DOCSLIB.ORG

Generating Dependency Relationships Among UML Model Elements for Impact Analysis of UML Documents

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Generating Dependency Relationships Among UML Model Elements for Impact Analysis of UML Documents Generating Dependency Relationships among UML Model Elements for Impact Analysis of UML Documents Masayuki KOTANI and Koichiro OCHIMIZU Department of Information Science Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 1-8 Asahidai, Tatsunokuchi, Nomi, Ishikawa 921-1211, JAPAN fm-kotani, [email protected] ABSTRACT In this paper, we propose a method to generate dependency relationships among UML model elements for impact anal- ysis of UML diagrams. We take Model Based Translation approach to generate them. In drawing UML diagrams, a modeler or a designer should define various kinds of depen- dency relationships, such as refine and trace, manually based on the traceability policy. This work is very error-prone and time consuming. We propose the meta model of UML to generate dependency relationships among model elements of UML diagrams automatically. We also discuss our meta model is useful for generating workflows for change support. We show the effectiveness of our approach by examining the several examples. Figure 1: An abstract of generation method for de- pendency relationships Keywords dependency relationship, impact analysis, UML, meta model 1. INTRODUCTION lationships among model elements of UML diagrams. When In a software development, a developer creates an artifact the translator gets a model element of a UML diagram from referring other artifacts. There are various kinds of depen- the XML database of some CASE tool, it decides the corre- dencies among them, such as refine and trace. In creating sponding meta element of the meta model. Then the trans- or changing an artifact, the developer should define those lator generates the dependency relationships between the two dependency relationships manually based on the traceability model elements based on a meta relation between correspond- policy. This work is error-prone and time consuming. In this ing meta elements. paper, we propose a method for generating dependency rela- tionships automatically among model elements of UML dia- 2.1. Defining meta relations grams, using Meta model of UML for Change (abbreviated We examine the dependency relationships in UML1.5 to make to MUC). A group of artifacts connected by dependency rela- the semantics of them clear. We show the list of dependency tionships can be considered as an order of changing artifacts. relationships and define the meaning of them from the view- We also discuss the semantics of dependency relationships point of change support as shown in Table 1. In Table 1, the from the viewpoints of change activities as a basis of gener- leftmost column shows the notation in UML meta model, and ating a workflow for change support. There are three kinds the middle column shows the stereotypes used in UML dia- of change such as “Add”, “Delete” and “Modify”. Semantics grams, and the rightmost column shows the characteristics of tracing is different from each change type. We discuss the we defined. characteristic of dependency relationships for each change type. The difference of stereotypes in Table 1 mainly comes from the types of connected ones but the operations related 2. GENERATING DEPENDENCY RELATIONSHIPS to change are classified into three categories: Lifetime, At- AMONG MODEL ELEMENTS OF UML DIAGRAMS tributes and Elements as explained in the following. We take model based translation approach [1] to generate dependency relationships between UML model elements as ² “Lifetime” means that a lifetime of the child is equal to the shown in Figure 1. An input of a translator is a set of UML lifetime of the parent. diagrams and an output of the translator are dependency re- ² “Attributes” means that several attributes of elements of Table 1: Analyzing semantics of dependency relation- modified when the child is modified, and the reverse is also ships in UML1.5 true; the child is deleted when the parent is deleted, and the reverse is not true. The meta element at the tail of the arrow is the child, and the other at arrowhead is the parent. In Table notation in stereotypes in 2, meta element X is the parent, meta element Y is the child. UML meta model UML diagram characteristics Bind bind Lifetime, Attributes CopyOf. A meta relation “CopyOf”, characterized by “At- Abstraction derive Lifetime, Attributes tributes” and “Elements”, indicates that elements of both ends realize Lifetime, Attributes are the same one. This means that the element of the one end refine Lifetime, Attributes is modified when the other is modified. This is drawn as a trace Lifetime, Attributes line with two arrows. In Table 2, meta element X and Y are Usage use Lifetime the same. call Lifetime create Lifetime, Attributes 2.2. Defining meta elements instantiate Lifetime We define the meta elements of MUC in Table 3. Permission send Lifetime access Lifetime, Attributes Table 3: meta elements of meta model MUC friend Lifetime, Attributes meta elements model elements of UML diagram import Lifetime actor, use case, class, Flow become Lifetime, Attributes Classifier package, node, component copy Attributes, Elements Meta object object (in object diagram) Extend extend Lifetime association, aggregation Include include Lifetime Relation dependency, generalization InstanceOf instanceOf Lifetime MetaLink link (in object diagram) MetaState state, action state MetaTransition transition, event, action both ends are the same. MetaInstance object ² “Elements” means that elements of both ends are the same MetaMessage message one. In conclusion, we categorize stereotypes into three groups and each group has the same set of characteristics. We define In Table 3, Classifier is an abstraction of structural entities the meta relations of MUC as shown in Table 2. such as an actor, a usecase, a class, a package, a component and a node. The definition of Classifier of our meta model Table 2: meta relations is different from the definition of Classifier in UML meta model. We do not include “an object” in Classifier to distin- notation meta relation guish type and instance. The corresponding meta element of an object is Meta object. Relation is an abstraction of rela- X Y ExistTogether tions between structural entities as shown in Table 3. Meta X Y Follow link is an abstraction of link. Remaining four meta elements are abstraction of computation caused by structural entities. X Y CopyOf Meta state and Meta transition represent a behavior of some entity and Meta instance and Meta message represent an in- teraction among structural entities. In Table 2, each meta relation has the following meaning. We need to recognize a UML diagram as a meta element ExistTogether. A meta relation “ExistTogether”, character- because a statechart represent a computation of some object ized by “Lifetime”, indicates that the child lifetime depends and we need to delete the statechart when we delete the cor- on the parent lifetime. This means that the child is deleted responding class definition. There are nine UML diagrams when the parent is deleted. The meta element at the diamond such as a usecase diagram, a class diagram, an object dia- side is the parent, and the other is the child. In Table 2, meta gram, a component diagram, a deployment diagram, a state- element X is the parent, and meta element Y is the child. chart diagram, an activity diagram, a sequence diagram and a collaboration diagram. We classified these nine UML dia- Follow. A meta relation “Follow”, characterized by “Life- grams into three categories as shown in Table 4. time” and “Attributes”, indicates that several attributes of the elements of both ends are the same, and the child lifetime de- We classified them into three based on the Classifier as pends on the parent lifetime. This means that: the parent is shown in Table 5 where the “RelationshipDiagram” shows Table 4: meta elements for UML diagrams meta elements UML diagrams use case diagram, class diagram, Figure 3: recursive meta relation of Meta Element RelationshipDiagram object diagram, component diagram, deployment diagram statechart diagram, between “Classifier” and “MetaInstance” because “MetaIn- BehaviorDiagram activity diagram stance” is an instance of “Classifier”. There is a meta relation sequence diagram, “CopyOf” between “MetaInstance” and “MetaObject”. InteractionDiagram collaboration diagram We need to define several matching rules based on the model elements shown in Figure 4 to generate the depen- dency relationships automatically among model elements. a relation between Classifiers. “BehaviorDiagram” shows a behavior of the Classifier. “InteractionDiagram” shows com- In Table 6, we show “matching rules”. Filled matrix el- munication between Classifiers. ements show the allowable combinations of types of model elements. The value of a matrix element means the condi- Table 5: classification based on Classifier tion for matching. For an example, we can generate some dependency relationship between two actors if the name of diagrams components one actor equals to the name of the other actor. The other ex- Classifier, MetaObject, ample is that we can generate some dependency relationship RelationshipDiagram Relation, MetaLink between object and class if the name of an object includes BehaviorDiagram MetaState, MetaTransition the name of class. It means the name of the object should be InteractionDiagram MetaInstance, MetaMessage qualified by the name of the class. 2.4. Evaluating the effectiveness of the MUC We define “MetaElement” as a super class of all meta el- We performed an experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of ements as shown in Figure 2. The role of “MetaElement” is the MUC. We compared dependency relationships created by to define “CopyOf” meta relation among any meta elements an examinee with dependency relationships generated by a of MUC ( Figure 3 ). tool. We used 15 UML diagrams described in Cruise Con- trol & Monitoring System [2]. The result of the experiment is shown in Table 7. There are 50 dependency relationships generated by a tool. There are 42 dependency relationships that were recognized by the examinee. There are 35 depen- dency relationships common to both. The dependency relationships generated by a tool, but not created by the examinee.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Component Diagrams
    1.COMPONENT DIAGRAMS 2. PACKAGE DIAGRAMS What is a component? – A component is an autonomous unit within a system – UML component diagrams enable to model the high-level software components, and the interfaces to those components – Important for component-based development (CBD) – Component and subsystems can be flexibly REUSED and REPLACED – UML components diagrams are Implementation diagrams i.e., it describe the different elements required for implementing a system Example – When you build a house, you must do more than create blueprints – you've got to turn your floor plans and elevation drawings into real walls, floors, and ceilings made of wood, stone, or metal. – If you are renovating a house, you'll reuse even larger components, such as whole rooms and frameworks. – Same is the case when we develop software…. COMPONENT NOTATION – A component is shown as a rectangle with – A keyword <<component>> – Optionally, in the right hand corner a component icon can be displayed – A component icon is a rectangle with two smaller rectangles jutting out from the left-hand side – This symbol is a visual stereotype – The component name Component types Components in UML could represent – logical components (e.g., business components, process components) – physical components (e.g., EJB components, COM+ and .NET components) Component ELEMENTS – A component can have – Interfaces An interface represents a declaration of a set of operations – Usage dependencies A usage dependency is relationship which one element requires another element for its full
    [Show full text]
  • UML Diagram Types Architectural Family Component
    UML Diagram Types Dynamic Models Structural Models activity diagrams class diagrams statechart diagrams object diagrams interaction diagrams packages – sequence diagrams Architectural Models – collaboration component diagrams diagrams deployment diagrams use case diagrams Architectural Family Component Diagram: shows the organization and dependencies among a set of components (i.e., software deployment) Deployment Diagram: shows the configuration of run-time processing nodes and the components that live on them (i.e., hardware deployment) Component def’n: physical and replaceable part of a system that conforms to and provides the realization of a set of interfaces physical: bits replaceable: substitutable, conforming to same interfaces part of a system: software partition of a system interfaces: collection of operations to specify service of a class or component Component Convention name – simple name: (e.g. agent) – path name: (e.g. system::dialog) adornments – tagged values symbol – default: rectangle, with two smaller rectangles – iconic representation Components vs. Classes Similarities Differences names physical implementation realize set of vs. logical abstraction interfaces operations reachable relationships only through interfaces vs. attributes and nesting operations directly instances Interface def’n: collection of operations to specify service of a class or component represents seams in systems components realize the interfaces other components access services (dependency) through interfaces Convention short form (dependency) elided form (realization and dependency) fully specified form (expanded interface) Separation of Interface and Component separate what class does from how it interfaces break direct dependency between two components component will function properly as long as it uses given interface permits assembly of systems from binary replaceable parts extension through new services and new interfaces Types of Components Deployment necessary and sufficient to form an executable system e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • On UML's Composite Structure Diagram
    On UML's Composite Structure Diagram Ian Oliver, Vesa Luukkala Nokia Research Center Helsinki, Finland fian.oliver,[email protected] Abstract. The composite structure diagram and related notions have been introduced into UML2.0 to supplement already existing artifacts such as classes. However the usage of these constructs by engineers and/or modellers is not always in the spirit of inventors of these con- structs. A number of additional interpretations develop which are not always consistent with the intended usage of the structure nor with the language itself. Understanding these additional usages assists in under- standing areas of ambiguity, extension, inconsistency and the future de- velopment of the language. 1 Introduction The composite structure diagram's and related structures' uses and semantics are well described in [1{3] while the notions of composition are adequately de- scribed in [4, 5]. Its function is to extend the modelling capabilities of the UML beyond that of classes and their relationships and is primarily aimed to assist the modelling of the internal structures of classes with a more well defined notion of decomposition. Similar notions exist in methods such as ROOM [6] (capsules) and languages such as SDL [7] and SysML [8] for example. As tools become more UML compliant and support more UML constructs, en- gineers and/or modellers start to use these additional constructs. The effect of this is that the semantics of these constructs is often learnt through an implicit process based around the name of the construct and what the tool appears to allow; the semantics are often based on the engineer's expectations and per- ceived meaning [9] rather than on the actual, intended semantics.
    [Show full text]
  • TAGDUR: a Tool for Producing UML Sequence, Deployment, and Component Diagrams Through Reengineering of Legacy Systems
    TAGDUR: A Tool for Producing UML Sequence, Deployment, and Component Diagrams Through Reengineering of Legacy Systems Richard Millham, Jianjun Pu, Hongji Yang De Montfort University, England [email protected] & [email protected] Abstract: A further introduction of TAGDUR, a documents this transformed system through a reengineering tool that first transforms a series of UML diagrams. This paper focuses on procedural legacy system into an object-oriented, TAGDUR’s generation of sequence, deployment, event-driven system and then models and and component diagrams. Keywords: UML (Unified Modeling Language), Reengineering, WSL This paper is a second installment in a series [4] accommodate a multi-tiered, Web-based that introduces TAGDUR (Transformation and platform. In order to accommodate this Automatic Generation of Documentation in remodeled platform, the original sequential- UML through Reengineering). TAGDUR is a driven, procedurally structured legacy system reengineering tool that transforms a legacy must be transformed to an object-oriented, event- system’s outmoded architecture to a more driven system. Object orientation, because it modern one and then represents this transformed encapsulates variables and procedures into system through a series of UML (Unified modules, is well suited to this new Web Modeling Language) diagrams in order to architecture where pieces of software must be overcome a legacy system’s frequent lack of encapsulated into component modules with documentation. The architectural transformation clearly defined interfaces. A transfer to a Web- is from the legacy system’s original based architecture requires a real-time, event- procedurally-structured to an object-oriented, driven response rather than the legacy system’s event-driven architecture.
    [Show full text]
  • Tutorial Exercise 4 Answer
    Information System Design (U08182) Tutorial Exercise 4 Answer 1. List the different categories of software that may be used in developing a system. CASE tools; compilers, interpreters and run-time support; visual editors; integrated development environments; class browsers; component managers; DBMS; CORBA; testing tools; conversion tools; documentation generators; configuration management systems; debuggers. 2. What packages (not the UML package concept) have you used and what categories do they fall into? The answer to this will depend on the individual. Examples would be: Rational Rose – CASE tool; Java – compiler with run-time support; JBuilder – visual editor/IDE; Microsoft Developer’s Studio – IDE; Oracle – DBMS; VisiBroker – CORBA ORB; TestScope – testing tool; ClearCase – configuration mangement tool; gdb – debugger. 3. Define what is meant by a component. A physical element of a system, usually a file of some sort. can be a source file, used in producing the software for the system, or an element of the runtime system 4. Define what is meant by a node. Processor in the implementation of a system, shown in a deployment diagram. 5. What is a notation for a component? U08182 @Peter Lo 2010 1 6. What is a notation for a node? 7. What are the main purposes of using component diagrams? Model physical software components and the relationships between them; Model source code and relationships between files; Model the structure of releases of software; Specify the files that are compiled into an executable. 8. What are the main purposes of using deployment diagrams? Model physical hardware elements and the communication paths between them; Plan the architecture of the system; Document the deployment of software components on hardware nodes.
    [Show full text]
  • UNIT-II I. BASIC STRUCTURAL MODELING Contents: 1. Classes 2. Relationships 3. Common Mechanisms 4. Diagrams 1. Classes: Terms An
    UNIT-II I. BASIC STRUCTURAL MODELING Contents: 1. Classes 2. Relationships 3. Common Mechanisms 4. Diagrams 1. Classes: Terms and Concepts: A class is a description of a set of objects that share the same attributes, operations, relationships, and semantics. Graphically, a class is rendered as a rectangle. Names Every class must have a name that distinguishes it from other classes. A name is a textual string. That name alone is known as a simple name; a qualified name is the class name prefixed by the name of the package in which that class lives. A class may be drawn showing only its name Attributes An attribute is a named property of a class that describes a range of values that instances of the property may hold. A class may have any number of attributes or no attributes at all. An attribute represents some property of the thing you are modeling that is shared by all objects of that class. For example, every wall has a height, width, and thickness; you might model your customers in such a way that each has a name, address, phone number, and date of birth Operations An operation is the implementation of a service that can be requested from any object of the class to affect behavior. In other words, an operation is an abstraction of something you can do to an object that is shared by all objects of that class. A class may have any number of operations or no operations at all. For example, in a windowing library such as the one found in Java's awt package, all objects of the class Rectangle can be moved, resized, or queried for their properties.
    [Show full text]
  • Ontology-Based Verification of UML Class Model XOR Constraint And
    Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing Tech Science Press DOI:10.32604/iasc.2021.015071 Article Ontology-Based Verification of UML Class Model XOR Constraint and Dependency Relationship Constraints Asadullah Shaikh1,*, Abdul Hafeez2, M. A. Elmagzoub1, Abdullah Alghamdi1, Ansar Siddique3 and Basit Shahzad4 1Department of Information Systems, Najran University, Najran, 61441, Saudi Arabia 2Department of Computer Science, SMI University, Karachi, 76400, Pakistan 3Department of Software Engineering, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan 4Department of Software Engineering, National University of Modern Languages (NUML), Islamabad, 44020, Pakistan ÃCorresponding Author: Asadullah Shaikh. Email: [email protected] Received: 05 November 2020; Accepted: 22 December 2020 Abstract: Unified Modeling Language (UML) models are considered important artifacts of model-driven engineering (MDE). This can automatically transform models to other paradigms and programming languages. If a model has bugs, then MDE can transfer these to a new code. The class model is a key component of UML that is used in analysis and design. Without a formal foundation, UML can create only graphical diagrams, making it impossible to verify properties such as satisfiability, consistency and consequences. Different techniques have been used to verify UML class models, but these do not support some important components. This paper transforms and verifies unsupported components such as XOR associa- tion constraints and dependency relationships of a UML class model through ontol- ogy. We use various UML class models to validate the proposed ontology-based method, easy and efficient transformation and verification of unsupported elements. The results show this approach can verify large and complex models. Keywords: Ontology-based verification; model verification; class model verification; UML model verification 1 Introduction In today’s world, there is an extensive use of software in high-end television sets, mobile phones, cars and other devices.
    [Show full text]
  • Transformation of Dependency and Association in UML Design Class
    International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-8, Issue-10S, August 2019 Transformation of Dependency and Association in UML Design Class Ngamsantivong Thavatchai, Ratanavilisagul Chiabwoot Abstract: This paper presents two new conceptual relationships II. RELATED LITERATURE between classes of software development known as dependency and association. The design between the two relationships could A. UML be interchangeable because it always takes place in real-life situations — for instance, the relationship from friends to Unified Modeling Language (UML) is the language of husband-wife and vice versa. However, in terms of coding, the identifying, specifying, and documenting system and software most important factor is system performance. That means the artifacts. Therefore, the class diagram and relationships are designer could write the code as dependency or association to the main focus of this study. provide the same result. To improve the efficiency of the program, the researcher writes the code in the C++ language to execute four B. Dependency types of variables named messages, strings, calculation, and Webster’s Dictionary defines dependency as something sorting. The four types of the variable used to test the dependent on something else. In UML, dependence performance of aggregation, composition, dependency, and functional programming, the timestamp was used to measure the represents a relationship between a client and a supplier. In execution time before and after for each case 50 times. The F-test which a change in the specifications of the supplier may affect statistic was used to compare the mean difference of each type of the client. It represents a line of dashes (----), and the arrow variable.
    [Show full text]
  • Abstract Semantic Inconsistency And
    ABSTRACT SEMANTIC INCONSISTENCY AND COMPUTATIONAL INTRACTABILITY IN TRANSITIVE ABSTRACTION RULES By Cihan Kaynak Class diagrams in UML have the ability to capture the conceptual design view of a software system. Therefore, the abstraction of them has vital implications in reverse engineering and program comprehension. Building abstraction of class diagrams that are directly generated from source code is crucial to provide a maintenance engineer the ontology of a legacy system. Egyed proposed 121 transitive abstraction rules to discover UML relationships among classes that are related to domain concepts. In this work, we propose a number of modifications to Egyed’s rules that address some semantic inconsistencies. Furthermore, we prove that serial application of Egyed’s rules is inherently ambiguous in some cases and the identification of a semantically consistent abstraction is computationally intractable. Finally, we introduce a methodology that simplifies the set of abstraction rules introduced by Egyed. SEMANTIC INCONSISTENCY AND COMPUTATIONAL INTRACTABILITY IN TRANSITIVE ABSTRACTION RULES A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Miami University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Computer Science Department of Computer Science and System Analysis by Cihan Kaynak Miami University Oxford, Ohio 2008 Advisor______________________________________ Dr. Gerald C. Gannod Reader_______________________________________ Dr. James Kiper Reader_______________________________________ Dr. Valerie Cross TABLE OF CONTENTS
    [Show full text]
  • Synthesis of State Machines from Multiple Interrelated Scenarios Using Dependency Diagrams
    Synthesis of State Machines from Multiple Interrelated Scenarios Using Dependency Diagrams Simona VASILACHE Department of Computer Science, University of Tsukuba Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan and Jiro TANAKA Department of Computer Science, University of Tsukuba Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan ABSTRACT They can be used not only for behavioral requirements specifications, but also for detailed design models close to Requirements specification is one of the most important phases implementation [4]. in developing a software application. In defining the behavior While scenarios represent a single trace of behavior of a of a system, requirements specifications make use of a number complete set of objects, state machines represent the complete of scenarios that are interrelated in many ways. Most of the behavior of a single object. Together, they provide an current approaches, even though giving directions on how to orthogonal view of a system. By transforming scenarios into translate them into state machines, treat each scenario state machines, we can take advantage of the benefits offered separately. Because different relationships between scenarios by both of these concepts. result in different state machines, we believe it is significant to Scenarios are generally not independent of each other; various emphasize and represent these relationships. In order to relationships and dependencies connect them. We make a illustrate them we propose a new type of diagrams named classification of these relationships and in order to represent dependency diagrams. We offer a set of rules and steps for the them we propose a new type of diagrams. We call these synthesis of state machines from multiple inter-related diagrams dependency diagrams.
    [Show full text]
  • Describing Software Architecture with UML
    Describing Software Architecture with UML C. Hofmeister, R. L. Nord, D. Soni Siemens Corporate Research, Princeton, New Jersey, USA {chofmeister, mord, [email protected] Key words: Software architecture, UML, architecture descriptions, multiple views Abstract: This paper describes our experience using UML, the Unified Modeling Language, to describe the software architecture of a system. We found that it works well for communicating the static structure of the architecture: the elements of the architecture, their relations, and the variability of a structure. These static properties are much more readily described with it than the dynamic properties. We could easily describe a particular sequence of activities, but not a general sequence. In addition, the ability to show peer-to­ peer communication is missing from UML. 1. INTRODUCTION UML, the Unified Modeling Language, is a standard that has wide acceptance and will likely become even more widely used. Although its original purpose was for detailed design, its ability to describe elements and the relations between them makes it potentially applicable much more broadly. This paper describes our experience using UML to describe the software architecture of a system. For these architecture descriptions, we wanted a consistent, clear notation that was readily accessible to architects, developers, and managers. It was not our goal to define a formal architecture description language. The notation could be incomplete, but had to nevertheless capture the most important aspects of the architecture. In this paper we start by giving an overview of the kinds of information we want to capture in a software architecture description. Then we give an example of a software architecture The original version of this chapter was revised: The copyright line was incorrect.
    [Show full text]
  • Uml: Sequence & Use Case Diagrams Uses of Uml
    more uml: sequence & use case diagrams uses of uml • as a sketch: – very selec)ve – informal and dynamic – forward engineering: describe some concept you need to implement – reverse engineering: explain how some part of a program works uses of uml (2) • as a blueprint: – emphasis on completeness – forward engineering: model as a detailed spec for a programmer – reverse engineering: model as a code browser – round-trip: tools provide both forward & reverse engineering to move back and forth between design and code uses of uml (3) • as a programming language: – uml models are automacally compiled into working code • executable uml: h>ps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executable_UML – requires sophis)cated tools – the model is the code package decomposi4on class abstrac4on finding dependencies things to model • structure of the code – code dependencies – components and couplings • behaviour of the code – execu)on traces – state machine models of complex objects • function of the code – what func)on(s) does it provide to the user? things to model • structure of the code – code dependencies – components and couplings • behaviour of the code – execu)on traces – state machine models of complex objects • function of the code – what func)on(s) does it provide to the user? sequence diagrams design choices object creaon and deleon interacon frames interac4on frames (2) when to use sequence diagrams • comparing design options – shows how objects collaborate to carry out a task – graphical form shows alternave behaviours • assessing bottlenecks – ex. an object through which many messages pass • explaining design patterns – mostly an academic exercise (my opinion) • elaborating use cases – shows how user expects to interact with system – shows how user interface operates modeling a design pa>ern • ex.
    [Show full text]