: The Pantanal and Amazon

23 July - 5 August 2011

Guides: Nick Athanas & Iain Campbell Report by Nick Athanas Photos by Iain Campbell (IC) and Nick Athanas (NA)

Jaguar – the undisputed highlight of the tour! (IC)

It’s not often that we headline a trip report from the Americas with a mammal, but this time there was absolutely no doubt what should go there. We had changed the itinerary for this year to include a much better chance at seeing the continent’s biggest cat, at the expense of a lot of extra travel time, increased cost, and, thanks to an unfortunate cold front, a significant amount of discomfort! However, seeing a Jaguar like this was one of the top wildlife experiences of my life, and not a single one of us thought it wasn’t totally worth it; it was the unanimous choice of the best sighting of the trip. Kitties or not, this is still always a memorable trip. The Amazonian rainforest at Cristalino produced the usual parade of beautiful like Black-girdled Barbet , Gould’s Toucanet , Razor-billed Curassow , Dark-winged Trumpeter , tons of parrots and macaws , and even the ultrarare Fiery-tailed Awlbill . It was another exceptionally dry year (second in a row!), so the forest was crispy and quiet, making some of those understory skulkers especially tough, but looking back on the list now, we still saw lots of neat stuff. The Pantanal, as always, was spectacular, with huge numbers of birds everywhere we looked. It’s

Tropical Birding www.tropicalbirding.com 1 tough to pick favorites out of so many, but iconic species like Hyacinth Macaw and Jabiru are always on the shortlist, as well as specialties like Chestnut-bellied Guan and Pale-crested Woodpecker , along with more widespread species like Red-legged Seriema , Bare-faced Curassow , Agami Heron , and Maguari Stork .

Hyacinth Macaw at Pousada Piuval in the Pantanal (NA)

After a night in Cuiabá, the largest city in this part of Brazil, we started our birding on the Chapada dos Guimarães, a rocky escarpment a bit more than hour’s drive to the northwest. The habitat here is a mixture of cerrado (savanna) and gallery forest, and there are several birds here not possible elsewhere on the tour. We spent our two early mornings along dry, dusty roads in unappealing scrub, but found plenty of neat birds like White-banded and White- rumped Tanagers , Chapada Flycatcher , Plain- crested and Lesser Elaenias , Rufous-winged Antshrike , White-eared Puffbird , Peach-fronted Parakeet (photo left, IC ), Rusty-backed Antwren , and Toco Toucan . We also had out first Red-and- green Macaws here, looking very out of place a long way from the rainforest. Activity in this habitat dies down surprisingly quickly, so for late morning and afternoon we concentrated on the shadier gallery forest in the valleys and near our hotel on the edge of the escarpment. The gallery forest had a very different set of birds like Blue-tufted Starthroat ,

Tropical Birding www.tropicalbirding.com 2 Rufous-tailed Jacamar , Black-fronted Nunbird , Planalto Slaty-Antshrike , Large-billed Antwren , Rusty-fronted Tody-Flycatcher , Helmeted and Band-tailed Manakins, Moustached Wren , White- bellied Warbler , Burnished-buff Tanager , and Pectoral and Saffron-billed Sparrows.

White-rumped Tanagers dueting (IC) A female Planalto Slaty-Antshrike (IC)

Our flight to Alta Floresta was on time, and soon we were on our way out of the city, heading north to Cristalino Jungle Lodge, driven by a wacky GermanBrazilian driver who tried to entertain us by singing us songs in German and telling jokes in “deutschuguês” – a truly bizarre experience! We stopped part away along to a palm grove where we found Point-tailed Palmcreeper , Sulphury Flycatcher , and our first Blue-and-yellow Macaws (photo below, IC ), before finally arriving at the edge of the Teles Pires River. We met our local bird guide and boat driver, Jorge, got in the boat, crossed the Teles Pires River, and started heading up the beautiful and sinuous Cristalino River. We hadn’t gone very far when a large, dark bird flew across the river and landed in the top of a tree, showing a bushy crest and strange, ropelike wattle hanging from its throat – a male Amazonian Umbrellabird – a nice way to start our visit to this great place! We got to the lodge right as it was getting dark, had a welcome drink and introduction by one of the volunteer guides before checking into our rooms for our five night stay.

Tropical Birding www.tropicalbirding.com 3 Cristalino Lodge is one of those amazing places that any nature enthusiast should hope to visit in his or her lifetime. Even though it is not far from the terrible deforestation afflicting the southern Amazon, it is part of a completely protected network of parks and reserves that is almost entirely untouched by man, with the entire ecosystem and food chain still intact. Almost 600 species of birds have been recorded here, but that can be deceptive; Amazonian birding is some of the hardest in the world since so many of the species are incredibly scarce even in pristine habitat, not to mention shy and hard to see. You can spend months here and still see less than three quarters of the birds on the list. With only a few days, I always try to target as many of the regional specialties as possible, knowing that trying to see everything is a pipe dream.

Every visit here is different, and I always plan our daily outings based on the recommendations of the local guides on where things have been seen. Following their advice, on our first morning we headed to the newest of the two metal canopy towers at Cristalino, where there was a fruiting tree right next to one of the platforms, bringing in some of the most wanted birds at Cristalino. We struck avian gold, nailing upclose views of gaudy species like Pompadour and Spangled Cotingas , Black-girdled Barbet , Gould’s Toucanet , and Red-necked and Curl-crested Aracaris . There were plenty of other birds to see up there away from the fruiting tree including Brown-banded Puffbird , Chestnut-fronted Macaw , Kawall’s Parrot , several swifts , Scale-breasted Woodpecker , White-lored Tyrannulet , Bare-necked Fruitcrow , White-browed Purpletuft , Paradise , Masked , and Opal-rumped Tanagers , and Rufous-bellied Euphonia . Tower activity always dies off by mid morning, so we went back to the cool forest floor, where there was a very squeaky Royal Flycatcher waiting for us. The trail back to the river was quiet, but back near the lodge we had our first Santarem Parakeets and Dusky-billed Parrotlets coming down to a little clay lick as well as a Paradise Jacamar watching from a high branch. A trail near the lodge got us Ringed Woodpecker , Rufous-winged Antwren , Amazonian Streaked-Antwren , and Gray-chested Greenlet before we headed back for lunch.

Royal Flycatcher (IC) White-browed Purpletuft (NA)

After lunch and a siesta, we got into the boat and cruised upriver, finding our first Razor-billed Curassows . A quiet, shady cove at a bend in the river had some hummingbirds coming in to bathe. It was great to see a Tapajos Hermit , only recently revalidated as a species, as well as the flashy Black-

Tropical Birding www.tropicalbirding.com 4 eared Fairy . We got off the boat and headed into the forest where there was a small pool, where we hoped to see some birds come in for a drink and a bath in the late afternoon. There were a few customers, but overall the birds were quite shy and skittish, not coming in close. We did see White- crowned Manakin , Thrush-like Schiffornis , Ruddy Quail-Dove , Plain-throated Antwren , Band- tailed , and Spot-backed Antbird before it got dark. Heading back to the boat, a large, hulking shape flushed up and landed on a low branch; it was a Long-tailed Potoo ! Always a hard bird to find, and a great way to finish our first full day at Cristalino.

Razor-billed Curassow (IC)

Next morning we left early and headed up the Serra, one of the rocky hills near Cristalino. It was so dry up there that most of the trees were leafless, which at least made it easier to see some of the birds. We started at a rocky ledge that gave a good view into the canopy, quickly finding one of our main targets, the diminutive Tooth-billed Wren singing from a treetop, quickly followed by a pair of Blue-necked Tanagers . There were quite a few hummers buzzing around including some Long-billed Starthroats , but an oddlooking one caught my attention. I had a feeling about it, but it was such a quick view Then it came back and perched in full sunlight, showing a brilliant green breast, black belly, red tail, and an oddly shaped bill with a slight upward bend right at the tip – no doubt that it was a male Fiery-tailed Awlbill , one of the most rarely seen hummers on the continent! It was a lifer for everyone including me. That was the highlight of the morning, but we did see other birds up on the Serra including the endemic Natterer’s Slaty-Antshrike as well as more common species like Scarlet Macaw , White-necked Jacobin , Amethyst Woodstar , Rufous-throated Sapphire , Green-backed Trogon , Pied Puffbird , and Lineated Woodcreeper . You can’t spend more than a few hours up here before the harsh sun drives you down into the shady forest. Jorge took us in the boat a short distance to another trail, where he quickly spotted a male Flame-crowned Manakin . The trail went to a mud hole where we got our only Bronzy Jacamar as well as a mixed flock with a few birds including White-bellied Tody-Tyrant and Ruddy-tailed Flycatcher . We crossed the river and walked back to the lodge on another trail, which was almost dead silent, but we did manage to find a White-eyed Antwren before lunch.

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Flame-crowned Manakin (NA)

After lunch we headed back downriver to the Teles Pires, birding some river islands. We stopped first at a tiny little island that had some roosting Ladder-tailed Nightjars and a cute Amazonian Tyrannulet , while a Black-collared Swallow swooped over some nearby rapids. We then birded a larger island where there was an abandoned fishing camp, seeing a pair of the endemic Glossy Antshrike as well as a tree full of Red-and-green Macaws that were absolutely spectacular in the late afternoon light. Heading back to the lodge, we had our first of three Brazilian Tapirs for the tour, as a huge male trotted along the edge of the river, dove in, and resurfaced a few seconds later in a huge splash before disappearing into the forest.

Red-and-green Macaw (IC)

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Brazilian Tapir at the edge of the Teles Pires River (IC)

The trail birding had been very difficult, so next morning I decided to go up the older canopy tower and look for Whitebrowed Hawk; there is no better place to see it in the world. It was dead quiet up on the tower, and activity was worse than I had ever seen it before, but we did manage to find a distant, perched White-browed Hawk for reasonable scope views, as well as a terrific sighting of a pair of Red- fan Parrots and another Ringed Woodpecker . Apart from a few other common species, there wasn’t much else. We headed down the tower and walked a short loop trail that was reasonably productive, finding a big mixedspecies flock that we followed for almost an hour, with Red-stained and Yellow- throated Woodpeckers , Rufous-rumped Foliage-gleaner , Spix’s Woodcreeper , Plain-winged , Saturnine , Cinereous , and Spot-winged Antshrikes , and Pygmy , Gray , and Dot-winged Antwrens , among others. We reached a mud hole where a flock of striking Crimson-bellied Parakeets were perched. We tracked down a singing Spix’s Warbling-Antbird and had some Red-headed Manakins before returning to the lodge. We spent the afternoon on a different trail, where we were fortunate to find a big army antswarm being attended by a group of Dark-winged Trumpeters and a few . The trumpeters showed reasonably well, but the antbirds were too shy. It was getting dark, so we decided to return in the morning. Some nightbirding that evening was productive; we found an Ocellated Poorwill and a Tawny-bellied Screech-Owl .

Back on the trail early next morning, we started well by finding a pair of Blackish Antbirds , but it got undeniably frustrating after that, with lots of birds heard but not many wanting to show themselves. We chased around birds like Rose-breasted Chat and Rufous-necked Puffbird that chose not to reveal themselves, at least not to the whole group. We found the antswarm again, which covered most of 100 feet of the trail, but all the birds were elsewhere and we only heard distant, teasing calls. Amazonian birding can be like that! We did pick out a few, such as Helmeted Pygmy-Tyrant , Rufous-tailed Flatbill , and Slate-colored Grosbeak , before going on a different trail. This one was better, with good flock activity, and we picked up Fiery-capped Manakin , Black-tailed Trogon , Golden-green Woodpecker , Slender-billed Xenops , Long-winged Antwren , Dusky-capped Greenlet , and Long- billed Gnatwren before heading back for lunch. For the afternoon, we had another go at the bathing pools, but not before checking out a large clearing where we got Spix’s Guan and Brown Jacamar . The pools were more productive this time; the water level was a bit lower and we also were able to position ourselves better. We saw a lot of the same birds as before, but the male White-winged Shrike-Tanager really stole the show. Other new additions were Gray-breasted Sabrewing , Ruddy Quail-Dove , White-backed Fire-eye , White-browed Antbird , Rufous-faced Antbird , and Riverbank Warbler .

Tropical Birding www.tropicalbirding.com 7 It was our last morning at Cristalino, but we still had a few hours to fill in some of our gaps. A singing Striolated Puffbird took a while to find but showed well in the end, and we finally had decent views of some Red-billed Pied Tanagers that had avoided us in the canopy towers. A White-crested Spadebill was nice to see as well as a Blue-cheeked Jacamar . Then it was time to pack up and say goodbye, as we traveled by boat, van, airplane, and bus for the rest of the day arriving at Pousada Piuval in the Pantanal just after dark. A whole new ecosystem awaited us!

Blue-cheeked Jacamar (NA)

We were out early, enjoying a beautiful dawn as silhouettes of silhouettes of caracaras and Jabirus sailed silently by while the sky got quickly lighter. Soon we were able to make out details and started picking out Cocoi Heron , Wood Stork , Buff-necked Ibis , Limpkin , Southern Screamer , Black- collared Hawk , and more before the first flock of Hyacinth Macaws flew by and stole our attention. It was a distant view, but we would do better later. A herd of Greater Rheas slowly walked past in front of the forest, and we spent a few minutes tracking down a singing Yellowish Pipit . A distant call of Great Rufous Woodcreeper caught my ear, and suddenly we had a mission. Off we went in the direction of the call, but it is impossible to make good time when there are new birds everywhere you look. A tree full of White Woodpeckers merited long scope views, Chaco Chachalacas screeched deafeningly from the treetops, and striking Red-crested and Yellow-billed Cardinals demanded to be seen. We paused to watch a pair of Plumbeous Ibis stalking a nearby pool and then a flock of Long-tailed Ground-Doves flushed up and landed in a tree. Weren’t we supposed to be looking for some woodcreepers? No worries, they were still around, and soon we had spotted an impressive pair, along with its small cousin, the Narrow-billed Woodcreeper . On we went, seeing more than I can remember, and avoiding a very large and very unafraid caiman that was in the middle of the road. A White-fronted Woodpecker caused a stir as it’s quite rare in this part of the Pantanal, and it was soon joined by a Little Woodpecker . Our bus driver, who had gotten bored waiting in the bus, started gesturing – he had spotted a Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl . After looking at it, we got back on the bus and drove a bit farther, stopping for better views of Hyacinch Macaws , a Jabiru nest with two chicks, and a stately

Tropical Birding www.tropicalbirding.com 8 pair of Red-legged Seriemas that were drinking from a pool. The wind suddenly picked up, heralding a change in the weather, and we didn’t see much more before lunch.

Black-collared Hawk (IC)

After lunch and a short break, we drove to the edge of the “bahia”, the large body of water near Piuval that locals insist is not a lake, but rather a very wide river. Whatever you want to call it, we took a short boat ride to a small island with an observation tower, and spend a leisurely afternoon enjoying the huge numbers of birds and other wildlife surrounding us. We enjoyed the antics of the noisy Rufous Cacholotes , Greater Thornbirds , and Thrush-like Wrens in the treetops around us, while the eyesearing colors of a Orange-backed Troupial (photo right, IC ) demanded attention. A lone Giant Anteater wandered through the grass with its broom like tail raised up, while a Marsh Deer looked on nearby, and Black Skimmers and Nacunda Nighthawks coursed low over the marsh, all fantastic. We headed back on the boats as the sun set in a blaze of glory and the Band-tailed Nighthawks hawked insects overhead. There’s nothing ever quite like that first day in the Pantanal!

Tropical Birding www.tropicalbirding.com 9 It was noticeably cooler next morning; a cold front was definitely approaching. At dawn we started birding along the Transpantanal Highway ( Transpantaneira ), finding Rusty-collared Seedeater , White-tailed Goldenthroat , Chotoy Spinetail (photo right, IC ), and Rufous-fronted Thornbird , among others. Heading back to Piuval later in the morning, we stopped to see pair of Suiriri Flycatchers, then had to stop again for our best views yet of Hyacinth Macaw as a pair was perched very low in a nearby tree. After more birding and an early lunch, we left Piuval and headed south on the Transpantaneira, stopping at some pools with a staggering concentration of hungry caimans and birds, including both Yellow-billed and Large-billed Terns . Later on, we had our first Chestnut-bellied Guan as one bird ran across the road in front of us.

Chestnut-bellied Guan (IC)

We arrived at our next lodge, Pantanal Wildlife Center (formerly Santa Tereza), in time for an afternoon boat ride on the river, a relaxing way to see some great birds and mammals, like Agami and Boat-billed Herons , Bare-faced Curassow , Blue-throated Piping-Guan , American Pygmy-Kingfisher , Sungrebe (photo right, NA ), Sunbittern , Lesser Kiskadee , and Giant Otter . By the time we had returned to the lodge at sunset, the temperature had plunged and it was now quite chilly. We still bundled up and did a night drive, which was well worth it as we spotlighted two beautiful mammals, a Crab-eating Fox sitting in a field and an Ocelot running down the road.

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Birding the Pixaim River at Pantanal Wildlife Center (NA)

American Pygmy Kingfisher (IC)

Tropical Birding www.tropicalbirding.com 11 We awoke to a leaden sky and temperatures in the 50ºs F. It was threatening rain, but luckily we only got a couple of odd drops. We headed south along the Transpantaneira in our safari truck, cold even though we were bundled up in all our layers. We crossed dozens of little wooden bridges, each with its entourage of caimans , herons , egrets , sunbitterns , and ibises . We stopped a few times along the way for flocks of attractive Scarlet-headed Blackbirds, a skulky Cinereous-breasted Spinetail , a pair of noisy Fawn-breasted Wrens, and a curious Buff-bellied Hermit . Maguari Storks blocked our path as we neared the end of the road, so we got out and walked up to them, also enjoying close views of flying Nacunda Nighthawks and a rare wintering White-banded Mockingbird .

Maguari Storks in the Transpantaneira (NA)

Finally we reached the end of the cold, dusty road, and boarded motorboats that took us to the two houseboats that would be our home for the next two nights. We had planned to stay in a new tented camp in the midst of the gallery forest, but the camp was closed down by the authorities a few weeks before the tour. The houseboats were a bit cramped and noisy, but the staff went out of their way to make us comfortable (good food and drink certainly helped!). After lunch, we headed back out on the boat, motoring up the Rio Piquiri in search of the jaguars that had been seen there that morning. The sun had finally come out, providing some welcome warmth after the cold morning. After a few uneventful hours, a muffled call came through on the boatman’s radio, and he suddenly gunned the motor and sped up to full throttle. We roared up river, came around a bend, and saw a flotilla of six other boats staring intently into the bushes; there could be no doubt about what they were looking at. After receiving directions from a nearby boat, we finally saw a little patch of spotted fur through a gap in the trees. There was no doubt it was a sleeping Jaguar , but it was hardly the view we were hoping for. We waited a bit, but the cat wasn’t planning on going anywhere, and it was getting dark. Reluctantly we turned around and headed back to the houseboats.

It was another chilly morning – a second cold front had come right on the heels of the last one! We went in boats back up the Piquiri for an hour and a half, not seeing much at all except for another Brazilian Tapir . It was cold, even a little drizzly, making it a very uncomfortable ride, but the possibility of seeing a jaguar at any moment helped keep us alert. We took a welcome break from the boat by walking a new trail through the forest. The boat drivers accompanied us with bear spray and noisemakers – the jaguars here are large and bolder than anywhere else in the world, and they were taking no chances. The trail was surprisingly good considering the weather, and we quickly found a few of our targets, Rusty-backed Spinetail , Mato Grosso Antbird , and Flavescent Warbler . Mixed flocks were quite active and we searched through them for other birds like Buff-throated and Straight-billed

Tropical Birding www.tropicalbirding.com 12 Woodcreepers, Plain Antvireo , Euler’s Flycatcher , Gray-headed Tanager , and Rusty-fronted Tody-Flycatcher .

After lunch, we once again set out in the boats, this time heading up a different river called the Rio Três Irmãos (Three Brothers River). It was narrower, making it easier to see the wildlife, and it had also warmed up a little bit. It was a pleasant afternoon; we just cruised around looking for jaguars and enjoying whatever else we saw. There were a few more Sungrebes , the usual hordes of herons , egrets , and kingfishers , Aningas , Black-collared and Great Black Hawks hunting for fish, a huge colony of Neotropic Cormorants , and a family a Giant Otters . It was getting near sunset with no jaguars seen by any group that day, so we started heading back, a bit disappointed but knowing we still had another morning. However, you must always be alert in this fabulous wilderness area! We went around a bend in the river, and suddenly there he was, just sitting on a little beach on the riverbank in all his glory. I would have loved to have seen our faces as our jaws dropped, eyes went wide, and we all started whispering words of disbelief then of joy. The cameras started clicking and whirring, but he didn’t seem to mind, as he ran back and forth along the beach, swatted at the water once, then paused to have a drink. He disappeared into the forest for a minute or so, but then came back and gave an encore performance. We watched him for over ten minutes before he finally vanished into the bushes and didn’t return. Minutes later, three other boats came roaring into view, following the call that our boatman had sent out of the airwaves, but it was too late (though they did see one the next day). Amazing how a cold and miserable day had suddenly become one of the most memorable of our lifetimes. Elated, we headed back to the houseboats, celebrating and having way too many caipirinhas .

Jaguar (NA)

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Jaguar (IC)

Next morning the cold front finally started to break. We cruised around a bit on the boats enjoying whatever we saw and taking some photos. We didn’t see another Jaguar, though other groups saw him in the same spot as yesterday. After lunch, we headed back to Porto Jofre and drove back north to Pantanal Wildlife Center for another night.

With one last day in the Pantanal, we tried to target as many of the few birds we still needed as possible. Starting in open habitat, we first found a couple of White-bellied Seedeaters , then a flock Blue-crowned Parakeets flew over, screeching. Diane spotted an Ash-colored Cuckoo , a very rare austral migrant anywhere in Brazil and one of the trip’s biggest surprises. After stopping to look at a Green-backed Becard and a Plain Tyrannulet , which some of the group had missed earlier in the trip, we headed into the dark gallery forest. The trees were full of birds and it didn’t take long for us to find one of our last key birds, the gorgeous Pale-crested Woodpecker . We wandered the maze of trails picking up Blue-crowned Trogon (photo right, NA ), Stripe-necked Tody-Tyrant , Dull- capped Attila , and Buff-breasted Wren , as well as lots of other birds we had seen earlier in the trip. It was a great final morning, and nice to actually feel hot again. After lunch we packed up and reluctantly started heading back to civilization, reaching Cuiabá in the late afternoon. We ended the tour with a meal at a nearby restaurant and microbrewery, reliving the best moments of the trip. Thank you all for coming and hope to see you again on another trip in the near future!

Tropical Birding www.tropicalbirding.com 14 BIRD LIST This list includes all the bird species that were recorded by at least one of the group, including the leader. and nomenclature follow Clements, James F. The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. Sixth Edition, 2007, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, including all updates through December 2010.

Totals: 428 bird species seen 41 heard only

Abbreviations: H=Heard only (I)=Introduced species (E)=Species endemic to Brazil (follows SACC http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~remsen/SACCCountryLists.html )

RHEAS RHEIDAE Greater Rhea Rhea americana TINAMOUS TINAMIDAE H Great Tinamou Tinamus major H Cinereous Tinamou Crypturellus cinereus H Undulated Tinamou Crypturellus undulatus H Variegated Tinamou Crypturellus variegatus H Tataupa Tinamou Crypturellus tataupa SCREAMERS ANHIMIDAE Southern Screamer Chauna torquata DUCKS, GEESE, AND WATERFOWL ANATIDAE Black-bellied Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna autumnalis Muscovy Duck Cairina moschata Brazilian Teal Amazonetta brasiliensis GUANS, CHACHALACAS, CURASSOWS CRACIDAE Chaco Chachalaca Ortalis canicollis Rusty-margined Guan Penelope superciliaris Spix's Guan Penelope jacquacu Chestnut-bellied Guan (E) Penelope ochrogaster Blue-throated Piping-Guan Pipile cumanensis Red-throated Piping-Guan Pipile cujubi Razor-billed Curassow Mitu tuberosum Bare-faced Curassow Crax fasciolata STORKS CICONIIDAE Maguari Stork Ciconia maguari Jabiru Jabiru mycteria Wood Stork Mycteria americana CORMORANTS AND SHAGS PHALACROCORACIDAE Neotropic Cormorant Phalacrocorax brasilianus ANHINGAS ANHINGIDAE Anhinga Anhinga anhinga HERONS, EGRETS, AND BITTERNS ARDEIDAE H Zigzag Heron Zebrilus undulatus Least Bittern Ixobrychus exilis Rufescent Tiger-Heron Tigrisoma lineatum Cocoi Heron Ardea cocoi

Tropical Birding www.tropicalbirding.com 15 Great Egret Ardea alba Snowy Egret Egretta thula Little Blue Heron Egretta caerulea Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis Striated Heron Butorides striata Agami Heron Agamia agami Whistling Heron Syrigma sibilatrix Capped Heron Pilherodius pileatus Black-crowned Night-Heron Nycticorax nycticorax Boat-billed Heron Cochlearius cochlearius IBISES AND SPOONBILLS THRESKIORNITHIDAE Green Ibis Mesembrinibis cayennensis Bare-faced Ibis Phimosus infuscatus Plumbeous Ibis Theristicus caerulescens Buff-necked Ibis Theristicus caudatus Roseate Spoonbill Platalea ajaja NEW WORLD VULTURES CATHARTIDAE Black Vulture Coragyps atratus Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture Cathartes burrovianus Greater Yellow-headed Vulture Cathartes melambrotus King Vulture Sarcoramphus papa OSPREY PANDIONIDAE Osprey Pandion haliaetus HAWKS, EAGLES, AND KITES ACCIPITRIDAE Swallow-tailed Kite Elanoides forficatus Snail Kite Rostrhamus sociabilis Double-toothed Kite Harpagus bidentatus Plumbeous Kite Ictinia plumbea Black-collared Hawk Busarellus nigricollis Crane Hawk Geranospiza caerulescens White-browed Hawk Leucopternis kuhli Great Black-Hawk Buteogallus urubitinga Savanna Hawk Buteogallus meridionalis Roadside Hawk Buteo magnirostris White-tailed Hawk Buteo albicaudatus FALCONS AND CARACARAS FALCONIDAE H Barred Forest-Falcon Micrastur ruficollis H Cryptic Forest-Falcon Micrastur mintoni Black Caracara Daptrius ater H Red-throated Caracara Ibycter americanus Southern Caracara Caracara plancus Yellow-headed Caracara Milvago chimachima Laughing Falcon Herpetotheres cachinnans American Kestrel Falco sparverius Aplomado Falcon Falco femoralis Bat Falcon Falco rufigularis RAILS, GALLINULES, AND COOTS RALLIDAE Gray-necked Wood-Rail Aramides cajanea Purple Gallinule Porphyrio martinica FINFOOTS HELIORNITHIDAE Sungrebe Heliornis fulica

Tropical Birding www.tropicalbirding.com 16 SUNBITTERN EURYPYGIDAE Sunbittern Eurypyga helias LIMPKIN ARAMIDAE Limpkin Aramus guarauna TRUMPETERS PSOPHIIDAE Dark-winged Trumpeter (E) Psophia viridis SERIEMAS CARIAMIDAE Red-legged Seriema Cariama cristata PLOVERS AND LAPWINGS CHARADRIIDAE Pied Lapwing Vanellus cayanus Southern Lapwing Vanellus chilensis Collared Plover Charadrius collaris STILTS AND AVOCETS RECURVIROSTRIDAE Black-necked (White-backed) Stilt Himantopus mexicanus melanurus JACANAS JACANIDAE Wattled Jacana Jacana jacana GULLS, TERNS, AND SKIMMERS LARIDAE Yellow-billed Tern Sternula superciliaris Large-billed Tern Phaetusa simplex Black Skimmer Rynchops niger PIGEONS AND DOVES COLUMBIDAE Rock Pigeon Columba livia Pale-vented Pigeon Patagioenas cayennensis Scaled Pigeon Patagioenas speciosa Picazuro Pigeon Patagioenas picazuro Plumbeous Pigeon Patagioenas plumbea Ruddy Pigeon Patagioenas subvinacea Eared Dove Zenaida auriculata Ruddy Ground-Dove Columbina talpacoti Scaled Dove Columbina squammata Picui Ground-Dove Columbina picui Blue Ground-Dove Claravis pretiosa Long-tailed Ground-Dove Uropelia campestris White-tipped Dove Leptotila verreauxi Ruddy Quail-Dove Geotrygon montana PARROTS PSITTACIDAE Crimson-bellied Parakeet Pyrrhura perlata Santarem (Madeira) Parakeet Pyrrhura amazonum snethlageae Monk Parakeet Myiopsitta monachus Blue-crowned Parakeet Aratinga acuticaudata White-eyed Parakeet Aratinga leucophthalma Peach-fronted Parakeet Aratinga aurea Hyacinth Macaw Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus Chestnut-fronted Macaw Ara severus Red-and-green Macaw Ara chloropterus Scarlet Macaw Ara macao Blue-and-yellow Macaw Ara ararauna Red-bellied Macaw Orthopsittaca manilata Blue-winged Macaw Primolius maracana Yellow-collared (Golden-collared) Macaw Primolius auricollis Dusky-billed Parrotlet Forpus sclateri

Tropical Birding www.tropicalbirding.com 17 Yellow-chevroned Parakeet Brotogeris chiriri Golden-winged Parakeet Brotogeris chrysoptera White-bellied Parrot Pionites leucogaster H Orange-cheeked Parrot Pyrilia barrabandi Blue-headed Parrot Pionus menstruus Blue-fronted Parrot Amazona aestiva Kawall's Parrot (E) Amazona kawalli Red-fan Parrot Deroptyus accipitrinus CUCKOOS CUCULIDAE Little Cuckoo Coccycua minuta Ash-colored Cuckoo Coccycua cinerea Squirrel Cuckoo Piaya cayana Black-bellied Cuckoo Piaya melanogaster Guira Cuckoo Guira guira H Pheasant Cuckoo Dromococcyx phasianellus Greater Ani Crotophaga major Smooth-billed Ani Crotophaga ani OWLS STRIGIDAE Tawny-bellied Screech-Owl Megascops watsonii H Crested Owl Lophostrix cristata Great Horned Owl Bubo virginianus Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl Glaucidium brasilianum Burrowing Owl Athene cunicularia H Black-banded Owl Ciccaba huhula NIGHTJARS AND ALLIES CAPRIMULGIDAE Short-tailed Nighthawk Lurocalis semitorquatus Lesser Nighthawk Chordeiles acutipennis Band-tailed Nighthawk Nyctiprogne leucopyga Nacunda Nighthawk Podager nacunda Common Pauraque Nyctidromus albicollis Ocellated Poorwill Nyctiphrynus ocellatus Blackish Nightjar Caprimulgus nigrescens Ladder-tailed Nightjar Hydropsalis climacocerca POTOOS NYCTIBIIDAE Great Potoo Nyctibius grandis Long-tailed Potoo Nyctibius aethereus Common Potoo Nyctibius griseus SWIFTS APODIDAE H White-collared Swift Streptoprocne zonaris Amazonian Swift Chaetura viridipennis Short-tailed Swift Chaetura brachyura Gray-rumped Swift Chaetura cinereiventris Pale-rumped Swift Chaetura egregia Fork-tailed Palm-Swift Tachornis squamata HUMMINGBIRDS TROCHILIDAE White-necked Jacobin Florisuga mellivora Tapajos Hermit (E) Phaethornis aethopyga Buff-bellied Hermit Phaethornis subochraceus White-vented Violetear Colibri serrirostris Black-eared Fairy Heliothryx auritus White-tailed Goldenthroat Polytmus guainumbi Fiery-tailed Awlbill Avocettula recurvirostris

Tropical Birding www.tropicalbirding.com 18 Black-throated Mango Anthracothorax nigricollis Long-billed Starthroat Heliomaster longirostris Blue-tufted Starthroat Heliomaster furcifer Amethyst Woodstar Calliphlox amethystina Gray-breasted Sabrewing Campylopterus largipennis Swallow-tailed Hummingbird Eupetomena macroura Fork-tailed Woodnymph Thalurania furcata Glittering-throated Emerald Amazilia fimbriata Rufous-throated Sapphire Hylocharis sapphirina TROGONS TROGONIDAE Black-tailed Trogon Trogon melanurus eumorphus Green-backed (White-tailed) Trogon Trogon viridis viridis Amazonian (Violaceous) Trogon Trogon ramonianus Blue-crowned Trogon Trogon curucui Collared Trogon Trogon collaris MOTMOTS MOMOTIDAE H Amazonian (Blue-crowned) Motmot Momotus momota simplex KINGFISHERS ALCEDINIDAE Ringed Kingfisher Megaceryle torquata Amazon Kingfisher Chloroceryle amazona Green Kingfisher Chloroceryle americana Green-and-rufous Kingfisher Chloroceryle inda American Pygmy Kingfisher Chloroceryle aenea PUFFBIRDS BUCCONIDAE White-necked Puffbird Notharchus hyperrhynchus Brown-banded Puffbird Notharchus ordii Pied Puffbird Notharchus tectus Striolated Puffbird Nystalus striolatus White-eared Puffbird Nystalus chacuru H Rufous-necked Puffbird Malacoptila rufa H Rufous-capped Nunlet Nonnula ruficapilla Black-fronted Nunbird Monasa nigrifrons White-fronted Nunbird Monasa morphoeus Swallow-winged Puffbird (Swallow-wing) Chelidoptera tenebrosa JACAMARS GALBULIDAE Brown Jacamar Brachygalba lugubris Blue-cheeked Jacamar Galbula cyanicollis Rufous-tailed Jacamar Galbula ruficauda Bronzy Jacamar Galbula leucogastra Paradise Jacamar Galbula dea NEW WORLD BARBETS CAPITONIDAE Black-girdled Barbet Capito dayi TOUCANS RAMPHASTIDAE Lettered Aracari Pteroglossus inscriptus Red-necked Aracari Pteroglossus bitorquatus Chestnut-eared Aracari Pteroglossus castanotis Curl-crested Aracari Pteroglossus beauharnaesii Gould's Toucanet Selenidera gouldii Toco Toucan Ramphastos toco White-throated (Cuvier's) Toucan Ramphastos tucanus cuvieri H Channel-billed Toucan Ramphastos vitellinus culminatus

Tropical Birding www.tropicalbirding.com 19 WOODPECKERS PICIDAE Bar-breasted Piculet Picumnus aurifrons White-wedged Piculet Picumnus albosquamatus White Woodpecker Melanerpes candidus Yellow-tufted Woodpecker Melanerpes cruentatus H Checkered Woodpecker Veniliornis mixtus Little Woodpecker Veniliornis passerinus Red-stained Woodpecker Veniliornis affinis Yellow-throated Woodpecker Piculus flavigula magnus Golden-green Woodpecker Piculus chrysochloros Green-barred Woodpecker Colaptes melanochloros Campo Flicker Colaptes campestris Scale-breasted Woodpecker Celeus grammicus Pale-crested Woodpecker Celeus lugubris Ringed Woodpecker Celeus torquatus Lineated Woodpecker Dryocopus lineatus Red-necked Woodpecker Campephilus rubricollis Crimson-crested Woodpecker Campephilus melanoleucos OVENBIRDS FURNARIIDAE: FURNARIINAE Pale-legged Hornero Furnarius leucopus Rufous Hornero Furnarius rufus Chotoy Spinetail Schoeniophylax phryganophilus H Sooty-fronted Spinetail Synallaxis frontalis Cinereous-breasted Spinetail Synallaxis hypospodia White-lored Spinetail Synallaxis albilora Rusty-backed Spinetail Cranioleuca vulpina Yellow-chinned Spinetail Certhiaxis cinnamomeus Rufous-fronted (Common) Thornbird Phacellodomus rufifrons Greater Thornbird Phacellodomus ruber Rufous (Gray-crested) Cacholote Pseudoseisura unirufa Point-tailed Palmcreeper Berlepschia rikeri Chestnut-winged Hookbill Ancistrops strigilatus Rufous-rumped Foliage-gleaner Philydor erythrocercum H Buff-throated Foliage-gleaner Automolus ochrolaemus H Para Foliage-gleaner (E) Automolus paraensis Rufous-tailed Xenops Xenops milleri Slender-billed Xenops Xenops tenuirostris Plain Xenops Xenops minutus WOODCREEPERS FURNARIIDAE:DENDROCOLAPTINAE H Spot-throated Woodcreeper Certhiasomus stictolaema H White-chinned Woodcreeper Dendrocincla merula Olivaceous Woodcreeper Sittasomus griseicapillus transitivus H Long-tailed Woodcreeper Deconychura longicauda Wedge-billed Woodcreeper Glyphorynchus spirurus Long-billed Woodcreeper Nasica longirostris H Strong-billed Woodcreeper Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus Great Rufous Woodcreeper Xiphocolaptes major H Amazonian Barred-Woodcreeper Dendrocolaptes certhia Straight-billed Woodcreeper Dendroplex picus Striped Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus obsoletus Spix's Woodcreeper (E) Xiphorhynchus spixii Buff-throated Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus guttatus

Tropical Birding www.tropicalbirding.com 20 Narrow-billed Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes angustirostris Lineated Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes albolineatus Red-billed Scythebill Campylorhamphus trochilirostris TYPICAL ANTBIRDS THAMNOPHILIDAE Fasciated Antshrike Cymbilaimus lineatus Great Antshrike Taraba major Glossy Antshrike (E) luctuosus Barred Antshrike Thamnophilus doliatus Rufous-winged Antshrike Thamnophilus torquatus Plain-winged Antshrike Thamnophilus schistaceus Natterer's Slaty-Antshrike Thamnophilus stictocephalus Planalto Slaty-Antshrike (E) Thamnophilus pelzelni H Amazonian Antshrike Thamnophilus amazonicus Plain Antvireo Dysithamnus mentalis Saturnine Antshrike Thamnomanes saturninus Cinereous Antshrike Thamnomanes caesius Spot-winged Antshrike Pygiptila stellaris White-eyed Antwren Epinecrophylla leucophthalma Pygmy Antwren Myrmotherula brachyura Amazonian Streaked-Antwren Myrmotherula multostriata Plain-throated Antwren Myrmotherula hauxwelli White-flanked Antwren Myrmotherula axillaris axillaris Long-winged Antwren Myrmotherula longipennis Gray Antwren Myrmotherula menetriesii H Banded Antbird Dichrozona cincta Large-billed Antwren Herpsilochmus longirostris Rufous-winged Antwren Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus Dot-winged Antwren Microrhopias quixensis emiliae H White-fringed Antwren Formicivora grisea Rusty-backed Antwren Formicivora rufa Gray Antbird Cercomacra cinerascens Blackish Antbird Cercomacra nigrescens Mato Grosso Antbird Cercomacra melanaria White-backed Fire-eye Pyriglena leuconota White-browed Antbird Myrmoborus leucophrys Spix's Warbling-Antbird (E) Hypocnemis striata Band-tailed Antbird Hypocnemoides maculicauda Rufous-faced Antbird (E) Schistocichla rufifacies Bare-eyed Antbird (E) Rhegmatorhina gymnops Spot-backed Antbird Hylophylax naevius Black-spotted Bare-eye Phlegopsis nigromaculata ANTPITTAS GRALLARIIDAE Spotted Antpitta Hylopezus macularius TYRANT FLYCATCHERS TYRANNIDAE White-lored Tyrannulet Ornithion inerme Southern Beardless-Tyrannulet Camptostoma obsoletum Suiriri Flycatcher Suiriri suiriri suiriri Chapada Flycatcher Suiriri islerorum H Yellow-crowned Tyrannulet Tyrannulus elatus Forest Elaenia Myiopagis gaimardii Gray Elaenia Myiopagis caniceps Yellow-bellied Elaenia Elaenia flavogaster

Tropical Birding www.tropicalbirding.com 21 Large Elaenia Elaenia spectabilis Plain-crested Elaenia Elaenia cristata Lesser Elaenia Elaenia chiriquensis Sepia-capped Flycatcher Leptopogon amaurocephalus Plain Tyrannulet Inezia inornata Amazonian Tyrannulet Inezia subflava Tawny-crowned Pygmy-Tyrant Euscarthmus meloryphus Helmeted Pygmy-Tyrant Lophotriccus galeatus White-bellied Tody-Tyrant Hemitriccus griseipectus Stripe-necked Tody-Tyrant Hemitriccus striaticollis Pearly-vented Tody-Tyrant Hemitriccus margaritaceiventer Rusty-fronted Tody-Flycatcher Poecilotriccus latirostris H Spotted Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum maculatum Common Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum cinereum H Yellow-browed Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum chrysocrotaphum Yellow-olive Flycatcher Tolmomyias sulphurescens pallescens Gray-crowned Flycatcher Tolmomyias poliocephalus Yellow-breasted (Ochre-lored) Flycatcher Tolmomyias flaviventris subsimilis Golden-crowned Spadebill Platyrinchus coronatus White-crested Spadebill Platyrinchus platyrhynchos (Amazonian) Royal Flycatcher Onychorhynchus coronatus coronatus Ruddy-tailed Flycatcher Terenotriccus erythrurus Cliff Flycatcher Hirundinea ferruginea bellicosa Bran-colored Flycatcher Myiophobus fasciatus Euler's Flycatcher Lathrotriccus euleri Fuscous Flycatcher Cnemotriccus fuscatus Vermilion Flycatcher Pyrocephalus rubinus Drab Water Tyrant Ochthornis littoralis Gray Monjita Xolmis cinereus White-rumped Monjita Xolmis velatus Black-backed Water-Tyrant Fluvicola albiventer White-headed Marsh Tyrant Arundinicola leucocephala Cattle Tyrant Machetornis rixosa Large-headed Flatbill Ramphotrigon megacephalum Rufous-tailed Flatbill Ramphotrigon ruficauda H Dusky-tailed Flatbill Ramphotrigon fuscicauda Dull-capped (White-eyed) Attila Attila bolivianus H Bright-rumped Attila Attila spadiceus Rufous Casiornis Casiornis rufus Grayish Mourner Rhytipterna simplex Dusky-capped Flycatcher Myiarchus tuberculifer Short-crested Flycatcher Myiarchus ferox Brown-crested Flycatcher Myiarchus tyrannulus Lesser Kiskadee Pitangus lictor Great Kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus Boat-billed Flycatcher Megarynchus pitangua Rusty-margined Flycatcher Myiozetetes cayanensis Streaked Flycatcher Myiodynastes maculatus Variegated Flycatcher Empidonomus varius Crowned Slaty Flycatcher Empidonomus aurantioatrocristatus Sulphury Flycatcher Tyrannopsis sulphurea Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus

Tropical Birding www.tropicalbirding.com 22 COTINGAS COTINGIDAE Spangled Cotinga Cotinga cayana Screaming Piha Lipaugus vociferans Pompadour Cotinga Xipholena punicea Bare-necked Fruitcrow Gymnoderus foetidus Amazonian Umbrellabird Cephalopterus ornatus MANAKINS PIPRIDAE Dwarf Tyrant-Manakin Tyranneutes stolzmanni Fiery-capped Manakin Machaeropterus pyrocephalus Snow-capped Manakin Lepidothrix nattereri Helmeted Manakin Antilophia galeata H Blue-backed Manakin Chiroxiphia pareola Flame-crowned (Flame-crested) Manakin Heterocercus linteatus White-crowned Manakin Pipra pipra Band-tailed Manakin Pipra fasciicauda Red-headed Manakin Pipra rubrocapilla H Wing-barred Piprites Piprites chloris TITYRAS AND ALLIES TITYRIDAE Black-tailed Tityra Tityra cayana Black-crowned Tityra Tityra inquisitor Masked Tityra Tityra semifasciata Thrush-like Schiffornis Schiffornis turdina amazona White-browed Purpletuft Iodopleura isabellae Green-backed Becard Pachyramphus viridis viridis VIREOS VIREONIDAE Gray-chested Greenlet Hylophilus semicinereus Ashy-headed Greenlet Hylophilus pectoralis Dusky-capped Greenlet Hylophilus hypoxanthus Slaty-capped Shrike-Vireo Vireolanius leucotis Rufous-browed Peppershrike Cyclarhis gujanensis CROWS, JAYS, AND MAGPIES CORVIDAE Purplish Jay Cyanocorax cyanomelas Curl-crested Jay Cyanocorax cristatellus SWALLOWS HIRUNDINIDAE Black-collared Swallow Pygochelidon melanoleuca White-banded Swallow Atticora fasciata Southern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx ruficollis Gray-breasted Martin Progne chalybea Brown-chested Martin Progne tapera White-winged Swallow Tachycineta albiventer WRENS TROGLODYTIDAE Thrush-like Wren Campylorhynchus turdinus Tooth-billed Wren Odontorchilus cinereus Moustached Wren Pheugopedius genibarbis Buff-breasted Wren Cantorchilus leucotis Fawn-breasted Wren Cantorchilus guarayanus H House Wren Troglodytes aedon DONACOBIUS DONACOBIIDAE Black-capped Donacobius Donacobius atricapilla GNATCATCHERS POLIOPTILIDAE Long-billed Gnatwren Ramphocaenus melanurus

Tropical Birding www.tropicalbirding.com 23 Masked Gnatcatcher Polioptila dumicola THRUSHES AND ALLIES TURDIDAE Pale-breasted Thrush Turdus leucomelas H Hauxwell's Thrush Turdus hauxwelli Rufous-bellied Thrush Turdus rufiventris Creamy-bellied Thrush Turdus amaurochalinus MOCKINGBIRDS AND THRASHERS MIMIDAE Chalk-browed Mockingbird Mimus saturninus White-banded Mockingbird Mimus triurus WAGTAILS AND PIPITS MOTACILLIDAE Yellowish Pipit Anthus lutescens NEW WORLD WARBLERS PARULIDAE Tropical Parula Parula pitiayumi H Golden-crowned Warbler Basileuterus culicivorus White-bellied Warbler Basileuterus hypoleucus Flavescent Warbler Basileuterus flaveolus Riverbank Warbler Phaeothlypis rivularis BANANAQUIT COEREBIDAE Bananaquit Coereba flaveola TANAGERS AND ALLIES THRAUPIDAE Black-faced Tanager Schistochlamys melanopis White-banded Tanager Neothraupis fasciata Red-billed Pied Tanager Lamprospiza melanoleuca White-rumped Tanager Cypsnagra hirundinacea Chestnut-vented Conebill Conirostrum speciosum Gray-headed Tanager Eucometis penicillata White-winged Shrike-Tanager Lanio versicolor Flame-crested Tanager Tachyphonus cristatus White-shouldered Tanager Tachyphonus luctuosus White-lined Tanager Tachyphonus rufus Silver-beaked Tanager Ramphocelus carbo Blue-gray Tanager Thraupis episcopus Sayaca Tanager Thraupis sayaca Palm Tanager Thraupis palmarum Paradise Tanager Tangara chilensis Bay-headed Tanager Tangara gyrola Burnished-buff Tanager Tangara cayana Blue-necked Tanager Tangara cyanicollis Masked Tanager Tangara nigrocincta Opal-rumped Tanager Tangara velia Black-faced Dacnis Dacnis lineata Blue Dacnis Dacnis cayana Green Honeycreeper Chlorophanes spiza Swallow Tanager Tersina viridis Black-throated Saltator Saltator atricollis Grayish Saltator Saltator coerulescens Buff-throated Saltator Saltator maximus Slate-colored Grosbeak Saltator grossus BUNTINGS, SPARROWS, AND ALLIES EMBERIZIDAE Blue-black Grassquit Volatinia jacarina Plumbeous Seedeater Sporophila plumbea Rusty-collared Seedeater Sporophila collaris

Tropical Birding www.tropicalbirding.com 24 White-bellied Seedeater Sporophila leucoptera Saffron Finch Sicalis flaveola Red-crested Cardinal Paroaria coronata Red-capped Cardinal Paroaria gularis Yellow-billed Cardinal Paroaria capitata Red-crested Finch Coryphospingus cucullatus Pectoral Sparrow Arremon taciturnus Saffron-billed Sparrow Arremon flavirostris Grassland Sparrow Ammodramus humeralis CARDINALS AND ALLIES CARDINALIDAE Rose-breasted Chat Granatellus pelzelni TROUPIALS AND ALLIES ICTERIDAE Chopi Blackbird Gnorimopsar chopi Scarlet-headed Blackbird Amblyramphus holosericeus Unicolored Blackbird Agelasticus cyanopus Bay-winged Cowbird Agelaioides badius badius Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis Giant Cowbird Molothrus oryzivorus Variable Oriole Icterus pyrrhopterus periporphyrus Orange-backed Troupial Icterus croconotus Solitary Black Cacique (Solitary Cacique) Cacicus solitarius Yellow-rumped Cacique Cacicus cela Crested Oropendola Psarocolius decumanus Olive (Amazonian) Oropendola Psarocolius bifasciatus SISKINS, CROSSBILLS, AND ALLIES FRINGILLIDAE Purple-throated Euphonia Euphonia chlorotica Thick-billed Euphonia Euphonia laniirostris Golden-bellied (White-lored) Euphonia Euphonia chrysopasta Orange-bellied Euphonia Euphonia xanthogaster Rufous-bellied Euphonia Euphonia rufiventris OLD WORLD SPARROWS PASSERIDAE House Sparrow Passer domesticus

MAMMALS Giant Anteater Myrmecophaga tridactyla Tufted (Brown) Capuchin Cebus apella Black-striped Capuchin Cebus libidinosus Black Howler Alouatta caraya White-cheeked (White-whiskered) Spider Monkey Ateles marginatus Crab-eating Fox Cerdocyon thous Ocelot Leopardus pardalis Jaguar Panthera onca Tayra Eira barbara Neotropical River Otter (Southern River Otter) Lontra longicaudis Giant Otter Pteronura brasiliensis South American Coati Nasua nasua Brazilian Tapir Tapirus terrestris Wild Boar (Feral Pig) (I) Sus scrofa Collared Peccary Pecari tajacu White-lipped Peccary Tayassu pecari

Tropical Birding www.tropicalbirding.com 25 Marsh Deer Blastocerus dichotomus Red Brocket Mazama americana Capybara Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris Azara's Agouti Dasyprocta azarae Paca Cuniculus paca

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