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Author's Edition Author's edition Copyright © 2018 by the authors Published by Materials Research Forum LLC Millersville, PA 17551, USA All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of the publisher. Published as part of the book series Materials Research Foundations Volume 31 (2018) ISSN 2471-8890 (Print) ISSN 2471-8904 (Online) Print ISBN 978-1-945291-68-5 ePDF ISBN 978-1-945291-69-2 This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Distributed worldwide by Materials Research Forum LLC 105 Springdale Lane Millersville, PA 17551 USA http://www.mrforum.com Manufactured in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Table of Contents Preface Chapter 1 Synthesis and Characterisation of Magnetoelectric Ceramic Composites based on M-type Strontium and Barium Hexagonal Ferrites and Barium Titanate ......................................................... 1 Chapter 2 Tuning the Magnetic Properties of M-type Hexaferrites ............ 49 Chapter 3 Influence of (Glycine/Nitrate) Ratio on Structural and the Magnetic Properties of Gd3Fe5O12 ............................................. 101 Chapter 4 Structural and Magnetic Properties of Vanadium Substituted SrM and Europium Substituted BaM Hexaferrites ................... 113 Chapter 5 Synthesis and Investigation of Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Cobalt Substituted Lithium Nano Ferrites ........... 133 Chapter 6 Influence of an Anionic Surfactant Addition on the Structural, Microstructural, Magnetic and Dielectric Properties of Strontium-Copper Hexaferrites ............................ 162 Chapter 7 Magnetic Nanoparticles: Fabrication, Properties and Applications ........................................................................ 184 Chapter 8 Structural, Magnetic and Dielectric Properties of Aluminum Cobalt Substituted M-type Strontium Hexaferrites ................... 216 Chapter 9 Soft Ferrite: A Brief Review on Structural, Magnetic Behavior of Nanosize Spinel Ferrites ........................ 239 Keywords ............................................................................................................. 261 About the editors .................................................................................................. 262 Materials Research Foundations Vol. 5 Chapter 8 Structural, Magnetic and Dielectric Properties of Aluminum Cobalt Substituted M type Strontium Hexaferrites − Chetna C. Chauhan1,a, Rajshree B. Jotania2,b, Charanjeet Singh Sandhu3,c 1Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad – 382 481, Gujarat, India 2Department of Physics, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad – 380 009, Gujarat, India 3Department of Electronics and Communications, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar–411 001, Punjab, India [email protected],[email protected],[email protected] Abstract SrCoxAlxFe(12-2x)O19 (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0) hexaferrites have been synthesized using a simple heat treatment method and characterized using various instrumental techniques such as FTIR, XRD, SEM, VSM and dielectric measurements. The XRD analysis reveals the formation of mixed phases of M-type hexaferrite and α-Fe2O3. The crystallite size is found in the range of 24-46 nm. The micrographs of typical samples show porous and agglomerated grains. The values of Ms, Mr, Hc decreased with the increase of Co–Al content. The values of the dielectric constant, tangent loss, AC conductivity and dielectric modulus were studied as a function of frequency. Keywords Strontium Hexaferrite, XRD, Saturation Magnetization, Coercivity, Dielectric Loss Tangent Contents 1. Introduction ............................................................................................217 2. Experimental procedure .......................................................................218 3. Results and discussion ...........................................................................218 3.1 FTIR analysis ...................................................................................218 216 Magnetic Oxides and Composites 3.2 Phase identification ..........................................................................219 3.3 Morphological studies .....................................................................222 3.4 Magnetic properties .........................................................................222 3.4 Frequency dependent dielectric properties ......................................225 Conclusions .......................................................................................................231 Acknowledgements ...........................................................................................232 References .........................................................................................................232 1. Introduction M type strontium hexaferrite possesses a magnetoplumbite structure and is the prominent magnetic material due to its distinct magnetic properties such as high Curie temperature,− a large value of magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant, high permeability, excellent chemical stability and corrosion resistance [1–4]. The crystal structure of M-type hexagonal ferrite can be considered as a superposition of spinel and hexagonal +2 -2 3+ layers of Fe6O8 and MFe6O11 , it has 24 Fe ions per unit cell, that are distributed among five different interstitial sites: three octahedral sites 12k, 2a and 4f2, one tetrahedral site 4f1 and one trigonalbipyramidal site 2b. The 12k, 2a and 2b sites have up spins; while 4f1 and 4f2 sites have down spins because of the ferromagnetic coupling occurring due to the decrease in the distance of Fe–O–Fe and the angle between Fe–O–Fe approaching towards 180º [5]. The Fe ions at the 2b site provide the largest positive contribution to magnetocrystalline anisotropy, while those at the 4f1, 4f2, 2a sites provide medium to weak positive contributions, and a negative contribution is provided by Fe ions at the 12k site [6]. These magnetic materials find a vital role for the applications in microwave devices and electromagnetic wave absorber [7-8]. Strontium hexaferrite can be prepared by a variety of methods [9] like coprecipitation [10], microemulsion [11], conventional ceramic [12], and sol-gel [13]. The properties of hexagonal ferrites can be tuned by substituting cations during the synthesis. Hexagonal ferrites substituted with an appropriate proportion of ions can change structural, magnetic and dielectric properties of materials. The magnetic properties of strontium ferrite can be improved by substituting ferric ions with other suitable ions, such as Pb+2 [14], Cr+3 [15], +2 +3 +2 +3 Cu [16] Al [17-18] etc. It was reported that low level Co –Al substitution led to a greater control over magnetic parameters (Ms, Mr, Hc) in SrFe12-x-yAlxCoyO19 (x = 1.0 - 4.0, and y = 0.0 -2.0) series [19]. Jasbir Singh et al. [20] have studied tunable microwave absorptions in Co-Al substituted Ba-Sr hexaferrites and concluded that synthesized 217 Materials Research Foundations Vol. 5 materials have potential as microwave absorbers. The Coercivity value has been enhanced by Al- substitution for Fe ions compared to pure M-type strontium hexaferrite [21]. In the present chapter, we report the effect of Co+2–Al+3 substitution on structural, morphological, magnetic and dielectric properties of SrCoxAlxFe(12-2x)O19 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) hexaferrites, prepared using a simple heat treatment technique. 2. Experimental procedure The simple heat treatment method was used to prepare SrCoxAlxFe(12-2x)O19 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) hexaferrite samples. Stoichiometric proportion of strontium nitrate–Sr(NO3)2·6H2O ( ≥ 99.0 % pure, Sigma–Aldrich), iron (III) nitrate –Fe(NO3)3·9H2O ( ≥ 99.0 % pure, Sigma–Aldrich), aluminium nitrate nonahydrate– Al(NO3)3·9H2O (99.99 % pure, Sigma–Aldrich) and cobalt (II) nitrate hexahydrate–Co(NO3)2·6H2O (ACS reagent, ≥ 98 % pure, Sigma–Aldrich) (all AR grade) were dissolved in deionized water separately. An aqueous solution of Polyvinylpyrrolidone–(C6H9NO)n (PVP 40, Sigma–Aldrich) was prepared separately in 100 ml of deionized water. As prepared solution of strontium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, aluminium nitrate and iron (III) nitrate was added one by one into the PVP 40 solution and stirred continuously for 2 h on a magnetic stirrer. The pH of the solution obtained was kept at 2. The mixed solution was heated to 80º C in order to evaporate the water content. The resulting dark orange brown solid was crushed for 15 min and heated at 650º C for 3 h to obtain the final product. 3. Results and discussion 3.1 FTIR analysis FTIR spectra of all samples were recorded at room temperature using an FTIR spectrometer (Bruker Tensor 27 Model). Fig. 1 represents the FTIR spectra of SrCoxAlxFe(12-2x)O19 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) hexaferrites in the wave number range between 4000 -1 -1 cm to 400 cm . The FTIR spectra for all samples show two absorption bands
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