Truck Trailer Training Guide NEW VERSION
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TRUCK, TRACTOR and TRAILER QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE Vehicle Valuation Services, Inc. 1 South 450 Summit Avenue Suite 185 Oakbrook Terrace, IL 60181 ______________ 888.475.9975 Fax: 888.475.9935 www.vvsi.com Vehicle Valuation Services, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Not To Be Reproduced. TABLE OF CONTENTS Over The Road Tractors page 4 – 8 OTR Common Components page 9 OTR Common Options page 10 – 11 Other Tractor Types page 12 – 14 Glider Kits page 15 – 16 Dump Trucks page 17 – 19 Buses page 20 – 21 Emergency Vehicles page 22 – 23 Mixers page 24 Refrigerated Trucks page 25 Refuse Packers/Recyclers page 26 – 28 Wreckers page 29 – 30 Straight Truck Overview page 31 Misc. Inter-City Work Trucks page 32 – 44 Truck Information To Note page 45 Trailer Overview page 46 – 47 Auto Transport Trailers page 48 Agricultural Trailers page 49 – 50 Construction & Heavy Hauling page 51 – 53 Dump Trailers page 54 – 55 Dry Freight Vans page 56 – 57 Intermodal Trailers page 58 Flat Bed Trailers page 59 Furniture Vans page 60 Horse Trailers page 61 Tank Trailers page 62 – 63 Miscellaneous Trailers page 64 – 66 Liftgates and Wheelchair Lifts page 67 Wheel and Tire Information page 68 – 69 Trailer Information To Note page 70 2 [Press ctrl+f to bring up search tool] Truck/Tractor OVER THE ROAD (OTR) TRACTORS Conventional Semi Tractor Basic Features Sleeper Fifth Wheel (flat top, mid roof, or high rise) (Fixed, Manual, or Air Slide) Wheels Tandem Axle (Spoke, Steel, Or Aluminum) (2 Sets of axles) 4 OVER THE ROAD (OTR) TRACTORS - cont. Conventional Semi Tractor Basic Features Air Deflector Side Fairing (Cab Extenders) Tank Fairings 5 OVER THE ROAD (OTR) TRACTORS - cont. Conventional Semi Tractor Basic Features Air Cleaners Exhaust Stacks Aluminum Fuel Tanks Aluminum Steps * Long hood length is 127”, as opposed to the 119” short hood length 6 OVER THE ROAD (OTR) TRACTORS - cont. Conventional Semi Tractor Basic Features Cab Over Engine (COE) Tractor Cab Fifth Wheel Disc (Budd) Wheels Tandem Axle 7 OVER THE ROAD (OTR) TRACTORS - cont. Flat Roof Sleeper Mid Roof Sleeper High Rise Sleeper Sleeper Interiors 8 (Penthouse/Condo) OVER THE ROAD (OTR) TRACTORS - COMPONENTS & OPTIONS Common Components • Engine: 350 to 600 HP • Transmission: 9 to 18 Speed • Axles: 3 • Drive Axles: 2 • Front Axle Rating: 12,000 lb. • Rear Axle Rating: 40,000 lb. • Cab: Air Ride • Interior: Deluxe • Sleeper (Conv): 36” to 72” • Sleeper (COE): 86” to 112” • Fuel Tanks: Dual 100 to 150 gal. Aluminum • Suspension: Air Ride or Spring • Wheels: Steel or Aluminum Disc • Tires: 11R22.5 or 11R24.5 Radial • Fifth Wheel: Air Slide 9 OVER THE ROAD (OTR) TRACTORS - COMPONENTS & OPTIONS - cont. Common Options Roof Mount Air Deflector – Aerodynamic device that sits on tractor cab. Reduces drag and increases miles per gallon. Side Fairing – Also Called Cab Extenders, these aerodynamic devices attach to the rear side Air Deflector of the cab. Side fairings reduce drag and increase miles per gallon. Tank Fairings – Aerodynamic device that attaches to lower side of cab in front of the fuel tanks. Reduces drag and increases miles per gallon. Side Fairings Full Aerodynamics – Complete Aerodynamic features (air deflector, side fairing, tank fairings) Headache Rack – Aluminum or steel board used to protect the cab from moving cargo. Driver Side Airbag – First introduced by Volvo Tank Fairings in 1994, the semi tractor driver airbag protects the driver from head-on collisions. Air Ride Cab – A truck in which the cab rests on air suspension, providing a smoother ride for the driver. Headache Rack 10 OVER THE ROAD (OTR) TRACTORS - COMPONENTS & OPTIONS - cont. Common Options Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) – An active alternative to engine idling. Increases fuel cost and decreases vehicle emissions. Commonly located near fuel tanks. Typical makes are Thermo King and Carrier. APU Fenders – May be quarter, half, or full and may also be either stainless steel, chrome, or fiberglass. Moose Bumper – These are heavy duty truck bumpers designed to minimize front end damage. Power Take Off (PTO) – Device used to bring Fenders power from source (engine) to another unit such as a trailer. These are typically accompanied by a wet line kit, which connects hydraulic hoses to a trailer. Fifth-Wheel – Coupling apparatus used to link truck to trailer. May be fixed, manual, or air slide. Grille Guard Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) – Safety system that allows wheels to maintain tractive contact with road while braking, preventing the wheels from locking up. This became standard on all over the road vehicles in 1999. Jake Brake – An engine braking mechanism which opens exhaust valves in the cylinders in Fifth-Wheel order to release trapped compressed air which slows vehicle. 11 OTHER TRACTOR TYPES Single Axle Work Tractors - Typically equipped with a 12,000lb front axle & 23,000lb rear axle. Tandem Axle Work Tractors - Typically equipped with a 12,000lb front axle & 40,000lb rear tandem axle. In extreme service, axle Single Axle Work Tractor (day cab) ratings may be 18,000lbs front & 48,000lbs rear (Michigan Specials). Common additional components are PTO/Wet Line Kits and/or walking beam (Hendrickson) suspensions. Hot Shot Tractors - Developed to circumvent the Commercial Driver License (CDL) requirements. They are designed to transport light and medium weight loads in a intra-state Tandem Axle Work Tractor (day cab) environment. These are typically equipped with a 7,000lb front axle & 17,000lb rear axles and spring suspension. Hot Shot Tractor 12 OTHER TRACTOR TYPES - cont. Yard Jockey (spotter) Tractors are typically designed and built for off street applications. Available in single or tandem axle configurations, they feature a hydraulically adjustable fifth wheel for quick movement and placement Single Axle Yard Jockey of semi-trailers. Tandem Axle Yard Jockey 13 OTHER TRACTOR TYPES - cont. Most tractors are available with either a Forward or Set Back front axle. Forward Axles offer a better ride. Setback Axles allow a shorter turning radius and provide a improved weight distribution. Trailer Toter Tractors are typically Forward/Setback equipped with a 12,000lb front axle & Front Axle 23,000lb rear axle. They are specifically modified with a hydraulic powered ball hitch for the transport of office trailers and manufactured housing (mobile homes). Trailer Toter 14 Trailer Toter - Rear View GLIDER KITS 15 GLIDER KITS - cont. Gliders are a complete truck Cab and Chassis Without the drivetrain components. Gliders include - a finished cab and hood, a complete interior, front axle and brakes, front suspension and steering, fuel tanks, electrical system and engine cooling system. Gliders do not include - an engine, transmission, differential, rear axle and rear suspension. * When built properly they can be worth up to 75% of the value of the same new vehicle. Factors that affect the value of Gliders are - • Quality of construction. • Age and condition of the drivetrain. • Compliance with federal safety and emission standards. Under the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997, the “safe harbor 75% test” Includes an exception of paying Federal Excise Tax (FET) on the purchase or use of a Glider Kit vehicle if the refurbishment is a result of suffering a total loss. 16 DUMP TRUCKS Class 3 Contractor Dumps are typically equipped with a 4,000lb front axle & 7,000lb rear axle. Class 4 and 5 Contractor Dumps have axles ratings of up to 5,000lbs front & 10,000lbs Class 6 Dump rear. Class 6 Single Axle Dumps are typically equipped with a 7,000lb front axle & 17,000lb rear axle. **Common additional equipment for all Dump Trucks include cabguards, air gates, coal chutes, tarp assemblies, extended sides, pintle hitches, plows and salt spreaders. Contractor Dump Grain Dumps have either single or tandem rear axles. The sides are constructed of lightweight sheet steel or aluminum. 17 Grain Dump DUMP TRUCKS - cont. Side Dumps have a pivoting ram that allows the body to tilt in three directions; right, left or back. Scissor Dumps have a two way hoist that allows either the entire body to raise or tilt from the front. Side Dump Tandem Axle Dumps are typically equipped with a 12,000lb front axle and 44,000lb rear tandem axle. The dump bodies are of aluminum or steel construction. **Common additional equipment for all Dump Trucks include cabguards, air gates, coal chutes, tarp Scissor Dump assemblies, extended sides, pintle hitches, plows and salt spreaders. Tandem Axle Dump with Aluminum Body 18 DUMP TRUCKS - cont. Tri-Axle Dumps have a third axle that can be either stationary or liftable (controlled up and down from the cab). The dump bodies can by either aluminum or steel construction. Transfer Dumps combine a Tri-Axle Dump with dump truck with a pup dump trailer, maximizing payload capacity. Steel Body Dump Particularly useful in states that of highway weight restrictions. **Common additional equipment for all Dump Trucks include cabguards, air gates, coal chutes, tarp assemblies, extended sides and pintle hitches. Transfer Dump 19 BUSES Conventional School Buses are built on Freightliner or Navistar Chassis, with capacities ranging from 35 to 72 passengers. These may be equipped with gas or diesel engines, typically with automatic transmissions. School Bus - Conventional Cab Flat Nose School Buses have a rear engine design, with capacities ranging from 60 to 84 passengers. They are typically equipped with a diesel engine and automatic transmission. Mini School Buses are built on Ford or GM chassis, with a capacity range from 4 to 20 passengers. School Bus - Flat Nose They are equipped with a gas or diesel engine and an automatic transmission. **Common additional equipment for all School Buses include wheelchair lifts, raised floor and restraint systems. School Bus - Mini Cutaway 20 BUSES - cont. Transit (municipal) Buses are built on NHTSA (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration) standards and have a capacity range from 30 to 50 passengers.