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Installing and Using the Hadley Centre Regional Climate Modelling System, PRECIS

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Installing and Using the Hadley Centre Regional Climate Modelling System, PRECIS Installing and using the Hadley Centre regional climate modelling system, PRECIS Version 1.9.4 www.metoffice.gov.uk/precis Simon Wilson, David Hassell, David Hein, Chloe Eagle, Simon Tucker, Richard Jones and Ruth Taylor April 12, 2012 Contents 1 Introduction 11 1.1 Background .............................. 11 1.2 Objectivesandstructureofthemanual . 12 2 Hardware, operating system and software environment 13 2.1 Recommended Hardware Configurations . 13 2.2 Multi-processorsystems . 14 2.3 InstallationofLinux ......................... 15 2.4 Compilers ............................... 16 2.5 System setup before installing PRECIS . 17 3 PRECIS software and installation 19 3.1 Introduction.............................. 19 3.2 Disklayout .............................. 20 3.3 Main steps in installation process . 21 3.4 Installation of PRECIS software and data . 21 3.5 InstallationofMetOfficedata . 25 3.5.1 Boundary data supplied on hard drive . 25 3.6 Installation verification . 27 3.7 InstallationofCDAT ......................... 28 4 Experimental design and setup 30 4.1 Experimentaldesign ......................... 30 4.1.1 Regional climate model . 30 2 4.1.2 Choice of driving model and forcing scenario . 30 4.1.3 Simulationlength. 36 4.1.4 Initial condition ensembles . 37 4.1.5 Choice of land surface scheme . 38 4.1.6 Outputdata.......................... 38 4.1.7 Spinup............................. 38 4.1.8 Choice of region . 39 4.1.9 Land-seamask ........................ 39 4.1.10 Altitude ............................ 40 4.1.11 Altitude of inland waters . 41 4.1.12 Soil and land cover . 41 4.1.13 RCM calendar and clock . 42 4.1.14 RCM Resolution . 42 4.1.15 Outputformat ........................ 43 4.1.16 Checklist............................ 43 5 Configuring an experiment with PRECIS 45 5.1 Introduction.............................. 45 5.2 TheMainPRECISWindow . 47 5.2.1 Selectingaregion . 47 5.2.2 Configuringaregion . 50 5.2.3 Selecting the regional model and driving data . 52 5.2.4 Selecting the land surface scheme . 52 5.2.5 Selecting a start time and run length . 53 5.2.6 Selecting diagnostic output . 53 5.3 TheMenuBar............................. 54 5.3.1 File............................... 55 5.3.2 RegionTools ......................... 56 5.3.3 Extras ............................. 57 5.3.4 Analysis Tools GUIs . 57 5.3.5 Monitor ............................ 57 3 5.3.6 Help .............................. 57 5.4 Startinganexperiment . 58 5.5 Rerunanexperiment ......................... 58 5.6 Stoppinganexperiment . 58 5.7 Usefuluserinterfacetips . 59 5.8 ThePRECISrun-timesequence . 72 5.8.1 Ancillary file creation . 72 5.8.2 Lateral boundary condition (LBC) file creation . 73 5.8.3 Reconfiguration of initial conditions . 74 5.8.4 Modelintegration. 74 5.9 Copying an experiment to another machine . 75 5.10 ExperimentMonitoring. 76 5.10.1 Maximum wind limit exceeded (MWLE) . 76 5.10.2 Animationofoutput . 77 5.10.3 Modifying the graphical output plots . 77 5.11Archiving ............................... 79 5.12 Whattodoifsomethinggoeswrong . 81 6 Data formats, post-processing and displaying PRECIS data 83 6.1 Introduction.............................. 83 6.2 Dataformatsoverview . 84 6.3 PPFormatinPRECIS ........................ 85 6.3.1 PPFormatdescription . 85 6.3.2 ManipulatingPPfields . 85 6.4 NetCDFformatinPRECIS . 90 6.4.1 Provided NetCDF tools . 90 6.5 GRIBformatinPRECIS. 91 6.5.1 Provided GRIB format tools . 91 6.6 Post processing and visualization with CDAT . 91 6.6.1 IntroductiontoCDAT . 91 6.6.2 CDATmodules ........................ 92 4 6.7 Post Processing and visualization with GrADS . 93 6.7.1 ProvidedGrADSscripts . 93 6.8 Othervisualizationtools . 94 6.9 GlobalDatasets............................ 94 7 The PRECIS web site 95 A Contents of the PRECIS DVD 96 A.1 PRECISDVD............................. 96 B Directory layout and environment variables 98 B.1 Directory layout of the PRECIS system . 98 B.2 Environment variables used by PRECIS . 99 B.3 Configurationfiles. 100 B.4 Globaldata .............................. 101 B.4.1 ECMWF reanalysis diagnostic data . 101 B.4.2 CRUglobaldata . 102 C Standard diagnostic list 103 D Location and naming convention of diagnostic files produced by PRECIS 113 D.1 TheUMdatestamp ......................... 114 E PP header description 117 F Horizontal and Vertical resolution 127 F.1 Horizontalresolution . 127 F.2 Verticalresolution. 127 G Command line utilities 130 H Soil and Land cover in MOSES I 132 H.1 Sourcedata .............................. 132 H.2 Soil................................... 132 5 H.3 Landcover............................... 133 H.4 Notes on usage for overriding the default soil and land cover types 133 H.5 Definition of ’Available soil moisture in the root zone’ (STASH code8208)............................... 138 I Soil and Land cover in MOSES 2.2 140 J Atmospheric compositions 143 K Regridding examples 150 L Aggregation examples 153 M Glossary and acronyms 156 6 List of Figures 5.1 ThemainPRECISwindow. 46 5.2 The Region Selection window . 60 5.3 Detailed Region Selection . 61 5.4 RegionArchive ............................ 62 5.5 TheEditRegionwindow. 63 5.6 The height and veg/soil edit window (MOSES1 land surface scheme selected)................................ 64 5.7 TheLandSurfaceSchemeWindow . 65 5.8 TheStartDateandRunLengthwindow . 65 5.9 TheOutputwindow ......................... 66 5.10 The load experiment window . 67 5.11 Multiprocessor Configuration window . 68 5.12 Currently Running experiment window . 68 5.13 TheRunPRECISwindow . 69 5.14Thestopwindow ........................... 70 5.15 TheRerunWindow.......................... 71 5.16 An example of the runtime monitoring window . 78 5.17 Interactive Graphical Output configuration window . 80 K.1 Regridding examples with ppregrid: 1a–1c: Regridding a global field to a limited area, rotated pole grid. 2a–2c: Regridding a limited area rotated pole field to a different, only partially overlapping limited area rotated pole grid. 151 7 K.2 More regridding examples with ppregrid: 3a–3b: Regridding a limited area rotated pole field to a limited area non-rotated pole grid. 4a–4b: Regridding a limited area rotated pole field to global non- rotated pole grid whose left hand edge is at 190.0◦E. 5a–5b: Regridding a limited area rotated pole field to limited area non-rotated pole grid which is extended from the source grid’s limits by 200 target grid boxes to the west and 10 target grid boxes tothesouth,eastandnorth.. 152 L.1 Aggregation examples with ppaggregate: 1a–1c: Aggregating a limited area rotated pole field to a global non-rotated pole grid. 2a–2c: Aggregating a limited area rotated pole field to a different, only partially overlapping limited area rotated pole grid. 154 L.2 More aggregation examples with ppaggregate: 3a–3b: Aggregating a limited area rotated pole field to a limited area non-rotated pole grid. 4a–4b: Aggregating a limited area rotated pole field to global non-rotated pole grid whose left hand edge is at 90.0◦E. 5a–5b: Aggregating a limited area rotated pole field to limited area non-rotated pole grid which is extended from the source grid’s limits. ................................. 155 8 List of Tables 2.1 Relative speeds of different processors running PRECIS on a 106×111 grid .................................. 14 3.1 Sizes for different PRECIS output data types for 1 year and 30 years for a 106×111grid........................ 21 5.1 Height and Veg/Soil type indication . 51 5.2 Mouse/keyboard button functions in the ‘Edit Region’ window . 52 5.3 OptionsfromtheHelpmenu. 57 5.4 Description of the text fields in the runtime monitor window . 82 C.1 Standard diagnostics: Climate means . 105 C.2 Standard diagnostics: Daily . 110 C.3 Standarddiagnostics: Hourly . 112 D.1 p? (characters 8–9) values: The time period over which the data has been processed and the amount of data in the file. 114 D.2 Single letter date stamp equivalences . 115 D.3 File content and UM date stamp examples (as seen in PRECIS outputfilenames)........................... 116 F.1 Hybrid values of the PRECIS model vertical coordinate system . 129 H.1 Grid box coverage for primary and secondary land cover types . 133 H.2 WHSSoilcodesandtheirproperties . 136 H.3 WHS land cover classes . 137 H.4 Definition of deep soil levels (in metres from the surface). 139 H.5 Specificationoftherootzone. 139 9 I.1 LandsurfacetypesinMOSES2.2 . 141 I.2 The 16 IGBP land types + 2 BATS types ............. 142 J.1 SRES B2 scenario mass mixing ratios (kg of gas per kg of air) of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) . 144 J.2 SRES B2 scenario mass mixing ratios (kg of gas per kg of air) of trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11, CCl3F), dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12, CCl2F2) and 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (CFC- 113, C2Cl3F3)............................. 145 J.3 SRES B2 scenario mass mixing ratios (kg of gas per kg of air) of chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22, CHClF2), 1,1,1,2,2-Pentafluoroethane (HFC-125, C2HF5) and 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a, C2H2F4)146 J.4 SRES A2 scenario mass mixing ratios (kg of gas per kg of air) of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) . 147 J.5 SRES A2 scenario mass mixing ratios (kg of gas per kg of air) of trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11, CCl3F), dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12, CCl2F2) and 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (CFC- 113, C2Cl3F3)............................. 148 J.6 SRES A2 scenario mass mixing ratios (kg of gas per kg of air) of chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22, CHClF2), 1,1,1,2,2-Pentafluoroethane (HFC-125, C2HF5) and 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a, C2H2F4)149 10 Chapter 1 Introduction Timely access to detailed climate change scenarios is particularly vital in devel- oping countries, where economic stresses are likely to increase vulnerability to potentially damaging impacts of climate change. In order to help address this need the Met Office Hadley Centre has developed PRECIS, a regional climate modelling system which can be run on a cheap, easily available personal computer (PC). The aim of PRECIS (Providing REgional Climates for Impacts Studies) is to allow developing countries, or groups of developing countries, to generate their own national scenarios of climate change for use in impacts studies.
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