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8820 Issn 1314 ISSN 1313 - 8820 (print) ISSN 1314 - 412X (online) Volume 8, Number 4 December 2016 2016 Editor-in-Chief Scope and policy of the journal for rewriting to the authors, if necessary. Agricultural Science and Technology /AST/ The editorial board reserves rights to reject Georgi Petkov – an International Scientific Journal of manuscripts based on priorities and space Faculty of Agriculture Agricultural and Technology Sciences is availability in the journal. Trakia University, Stara Zagora published in English in one volume of 4 The journal is committed to respect high Bulgaria issues per year, as a printed journal and in standards of ethics in the editing and electronic form. The policy of the journal is reviewing process and malpractice to publish original papers, reviews and statement. Commitments of authors Co-Editor-in-Chief short communications covering the related to authorship are also very aspects of agriculture related with life important for a high standard of ethics and Dimitar Panayotov sciences and modern technologies. It will publishing. We follow closely the Faculty of Agriculture offer opportunities to address the global Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), Trakia University, Stara Zagora needs relating to food and environment, http://publicationethics.org/resources/guid Bulgaria health, exploit the technology to provide elines innovative products and sustainable The articles appearing in this journal are development. Papers will be considered in indexed and abstracted in: DOI, EBSCO Editors and Sections aspects of both fundamental and applied Publishing Inc. and AGRIS (FAO). science in the areas of Genetics and The journal is accepted to be indexed with Genetics and Breeding Breeding, Nutrition and Physiology, the support of a project № BG051PO001- Production Systems, Agriculture and 3.3.05-0001 “Science and business” Tsanko Yablanski (Bulgaria) Environment and Product Quality and financed by Operational Programme Atanas Atanasov (Bulgaria) Safety. Other categories closely related to “Human Resources Development” of EU. Nikolay Tsenov (Bulgaria) the above topics could be considered by The title has been suggested to be Max Rothschild (USA) the editors. The detailed information of the included in SCOPUS (Elsevier) and Ihsan Soysal (Turkey) journal is available at the website. Electronic Journals Submission Form Horia Grosu (Romania) Proceedings of scientific meetings and (Thomson Reuters). Bojin Bojinov (Bulgaria) conference reports will be considered for Stoicho Metodiev (Bulgaria) special issues. Address of Editorial office: Svetlana Georgieva (Bulgaria) Agricultural Science and Technology Submission of Manuscripts Faculty of Agriculture, Trakia University Nutrition and Physiology Student's campus, 6000 Stara Zagora All manuscripts written in English should Bulgaria Nikolai Todorov (Bulgaria) be submitted as MS-Word file attachments Telephone.: +359 42 699330 Peter Surai (UK) via e-mail to [email protected]. +359 42 699446 Zervas Georgios (Greece) Manuscripts must be prepared strictly in www.agriscitech.eu Ivan Varlyakov (Bulgaria) accordance with the detailed instructions for authors at the website Technical Assistance: Production Systems www.agriscitech.eu and the instructions Nely Tsvetanova Radoslav Slavov (Bulgaria) on the last page of the journal. For each Telephone.: +359 42 699446 Dimitar Pavlov (Bulgaria) manuscript the signatures of all authors E-mail: [email protected] Bogdan Szostak (Poland) are needed confirming their consent to Banko Banev (Bulgaria) publish it and to nominate on author for Georgy Zhelyazkov (Bulgaria) correspondence. They have to be presented by a Agriculture and Environment submission letter signed by all authors. The form of the submission letter is Ramesh Kanwar (USA) available upon from request from the Martin Banov (Bulgaria) Technical Assistance or could be Peter Cornish (Australia) downloaded from the website of the journal. Manuscripts submitted to this Product Quality and Safety journal are considered if they have submitted only to it, they have not been Marin Kabakchiev (Bulgaria) published already, nor are they under Stefan Denev (Bulgaria) consideration for publication in press Vasil Atanasov (Bulgaria) elsewhere. All manuscripts are subject to Roumiana Tsenkova (Japan) editorial review and the editors reserve the right to improve style and return the paper English Editor Yanka Ivanova (Bulgaria) ISSN 1313 - 8820 (print) Volume 8, Number 4 ISSN 1314 - 412X (online) December 2016 2016 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 8, No 4, pp 306 - 309, 2016 DOI: 10.15547/ast.2016.04.059 Production Systems Efficacy and timing of some new products against pear psylla (Cacopsylla pyri L.) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae): II. Spirodiclofen V. Arnaudov* Institute of Fruit Growing, 12 Ostromila, 4004 Plovdiv, Bulgaria (Manuscript received 30 June 2016; accepted for publication 7 September 2016) Abstract. The effectiveness of spirodiclofen (Envidor® 240 SC) in the control of pear psylla (Cacopsylla pyri L.) on pear trees was evaluated in field experiments, carried out in commercial pear orchard in the village Dink near Plovdiv (Bulgaria) during 2014 – 2015. The efficacy of spirodiclofen (Envidor 240 SC ® at a dose of 600 and 800 ml/hl) in controlling this pest was compared to that of abamectin (Vertimec 018 EC at a dose 150 ml/hl). Each one of the insecticides was applied only once in the presence of predominantly "yellow" eggs and the first hatched larvae from the second generation of C. pyri. Аpplied only once at a dose of 800 ml/hl, spirodiclofen (Envidor® 240 SC) effectively reduces populations of the pest, achieving from 92.6 to 96.4% efficacy 21 days after treatment (DAT). Envidor 240 SC applied at a lower dose of 600 ml/hl had a slightly worse effect, achieving from 90.0 to 93.1% efficacy 21 DAT. The effectiveness of spirotetramat at both doses after only one application was very high and insignificantly different. In comparison with the reference insecticide (abamectin) the efficacy of spirodiclofen was slightly weaker in the first two weeks after treatment and insignificantly different at the end of the third week after the treatment (the total reduction of larvae ranged between 82.4 – 87.4% 3 DAT and 90.0 – 96.4% 21 DAT in the spirodiclofen treated plots, while in the abamectin treated plot it ranged between 92.9 – 96.5% 3 DAT and 94.0 – 98.7% 21 DAT. Spirodiclofen (Envidor® 240 SC), both tested doses gave similar results, which are significantly weaker in the first days after treatment, but significant enough and improved in time. This active substance, in contrast to abamectin, demonstrated a slow initial activity and a longer persistence. Spirodiclofen can be considered as a reliable tool to control of C. pyri and possible alternative to abamectin to prevent the risk of resistance in pest populations. Keywords: Cacopsylla pyri, pear, spirodiclofen, Envidor, Bulgaria Introduction et al., 1990; Berrada et al., 1995; Buès et al., 1999; Schaub et al., 2001; Kocourek and Stara, 2006; Civolani et al., 2007; Civolani et al., Pear psylla (Cacopsylla pyri L.) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) is 2010; Miarnau et al., 2010). In Bulgaria is also reported the considered one of the key insect pest in European pear production occurrence of resistance in some populations of C. pyri, as well as (Berrada et al., 1996). C. pyri is the most important pest in pear- reduced efficacy of some commonly used in the practice insecticides growing regions of Bulgaria, it appears regularly in gardens intensive (Harizanov, 1966; Arnaoudov and Kutinkova, 2001). The possibility spray with insecticides. Overwintering females begin to lay eggs as of developing a resistance in pest populations, well as the early as in mid-February, and the period of oviposition is long and withdrawal from the market of many used conventional insecticides usually extends into late April. First generation larvae appear before necessitates the introduction of new biorational pesticides with a flowering in early April and second generation larvae - in late April new mechanism of action, but relatively safe for beneficial and early May about two weeks after blossoming pear trees.The organisms and the environment (Horowitz and Ishaaya, 2004). sucking psyllid causes damage on new branches and deformation of Spirodiclofen is the first member of a new class of products - leaves, resulting in the occurrence of necrosis. The larvae produce ketoenoli derived from tetronic acid present on the market by the honeydew leading to increased susceptibility for sooty mold company Bayer CropScience. This product has a novel mode of (Cladosporium spp.), causing a blackening of the pear skin. Apart action expressed in blocking lipid synthesis in the body of a large from the immediate damage, the pest is also a vector of 'Candidatus number of mites and insect species, including and Cacopsylla pyri. Phytoplasma pyri', causal agent of the important disease 'Pear (De Maeyer et al., 2002a; Marčić et al., 2007). This product is Decline' (Seemüller and Schneider, 2004), which can reduce tree characterised by a new and unique mode of action and does not vigor and sometimes cause their death. show any cross resistance with any other acaricides and After the withdrawal from the market of amitraz several insecticides on the market. Due to its way of action and to the respect conventional synthetic insecticides (abamectin, organophosphates, of beneficials it is suitable for integrated pest management and anti- neonicotinoids and pyrethroids) have
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