DOCSLIB.ORG

The Probable Maximum Flood at the Ukai and Lakhwar Dam Sites in India

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Probable Maximum Flood at the Ukai and Lakhwar Dam Sites in India The Extremes of lite Extremes: Extraordinaiy Floods (Proceedings of a symposium held at Reykjavik. Iceland. July 2000). I A! IS Publ. no. 271. 2002. 283 The probable maximum flood at the Ukai and Lakhwar dam sites in India P. R. RAKHECHA* & C. CLARK CHRS, Shttte Lane, Bntlon. Somerset, UK e-mail: colin [email protected] Abstract The design of impounding sfructures where failure would lead to catastrophic loss of life requires an estimate of the probable maximum flood. In India there are over 3000 dams and more are being built and planned to meet the needs for water supply, power, and irrigation. Recently, revised estimates of probable maximum precipitation have been published. These new estimates are used in conjunction with instantaneous unit hydrographs (IUH) to assess the safety of two dam sites: the Lakhwar dam on the Yamuna River, and the Ukai dam on the Tapi River. The results show that at the first site the outflow exceeded the design value of the spillway by a factor of 2.27, while at the second site the ratio was 2.25. The IUH results are supported by flood frequency analyses using a modified Gumbel scale and also results derived from the Rational method. These outcomes illustrate that in India more attention to dam safety is a dire need for the future. Key words dam safely; probable maximum precipitation; flood frequency INTRODUCTION Although it is well known that hydrology is an inexact science, there has not always been nearly enough care taken in the estimation of design floods of dam spillways. This sentiment was echoed by Back (1990) when he wrote: "The criteria governing the design of dams can frequently be very imprecise and designing safety into dams must recognize this". The need for a robust estimate of the probable maximum flood (PMF) is nowhere more acute than in India where several catastrophic dam failures have taken place (Rakhecha & Mandai, 1983; CBIP, 1993). In India there are over 3000 dams and more are being constructed to develop water resources for the growing population. In the past, estimates of the PMF have been made by using estimates of probable maximum precipitation (PMP) via statistical methods (HTM, 1989). The reliance of spillway design upon one or perhaps two closely related techniques, coupled with a lack of a big data set has led to many revisions of the design floods at dam sites, e.g. Purohit et al. (1993). Indeed, Lemperiere (1993) showed on a global scale that about 40% of all dam failures are due to inadequate spillway capacity. Recently, attempts have been made to revise existing estimates of PMP in the tropics in general (Collier & Hardaker, 1995) and in India in particular (Rakhecha & Clark, 1999a, 2000), and an atlas showing 1-, 2-, and 3-day PMP has been published (Rakhecha & Clark, 1999b). By using these new estimates of PMP, the PMF of selected drainage basins, which included a dam, were estimated. All of the estimates were in "Now at: Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, India; e-mail: p [email protected] 284 P. R. Rakhecha & C. Clark Fig. 1 Location of the Lakhwar and Ukai dam sites. excess of existing values (Rakhecha & Clark, 2000). This paper applies the revised estimates of PMP to estimate the PMF at two dam sites (Fig. 1). The first site, which is currently under construction, is the Lakhwar dam on the Yamuna River in Uttar Pradesh. The Yamuna River at the Lakhwar dam drains an area of 2080 km" in the mountainous region of Uttar Pradesh, and the design capacity of its spillway is 8000 mJ s"1. The second is the Ukai dam, which is located on the Tapi River in Gujarat and was completed in 1972. The Tapi River basin is mainly located in Maharashtra State and enters Gujarat State in its lower reaches; it drains an area of 62 224 km" above the Ukai dam. ESTIMATION OF THE PMF AT THE DAM SITES Three basic methods are used in this study. The first three methods involve estimating the PMP and then converting this into the PMF by means of equation (1) the unit hydrograph method, and equation (2) the Rational method, respectively. Estimation of the PMP was achieved by using the transposition and in situ maximization of historic storms over the period 1880-1982 (WMO, 1986). The storm rainfall was maximized according to the following method: Mr ain = (Mpw/Spw) R ( 1 ) where R = storm rainfall, Mpw = maximum precipitable water at the time of the storm, Spw = precipitable water ofthe storm and Mr ain = maximized rain. The third method estimates the PMF from the annual maximum flood series by using the modified Gumbel scale and probability weighted regression (Rakhecha & Clark, 1999a). In this scale the relationship: log Y = a log T+c (2) where T = the return period, Y = reduced variate is linear throughout the return period ranging from 1.1 to 1 000 000 years (Rakhecha & Clark, 1999a, p.346). In using these methods consistency in the result is important, but where consistency is not as high as is desired, reasons for the discrepancies should be determined if a single design figure is to be credible. Furthermore, due regard should be given to future changes in land use and climatic variability which may not have been adequately sampled in the data set on severe storms. The probable maximum flood at the Ukai and Lakhwar dam sites in India 285 Lakhwar dam site Rakhecha & Clark (1999b) give the 1-day PMP for this area as 110 cm. A duration of one day is based on the observed time to peak of severe floods in the area (Jain et al., 1986). The storm profile was based on the severe rainstorms which have occurred in the area (CBIP, 1993) and the IUH method was used to estimate the PMF. Table 1 shows the results where a value of 18 700 m3 s"1 is given. The same storm data are also used in the Rational equation which gives a slightly lower result. Analysis of the flood flow data show a PMF of 12 000 mJ s"' (Fig. 2), which although even lower is still within 50% of the highest value. Bearing in mind the relatively short duration of the flood data of 20 years this result is well within the expected range of values, where the 1% confidence limit at the PMF is 2466 m3 s"1. Table 1 Estimates of the PMF (nr s"') at the Lakhwar and Ukai dam sites. Ukai Lakhwar Flood frequency analysis 102 600 12 100 Rational method 105 700 14 000 IUH using storm profile 100 700 18 700 Ukai dam site This drainage basin is over 30 times larger than the Lakhwar dam site. Shenoy et al. (1969) mention historic floods since 1727 but they do not use these data to estimate the PMF, possibly because of the 50-year gap in records after 1876. Hydraulic calculations showed that the response time for the basin is about three days. Figure 3 shows the areal variation of 3-day PMP which when corrected for the areal reduction in rainfall gives a 3-day value of 556 mm. This result is based on daily observations and is increased by a factor of 1.13 (WMO, 1986) to reflect the difference between the 72-h rainfall as compared with the 3-day depth of rainfall. Before the dam was completed in 1972, the largest flood was produced by a 260-mm rainfall event over three days. This event was used to calibrate both the IUH and the Rational method. Table 1 shows the results wherein there is a good degree of consistency. Flood frequency analysis is shown in Fig. 2 which results in a comparable estimate of the PMF. Only discharges with a return period in excess of three years were analysed because of the change in slope of the flood frequency curve due to the large flood-plain storage in the basin. COMPARISON WITH OTHER FLOODS IN INDIA It is vital to compare estimates of the PMF to judge both their consistency with existing data and their credibility for use in design. Figure 4 shows some examples of this approach together with the preferred estimate of the PMF for the two example sites. The new results for both examples are close to previous estimates at other sites and are also comparable with recorded extreme floods. Also included on the diagram 286 P. R. Rakhecha & C Clark RETURN PERIOD (YEARS) 1.01 « 2 5 10 20 50 100 10? 104 10 1Q6 1 P ' ' r-r-i 1 1—r-n 1 1 1 1 1—1 r—I 1 0.11 — 1 -1 0123456789 Fig. 2 Flood frequency for the Tapi River and Yamuna River. are the values for the existing spillway design flows at the same two sites. These are considerably lower than recorded floods, partly because of the effects of reservoir routing but mainly because of the low value of PMP. For the Lakhwar site (Jain et al, 1986) gave a value of 6300 mJ s1 for the standard project flood which is nearly 20% higher than their estimate of PMF. 240 .-y 160 N t V>-* * 130 l.-'j 0 '--'IOO km 200 140 Fig. 3 Spatial variation of 3-day PMP (cm) over the Tapi River basin. The probable maximum flood at the Ukai and Lakhwar dam sites in India 287 100 oPMF ' • Recorded flood A PMF this paper »-Design flow 1 •4- o '100 1000 10000 100000 * Basin area (km2) Fig. 4 Rates of runoff in relation to drainage basin area.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Table of Contents
    Table of Contents Acknowledgements xi Foreword xii I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY XIV II. INTRODUCTION 20 A. The Context of the SoE Process 20 B. Objectives of an SoE 21 C. The SoE for Uttaranchal 22 D. Developing the framework for the SoE reporting 22 Identification of priorities 24 Data collection Process 24 Organization of themes 25 III. FROM ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 34 A. Introduction 34 B. Driving forces and pressures 35 Liberalization 35 The 1962 War with China 39 Political and administrative convenience 40 C. Millennium Eco System Assessment 42 D. Overall Status 44 E. State 44 F. Environments of Concern 45 Land and the People 45 Forests and biodiversity 45 Agriculture 46 Water 46 Energy 46 Urbanization 46 Disasters 47 Industry 47 Transport 47 Tourism 47 G. Significant Environmental Issues 47 Nature Determined Environmental Fragility 48 Inappropriate Development Regimes 49 Lack of Mainstream Concern as Perceived by Communities 49 Uttaranchal SoE November 2004 Responses: Which Way Ahead? 50 H. State Environment Policy 51 Institutional arrangements 51 Issues in present arrangements 53 Clean Production & development 54 Decentralization 63 IV. LAND AND PEOPLE 65 A. Introduction 65 B. Geological Setting and Physiography 65 C. Drainage 69 D. Land Resources 72 E. Soils 73 F. Demographical details 74 Decadal Population growth 75 Sex Ratio 75 Population Density 76 Literacy 77 Remoteness and Isolation 77 G. Rural & Urban Population 77 H. Caste Stratification of Garhwalis and Kumaonis 78 Tribal communities 79 I. Localities in Uttaranchal 79 J. Livelihoods 82 K. Women of Uttaranchal 84 Increased workload on women – Case Study from Pindar Valley 84 L.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter-1 Introduction
    CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION 1.0 Background Lakhwar Project is a part of multipurpose scheme primarily a peaking power station on river Yamuna in the district of Dehradun in Uttarakhand. The scheme envisages construction of 204m high concrete dam on river Yamuna near Lohari village. The Multipurpose scheme also envisages construction of Vyasi HEP (Hathiari power station) downstream of Lakhwar HEP. The scheme also includes construction of a barrage at Katapathar about 3 Km downstream of Hathiari powerhouse station (Vyasi HEP) on river Yamuna. The inflow and stored water in Lakhwar and Vyasi reservoir after generation of power at Lakhwar underground power house and Hathiari power house will be balanced at Katapathar barrage for downstream use. As a result of regulated flow from the Katapathar barrage, it is also assessed that about 75 MU of additional energy would be generated from the existing downstream projects of Uttarakhand state such as Dhakrani, Dhalipur, Kulhal and Khara. The live storage of Lakhwar reservoir is estimated to be 330.66 MCum. The project was originally approved by planning commission with estimated cost of Rs. 140.97 crores in Jan, 1976 as multipurpose scheme. Environmental clearance was accorded to the project by MOE&F in Feb, 1987. The initial work of Lakhwar Vyasi Project was started in 1979 and three major contracts for construction of main civil works of the project were signed in July, 1987. Some construction works such as abutment stripping for Lakhwar dam, construction of 2 nos. diversion tunnels, part excavation of underground powerhouse, part excavation of tail race tunnel etc at Lakhwar site and abutment stripping for Vyasi dam, excavation of head race tunnel, diversion channel, part excavation of 1-1 surge shaft, pressure shaft, surface powerhouse, etc at Vyasi/ Hathiari site have been completed.
    [Show full text]
  • National Ganga River Basin Authority (Ngrba)
    NATIONAL GANGA RIVER BASIN AUTHORITY (NGRBA) Public Disclosure Authorized (Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India) Public Disclosure Authorized Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Public Disclosure Authorized Volume I - Environmental and Social Analysis March 2011 Prepared by Public Disclosure Authorized The Energy and Resources Institute New Delhi i Table of Contents Executive Summary List of Tables ............................................................................................................... iv Chapter 1 National Ganga River Basin Project ....................................................... 6 1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 6 1.2 Ganga Clean up Initiatives ........................................................................... 6 1.3 The Ganga River Basin Project.................................................................... 7 1.4 Project Components ..................................................................................... 8 1.4.1.1 Objective ...................................................................................................... 8 1.4.1.2 Sub Component A: NGRBA Operationalization & Program Management 9 1.4.1.3 Sub component B: Technical Assistance for ULB Service Provider .......... 9 1.4.1.4 Sub-component C: Technical Assistance for Environmental Regulator ... 10 1.4.2.1 Objective ...................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Indian Society of Engineering Geology
    Indian Society of Engineering Geology Indian National Group of International Association of Engineering Geology and the Environment www.isegindia.org List of all Titles of Papers, Abstracts, Speeches, etc. (Published since the Society’s inception in 1965) November 2012 NOIDA Inaugural Edition (All Publications till November 2012) November 2012 For Reprints, write to: [email protected] (Handling Charges may apply) Compiled and Published By: Yogendra Deva Secretary, ISEG With assistance from: Dr Sushant Paikarai, Former Geologist, GSI Mugdha Patwardhan, ICCS Ltd. Ravi Kumar, ICCS Ltd. CONTENTS S.No. Theme Journal of ISEG Proceedings Engineering Special 4th IAEG Geology Publication Congress Page No. 1. Buildings 1 46 - 2. Construction Material 1 46 72 3. Dams 3 46 72 4. Drilling 9 52 73 5. Geophysics 9 52 73 6. Landslide 10 53 73 7. Mapping/ Logging 15 56 74 8. Miscellaneous 16 57 75 9. Powerhouse 28 64 85 10. Seismicity 30 66 85 11. Slopes 31 68 87 12. Speech/ Address 34 68 - 13. Testing 35 69 87 14. Tunnel 37 69 88 15. Underground Space 41 - - 16. Water Resources 42 71 - Notes: 1. Paper Titles under Themes have been arranged by Paper ID. 2. Search for Paper by Project Name, Author, Location, etc. is possible using standard PDF tools (Visit www.isegindia.org for PDF version). Journal of Engineering Geology BUILDINGS S.No.1/ Paper ID.JEGN.1: “Excessive settlement of a building founded on piles on a River bank”. ISEG Jour. Engg. Geol. Vol.1, No.1, Year 1966. Author(s): Brahma, S.P. S.No.2/ Paper ID.JEGN.209: “Geotechnical and ecologial parameters in the selection of buildings sites in hilly region”.
    [Show full text]
  • Dams of India.Cdr
    eBook IMPORTANT DAMS OF INDIA List of state-wise important dams of India and their respective rivers List of Important Dams in India Volume 1(2017) Dams are an important part of the Static GK under the General Awareness section of Bank and Government exams. In the following eBook, we have provided a state-wise list of all the important Dams in India along with their respective rivers to help you with your Bank and Government exam preparation. Here’s a sample question: In which state is the Koyna Dam located? a. Gujarat b. Maharashtra c. Sikkim d. Himachal Pradesh Answer: B Learning the following eBook might just earn you a brownie point in your next Bank and Government exam. Banking & REGISTER FOR A Government Banking MBA Government Exam 2017 Free All India Test 2 oliveboard www.oliveboard.in List of Important Dams in India Volume 1(2017) LIST OF IMPORTANT DAMS IN INDIA Andhra Pradesh NAME OF THE DAM RIVER Nagarjuna Sagar Dam (also in Telangana) Krishna Somasila Dam Penna Srisailam Dam (also in Telangana) Krishna Arunachal Pradesh NAME OF THE DAM RIVER Ranganadi Dam Ranganadi Bihar NAME OF THE DAM 2 RIVER Nagi Dam Nagi Chhattisgarh NAME OF THE DAM RIVER Minimata (Hasdeo) Bango Dam Hasdeo Gujarat NAME OF THE DAM RIVER Kadana Dam Mahi Karjan Dam Karjan Sardar Sarover Dam Narmada Ukai Dam Tapi 3 oliveboard www.oliveboard.in List of Important Dams in India Volume 1(2017) Himachal Pradesh NAME OF THE DAM RIVER Bhakra Dam Sutlej Chamera I Dam Ravi Kishau Dam Tons Koldam Dam Sutlej Nathpa Jhakri Dam Sutlej Pong Dam Beas Jammu & Kashmir NAME
    [Show full text]
  • Upper Yamuna River Board
    Ministry of Jal Shakti Department of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation UPPER YAMUNA RIVER BOARD Upper Yamuna River Board, West Block-I, Wing-4, Ground Floor, R.K. Puram, New Delhi – 110 066 Upper Yamuna River Board 01 PREMBLE The States of Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh and National Capital Territory of Delhi having their geographical areas in the Yamuna basin uptoOkhla signed a Memorandum of Understanding on 12 May, 1994 regarding allocation of surface flow of Yamuna upto Okhla wherein clause 7(iii) provides that the allocation of available flows amongst the beneficiary States will be regulated by the Upper Yamuna River Board within the overall framework of the agreement. Accordingly, Ministry of Jal Shakti having recognized the need for co-ordinated development and management of Yamuna river upto Okhla and with a view to achieve optimal utilization of waters of river Yamuna upto and including Okhla, maintaining the ecology of the river and supply of water to the Basin States constituted Upper Yamuna River Board (UYRB), by Resolution dated 11th March, 1995. UYRB is a subordinate office of Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR) having its Headquarters presently situated at R.K. Puram, New Delhi. This Charter is a declaration of its responsibilities, standards and commitment to achieve excellence in formulation and implementation of policies and procedures in the field of Water Resources Development & Management. VISION OF UYRB To achieve optimal utilization of waters of river Yamuna upto Okhla, maintaining the ecology of the river and supply of water to the Basin States as per MoU dated 12th May, 1994.
    [Show full text]
  • Report on Women and Water
    SUMMARY Water has become the most commercial product of the 21st century. This may sound bizarre, but true. In fact, what water is to the 21st century, oil was to the 20th century. The stress on the multiple water resources is a result of a multitude of factors. On the one hand, the rapidly rising population and changing lifestyles have increased the need for fresh water. On the other hand, intense competitions among users-agriculture, industry and domestic sector is pushing the ground water table deeper. To get a bucket of drinking water is a struggle for most women in the country. The virtually dry and dead water resources have lead to acute water scarcity, affecting the socio- economic condition of the society. The drought conditions have pushed villagers to move to cities in search of jobs. Whereas women and girls are trudging still further. This time lost in fetching water can very well translate into financial gains, leading to a better life for the family. If opportunity costs were taken into account, it would be clear that in most rural areas, households are paying far more for water supply than the often-normal rates charged in urban areas. Also if this cost of fetching water which is almost equivalent to 150 million women day each year, is covered into a loss for the national exchequer it translates into a whopping 10 billion rupees per year The government has accorded the highest priority to rural drinking water for ensuring universal access as a part of policy framework to achieve the goal of reaching the unreached.
    [Show full text]
  • Ganga River Basin Management Plan - 2015
    Ganga River Basin Management Plan - 2015 Mission 3: Ecological Restoration January 2015 by Consortium of 7 “Indian Institute of Technology”s (IITs) IIT IIT IIT IIT IIT IIT IIT Bombay Delhi Guwahati Kanpur Kharagpur Madras Roorkee In Collaboration with IIT IIT CIFRI NEERI JNU PU NIT-K DU BHU Gandhinagar NIH ISI Allahabad WWF Roorkee Kolkata University India GRBMP Work Structure ii Preface In exercise of the powers conferred by sub-sections (1) and (3) of Section 3 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (29 of 1986), the Central Government constituted the National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) as a planning, financing, monitoring and coordinating authority for strengthening the collective efforts of the Central and State Government for effective abatement of pollution and conservation of River Ganga. One of the important functions of the NGRBA is to prepare and implement a Ganga River Basin Management Plan (GRBMP). A Consortium of seven “Indian Institute of Technology”s (IITs) was given the responsibility of preparing the GRBMP by the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), GOI, New Delhi. A Memorandum of Agreement (MoA) was therefore signed between the 7 IITs (IITs Bombay, Delhi, Guwahati, Kanpur, Kharagpur, Madras and Roorkee) and MoEF for this purpose on July 6, 2010. The GRBMP is presented as a 3-tier set of documents. The three tiers comprise of: (i) Thematic Reports (TRs) providing inputs for different Missions, (ii) Mission Reports (MRs) documenting the requirements and actions for specific missions, and (iii) the Main Plan Document (MPD) synthesizing background information with the main conclusions and recommendations emanating from the Thematic and Mission Reports.
    [Show full text]
  • 3 Overview of Landslide in India
    A SELECTED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY AND BIBLIOGRAPHY ON LANDSLIDES IN INDIA Compiled by Surya Parkash and Anil Kathait NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India 5-B, I.P. Estate, M.G. Road New Delhi – 110 002 Table of Contents S. No. Content Page No. Foreword ii Preface iii Acknowledgement iv 1. Background 1 2. About Landslides 2 3. Overview of Landslides in India 5 4. Annotated Bibliography 9 5. Bibliography 87 6. List of Publications / Periodicals related to landslides 109 7. Web links for landslide publications 111 8. Glossary 113 9. Index 115 i Foreword The document on “A Selected Annotated Bibliography and Bibliography on Landslides in India” is prepared to provide a source of inventory for those who are interested in the landslide subject or willing to do research on it. It is a compilation of the available literature and research work pursued on Indian landslides. American Psychological Association (APA) citation style, one of the most used citation method is used for the referring the research work. The annotated bibliography and bibliography are placed in alphabetical order. The document has been formulated by Dr. Surya Parkash, Associate Professor, NIDM. It is divided in two parts: annotated bibliography and bibliography. Annotated bibliography is provided with the summary of the research work carried by the researcher. NIDM acknowledges the valuable support from all resource persons and institutes for providing technical inputs on the document and reviewing the same at various stages of preparation and publication. ii Preface The contemplation of available literature or research work carried out on any subject facilitates in understanding that particular subject.
    [Show full text]
  • GAYATRI's I N S T I T U T E 1St Puliya C.H.B, Main Chopasni Road, Jodhpur. 9119119781 Page 1
    Number Square Cube Square Root Cubic Root Number Square Cube Square Root Cubic Root x2 x3 x1/2 x1/3 x2 x3 x1/2 x1/3 1 1 1 1.000 1.000 61 3721 226981 7.810 3.936 2 4 8 1.414 1.260 62 3844 238328 7.874 3.958 3 9 27 1.732 1.442 63 3969 250047 7.937 3.979 4 16 64 2.000 1.587 64 4096 262144 8.000 4.000 5 25 125 2.236 1.710 65 4225 274625 8.062 4.021 6 36 216 2.449 1.817 66 4356 287496 8.124 4.041 7 49 343 2.646 1.913 67 4489 300763 8.185 4.062 8 64 512 2.828 2.000 68 4624 314432 8.246 4.082 9 81 729 3.000 2.080 69 4761 328509 8.307 4.102 10 100 1000 3.162 2.154 70 4900 343000 8.367 4.121 11 121 1331 3.317 2.224 71 5041 357911 8.426 4.141 12 144 1728 3.464 2.289 72 5184 373248 8.485 4.160 13 169 2197 3.606 2.351 73 5329 389017 8.544 4.179 14 196 2744 3.742 2.410 74 5476 405224 8.602 4.198 15 225 3375 3.873 2.466 75 5625 421875 8.660 4.217 16 256 4096 4.000 2.520 76 5776 438976 8.718 4.236 17 289 4913 4.123 2.571 77 5929 456533 8.775 4.254 18 324 5832 4.243 2.621 78 6084 474552 8.832 4.273 19 361 6859 4.359 2.668 79 6241 493039 8.888 4.291 20 400 8000 4.472 2.714 80 6400 512000 8.944 4.309 21 441 9261 4.583 2.759 81 6561 531441 9.000 4.327 22 484 10648 4.690 2.802 82 6724 551368 9.055 4.344 23 529 12167 4.796 2.844 83 6889 571787 9.110 4.362 24 576 13824 4.899 2.884 84 7056 592704 9.165 4.380 25 625 15625 5.000 2.924 85 7225 614125 9.220 4.397 26 676 17576 5.099 2.962 86 7396 636056 9.274 4.414 27 729 19683 5.196 3.000 87 7569 658503 9.327 4.431 28 784 21952 5.292 3.037 88 7744 681472 9.381 4.448 29 841 24389 5.385 3.072 89 7921 704969 9.434
    [Show full text]
  • Minutes of the 4Th Meeting of the Expert Appraisal Committee for River Valley and Hydroelectric Projects Held on 02Nd December, 2020 from 11 A.M
    Minutes of the 4th Meeting of the Expert Appraisal Committee for River Valley and Hydroelectric Projects held on 02nd December, 2020 from 11 a.m. - 05:00 p.m. through video conference. In the 4th meeting of the re-constituted EAC for River Valley & Hydroelectric Projects which was held on 02/12/2020 under the Chairmanship of Dr. Uday Kumar R.Y. (Acting) in the Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change through video conference (VC). The following members participated in the video conference: 1. Dr. Uday Kumar R.Y. - Chairman (Acting) 2. Dr. N. Lakshman - Member 3. Dr. Mukesh Sharma - Member 4. Dr. Chandrahas Deshpande - Member 5. Dr. B.K. Panigrahi - Member 6. Dr. A.K. Malhotra - Member 7. Dr. Narayan Shenoy K. - Member 8. Shri Balraj Joshi - Member 9. Shri Sharvan Kumar - Representative of CEA 10. Shri A.K. Singh - Representative of CWC 11. Dr. J.A. Johnson - Representative of WII 12. Dr. A.K. Sahoo - Representative of CIFRI 13. Dr. S. Kerketta - Member Secretary Due to pre-occupation, Dr. K. Gopakumar, Dr. Vijay Kumar, Dr. A. Johnson and Dr. A.K. Sahoo couldn’t attend the meeting through video conference. Item No. 4.0 Confirmation of the minutes of 3rd EAC meeting. Item No. 3.1.5, Page 24 EAC deliberated on the information and noted EC granted on 03.10.2002 was having validity of 5 years for commissioning of the project,….. Shall be read as EAC deliberated on the information and noted EC granted on 03.10.2002 was having validity of 5 years for commencing the project construction work, ….
    [Show full text]
  • Alternative Approach for Predicting Modulus of Deformation Using Fem
    ALTERNATIVE APPROACH FOR PREDICTING MODULUS OF DEFORMATION USING FEM A DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY in CIVIL ENGINEERING (With Specialization in Geotechnical Engineering) By KALE LAKSHMI GAINESH DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE ROORKEE - 247 667 (INDIA) JUN E,, 2007 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE ROORKEE CANDIDATE'S DECLARATION I hereby certify that the work which is being presented in the dissertation entitled, "ALTERNATIVE APPROACH FOR PREDICTING MODULUS OF DEFORMATION USING FEM" in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Technology with specialization in Geotechnical Engineering, submitted in the Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, is an authentic record of my own work carried out during the period from August 2006 to June 2007 under the guidance of Prof. M. N. Viladkar, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Roorkee. The matter presented in this report has not been submitted by me for the award of any other degree of this or other Institute/ University. Date: VS-06-04 K. L .6Cx1A-Q11/4 (KALE LAKSHMI GANESH) This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate is correct to the best of my knowledge. Date: 2_c51 0 6 I 67 (M. N. VILADKAR) Professor Department of Civil Engg, IIT Roorkee Roorkee-247 667(India) ABSTRACT Modulus of deformation is an important parameter which defines the engineering behaviour of rock mass. It is generally determined by in-situ methods like Plate Loading Test, Plate Jacking Test etc.
    [Show full text]