiling the Dolphins”: thetic Peptide Mixture Derived from the Hypervariable Regions of http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=pathogens-from Rebecca continued on page 3 -humans-cats-kill-seals-dolphins HIV-1 Envelope lycoprotein gp120”. “The Postdoc” highlights research and activities of NRC Associates and Advisers in participating federal government agency laboratory programs with the NRC. Our newsletters are available in print and on our website: http://sites.nationalacademies.org/PGA/RAP/PGA_047804. Newsletter manager: Suzanne White ([email protected]) http://www7.national-academies.org/rap NRC Research Associateship Programs Newsletter Summer 2013 2 NRC Representation at 2013 Meetings Meeting/Conference City, State Date http://www7.national-academies.org/rap NRC Research Associateship Programs Newsletter Summer 2013 3 Rebecca continued from front cover Acknowledgements: The authors would like to thank the staff at After that, Rebecca was at Hubbs-SeaWorld Re- the Navy Marine Mammal Program for their assistance in gathering search Institute, first as a Research Biologist in 2006, then as data as well as the advisors and experts involved in this project. a NRC Postdoctoral Research Associate 2007—2012 (?); This research was being performed while Dr. Rebecca Rivera holds then as a Laboratory Manager/Research Scientist II, looking a National Research Council Research Postdoctoral Associateship for viruses that may affect marine mammals; and now as a Award at the Navy Marine Mammal Program NRC Postdoctoral Research Associate (June 2012-2014) Rebecca’s abstract: Assessing the pandemic potential of Rebecca’s bio: ocean-borne pathogens NRC Research Associate Over the past six years, the Navy Marine Mammal Pro- Navy Marine Mammal Program gram and its collaborative partners, including Hubbs- June 2012 – Present (1 year 1 month) SeaWorld Research Institute, University of Florida, the Biosurveillance of ocean-borne pathogens Marine Mammal Center, Mote Marine Laboratories, and SeaWorld, have been funded by the Office of Naval Re- Scientist II / Lab Manager search and the Department of Defense to discover viruses Hubbs-SeaWorld Research Institute in marine mammals and to assess their risks to Navy dol- June 2010 – May 2012 (2 years) phins and sea lions. Findings from this research and oth- Over the last five years the staff at the Center for Marine Veterinary Virol- ers have demonstrated that 1) a wide variety of viruses are ogy at Hubbs-SeaWorld Research Institute in San Diego California has discovered over 30 new marine mammal viruses (previously only 11 had associated with infectious disease in marine mammals, 2) been reported in bottlenose dolphins and sea lions). Tests for these viruses a number of marine mammal viruses are closely related to are providing new tools for evaluation of the health of marine mammals, those that infect humans, and 3) human and marine mam- including free-ranging and stranded animals as well as sea lions and dol- mal viruses can recombine and create viruses that likely phins in managed collections. Diagnostic techniques, viral characterization infect both marine mammals and humans. The potential and risk assessments of these viruses in the marine environment and ani- role of the ocean in harboring pandemic pathogens is un- mals are also relevant to human health (zoonosis, emerging infectious dis- known, and marine mammals may provide important eases). clues regarding which pathogens have the greatest pan- demic potential. With the support of the Defense Threat Scientist I / Lab Manager Hubbs-SeaWorld Reseacrh Institute Reduction Agency, and to investigate the pandemic po- June 2008 – June 2011 (3 years 1 month) tential of ocean-borne pathogens, the following actions Marine mammal virus discovery, characterization and risk assessments. are being implemented over 24 months: 1) literature re- view of pathogens that infect marine mammals and have Postdoctoral Research Associate the greatest pandemic potential, 2) development of a Hubbs-SeaWorld Research Institute Working Group of leading experts in emerging infectious November 2007 – June 2008 (8 months) diseases and pandemics, 3) implementation of targeted, Molecular virology near-term proof of concept projects supportive of the overall project goal, and 4)development of a 5-year in- Research Biologist Hubbs-SeaWorld Research Institute vestment strategy to support longer-term research pro- September 2006 – November 2007 (1 year 3 months) jects. To date, a summary of marine mammal pathogens Marine mammal virology has been completed; a Working Group has been estab- lished, including over 20 members from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mayo Clinic, Stanford University, Columbia University, Naval Health Research Dolphins, sea lions serve Center, and the University of Florida; and proof of con- cept projects with Working Group members are underway. Use of multi- military Dr. Mark Xitco, NRC Research Adviser institutional collaborations of experts has been an effective and productive means to address larger scale questions with minimal resources. Rebecca Rivera,1 Stephanie Venn-Watson2 1 National Research Council Postdoctoral Asso- ciate at the Navy Marine Mammal Program, San Diego, California, 92106, USA 2 National Marine Mammal Foundation, One Health Medicine and Research Program, San Diego, California, 92106, USA . http://www.cbsnews.com/2100-500175_162-808201.html http://www7.national-academies.org/rap NRC Research Associateship Programs Newsletter Summer 2013 4 U .S. Pacific Northwest- Population Structure of Clinical & Environmental Vibrio parahaemolyticus If you've eaten raw seafood, es- pecially bivalve mollusks such as oysters, or dipped a toe into the ocean, you've likely encountered Vibrio parahaemolyti- cus (Vp). Vp is a Gram-stain negative bacterium indigenous to coastal marine waters and the leading cause of seafood- Dr. Mark Strom, NRC Adviser, Dr. Jeff Turner, NRC Associate NOAA borne bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. Central to safeguarding the pub- Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a Gram Fisheries Science Center lic from Vp is the ability to distinguish -negative bacterium indigenous to coastal (NWFSC). The study used repeti- between virulent and avirulent strains of marine environments. Subpopulations of V. tive extragenic palindromic PCR this bacterium. This distinction can be parahaemolyticus carry genes that impart (REP-PCR) and multilocus sequence based on the presence or absence or viru- the ability cause illness in humans and this typing (MLST) to show that 167 V. lence-associated genes and or natural bacterium is notable as the leading cause of parahaemolyticus isolates comprised variation in DNA sequence shared be- seafood-borne gastroenteritis worldwide. some 39 REP-PCR groups and 24 tween strains. Turner et al. (2013) utilized The bacterium is commonly transmitted MLST sequence types. The discov- multilocus typing (MLST), a technique through the consumption of raw or under- ery of at least 5 distinct sequence that differentiates strains based on varia- cooked bivalves (e.g., oysters), which filter types among clinical strains demon- tion in DNA sequence, to type 167 Vp and concentrate the bacterium from the sur- strates that V. parahaemolyticus gas- isolates originating largely from the Pa- rounding water column. troenteritis in the PNW is poly- cific Northwest (PNW) region of the Globally, most clinical cases are phyletic. United States. attributed to the O3:K6 serotype; however, Moreover, Turner et al. Results show that clinical infec- V. parahaemolyticus-related illness in the (2013) show that a large clonal com- tions in the PNW are caused by multiple Pacific Northwest (PNW) region of the plex of environmental isolates share genetically distinct strains. Importantly, United States has been attributed to a diver- the same REP-PCR and MLST pro- these clinical strains did not include the sity of serotypes (e.g., O4:K12, O6:K18, files as the O3:K6 complex responsi- pandemic O3:K6 serotype,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Symposium Thunderstorms and Elementary Particle Acceleration (TEPA-2016)
    Symposium Thunderstorms and Elementary Particle Acceleration (TEPA-2016) GENERAL INFORMATION: TIME FRAME: October 3-7 2016 LOCATION: Nor Amberd International Conference Centre of the Yerevan Physics Institute, Byurakan, Aragatsotn District, Armenia. SYMPOSIUM WEBSITE: http://crd.yerphi.am/Conferences/tepa2016/home ORGANIZERS: Cosmic Ray Division of Yerevan Physics Institute, Armenia Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics of Moscow State University, Russia INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE: Ashot Chilingarian, Yerevan Physics Institute, Armenia, co-chair Lev Dorman, Israel Cosmic Ray Center and Emilio Segre' Observatory, Israel Joseph Dwyer, Space Science Center (EOS) and Department of Physics University of New Hampshire , USA Gerald Fishman, NASA-Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, USA) Hartmut Gemmeke, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany David Smith, University of California, Berkeley Johannes Knapp, DESY Zeuthen, Germany Karel Kudela, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovakia Alexandr Lidvanski, Nuclear Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Russian Federation Jean Lilensten, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble, France Evgeny Mareev, Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation Razmik Mirzoyan, MPI, Munich, Germany Yasushi Muraki, STE laboratory, Nagoya University, Japan Michail Panasyuk, Moscow State University, Russian Federation, co-chair Marco Tavani, INAF and University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy Tatsuo Torii, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tsuruga, Japan Harufumi Tsuchiya, Cosmic Radiation Laboratory, Riken, Japan. Lev Zeleny, Space Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation BACKGROUND: The problem of thundercloud electrification and the mechanism of initiation of lightnings inside thunderclouds is one of the biggest unsolved problems in the atmospheric sciences. It is not yet understood how thundercloud electrification, lightning activity, wideband radio emission and particle fluxes relate to each other.
    [Show full text]
  • University of California Santa Cruz Long Duration Gamma
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ LONG DURATION GAMMA-RAY EMISSION FROM THUNDERCLOUDS A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in PHYSICS by Nicole A. Kelley December 2014 The Dissertation of Nicole A. Kelley is approved: Professor David M. Smith, Chair Professor Joseph R. Dwyer Professor Patrick Y. Chuang Dean Tyrus Miller Vice Provost and Dean of Graduate Studies Copyright c by Nicole A. Kelley 2014 Table of Contents List of Figures v List of Tables vii Abstract viii Dedication x Acknowledgments xi 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Electric fields inside thunderstorms . 2 1.2 Relativistic Runaway Electron Avalanches . 8 1.3 Gamma-ray Glow Observations . 13 1.4 High Energy Atmospheric Physics . 17 I Instrumentation 21 2 ADELE Instrument - Version 1.0 22 2.1 Instrumentation . 23 2.2 ADELE 2009 Campaign . 29 2.3 ADELE Calibrations . 36 2.3.1 Method 1 . 36 2.3.2 Method 2 . 39 2.3.3 Method Comparison . 42 3 ADELE Instrument - Version 2.0 44 3.1 New Instrument . 45 3.2 HS3 Mission . 47 iii 3.2.1 Testing . 48 3.2.2 Integration . 51 3.2.3 Mission . 52 3.3 Hurricane Hunters . 53 II Gamma Ray Glow Measurements 56 4 The ADELE Glows 57 4.1 Introduction . 57 4.2 Interpreting the ADELE Results . 59 4.3 Overview of the ADELE Glows . 61 4.4 Glows and their relationship to lightning . 68 4.4.1 The Glow Lightning Model . 76 5 Relativistic electron avalanches as a thunderstorm discharge com- peting with lightning 88 5.1 Introduction .
    [Show full text]
  • Martin A. Uman, Ph.D
    Martin A. Uman, Ph.D. Distinguished Professor Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Florida 311 Larsen Hall, PO Box 116200 Gainesville, FL 32611 Telephone: (352) 392-4038 FAX: (352) 846-3363 Email: [email protected] Research: www.lightning.ece.ufl.edu Teaching: www.uman.ece.ufl.edu EDUCATION 1961 Princeton University: Ph.D. - Dissertation: "The Behavior of Electrons in Certain Gas Mixtures." 1959 Princeton University: M.A. 1957 Princeton University: B.S.E.; Phi Beta Kappa, Sigma Xi 1953 H.B. Plant High School; Tampa, Florida; Valedictorian AREAS OF INTEREST Lightning Physics, Lightning Protection, Electromagnetic Field Theory EMPLOYMENT 2003-present Distinguished Professor, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 1991-2003 Professor and Chairman, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 1975-1995 President, 1975-1983; Vice President and Chief Consulting Scientist, 1983-1995, Lightning Location and Protection, Inc., Tucson, AZ 1971-2003 Professor, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 1965-1971 Fellow Physicist, Westinghouse Research Labs, Pittsburgh, PA 1961-1965 Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ Summer, 1958 Scientist, Elcon Laboratory, Inc., Cambridge, MA Summer, 1958 Research Assistant, Forrestal Research Center, Princeton, NJ Summer, 1957 Research Associate, Sperry Gyroscope Company, Great Neck, NY Summer,
    [Show full text]
  • Positron Clouds Within Thunderstorms
    To be published in J. Plasma Phys. Positron clouds within thunderstorms Joseph R. Dwyer1†, David M. Smith2, Bryna J. Hazelton3, Brian W. Grefenstette4, Nicole A. Kelley5, Alexander W. Lowell5, Meagan M. Schaal6 and Hamid K. Rassoul7 1Department of Physics and Space Science Center (EOS), The University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA 2Physics Department and Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA 3Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA 98195. 4Space Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA 91125. 5Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA 94720. 6National Academies of Science, resident at the Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375 7Department of Physics and Space Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA (Received 28-Feb.-2015; Revised 15-April-2015; Accepted 26-April-2015) We report the observation of two isolated clouds of positrons inside an active thunderstorm. These observations were made by the Airborne Detector for Energetic Lightning Emissions (ADELE), an array of six gamma‐ray detectors, which flew on a Gulfstream V jet aircraft through the top of an active thunderstorm in August 2009. ADELE recorded two 511 keV gamma-ray count rate enhancements, 35 seconds apart, each lasting approximately 0.2 seconds. The enhancements, which were about a factor of 12 above background, were both accompanied by electrical activity as measured by a flat-plate antenna on the underside of the aircraft. The energy spectra were consistent with a source mostly composed of positron annihilation gamma rays, with a prominent 511 keV line clearly visible in the data.
    [Show full text]
  • Runaway Breakdown and the Mysteries of Lightning
    Runaway Breakdown and the Mysteries of Lightning tense x-ray bursts4 both inside and be- The observed electric fields in thunderclouds are generally neath thunderclouds. With character- too weak to initiate the atmosphere’s electrical breakdown. istic x-ray energies around 50 keV, the But cosmic rays can play a surprising role in the drama of bursts last about 1 minute and are lightning. usually well correlated with lightning events. In addition, the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory and the Alexander V. Gurevich and Kirill P. Zybin Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager satellites de- tected very intense millisecond n 1749 Benjamin Franklin made a fundamental discov- gamma-ray bursts (0.05–10 MeV) that appeared at alti- Iery—that lightning is an electrical discharge between a tudes of about 500–600 km in the ionosphere.5 The data thundercloud and Earth. Such a discharge can only occur analysis definitely indicated that the bursts were gener- if the atmosphere, which is normally an insulator, under- ated during thunderstorms. The existence of analogous goes electrical breakdown. Therein lies our first mystery. gamma-ray emission (2–10 MeV) accompanying lightning The conventional breakdown taught in textbooks orig- was established by Charles B. Moore and colleagues in inates with free electrons heated in an electric field. Fast natural conditions and by Joseph Dwyer and coworkers in electrons in the tail of the thermal distribution function rocket-triggered lightning experiments.6 have enough energy—about 10–20 eV—to ionize matter All of these results are of supreme interest: The exis- and therefore to generate new free electrons.
    [Show full text]
  • Lightning Propagation and Ground Attachment Processes from Multiple-Station Electric Field and X-Ray Measurements
    LIGHTNING PROPAGATION AND GROUND ATTACHMENT PROCESSES FROM MULTIPLE-STATION ELECTRIC FIELD AND X-RAY MEASUREMENTS By JOSEPH SEAN HOWARD A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2009 1 © 2009 Joseph Sean Howard 2 To my beautiful, loving, and very understanding wife, Amber 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would first like to express my sincerest gratitude and appreciation for my committee chair and Ph.D. advisor, Dr. Martin Uman. He has always extended the highest degree of kindness and friendship. This work would simply not have been possible without his support and guidance, and I will certainly never forget him. I would also like thank my co-chair, Dr. Vladimir Rakov, for his gracious support and thoughtful comments throughout the years. Of course, there are many people to whom I am indebted for their long hours and enduring effort out at the research facility. These individuals include Jason Jerauld, Chris Biagi, Dustin Hill, Michael Stapleton, Robert Olsen III, Dr. Doug Jordan, Ziad Saleh, and George Schnetzer. I would like to extend a special thanks to Jason Jerauld for taking me under his wing and being a pillar of support through my graduate studies and to Chris Biagi for being an excellent friend and co-worker during our time together. I would also like to thank Dr. Joseph Dwyer and Dr. Hamid Rassoul, our collaborators from the Florida Institute of Technology. I especially want to thank my wife, Amber, for her tremendous support and sacrifice through these difficult years.
    [Show full text]
  • Gibson Mines 0052N 11565.Pdf (7.904Mb)
    EXPLORATION OF COSMIC-RAY PROPAGATION AND THUNDERSTORM MODELS TO EXPLAIN UNUSUAL EVENTS MEASURED WITH THE SURFACE DETECTOR OF THE PIERRE AUGER OBSERVATORY by Joseph Gibson c Copyright by Joseph Gibson, 2018 All Rights Reserved A thesis submitted to the Faculty and the Board of Trustees of the Colorado School of Mines in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Applied Physics). Golden, Colorado Date Signed: Joseph Gibson Signed: Dr. Frederic Sarazin Thesis Advisor Golden, Colorado Date Signed: Dr. Uwe Greife Professor and Head Department of Physics ii ABSTRACT The Surface Detector at the Pierre Auger Observatory has recorded events that have an unusually large footprint on the array and lasts 100 times longer than a typical cosmic ray signal. This thesis explores possible models to explain the source of these unusual signals. The proposed models show that the unusual signals are not a result of a cosmic ray shower but are instead likely a result of a lightning-related phenomenon. The attachment process and the return stroke can create E-fields strong enough to create runaway relativistic electron avalanches. This process creates a cascade of high energy electrons that can span over 100 meters and induces high energy photons that can travel a few kilometers. The Surface Detector would be able to measure the high energy particles resulting from this runaway process. The simulated model of the return stroke produced a signal on the ground that was able to match the long-time of the unusual events. This very preliminary model provides some insights for some of the unusual events, but a complete explanation for the events remains elusive.
    [Show full text]
  • Relativistic Runaway Electron Avalanches Inside the High Field Regions of Thunderclouds by Eric Scott Cramer
    Relativistic Runaway Electron Avalanches Inside the High Field Regions of Thunderclouds by Eric Scott Cramer Bachelor of Science, Physics & Applied Mathematics CUNY Queens College 2008 Master of Science, Space Sciences Florida Institute of Technology 2011 A dissertation submitted to Florida Institute of Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Physics Melbourne, Florida May 2015 ⃝c 2015 Eric Scott Cramer All Rights Reserved The author grants permission to make single copies We the undersigned committee hereby recommends that the attached document be accepted as fulfilling in part of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Physics. \Relativistic Runaway Electron Avalanches Inside the High Field Regions of Thunderclouds" a dissertation by Eric Scott Cramer Major Advisor Hamid K. Rassoul, Ph.D. Dean, College of Science Professor, Physics and Space Sciences Co-Advisor Joseph R. Dwyer, Ph.D. Professor, Physics, University of New Hampshire Peter T. Paul Chair in Space Sciences Ningyu Liu, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Physics and Space Sciences Ming Zhang, Ph.D. Professor, Physics and Space Sciences Ugur Abdulla, Ph.D. Department Head, Mathematical Sciences Professor, Mathematical Sciences Abstract Relativistic Runaway Electron Avalanches Inside the High Field Regions of Thunderclouds by Eric Scott Cramer Dissertation Advisor: Hamid K. Rassoul, Ph.D. In this dissertation, simplified equations describing the transport and energy spec- trum of runaway electrons are derived from the basic kinematics of the continuity equations. These equations are useful in modeling the energy distribution of ener- getic electrons in strong electric fields, such as those found inside thunderstorms.
    [Show full text]