Les Techniques Des Produits Dérivés Et Leurs Champs D'application Au Café

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Les Techniques Des Produits Dérivés Et Leurs Champs D'application Au Café Les techniques des produits d´eriv´eset leurs champs d'application au caf´edu vietnam Thi Nhung Nguyen To cite this version: Thi Nhung Nguyen. Les techniques des produits d´eriv´eset leurs champs d'application au caf´edu vietnam. Economies´ et finances. Universit´ede Bordeaux, 2015. Fran¸cais. <NNT : 2015BORD0333>. <tel-01282409> HAL Id: tel-01282409 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01282409 Submitted on 3 Mar 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destin´eeau d´ep^otet `ala diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publi´esou non, lished or not. The documents may come from ´emanant des ´etablissements d'enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche fran¸caisou ´etrangers,des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou priv´es. THÈSE PRÉSENTÉE POUR OBTENIR LE GRADE DE DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE BORDEAUX ECOLE DOCTORALE : ENTREPRISE, ECONOMIE, SOCIETE (EES) SPÉCIALITÉ : SCIENCES ECONOMIQUES Par Thị Nhung, NGUYỄN LES TECHNIQUES DES PRODUITS DERIVES ET LEURS CHAMPS D’APPLICATION AU CAFE DU VIETNAM Sous la direction de : Yves JEGOUREL Soutenue le 09/12/2015 Membres du jury : M. CHALMIN, Professeur Université Dauphine Rapporteur Philippe M. DINH, Xuan Enseignant- Hanoi University of Economics Suffragant Cuong Chercheur and Business (VNU-UEB) M. DUPUY, Michel Professeur Université de Bordeaux Président M. JEGOUREL, Maître de Université de Bordeaux Directeur de thèse Yves conférences M. REY, Serge Professeur Université de Pau et des Pays de Rapporteur l’Adour i Titre : Les techniques des produits dérivés et leurs champs d’application au café du Vietnam Résumé : La thèse a pour but principal de trouver des solutions permettant l’amélioration de l’efficacité de la couverture des risques chez les intervenants vietnamiens du café à travers la négociation sur les bourses de marchandises. Comme toute matière première faisant l’objet d’un échange international important et sujette à une financiarisation de ses marchés, le café connait des fluctuations de prix considérables qui ne sont pas sans conséquence sur la rentabilité et la pérennité des entités productrices, mais également sur les recettes d’exportation des principaux pays producteurs. La question de la gestion du risque de prix et implicitement, celle portant sur la pertinence de l’usage des produits dérivés comme outil de « hedging », sont en effet centrales. Pour tenter d’appréhender dans quelle mesure les produits dérivés sont applicables au cas des producteurs de café vietnamiens, cette thèse s’est attachée en premier lieu à mieux comprendre comment s’organise le circuit de commercialisation du café au Vietnam et à déterminer si l’intervention accrue des intermédiaires (négociants, commerçants industriels) - avant que le produit transformé n’arrive entre les mains du consommateur- fait sens. Chacun de ces différents intervenants est exposé à un nombre important de risques, ayant un impact direct ou indirect sur le prix auquel sera vendue commercialement la matière physique. Les producteurs sont naturellement exposés au risque de baisse des prix, tandis que les intermédiaires, qu’ils soient transformateurs ou « simples » négociants sont exposés au risque d’une réduction de leur marge d’intermédiation. Ils achètent en effet le produit pour le revendre mais la simultanéité des opérations est rare. L’ampleur du risque de prix auquel ils sont assujettis est, de ce point de vue, le plus souvent considérable par rapport à sa marge commerciale. Cette thèse a essayé en cela de déterminer quelles étaient les solutions les plus appropriées pour les producteurs vietnamiens afin de se protéger à court terme contre une évolution défavorable des prix. Ceci nous a amené à considérer la pertinence du recours aux marchés à terme nationaux du café, comme celle de l’utilisation des produits dérivés offerts sur les places boursières internationales. Pour les produits d’exportation et notamment le café, des marchés internationaux de type « Futures » (ou organisés) comme celui de Londres qui traite le café Robusta ou du Chicago Mercantile Exchange – CME, coexistent en effet avec des bourses de marchandises ou des marchés à terme, de type « Forward » n’ayant pas le périmètre des précédents, en Inde, en Chine mais également au Vietnam. Le recours à l’un ou l’autre de ces marchés ne procède pas d’une analyse évidente, chacun ayant leurs avantages et leurs contraintes propres. Nous appuyant sur la littérature existant sur l’utilité des marchés à terme commerciaux et financiers, nous évaluons ainsi leurs intérêts respectifs pour l’économie vietnamienne. On ne saurait de ce point de vue réduire la fonction des marchés organisés de matières premières à la seule fonction de gestion des risques, tant leurs rôles dans la diffusion de l’information et la mise en œuvre de stratégies de stockage peut, dans certains cas, être incontournables. Sur la base de cette évaluation, cette thèse a également pour ambition de proposer quelques voies d’amélioration de la gestion du risque de prix et les politiques de stockage au sein de la filière caféicole vietnamienne. Mots clés: Les produits dérivés, la gestion des risques, la couverture des risques, le café, le Vietnam, la bourse de marchandises, le BCEC (BuonMaThuot Coffee Exchange Center), la VNX (Vietnam Commodity Exchange), la production du café, la négociation du café sur la bourse de marchandises. Laboratoire d’analyse et de recherche en économie et finance internationales Bâtiment Recherche Economie PAC de Pessac - Avenue Léon Duguit - 33608 PESSAC ii Title: Techniques of commodity derivatives and their application to coffee of Vietnam Abstract: The main objective of the thesis is to find solutions to improve the effectiveness of risk management for Vietnamese coffee stakeholders through trading on commodity exchanges. Like any agriculture products being subject to an important international exchange, coffee is known as a price significantly fluctuated product, which impacts not only the profitability and sustainability of producing entities, but also the export value of the major producing countries. The issue of management of price risk and implicitly, which relates to the appropriateness of the derivatives usage as hedging tools are central in fact. In order to understand how derivatives are applicable in the circumstances of Vietnamese coffee producers, the thesis focused primarily on studying about how to organize the coffee supply chain in Vietnam and foreseeing whether more intervention from intermediaries (traders, industrial shopkeepers) – before the product arrives the consumer – causes any effects. Each participant may face many risks, which has a direct or indirect impact on the product sale price. Producers are exposed to the risk of falling prices while intermediaries (processors or “simple” traders) are exposed to the risk of reducing their intermediation margin. In fact, they buy the product to resell but the two activities (selling and buying) are not done in a simultaneous way. From this point of view, the risk level to which they are exposed is usually significant in comparison with their commercial margin. The thesis tried to define which the most appropriate solutions should be taken by Vietnamese coffee producers in order to protect themselves against short-term unfavorable prices. This led us to consider the relevance of domestic as well as international coffee futures markets. For exporting products like coffee, there are two types of market which coexist: The Future Market (or organized market) - such as ICE Europe in London which deals Robusta coffee, ICE Futures U.S with Arabica coffee, CME and CBOT, the oldest and most active commodity exchange in the United States, and the Forward Market which is in India, China and Vietnam. There’s no better market since each type has its advantages and disadvantages. However, based on the previous research of commodity and finance exchange, we could estimate its respective interests for the Vietnamese economy leading to the possibility of optimizing only to the risk management function. Therefore, its roles in information dissemination and the implementation of storage policies may be unavoidable in some cases. According to this evaluation, the thesis also aims to propose some methods of improving the price risk management and storage policies in the Vietnamese coffee sector. Keywords: Derivatives, Risk management, Hedging, Coffee, Vietnam, Commodity Exchange, BuonMaThuot Coffee Exchange Center (BCEC), Vietnam Commodity Exchange (VNX), Coffee Production, Coffee trading on Commodity Exchange Laboratoire d’analyse et de recherche en économie et finance internationales Bâtiment Recherche Economie PAC de Pessac - Avenue Léon Duguit - 33608 PESSAC Remerciement iii REMERCIEMENTS Je tiens d’abord à exprimer ici ma profonde gratitude à Monsieur le Professeur Yves JEGOUREL pour ses conseils très utiles tout au long de la rédaction de ma thèse. Sa rigueur scientifique et ses remarques toujours constructives ont été des éléments essentiels contribuant à l’amélioration de mon travail. Je profite de cette occasion pour exprimer ma reconnaissance au Gouvernement français (à travers l’Ambassade de France au Vietnam, le CROUS de Bordeaux et Campus France) qui m’a attribué une bourse pour suivre la thèse en Economie et Finance internationales à l’Université de Bordeaux. Enfin, je voudrais
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