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Struggling to Survive: Barriers to Justice for Rape Victims in Rwanda
Human Rights Watch September 2004 Vol. 16, No. 10(A) STRUGGLING TO SURVIVE: BARRIERS TO JUSTICE FOR RAPE VICTIMS IN RWANDA I. SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................... 1 II. RECOMMENDATIONS.............................................................................................. 4 III. BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................ 7 Sexual Violence during the 1994 Genocide.......................................................................... 7 Rwandan Women in the Post-Genocide Period................................................................10 IV. BARRIERS TO JUSTICE FOR SEXUAL VIOLENCE CRIMES .....................13 Genocide Prosecutions in the Rwandan Legal System.....................................................13 General Context..................................................................................................................13 Legislation Governing Genocide Trials and Gacaca.....................................................14 Cases of Sexual Violence in Genocide Trials and Gacaca Proceedings.....................18 Obstacles to Reporting Sexual Violence .............................................................................22 Victims’ Concerns Regarding Lack of Evidence ...........................................................23 Stigmatization, Retraumatization, and Inadequate Procedural Protections for Witnesses..............................................................................................................................24 -
A VORTEX of GENOCIDE C. P. DAVEY Ph.D UNIVERSITY OF
A VORTEX OF GENOCIDE C. P. DAVEY Ph.D UNIVERSITY OF BRADFORD 2019 A Vortex of Genocide Banyamulenge Identity Formation in Pursuit of the Genocidaire, Zaïre (1996- 1997) Christopher Peter DAVEY Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Faculty of Management, Law and Social Sciences University of Bradford 2019 Abstract Christopher Peter Davey A Vortex of Genocide Banyamulenge Identity Formation in Pursuit of the Genocidaire, Zaïre (1996- 1997) Keywords: AFDL, Banyamulenge, Congo, destructive crises, genocidaire, genocide, identity, intermediate space, narratives of insecurity, RPF Genocide is conventionally seen through the mutually exclusive characterisations of perpetrators and victims. Attempts to understand this phenomenon in the 1990s postcolonial African Great Lakes region suffer from this same limitation. This dissertation critiques the limiting binary of perpetrator and victim identities. By examining the messy formation of identities in genocide, this research demonstrates that the latter are layered and fluid. Using relational sociology, identities are examined through the narrative analysis of interviews with Banyamulenge soldiers who participated in the early 1990s Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), and the short-lived Alliance des Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Congo (AFDL). These soldiers witnessed first-hand the violence and devastation of the Rwandan civil war and 1994 genocide. The AFDL, under Rwandan leadership, went on to obliterate 233,000 Rwandan refugees spread across Zaïre form 1996 to 1997. A heuristic device of a vortex is used to conceptualise a process of identity formation framed by three features of genocide, namely narratives of insecurity, destructive crises, and intermediate space. RPF and Banyamulenge narratives, power relations, and relational journeys are traced through an exploration of the networks and histories of these features. -
Lasting Wounds HUMAN RIGHTS
Rwanda Lasting Wounds HUMAN RIGHTS Consequences of Genocide WATCH and War on Rwanda’s Children March 2003 Vol. 15, No. 6 (A) RWANDA LASTING WOUNDS: Consequences of Genocide and War for Rwanda’s Children I. Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................1 II. Recommendations.................................................................................................................................................................3 To the Rwandan Government: ..............................................................................................................................................3 To Rwanda’s International Donors and UNICEF: ................................................................................................................4 III. Background..........................................................................................................................................................................5 IV. Children Attacked ...............................................................................................................................................................8 Children Targeted in the Genocide.......................................................................................................................................8 Children as Victims of Combat............................................................................................................................................12 -
A VORTEX of GENOCIDE C. P. DAVEY Ph.D
Vortex of Genocide: Banyamulenge Identity Formation in Pursuit of the Genocidaire, Zaïre (1996- 1997) Item Type Thesis Authors Davey, Christopher P. Publisher University of Bradford Rights <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-nd/3.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by- nc-nd/3.0/88x31.png" /></a><br />The University of Bradford theses are licenced under a <a rel="license" href="http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/">Creative Commons Licence</a>. Download date 28/09/2021 06:07:01 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17365 A VORTEX OF GENOCIDE C. P. DAVEY Ph.D UNIVERSITY OF BRADFORD 2019 A Vortex of Genocide Banyamulenge Identity Formation in Pursuit of the Genocidaire, Zaïre (1996- 1997) Christopher Peter DAVEY Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Faculty of Management, Law and Social Sciences University of Bradford 2019 Abstract Christopher Peter Davey A Vortex of Genocide Banyamulenge Identity Formation in Pursuit of the Genocidaire, Zaïre (1996- 1997) Keywords: AFDL, Banyamulenge, Congo, destructive crises, genocidaire, genocide, identity, intermediate space, narratives of insecurity, RPF Genocide is conventionally seen through the mutually exclusive characterisations of perpetrators and victims. Attempts to understand this phenomenon in the 1990s postcolonial African Great Lakes region suffer from this same limitation. This dissertation critiques the limiting binary of perpetrator and victim identities. By examining the messy formation of identities in genocide, this research demonstrates that the latter are layered and fluid. Using relational sociology, identities are examined through the narrative analysis of interviews with Banyamulenge soldiers who participated in the early 1990s Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), and the short-lived Alliance des Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Congo (AFDL). -
Rwanda, Country Information
Rwanda, Country Information RWANDA ASSESSMENT April 2003 Country Information and Policy Unit I SCOPE OF DOCUMENT II GEOGRAPHY III ECONOMY IV HISTORY V STATE STRUCTURES VIA HUMAN RIGHTS ISSUES VIB HUMAN RIGHTS - SPECIFIC GROUPS VIC HUMAN RIGHTS - OTHER ISSUES ANNEX A: CHRONOLOGY OF MAJOR EVENTS ANNEX B: POLITICAL ORGANISATIONS ANNEX C: PROMINENT PEOPLE ANNEX D: CATEGORISATION OF GENOCIDE CRIMES REFERENCES TO SOURCE MATERIAL 1. SCOPE OF DOCUMENT 1.1 This assessment has been produced by the Country Information and Policy Unit, Immigration and Nationality Directorate, Home Office, from information obtained from a wide variety of recognised sources. The document does not contain any Home Office opinion or policy. 1.2 The assessment has been prepared for background purposes for those involved in the asylum / human rights determination process. The information it contains is not exhaustive. It concentrates on the issues most commonly raised in asylum / human rights claims made in the United Kingdom. 1.3 The assessment is sourced throughout. It is intended to be used by caseworkers as a signpost to the source material, which has been made available to them. The vast majority of the source material is readily available in the public domain. These sources have been checked for currency, and as far as can be ascertained, remained relevant and up to date at the time the document was issued. 1.4 It is intended to revise the assessment on a six-monthly basis while the country remains within the top 35 asylum-seeker producing countries in the United Kingdom. 2. GEOGRAPHY 2.1 The Rwandan Republic is a land-locked country in east-central Africa, just south of the Equator, bordered by the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) to the west, Uganda to the north, Tanzania to the east and Burundi to the south. -
WIDER Working Paper 2015/125
WIDER Working Paper 2015/125 The recent evolution of consumption poverty in Rwanda Andy McKay* December 2015 Abstract: This paper analyses the evolution of consumption poverty in Rwanda between 2001/1 and 2010/11, using three comparable good quality household surveys analysed along with detailed price data. Rwanda achieved impressive growth over this period. The first half of the 2000s was associated with slow poverty reduction and an increase in inequality, while in the second half of the period there was faster consumption growth, a sharp fall in poverty, and a modest reduction in inequality. Overall the poverty situation in Rwanda remains sensitive to agricultural conditions when the surveys are conducted. Keywords: Rwanda, poverty, household surveys, prices JEL classification: I32, O12 *University of Sussex, Department of Economics, [email protected]. This study has been prepared within the UNU-WIDER ‘Reconciling Africa’s Growth, Poverty and Inequality Trends: Growth and Poverty Project (GAPP)’. Copyright © UNU-WIDER 2015 ISSN 1798-7237 ISBN 978-92-9256-014-0 Typescript prepared by Lisa Winkler at UNU-WIDER. UNU-WIDER gratefully acknowledges the financial contributions to the research programme from the governments of Denmark, Finland, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The World Institute for Development Economics Research (WIDER) was established by the United Nations University (UNU) as its first research and training centre and started work in Helsinki, Finland in 1985. The Institute undertakes applied research and policy analysis on structural changes affecting the developing and transitional economies, provides a forum for the advocacy of policies leading to robust, equitable and environmentally sustainable growth, and promotes capacity strengthening and training in the field of economic and social policy-making. -
Gacaca, Grassroots Justice After Genocide: the Key to Reconciliation in Rwanda? Molenaar, A
Gacaca, grassroots justice after genocide: the key to reconciliation in Rwanda? Molenaar, A. Citation Molenaar, A. (2005). Gacaca, grassroots justice after genocide: the key to reconciliation in Rwanda?. Leiden: African Studies Centre. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/4645 Version: Not Applicable (or Unknown) License: Leiden University Non-exclusive license Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/4645 Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if applicable). Gacaca: grassroots justice after genocide The key to reconciliation in Rwanda? i African Studies Centre Research Report 77/2005 Gacaca: grassroots justice after genocide The key to reconciliation in Rwanda? Arthur Molenaar Published by: African Studies Centre P.O. Box 9555 2300 RB Leiden Tel: +31 (0)71 527 33 72 Fax: +31 (0)71 527 33 44 E-mail: [email protected] Website:http://asc.leidenuniv.nl ISBN 90.5448.056.4 Printed by: PrintPartners Ipskamp B.V., Enschede © African Studies Centre, Leiden, 2005 Contents List of figures vii List of tables vii Acknowledgements viii Glossary x 1 INTRODUCTION 1 Justification of methods 5 Justification of research techniques 7 Arrangement of chapters 8 2 GACACA: THE REVIVAL OR INVENTION OF TRADITION? 10 Gacaca before colonization 11 Gacaca in colonial times: The decline of legitimacy 17 Gacaca after independence: Moving away from tradition 19 The coming into being of new gacaca 21 The new gacaca law: A blend of traditions 23 The new gacaca: A unique continuation of old policies 25 3 THEORISING RECONCILIATION -
The General Census of Population and Housing in Rwanda from 16-30
1 NATIONAL CENSUS SERVICE THE GENERAL CENSUS OF POPULATION AND HOUSING RWANDA: 16 30 AUGUST 2002 REPORT ON THE PRELIMINARY RESULTS Kigali, February 2003 2 This document has been produced with financial assistance from the European Union, the Governments of the United Kingdom and the Netherlands and from the UNFPA. The ideas which are expressed herein reflect the opinion of the National Census Service, as such, do not necessarily represent the official opinion of the European Union or of the other funding bodies. 3 PREFACE The 3rd General Census of Population and Housing was held in Rwanda in August 2002 with the view to meeting three main objectives: - to improve on the knowledge on the socio-demographic characteristics of the inhabitants of this country in order to ensure a more rigorous integration of the "population" variable into social and economic plans and programmers; - to update the statistical database on population, especially after the traumatic incidents of the early 1990s which had far reaching effects on the status and evolution of this population, in other words, on the size, structure and spatial distribution of this population on the one hand, and on its internal dynamics resulting from the interplay of fertility and mortality levels and migratory flows; - to create a geo-demographic database and to update the national - sampling frame which shall enhance the conduct of subsequent population surveys. The preliminary results of this Census which have been used to produce the summary analyses presented here, obviously cannot provide enough grounds for us to declare that all the above objectives have been met. -
Justice Compromised RIGHTS the Legacy of Rwanda’S Community-Based Gacaca Courts WATCH
Rwanda HUMAN Justice Compromised RIGHTS The Legacy of Rwanda’s Community-Based Gacaca Courts WATCH Justice Compromised The Legacy of Rwanda’s Community-Based Gacaca Courts Copyright © 2011 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-56432-757-4 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch 350 Fifth Avenue, 34th floor New York, NY 10118-3299 USA Tel: +1 212 290 4700, Fax: +1 212 736 1300 [email protected] Poststraße 4-5 10178 Berlin, Germany Tel: +49 30 2593 06-10, Fax: +49 30 2593 0629 [email protected] Avenue des Gaulois, 7 1040 Brussels, Belgium Tel: + 32 (2) 732 2009, Fax: + 32 (2) 732 0471 [email protected] 64-66 Rue de Lausanne 1202 Geneva, Switzerland Tel: +41 22 738 0481, Fax: +41 22 738 1791 [email protected] 2-12 Pentonville Road, 2nd Floor London N1 9HF, UK Tel: +44 20 7713 1995, Fax: +44 20 7713 1800 [email protected] 27 Rue de Lisbonne 75008 Paris, France Tel: +33 (1)43 59 55 35, Fax: +33 (1) 43 59 55 22 [email protected] 1630 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 500 Washington, DC 20009 USA Tel: +1 202 612 4321, Fax: +1 202 612 4333 [email protected] Web Site Address: http://www.hrw.org may 2011 1-56432-757-4 Justice Compromised The Legacy of Rwanda’s Community-Based Gacaca Courts I. Summary ........................................................................................................................................ 1 II. Recommendations ......................................................................................................................... 7 To the Rwandan Government ......................................................................................................