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SANBI IDentifyIt - Species Pangolins Family MANIDAE NEMBA Status Vulnerable CITES Listing Appendix I Geographic location / distribution Africa and Asia Physical characteristics Body covered in hard, rounded, sharp-edged scales; short legs with four large, strong, curved claws; conical / cone- shaped head; very longue tongue; long prehensile (grasping) tail; no scales on snout, eyes, ears, belly and inside surface of legs; curls into a ball when threatened; scale colour ranges from dark brown to russet to brownish yellow. The scales of a newborn pangolin are soft but start hardening by the second day. Traded parts, derivatives and products Live animals, frozen whole animals, scales, leather, foetus, bushmeat and medicine. Threats Hunting and trade Other related species Giant Pangolin (Manis gigantea) Tree Pangolin (Manis tricuspis) Photographer: Rajesh Kumar Mohapatra and Sudarsan Panda Photographer: Marco Tonoli Pangolin species. Copyright/Website: Environment Canada Pangolin trade. Dead Pangolins. Copyright/Website: TRAFFIC Frozen pangolins. Copyright/Website: http://thestar.com.my Photographer: Masteraah, Wikimedia Commons Scales. Copyright/Website: http://thestar.com.my Smuggled pangolins. Photographer: Dan Bennett Pangolin Stew - Ivory coast. Copyright/Website: http://2.bp.blogspot.jpg Pangolin belly. Copyright/Website: www.bangladeshcotton.org Pangolin - very long tongue. Copyright/Website: www.sandiegozoo.org Pangolin claws. Copyright/Website: http://bushwarriors.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/pangolin-claws Pangolin descaling. Copyright/Website: TRAFFIC Pangolin baby. Copyright/Website: TRAFFIC Pangolin scales. Copyright/Website: TRAFFIC Pangolin foetuses. Copyright/Website: TRAFFIC Pangolin skin. Copyright/Website: www.congo-pages.org/BOMA/Pics/roasted_pangolin Pangolin leather. Copyright/Website: http://forum.purseblog.com Copyright © 2017. All rights reserved..

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Autecology of the Sunda Pangolin (Manis Javanica) in Singapore
AUTECOLOGY OF THE SUNDA PANGOLIN (MANIS JAVANICA) IN SINGAPORE LIM T-LON, NORMAN (B.Sc. (Hons.), NUS) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2007 An adult male Manis javanica (MJ17) raiding an arboreal Oceophylla smaradgina nest. By shutting its nostrils and eyes, the Sunda Pangolin is able to protect its vulnerable parts from the powerful bites of this ant speces. The scales and thick skin further reduce the impacts of the ants’ attack. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My supervisor Professor Peter Ng Kee Lin is a wonderful mentor who provides the perfect combination of support and freedom that every graduate student should have. Despite his busy schedule, he always makes time for his students and provides the appropriate advice needed. His insightful comments and innovative ideas never fail to impress and inspire me throughout my entire time in the University. Lastly, I am most grateful to Prof. Ng for seeing promise in me and accepting me into the family of the Systematics and Ecology Laboratory. I would also like to thank Benjamin Lee for introducing me to the subject of pangolins, and subsequently introducing me to Melvin Gumal. They have guided me along tremendously during the preliminary phase of the project and provided wonderful comments throughout the entire course. The Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) provided funding to undertake this research. In addition, field biologists from the various WCS offices in Southeast Asia have helped tremendously throughout the project, especially Anthony Lynam who has taken time off to conduct a camera-trapping workshop.
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1 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Division of International
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Division of International Conservation Africa Regional Program FY 2016 Summary of Projects In FY 2016, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) awarded funding to 37 projects totaling $16,129,729 through the Africa Regional Program, which was matched by $25,124,875 in additional leveraged funds. Unless otherwise noted, all projects were funded through the Central Africa Regional Program for the Environment (CARPE). Field projects in seven countries (in alphabetical order below) and 10 projects across multiple countries were supported. New Multi-Year Cooperative Agreements RWANDA AFR1603 Grant # F16AP00857 Building capacity for biodiversity conservation in Nyungwe-Kibara-Kahuzi Biega National Parks. In partnership with the Kitabi College of Conservation and Environmental Management. The purpose of this project is to develop a partnership between Rwanda’s Kitabi College and the USFWS to improve regional training opportunities for rangers and other conservationists from Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). In particular, the project aims to conserve wildlife and address threats in Rwanda’s Nyungwe National Park, Burundi’s Kibira National Park, and DRC’s Kahuzi-Biega National Park. Specific activities include: (1) providing scholarships for protected area staff to earn diplomas and return to work in their home national parks; (2) developing and incorporating teaching materials into Kitabi College’s curriculum on emerging threats to wildlife and trans-boundary park management. USFWS: $35,000 Leveraged Funds: $11,308 MULTIPLE COUNTRIES CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO AFR1646 Grant # F16AC00508 Reduce poaching of key species within the Chinko, CAR and Garamba, DRC landscapes/ protection areas, with a specific focus on security, intelligence, law enforcement, and park management.
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Protect Our Pangolins
Call for Action Giant pangolin/Giant ground pangolin (Manis gigantea) • The Cameroon Government supported uplisting all The giant pangolin is the pangolins to Appendix I of CITES. This uplisting largest living pangolin went into effect on January 2, 2017, prohibiting all species, weighing up to 35 kg. commercial international trade of pangolins. Apart from its size, it is easily Together Let’s distinguished from the much • The CITES uplisting provides an opportunity smaller tree-dwelling African Protect Our Pangolins for countries to show leadership in improving law pangolins by a regular scale enforcment and demand reduction efforts to better Photo: Ekwoge Agbe / Zoological pattern, fossorial lifestyle, Society of San Diego & Drexel protect pangolins. University and the lack of pads at the end of the tail, which aid climbing • We encourage MINFOF to make the Ministerial in the arboreal species. The giant pangolin inhabits moist Order No. 0648/MINFOF of 18 of December 2006 tropical lowland forests and forested swamps, but also widely accessible and understood by all actors occurs in mosaic habitats comprising forest and savanna. involved, and to update the Class A listing to reflect all three pangolin species and other species as necessary. White-bellied pangolin/Tree pangolin (Manis tricuspis) The white-bellied pangolin • Recent large seizures of pangolin scales carried out is the most frequently by MINFOF emphasize the urgency of strengthening encountered pangolin in enforcement and stopping those who poach, traffic, Africa. Compared to the sell, or consume pangolins at local, national, regional, giant pangolin, the white- and international levels. We applaud MINFOF’s bellied and black-bellied efforts to strengthen enforcement for pangolins.
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Microarchitectural Adaptations in the Stomach of African Tree Pangolin (Manis Tricuspis)
Int. J. Morphol., 26(3):701-705, 2008. Microarchitectural Adaptations in the Stomach of African Tree Pangolin (Manis tricuspis) Adaptaciones Microarquitecturales en el Estómago del Pangolin Africano (Manis tricuspis) Ofusori, D. A.; Caxton-Martins, E. A.; Keji, S. T.; Oluwayinka, P. O.; Abayomi, T. A. & Ajayi, S. A. OFUSORI, D. A.; CAXTON-MARTINS, E. A.; KEJI, S. T.; OLUWAYINKA, P. O.; ABAYOMI, T. A. & AJAYI, S. A. Microarchitectural adaptations in the stomach of african tree pangolin (Manis tricuspis). Int. J. Morphol., 26(3):701-705, 2008. SUMMARY: The microarchitecture of the pangolin’s stomach favouring the high chitinous diet has been less waived into, despite extensive morphological investigations. Histological analysis of the microanatomy will provide powerful tools for interpretation to yield reliable insights. We investigated this by fixing the tissues in 10% formol saline for histological analysis. Serial sections at 5 µm thickness were subjected to general staining methods for light microscopic study (Haematoxylin and eosin, Van Gieson’s and Verhoeff’s). The results revealed basic structural arrangements in their coats, with a modification of the epithelial lining of cardia and fundus into stratified squamous keratinized epithelium. These modifications were also reflected in the distribution of collagen and elastic fibers in the various layers (coats) of the stomach. The present study has shown that there was an adaptation of the stomach of African tree pangolin to its diet as reflected in the microarchitectural configuration. KEY WORDS: Stomach; Microarchitecture; Histological analysis; Diet; Coats. INTRODUCTION The African tree pangolin (M. trisuspis), a M. tricuspis that the corpus is more metabolically active mammal, is commonly found in the western part of than the other parts of the stomach.
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Pangolin: Adorable but Endangered
FEATURE ARTICLE Pangolin: Adorable but Endangered Shubhada Kapil ANGOLINS are often mistaken as reptiles, but they are actually scaly-skinned mammals. When in danger, P the pangolin can roll into a ball, exposing only its tough scales for protection. Pangolins are the world’s only truly scaly mammals in the world to be covered from head to toe in keratin scales. These scales account for up to 20% of a Pangolin’s entire weight. Despite their uniqueness, we do not know a lot about them. We know that they are characteristically shy, solitary and primarily nocturnal. Of the eight extant species, four occur in sub-Saharan Africa and four inhabit parts of Asia, from Pakistan to China and the Philippines. In recent years, 80% of pangolin scales confiscated from the global black market are from African animals But today, given the demand for their meat and scales, (Credit: TRAFFIC) pangolin populations are believed to be on the decline. Most Trafficked Mammal Pangolins certainly are one of the most trafficked mammals in Asia and, increasingly, Africa. They are in high demand in countries like China and Vietnam. Their meat is considered a delicacy and pangolin scales are used in traditional medicine and folk remedies to treat a range of ailments from asthma to rheumatism and arthritis. All eight pangolin species are protected under national and international laws but that is not stopping the massive international illegal trade in pangolins, which has increased Pangolin scales have been used in traditional Asian medicine in recent years because of growing demand. It is reported that for centuries but today the demand for pangolin products is between 2011 and 2013, an estimated 116,990-233,980 pangolins driving these creatures to extinction (Credit: TRAFFIC) were killed.
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Ecology and Conservation of Pangolin Using Stable Isotope Forensics] (Ref IAP2-19-086)
[Ecology and conservation of pangolin using stable isotope forensics] (Ref IAP2-19-086) University of Glasgow, SUERC (Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre) In partnership with University of Stirling, Biological and Environmental Sciences & ANPN (Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux du Gabon) Supervisory Team • Jason Newton, SUERC, Glasgow University • Luc Bussière, Biol. & Env. Sciences, Stirling University • David Lehmann, ANPN, Gabon • Katharine Abernethy, Stirling University & CENAREST, Gabon Key Words Pangolin, Endangered Species Ecology, Isotope Forensics, Conservation Management, Wildlife Crime. species is myrmecophagous, providing an important ecosystem service as a regulator of social insect populations. Our current knowledge of pangolins is hampered by their predominantly nocturnal lifestyle, the fact they use a complex system of deep inaccessible burrows, and further, their jeopardy by poaching and trafficking. We know little about their movements and population sizes, and our lack of knowledge about their ecology hinders our efforts to protect them. This PhD position will exploit technical advances in stable isotope analysis to provide long-sought data on the ecology and life history of giant pangolins. Pangolins are the only mammals with overlapping keratinous scales covering the body as dermal armour. Figure 1. Taking measurement on a female Giant The steep rise in demand for harvested pangolin scales Pangolin (Smutsia gigantea) captured in Wongua is driven by their use in traditional medicines in Asia Wongue Presidential Reserve in Gabon; a coastal and to some extent in Africa. Now that the IUCN lists forest-savanna mosaic. all four Asian pangolin species as endangered or critically endangered, intensive poaching has increased in the four vulnerable and decreasing African species, with 46.8 tonnes of scales being confiscated in the first Overview half of 2019.
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Pangolin Conservation Action Plan for Nepal (2018-2022)
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Pangolin-Id-Guide-Rast-English.Pdf
COURTESY OF LISA HYWOOD / TIKKI HYWOOD FOUNDATION PANGOLIN SPECIES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE: A RAPID ASSESSMENT TOOL FOR FIELD AND DESK Citation: Cota-Larson, R. 2017. Pangolin Species Identification Guide: A Rapid Assessment Tool for Field and Desk. Prepared for the United States Agency for International Development. Bangkok: USAID Wildlife Asia Activity. Available online at: http://www.usaidwildlifeasia.org/resources. Cover: Ground Pangolin (Smutsia temminckii). Photo: Lisa Hywood/Tikki Hywood Foundation For hard copies, please contact: USAID Wildlife Asia, 208 Wireless Road, Unit 406 Lumpini, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330 Thailand Tel: +66 20155941-3, Email: [email protected] About USAID Wildlife Asia The USAID Wildlife Asia Activity works to address wildlife trafficking as a transnational crime. The project aims to reduce consumer demand for wildlife parts and products, strengthen law enforcement, enhance legal and political commitment, and support regional collaboration to reduce wildlife crime in Southeast Asia, particularly Cambodia; Laos; Thailand; Vietnam, and China. Species focus of USAID Wildlife Asia include elephant, rhinoceros, tiger, and pangolin. For more information, please visit www.usaidwildlifeasia.org Disclaimer The author’s views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. ANSAR KHAN / LIFE LINE FOR NATURE SOCIETY CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 2 HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE 2 INTRODUCTION TO PANGOLINS 3 RANGE MAPS 4 SPECIES SUMMARIES 6 HEADS AND PROFILES 10 SCALE DISTRIBUTION 12 FEET 14 TAILS 16 SCALE SAMPLES 18 SKINS 22 PANGOLIN PRODUCTS 24 END NOTES 28 REGIONAL RESCUE CENTER CONTACT INFORMATION 29 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS TECHNICAL ADVISORS: Lisa Hywood (Tikki Hywood Foundation) and Quyen Vu (Education for Nature-Vietnam) COPY EDITORS: Andrew W.
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In the Kimbi-Fungom National Park, North West Region, Cameroon
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2019; 7(6): 71-78 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 Abundance and distribution of pangolins (Manis JEZS 2019; 7(6): 71-78 © 2019 JEZS spp.) in the kimbi-fungom national park, North Received: 16-09-2019 Accepted: 20-10-2019 West Region, Cameroon TSI Evaristus Angwafo 1. Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agronomy and TSI Evaristus Angwafo, Ngong Kenneth Kaimo, Mvo Denis Chuo and Agricultural Sciences (FASA), Woyu Hans Berinyuy P. O. Box 222 Dschang, University of Dschang, Cameroon Abstract 2. Department of Fundamental This research was carried out in 2017 and the general objective was to contribute to the conservation of Science Higher Technical Pangolins in their remaining stronghold habitats in the Kimbi-Fungom National Park (K-FNP). The Teacher Training College methodology employed for data collection of bio-indicators signs was “recce” walk. A total effort of 22.5 (H.T.T.T.C.) P.O. Box 39 km was walked. Results identified three species of pangolins; Phataginus tetradactyla, Smutsia Bambili University of gigantean and Phataginus tricuspis. The encounter rate (ER) of pangolins gave 0.97 sign per km with the Bamenda – Cameroon highest number of signs observed in the Northern regions of the Park. The mean ER of anthropogenic activities gave 1.1 sign per km with hunting as the most preponderant with an E.R of 1.87 sign per km. Ngong Kenneth Kaimo Encounter Rate of anthropogenic activities plotted against those of pangolin gave a coefficient of Department of Forestry, Faculty 2 of Agronomy and Agricultural determination (R ) = 0.096 indicating that 9.6% of pangolin distribution was accounted for by human Sciences (FASA), P.
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Aerial Surveillance
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Division of International Conservation Africa Regional Program FY 2017 Summary of Projects In FY 2017, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) awarded funding to 25 projects totaling $15,170,086 through the Africa Regional Program, which was matched by $13,717,937 in additional leveraged funds. Unless otherwise noted, all projects were funded through the Central Africa Regional Program for the Environment (CARPE). Field projects in eight countries (in alphabetical order below) and several regional projects in multiple countries were supported. Modifications to Existing Cooperative Agreeements and Grants CAMEROON AFR1413 Grant # F14AP00533 Scholarships, technical, and institutional capacity building at Garoua Wildlife College, Cameroon, Phase II. In partnership with Ecole de Faune de Garoua (Garoua Wildlife College). This modification supports the fourth year of this five-year cooperative agreement. Activities include: (1) scholarships for selected staff of Central African national parks and non- governmental organizations to earn diplomas in wildlife management at Garoua Wildlife College; and (2) support for Garoua Wildlife College faculty to improve their understanding and practice of the implementation of the Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and to incorporate emerging threats to wildlife into the College’s curriculum. USFWS: $168,6601 Leveraged Funds: $36,500 DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO (DRC) AFR0195 Grant # F13AP00859 Building a self-sustaining
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Pangolin Conservation Educational Kit Prepared by Nirjala Raut Chinese Pangolin Indian Pangolin BS 2072 (2015/016 AD) Why this book is important Pangolin is one of the protected wildlife species in Nepal. There is however little knowledge about the species. Also, the species is facing a harsh habitat condition for its existence. The community forests have emerged as better habitat for the pangolin after the conservation of forests by the community people. At this time, the dissemination of knowledge about pangolin among the community people would be an appropriate conservation strategy. Therefore this manual about pangolin has been produced which could be used by the community people at local level. The local level field staffs concerned about the conservation of pangolin could also use this manual which provides the basic knowledge about the behaviour, habitat, conservation status and other relevant information about the species. Students of forestry science may also find the manual useful. This manual will fill up a gap of information about the pangolin and will create awareness in the community level and could be a useful guide for the conservation of this vulnerable species. -Nirjala Raut Acknowledge Many thanks are due to Rufford Foundation for providing the grants to undertake a study on pangolin in Rani Community Forest User Group, Makawanpur, Nepal and to prepare this manual. Authors are thankful to Professor in wildlife, Shankar Prasad Lakhey, and Lecturer Mr. Krishna Prasad Dahal and Raj Babu Pahari , Institute of Forestry, Hetauda Campus, Hetauda, Nepal for providing valuable suggestions and support during preparation of this manual. The assistance and collaboration of the members of Rani Community Forest User Group and the respondents of the survey is also greatly acknowledged.
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