DOCSLIB.ORG

Pgk1 and Hprt Gene Activity in the Peri-Implantation Mouse Embryo Is Influenced by the Parental Origin of the X-Chromosome

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Pgk1 and Hprt Gene Activity in the Peri-Implantation Mouse Embryo Is Influenced by the Parental Origin of the X-Chromosome Int. J. Dev. Biol. 43: 069-073 (1999) EGF, epithelium and Parental influence on X-chromosome activity 69 Original Article Pgk1 and Hprt gene activity in the peri-implantation mouse embryo is influenced by the parental origin of the X-chromosome KARIN STURM#, MONICA LAFFERTY and PATRICK P.L. TAM* Embryology Unit, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Wentworthville, Australia ABSTRACT The activity of two X-linked genes, Pgk1 and Hprt, that are localized on X-chromo- somes of different parental origins in the XX mouse embryo was analyzed by the quantification of allele-specific transcripts. For the Pgk1 gene, the maternal allele-specific transcripts were consis- tently more abundant than the paternal transcripts in the blastocyst and the late gastrula. For the Hprt gene, the Hprtb allele was preferentially expressed in the blastocysts when it is present on the maternal X-chromosome. However, this skewed expression of the maternal allele was not observed in the reciprocal situation when the Hprta allele was on the maternal X-chromosome. Like the Pgk1 locus, significantly more maternal Hprt transcripts were found in the gastrula-stage embryos irrespective of their genotypes. One possible interpretation of these results is that, in the XX mouse embryos, the genetic loci on maternal X-chromosome may be transcriptionally more active than their paternal counterparts during peri-implantation development. KEY WORDS: X-chromosome, allele-specific transcripts, parent-specific effects, mouse embryo Introduction preferential expression of maternal X-linked trait such as the coat pattern in brindled (Atp7a) mice (Falconer et al., 1982), the coat color During pre-implantation development of the female mouse embryo, variegation in the t(1,X)Ct mice with an X-autosome translocation both X chromosomes are transcriptionally active. However, an (Cattanach and Perez, 1970), and the vibrissal pattern of the Tabby analysis of the transcriptional activity of two X-linked genes, Pgk1 mice (Kindred, 1961). In summary, these findings suggest that the and Hprt, reveals that the amount of transcript (mRNA copies per maternal alleles of the X-linked genes may generally be more active embryo) encoded by the alleles on the maternally derived X- than the paternal alleles. chromosome is about 3-10 fold more than that encoded by the alleles Parent-specific effects also impact on the progression of the on the paternal X-chromosome at the 16 cell to blastocyst stages inactivation of the X-chromosome. In the female mouse embryo, (Singer-Sam et al., 1992; Latham and Rambhatla, 1995). Parent- inactivation of the X-chromosome (X-inactivation) takes place during specific influences on X-linked gene activity have been studied in the immediate post-implantation period (5.3 to 6.3 days post coitum). uniparental mouse embryos where both X-chromosomes are of the The occurrence of X-inactivation in embryonic cells can be visualized same parental origin. Significant differences are found between the cytogenetically by the asynchronous replication of the X- level of mRNA encoded by a set of X-linked genes (Hprt, Pgk1, Prps1 chromosomes. In the situation where the X-chromosomes can be and Pdha1) in embryos that have only the paternal genome distinguished by the presence or the absence of a Robertsonian (androgenones) or the maternal genome (gynogenones and parthenogenones). The maternally derived alleles are expressed at a higher level than the paternally derived alleles in the uniparental Abbreviations used in this paper: cDNA, complimentary deoxyribonucleic acid; dATP, 2'-Deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate; dCTP, 2'-Deoxycytosine 5'- embryos (Latham and Rambhatla, 1995). Parent-specific effects on triphosphate; dGTP, 2'-Deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate; dNTP, X chromosome activity have also been observed in postnatal female Deoxymucleoside 5'-triphosphate; G6PD, glucose-6-phosphate mice. The activity of enzymes such as G6PD and PGK1 that are dehydrogenase; mRNA, messenger rinbonucleic acid; PBS, phosphate- encoded by alleles on the maternal X-chromosome is generally buffered saline; PGK1, 3-phosphoglycerate kinase 1; RT-PCR, reverse higher than that of the paternal alleles in tissues of the adult mice transciptase polymerase chain reaction; RNase, ribonuclease; Tris, tris (Forrester and Ansell, 1985; Peters and Ball, 1990). There is also (hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane. *Address for reprints: Embryology Unit, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Locked Bag 23, Wentworthville, NSW 2145 Australia. FAX: 61 2 9687 2120. e-mail: [email protected] #Present address: Pediatric Immunology, Department Research, Kantonsspital Basel, CH4031 Basel, Switzerland. 0214-6282/99/$10.00 © UBC Press Printed in Spain www.lg.ehu.es/ijdb 70 K. Sturm et al. translocation, the paternally derived X-chromosome tends to be the The efficiency of the amplification of the allele-specific template in one showing asynchronous replication (Takagi et al., 1982). A similar the SNuPE assay was tested by comparing the band intensity of the observation was made when the activity of the X-chromosome was products obtained in the reaction using a mixture of equal quantities studied by the expression of an X-linked lacZ transgene. There are of RNA (5 ng each) from the tails of XPHA/Y (Pgk1a Hprta /Y) and more cells in the peri-implantation stage embryos that display an H253/Y (Pgk1b Hprt b lacZ /Y) mice. For the Pgk1 assays (n= 26), inactive paternally derived X-chromosome during the progression of equal amounts of a- and b-allele RNA gave mean values of 60.4 X-inactivation (Tam et al., 1994). These findings have been taken to (±2.2)% for Pgk1a and 39.6 (±2.2)% for Pgk1b. For the Hprt assays indicate that the paternal X-chromosome inactivates sooner than the (n= 20), the values were 56.0 (±2.5)% for Hprta and 44.0 (±2.5)% for maternal X-chromosome during deve-lopment. The preferential Hprt b. This apparently skewed ratio of allele-specific products could inactivation of the paternally derived X-chromosome, as revealed by be attributed to the more efficient incorporation of the dCTP than the onset of asynchronous replication, also occurs when XX embryonic dATP or dGTP during primer extension (Singer-Sam et al., 1992). stem cells differentiate in vitro (Tada et al., 1993). Therefore, the The SNuPE assay data were therefore corrected for the different behavior of the X-chromosome during inactivation strongly suggests efficiency of nucleotide incorporation (correction factors: Pgk1a= that X-chromosome activity is subject to parent-specific imprinting. 0.83, Pgk1b=1.20, Hprt a=0.90, Hprt b= 1.11). The differential marking of the chromosome has been postulated to Further validation of the allele-specificity of the SNuPE assay was be the result of the modification in the chromatin configuration of the performed on XY blastocysts which only express the X-linked allele male and female genome in the germ-line cells (Hansen et al., 1996; from the maternally derived X-chromosome. Four XY blastocysts Jamieson et al., 1996; Heard et al., 1997). each from mice of the XPHAxH253 and the H253xXPHA mating The disparity between the activity of the alleles of the X-linked were found to express exclusively the maternal allele-specific Pgk1 genes in the pre-implantation mouse embryos and the postnatal and Hprt transcripts. The X-chromosome of the H253 mice contains mice suggests that there are strong parental influences on the a HMG-lacZ transgene at band A6 position close to the Hprt locus expression of X-linked genes before and after X-inactivation is (Tan et al., 1995). However, similarly exclusive expression of the accomplished. However, it has yet to be established that similar maternal allele-specific Pgk1 and Hprt transcripts was found in five parental effect on the transcriptional activity of X-linked genes is XY blastocysts (obtained from the B6D2F1xXPHA mating) which present in mouse embryos when X-inactivation is in progress during have no lacZ transgene on the X-chromosome. The yolk sac the immediate post-implantation period (Tan et al., 1993; Tam et al., endoderm of 7.5-day gastrula embryo, where the paternal X- 1994). In the present study, we have determined the relative levels chromosome is preferentially inactivated during normal development, of expression of the paternal and maternal alleles of two X-linked was also tested. The yolk sac endoderm of 6 XX gastrulae of the genes in individual blastocysts and gastrula-stage embryos. Our H253xXPHA mating was found to preferentially express the maternal results have shown that the maternal allele of the Pgk1 gene and the allele-specific Pgk1 and Hprt mRNAs which constituted about 94 Hprt gene, in certain combination of genetic backgrounds, is more (±4.5)% and 93 (±3.6)% of the total transcripts respectively. actively transcribed than the paternal counterpart in the peri- implantation embryos. Preponderance of transcripts from the maternal alleles in the blastocyst and the late gastrula Results Table 1 summarizes the relative amount of transcripts encoded by the paternal and the maternal alleles of Pgk1 and Hprt genes in the The relative efficiency of the SNuPE assay for different Pgk1 blastocysts prior to the onset of X-inactivation and in the gastrula- and Hprt alleles stage embryos during X-inactivation. The data obtained from the The quantity of allele-specific transcripts was determined by the analysis of the newborn in which X-inactivation is completed were single nucleotide primer extension (SNuPE) assay (Singer-Sam et included for comparison. al., 1992). The allele-specific transcripts are distinguishable by their For the Pgk1 gene, there were significantly more transcripts of the sequence polymorphism. The two Pgk1 alleles show a single base maternal alleles in the blastocyst. The preponderance of maternal mismatch of A versus C at position 489 of the cDNA and the Hprt Pgk1 transcript was found in the blastocysts obtained from both the alleles by a mismatch of C versus G at position 91 of the cDNA.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ncomms4301.Pdf
    ARTICLE Received 8 Jul 2013 | Accepted 23 Jan 2014 | Published 13 Feb 2014 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4301 Genome-wide RNAi ionomics screen reveals new genes and regulation of human trace element metabolism Mikalai Malinouski1,2, Nesrin M. Hasan3, Yan Zhang1,4, Javier Seravalli2, Jie Lin4,5, Andrei Avanesov1, Svetlana Lutsenko3 & Vadim N. Gladyshev1 Trace elements are essential for human metabolism and dysregulation of their homoeostasis is associated with numerous disorders. Here we characterize mechanisms that regulate trace elements in human cells by designing and performing a genome-wide high-throughput siRNA/ionomics screen, and examining top hits in cellular and biochemical assays. The screen reveals high stability of the ionomes, especially the zinc ionome, and yields known regulators and novel candidates. We further uncover fundamental differences in the regulation of different trace elements. Specifically, selenium levels are controlled through the selenocysteine machinery and expression of abundant selenoproteins; copper balance is affected by lipid metabolism and requires machinery involved in protein trafficking and post-translational modifications; and the iron levels are influenced by iron import and expression of the iron/haeme-containing enzymes. Our approach can be applied to a variety of disease models and/or nutritional conditions, and the generated data set opens new directions for studies of human trace element metabolism. 1 Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. 2 Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA. 3 Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA. 4 Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
    [Show full text]
  • PTEN Deficiency Causes Dyschondroplasia in Mice By
    DEVELOPMENT AND DISEASE RESEARCH ARTICLE 3587 Development 135, 3587-3597 (2008) doi:10.1242/dev.028118 PTEN deficiency causes dyschondroplasia in mice by enhanced hypoxia-inducible factor 1α signaling and endoplasmic reticulum stress Guan Yang, Qiang Sun, Yan Teng, Fangfei Li, Tujun Weng and Xiao Yang* Chondrocytes within the growth plates acclimatize themselves to a variety of stresses that might otherwise disturb cell fate. The tumor suppressor PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted from chromosome 10) has been implicated in the maintenance of cell homeostasis. However, the functions of PTEN in regulating chondrocytic adaptation to stresses remain largely unknown. In this study, we have created chondrocyte-specific Pten knockout mice (Ptenco/co;Col2a1-Cre) using the Cre-loxP system. Following AKT activation, Pten mutant mice exhibited dyschondroplasia resembling human enchondroma. Cartilaginous nodules originated from Pten mutant resting chondrocytes that suffered from impaired proliferation and differentiation, and this was coupled with enhanced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We further found that ER stress in Pten mutant chondrocytes only occurred under hypoxic stress, characterized by an upregulation of unfolded protein response-related genes as well as an engorged and fragmented ER in which collagens were trapped. An upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) and downstream targets followed by ER stress induction was also observed in Pten mutant growth plates and in cultured chondrocytes, suggesting that PI3K/AKT
    [Show full text]
  • Anti-PGK1 + PGK2 Antibody (ARG40834)
    Product datasheet [email protected] ARG40834 Package: 50 μg anti-PGK1 + PGK2 antibody Store at: -20°C Summary Product Description Rabbit Polyclonal antibody recognizes PGK1 + PGK2 Tested Reactivity Hu, Rat Predict Reactivity Ms, Hm Tested Application IHC-P, WB Host Rabbit Clonality Polyclonal Isotype IgG Target Name PGK1 + PGK2 Antigen Species Human Immunogen Synthetic peptide corresponding to aa. 166-180 of Human PGK1. (FGTAHRAHSSMVGVN) Conjugation Un-conjugated Alternate Names EC 2.7.2.3; Primer recognition protein 2; PGKA; PRP 2; Phosphoglycerate kinase 1; MIG10; Cell migration-inducing gene 10 protein; HEL-S-68p Application Instructions Application table Application Dilution IHC-P 1:200 - 1:1000 WB 1:500 - 1:2000 Application Note * The dilutions indicate recommended starting dilutions and the optimal dilutions or concentrations should be determined by the scientist. Calculated Mw 45 kDa Properties Form Liquid Purification Affinity purification with immunogen. Buffer 0.2% Na2HPO4, 0.9% NaCl, 0.05% Thimerosal, 0.05% Sodium azide and 5% BSA. Preservative 0.05% Thimerosal and 0.05% Sodium azide Stabilizer 5% BSA Concentration 0.5 mg/ml Storage instruction For continuous use, store undiluted antibody at 2-8°C for up to a week. For long-term storage, aliquot and store at -20°C or below. Storage in frost free freezers is not recommended. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles. Suggest spin the vial prior to opening. The antibody solution should be gently mixed before use. www.arigobio.com 1/2 Note For laboratory research only, not for drug, diagnostic or other use. Bioinformation Gene Symbol PGK1 Gene Full Name phosphoglycerate kinase 1 Background The protein encoded by this gene is a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 1,3-diphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate.
    [Show full text]
  • Anti-PGK1 Antibody (ARG40844)
    Product datasheet [email protected] ARG40844 Package: 50 μg anti-PGK1 antibody Store at: -20°C Summary Product Description Rabbit Polyclonal antibody recognizes PGK1 Tested Reactivity Hu, Rat Tested Application WB Host Rabbit Clonality Polyclonal Isotype IgG Target Name PGK1 Antigen Species Human Immunogen Synthetic peptide corresponding to aa. 312-337 of Human PGK1. (MGLDCGPESSKKYAEAVTRAKQIVWN) Conjugation Un-conjugated Alternate Names EC 2.7.2.3; Primer recognition protein 2; PGKA; PRP 2; Phosphoglycerate kinase 1; MIG10; Cell migration-inducing gene 10 protein; HEL-S-68p Application Instructions Application table Application Dilution WB 1:500 - 1:2000 Application Note * The dilutions indicate recommended starting dilutions and the optimal dilutions or concentrations should be determined by the scientist. Calculated Mw 45 kDa Properties Form Liquid Purification Affinity purification with immunogen. Buffer 0.2% Na2HPO4, 0.9% NaCl, 0.05% Sodium azide and 5% BSA. Preservative 0.05% Sodium azide Stabilizer 5% BSA Concentration 0.5 mg/ml Storage instruction For continuous use, store undiluted antibody at 2-8°C for up to a week. For long-term storage, aliquot and store at -20°C or below. Storage in frost free freezers is not recommended. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles. Suggest spin the vial prior to opening. The antibody solution should be gently mixed before use. Note For laboratory research only, not for drug, diagnostic or other use. www.arigobio.com 1/2 Bioinformation Gene Symbol PGK1 Gene Full Name phosphoglycerate kinase 1 Background The protein encoded by this gene is a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 1,3-diphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Mechanisms of Skewed X-Chromosome Inactivation in Female Hemophilia Patients—Lessons from Wide Genome Analyses
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article Molecular Mechanisms of Skewed X-Chromosome Inactivation in Female Hemophilia Patients—Lessons from Wide Genome Analyses Rima Dardik 1,†, Einat Avishai 1,2,†, Shadan Lalezari 1, Assaf A. Barg 1,2, Sarina Levy-Mendelovich 1,2,3 , Ivan Budnik 4 , Ortal Barel 5, Yulia Khavkin 5, Gili Kenet 1,2 and Tami Livnat 1,2,* 1 National Hemophilia Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel; [email protected] (R.D.); [email protected] (E.A.); [email protected] (S.L.); [email protected] (A.A.B.); [email protected] (S.L.-M.); [email protected] (G.K.) 2 Amalia Biron Research Institute of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 52621, Israel 3 Sheba Medical Center, The Sheba Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel 4 Department of Pathophysiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119019 Moscow, Russia; [email protected] 5 The Center for Cancer Research, Sheba Medical Center, Genomics Unit, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel; [email protected] (O.B.); [email protected] (Y.K.) * Correspondence: [email protected] † Equal contribution of the first two authors. Citation: Dardik, R.; Avishai, E.; Lalezari, S.; Barg, A.A.; Abstract: Introduction: Hemophilia A (HA) is an X-linked bleeding disorder caused by factor VIII Levy-Mendelovich, S.; Budnik, I.; Barel, O.; Khavkin, Y.; Kenet, G.; (FVIII) deficiency or dysfunction due to F8 gene mutations.
    [Show full text]
  • Comprehensive Analysis of the Association Between Tumor Glycolysis and Immune/Inflammation Function in Breast Cancer
    Li et al. J Transl Med (2020) 18:92 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-020-02267-2 Journal of Translational Medicine RESEARCH Open Access Comprehensive analysis of the association between tumor glycolysis and immune/ infammation function in breast cancer Wenhui Li1†, Ming Xu1†, Yu Li1, Ziwei Huang1, Jun Zhou1, Qiuyang Zhao1, Kehao Le1, Fang Dong1, Cheng Wan2 and Pengfei Yi1* Abstract Background: Metabolic reprogramming, immune evasion and tumor-promoting infammation are three hallmarks of cancer that provide new perspectives for understanding the biology of cancer. We aimed to fgure out the relation- ship of tumor glycolysis and immune/infammation function in the context of breast cancer, which is signifcant for deeper understanding of the biology, treatment and prognosis of breast cancer. Methods: Using mRNA transcriptome data, tumor-infltrating lymphocytes (TILs) maps based on digitized H&E- stained images and clinical information of breast cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas projects (TCGA), we explored the expression and prognostic implications of glycolysis-related genes, as well as the enrichment scores and dual role of diferent immune/infammation cells in the tumor microenvironment. The relationship between glycolysis activity and immune/infammation function was studied by using the diferential genes expression analysis, gene ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, gene set enrichment analyses (GSEA) and correlation analysis. Results: Most glycolysis-related genes had higher expression in breast cancer compared to normal tissue. Higher phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) expression was associated with poor prognosis. High glycolysis group had upregu- lated immune/infammation-related genes expression, upregulated immune/infammation pathways especially IL-17 signaling pathway, higher enrichment of multiple immune/infammation cells such as Th2 cells and macrophages.
    [Show full text]
  • PGK1 Gene Phosphoglycerate Kinase 1
    PGK1 gene phosphoglycerate kinase 1 Normal Function The PGK1 gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called phosphoglycerate kinase. This enzyme is found in cells and tissues throughout the body, where it is involved in a critical energy-producing process known as glycolysis. During glycolysis, the simple sugar glucose is broken down to produce energy. Phosphoglycerate kinase helps carry out a chemical reaction that converts a molecule called 1,3-diphosphoglycerate, which is produced during the breakdown of glucose, to another molecule called 3-phosphoglycerate. This reaction generates one molecule of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the main energy source in cells. Researchers suspect that phosphoglycerate kinase may have additional functions, although little is known about the other roles this enzyme may play in cells. Health Conditions Related to Genetic Changes Phosphoglycerate kinase deficiency At least 18 mutations in the PGK1 gene have been found to cause phosphoglycerate kinase deficiency. In some affected individuals, this condition causes a shortage of red blood cells (chronic hemolytic anemia) with or without neurological symptoms. In others, the condition is characterized by muscle weakness and cramping. Most PGK1 gene mutations change single protein building blocks (amino acids) in phosphoglycerate kinase. A few other types of mutations, including insertions and deletions of a small amount of DNA in the PGK1 gene, have also been reported. Studies suggest that PGK1 gene mutations reduce the activity of phosphoglycerate kinase, which disrupts normal energy production and leads to cell damage or cell death. It is unclear why this abnormality preferentially affects red blood cells and brain cells in some people and muscle cells in others.
    [Show full text]
  • Anti-PGK1 Antibody Catalog # ABO11352
    10320 Camino Santa Fe, Suite G San Diego, CA 92121 Tel: 858.875.1900 Fax: 858.622.0609 Anti-PGK1 Antibody Catalog # ABO11352 Specification Anti-PGK1 Antibody - Product Information Application WB, IHC Primary Accession P00558 Host Rabbit Reactivity Human, Mouse, Rat Clonality Polyclonal Format Lyophilized Description Rabbit IgG polyclonal antibody for Phosphoglycerate kinase 1(PGK1) detection. Tested with WB, IHC-P in Human;Mouse;Rat. Reconstitution Add 0.2ml of distilled water will yield a concentration of 500ug/ml. Anti-PGK1 antibody, ABO11352, Western blottingLane 1: Rat Liver Tissue LysateLane Anti-PGK1 Antibody - Additional Information 2: Rat Brain Tissue LysateLane 3: Rat Lung Tissue LysateLane 4: A431 Cell LysateLane 5: Gene ID 5230 COLO320 Cell LysateLane 6: HELA Cell LysateLane 7: A549 Cell LysateLane 8: Other Names JURKAT Cell Lysate Phosphoglycerate kinase 1, 2.7.2.3, Cell migration-inducing gene 10 protein, Primer recognition protein 2, PRP 2, PGK1, PGKA Calculated MW 44615 MW KDa Application Details Immunohistochemistry(Paraffin-embedded Section), 0.5-1 µg/ml, Human, Rat, Mouse, By Heat<br>Western blot, 0.1-0.5 µg/ml, Human, Rat, Mouse<br> Subcellular Localization Cytoplasm. Anti-PGK1 antibody, ABO11352, Protein Name IHC(P)IHC(P): Human Lung Cancer Tissue Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 Contents Anti-PGK1 Antibody - Background Each vial contains 5mg BSA, 0.9mg NaCl, 0.2mg Na2HPO4, 0.05mg Thimerosal, PGK1 (Phosphoglycerate Kinase 1), also known 0.05mg NaN3. as PGKA, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PGK1 gene. The protein Page 1/3 10320 Camino Santa Fe, Suite G San Diego, CA 92121 Tel: 858.875.1900 Fax: 858.622.0609 Immunogen encoded by this gene is a glycolytic enzyme A synthetic peptide corresponding to a that catalyzes the conversion of sequence in the middle region of human 1,3-diphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate.
    [Show full text]
  • Live Imaging of X Chromosome Reactivation Dynamics in Early
    © 2016. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Development (2016) 143, 2958-2964 doi:10.1242/dev.136739 STEM CELLS AND REGENERATION TECHNIQUES AND RESOURCES REPORT Live imaging of X chromosome reactivation dynamics in early mouse development can discriminate naïve from primed pluripotent stem cells Shin Kobayashi1,‡, Yusuke Hosoi1, Hirosuke Shiura1, Kazuo Yamagata2,*, Saori Takahashi1, Yoshitaka Fujihara2, Takashi Kohda1, Masaru Okabe2 and Fumitoshi Ishino1 ABSTRACT chromosomes become transcriptionally active in female embryos, Pluripotent stem cells can be classified into two distinct states, naïve leading to embryonic death after implantation. Therefore, it is and primed, which show different degrees of potency. One difficulty in believed that XCI occurs in all differentiated cells. However, stem cell research is the inability to distinguish these states in live pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) such as the ICM of blastocysts and cells. Studies on female mice have shown that reactivation of inactive embryonic stem cells (ESCs), in addition to primordial germ cells, X chromosomes occurs in the naïve state, while one of the show reactivation of X chromosomes, resulting in two active ones. X chromosomes is inactivated in the primed state. Therefore, we Such XCR is also observed during the genomic reprogramming of aimed to distinguish the two states by monitoring X chromosome induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from differentiated reactivation. Thus far, X chromosome reactivation has been analysed cells. Thus, inactivation and reactivation of the X chromosomes are using fixed cells; here, we inserted different fluorescent reporter gene closely linked to the loss and gain of pluripotency, respectively cassettes (mCherry and eGFP) into each X chromosome.
    [Show full text]
  • A Curated Biochemical Pathways Database for the Laboratory Mouse Alexei V Evsikov, Mary E Dolan, Michael P Genrich, Emily Patek and Carol J Bult
    Open Access Software2009EvsikovetVolume al. 10, Issue 8, Article R84 MouseCyc: a curated biochemical pathways database for the laboratory mouse Alexei V Evsikov, Mary E Dolan, Michael P Genrich, Emily Patek and Carol J Bult Address: The Jackson Laboratory, Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA. Correspondence: Carol J Bult. Email: [email protected] Published: 14 August 2009 Received: 22 May 2009 Revised: 17 July 2009 Genome Biology 2009, 10:R84 (doi:10.1186/gb-2009-10-8-r84) Accepted: 14 August 2009 The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at http://genomebiology.com/2009/10/8/R84 © 2009 Evsikov et al,; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. MouseCyc<p>MouseCyc database is a database of curated metabolic pathways for the laboratory mouse.</p> Abstract Linking biochemical genetic data to the reference genome for the laboratory mouse is important for comparative physiology and for developing mouse models of human biology and disease. We describe here a new database of curated metabolic pathways for the laboratory mouse called MouseCyc http://mousecyc.jax.org. MouseCyc has been integrated with genetic and genomic data for the laboratory mouse available from the Mouse Genome Informatics database and with pathway data from other organisms, including human. Rationale Biochemical interactions and transformations among organic The availability of the nearly complete genome sequence for molecules are arguably the foundation and core distinguish- the laboratory mouse provides a powerful platform for pre- ing feature of all organic life.
    [Show full text]
  • (Qpcr)) Analyses in Freshly Isolated Monocytes of Septic Patients
    Reference Genes for Quantitative Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR)) Analyses in Freshly Isolated Monocytes of Septic Patients Raquel Bragante Gritte ( [email protected] ) Cruzeiro do Sul University Talita Souza-Siqueira Cruzeiro do Sul University Laureane Nunes Masi Cruzeiro do Sul University Juliana Freitas Germano Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Gilson Masahiro Murata University of São Paulo Marcel Cerqueira César Machado University of São Paulo Ricardo Bentes Azevedo Brasília University Tania Cristina Pithon-Curi Cruzeiro do Sul University Rui Curi Cruzeiro do Sul University Francisco Garcia Soriano University of São Paulo Research Article Keywords: sepsis, macrophage, RNA analysis, STX5A, PGK1, GAPDH, and HPRT1 Posted Date: May 21st, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-523620/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Reference genes for Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) analyses in freshly isolated monocytes of septic patients Raquel Bragante Gritte1,*, Talita Souza-Siqueira1,+, Laureane Nunes Masi1, · Juliana de Freitas Germano2, Gilson Masahiro Murata3, Marcel Cerqueira César Machado4,· Ricardo Bentes Azevedo5, Tania Cristina Pithon-Curi1, Rui Curi1, and · Francisco Garcia Soriano4. 1 Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil 2 The Smidt Heart Institute and the Barbra Streisand Women’s Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States 3 Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 4 Department of Emergency Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 5Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Brasília University, Brasília, Brazil.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplementary Table S2
    Table 2 HIF-1 target genes Unigene ID Hyp/Norm Name Name Hs.296323 0.50 SGK serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase Hs.1048 0.53 KITLG KIT ligand Hs.1048 0.53 KITLG KIT ligand Hs.171723 0.55 TAF9L TAF9-like RNA polymerase II, TATA box binding protein Hs.374524 0.55 DHX9 DEAH (Asp-Glu-Ala-His) box polypeptide 9 Hs.21486 0.56 STAT1 signal transducer and activator of transcription 1, 91kDa Hs.390504 0.57 SOS2 son of sevenless homolog 2 (Drosophila) Hs.2227 0.57 CEBPG CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), gamma Hs.464526 0.58 ABHD3 abhydrolase domain containing 3 Hs.107056 0.60 CED-6 PTB domain adaptor protein CED-6 Hs.417157 0.61 MGC14376 hypothetical protein MGC14376 Hs.201939 0.61 ATP6V0A2 ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V0 subunit a isoform 2 Hs.7879 0.61 IFRD1 interferon-related developmental regulator 1 Hs.25204 0.61 CHST12 carbohydrate (chondroitin 4) sulfotransferase 12 Hs.58617 0.62 ROCK2 Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2 Hs.477132 0.62 COPA coatomer protein complex, subunit alpha Hs.389893 0.62 DLG1 discs, large homolog 1 (Drosophila) Hs.439052 0.63 SPIN spindlin Hs.334534 0.63 GNS glucosamine (N-acetyl)-6-sulfatase (Sanfilippo disease IIID) Hs.459631 0.63 Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ12835 fis, clone NT2RP2003165. Hs.336425 0.63 Homo sapiens mRNA; cDNA DKFZp313P052 Hs.17969 0.64 KIAA0663 KIAA0663 gene product Hs.28578 0.65 MBNL1 muscleblind-like (Drosophila) Hs.55220 0.65 BAG2 BCL2-associated athanogene 2 Hs.143840 0.65 KIAA0852 KIAA0852 protein Hs.432996 0.66 FLJ12448 hypothetical protein FLJ12448 Hs.159118 0.66
    [Show full text]