Rabbits to Australia
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Impacts of Rabbits in Wetlands
Impacts of Rabbits in Wetlands Fact Sheet 1 Victorian distribution and habitats Diet Wild Rabbits occur throughout Victoria in a range of Rabbits are highly resilient to harsh environmental habitats from subalpine to stony deserts and subtropical conditions, including extended periods of poor nutrition. grasslands to wet coastal plains. They are particularly As herbivores, Rabbits eat a wide variety of plants, abundant in Mediterranean-type climates, but not including: green grass, herbs, young seedlings, usually in dense forests, black soil plains or above 1600 pastures, roots and crops. Rabbits can often graze m elevation1. plants to ground level and they eat up to one-third of their body weight per day. Even at moderate densities Soils are a major factor influencing local and regional (e.g. five Rabbits per ha) they can remove half the distribution. Rabbits prefer well-drained deep soils and pasture produced in an average year in Australia’s arid- warrens are more prevalent on lower slopes and flats zone5. Rabbits gain moisture from their food and do not which are usually areas that are highly productive in need access to water, except in semi-arid areas. They terms of pasture2. Rabbit densities are greatest in non- pass hard droppings, usually from eating plant stalks, or arable rough country including creeks and river banks, they pass soft droppings which are often re-eaten to erosion gullies, rocky outcrops and forest-grassland maximize nutrient uptake. interfaces3. Wetlands are particularly well suited for Rabbits due to suitable soils for warren construction. Many significant Victorian wetlands and adjacent habitats have been impacted by Rabbits, including the Kerang Lakes, Winton wetlands, Hattah-Kulkyne Lakes, Phillip Island wetlands, Cheetham wetlands and urban wetlands in the Yarra basin. -
Invasive European Rabbits in Australia
INVASIVE EUROPEAN RABBITS IN AUSTRALIA Michael Evans OBJECTIVES AND GOALS • Examine why rabbits are so successful in Australia • Understand variability in rabbit survival amongst age classes and climate conditions • Were founder effects experienced? • Examine potential control methods 2 BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION • Oryctolagus cuniculus • Originally from Iberian Peninsula. Now found nearly worldwide • Introduced from England in 1788 • Released into wild in 1859 • Large growth rate and dispersal led to roughly 600 million rabbits within 100 years • Outcompeted native bilbies which are now endangered. • Cause extensive crop damage and soil erosion. Responsible for extensive plant extinction 3 Stodart & Parer 1988 REPRODUCTION • Mostly monogamous. Dominant males are polygynous • First reproduction at 4 months • Litter size of 2-12 rabbits, although 9+ is rare • Potential for 4-7 litters in one year. Average gestation time is one month • One pair can produce 30-40 offspring in one year • Lifespan of roughly 9 years • Recover quickly from droughts 4 POPULATION CONTROL METHODS • Limited predation through foxes and eagles • Rabbit-proof fence construction in 1901. Currently three in western Australia. • Hunting for sport and food • Myxoma virus in 1950 led to myxomatosis. Led to decline but gradual increase due to resistance. • Less virulent strain currently • Rabbit haemorrhagic disease spreads beginning in 1995. Referred to as RHD. • Mortality of roughly 90% • Transferred orally, nasally, conjunctively • May be transferred to their predators 5 • Thrive in years with less than 1000mm of rain • Graph B is for populations with myxomatosis while Graph C is for RHD. • RHD causes lower survival in 4-12 months and over 12 months. 6 Tablado et al. -
Policy on Rabbits in South Australia
POLICY ON RABBITS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA Adopted by the Minister for Environment and Conservation 28 September 2005 Policy Objectives Primary producers, the environment and the public protected from damage and hazards caused by rabbits. Minimal impact on wild rabbit management programs as a result of the keeping and sale of domestic breeds of rabbits. Rabbits will not establish on offshore islands. Rabbit Research will be maintained to address immediate problems and to pursue longer term options by identifying new technologies and any potential risks to control techniques. Implementation Management of wild rabbits Landholders have a responsibility to destroy all wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) on offshore islands (except Wardang Island) and manage wild rabbits in all other areas of the State (see policy explanation and interpretation – part 4). Keeping and sale of wild rabbits. The keeping and sale of wild rabbits is prohibited in all areas. Keeping and sale of domestic breeds of rabbits in especially sensitive areas. The keeping and sale of domestic breeds of rabbits is prohibited on all offshore islands with the exception of Wardang Island where wild rabbits are already established. Keeping and sale of domestic breeds of rabbits for whole of the State (excluding offshore islands other than Wardang Island) q:\natural resources\biosecurity\apcg\policy\pest animal policies\rabbits\rabbit policy current\rabbitpolicy 2 2005.doc 6 August 2010 The deliberate release of domestic breeds of rabbits into the wild is prohibited. The keeping and sale of domestic breeds of rabbits is permitted subject to statutory requirements under other legislation (eg Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1985 and subordinate legislation, and planning regulations under the Local Government Act 1934 – see policy explanation and interpretation – part 4). -
Barunah Plains Homestead, Outbuildings and Garden Hamilton Highway, Hesse, Via Inverleigh, Wingeel Lot No
Golden Plains Shire Heritage Database DRAFT Database No. 66 Barunah Plains Homestead, Outbuildings and Garden Hamilton Highway, Hesse, via Inverleigh, Wingeel Lot No. Plan No. Municipal Rate No. Architectural Style Designer(s) Contractor(s) National Estate Register, 2003. Legislative RegistersNominated Registered Other Registers Registered Victorian Heritage Register No. National Estate RNE - Database 15759 Heritage Inventory No. RNE Legal Status Registered Precinct Heritage Overlay No. National Trust (Vic.) File G13123, B1126 Precinct Heritage Overlay Nam Nat. Trust Classification Individual Heritage Overlay No. HO20 Statement of Significance National Estate Register: Barunah Plains is a late nineteenth century homestead development and is important for exhibiting a rich array of cultural features as follows: a collection of bluestone buildings including the homestead and outbuildings; and a homestead garden and parkland with a large attractively crafted timber gate, a timber pedestrian bridge, shrubberies, a sunken croquet lawn, a rose garden and mature trees (Criterion A.3). Barunah Plains has a strong and long association with the grazing history of the western district, and thus with a major chapter of the history of Victoria (Criterion A.4). The range of structures on the property, including bakery, laundry, cottages, implement shed, stables, coach house, woolshed and ram building, is important for the way it reflects a functioning western district sheep property founded in the nineteenth century. Additionally, the ram shed and the gate providing entry to the garden and park are unusual features. The garden is also important as an example of the Gardenesque design style, exhibiting the following style characteristics: a dominance of shrubberies with minimal lawn area; use of gravel paths; and use of trees with distinctive form as features (Criterion B.2). -
Following the Camel and Compass Trail One Hundred Years On
Following the Camel and Compass Trail One Hundred Years on Ken LEIGHTON1 and James CANNING2, Australia Key words: Historical surveying, early Indigenous contact, Canning Stock Route SUMMARY In this paper, the authors Ken Leighton and James Canning tell the story of one of the most significant explorations in the history of Western Australia, carried out in arduous conditions by a dedicated Surveyor and his team in 1906. The experiences of the original expedition into remote Aboriginal homelands and the subsequent development of the iconic “Canning Stock Route” become the subject of review as the authors investigate the region and the survey after the passage of 100 years. Employing a century of improvements in surveying technology, the authors combine desktop computations with a series of field survey expeditions to compare survey results from the past and present era, often with surprising results. History Workshop - Day 2 - The World’s Greatest Surveyors - Session 4 1/21 Ken Leighton and James Canning Following the camel and compass trail one hundred years on (4130) FIG Congress 2010 Facing the Challenges – Building the Capacity Sydney Australia, 9 – 10 April 2010 Following the Camel and Compass Trail One Hundred Years on Ken LEIGHTON1 and James CANNING2, Australia ABSTRACT In the mere space of 100 years, the world of surveying has undergone both incremental and quantum leaps. This fact is exceptionally highlighted by the recent work of surveyors Ken Leighton and James Canning along Australia’s most isolated linear landscape, the Canning Stock Route. Stretching 1700 kilometres through several remote Western Australian deserts, this iconic path was originally surveyed by an exploration party in 1906, led by a celebrated Government Surveyor; Alfred Wernam Canning. -
European Wild Rabbit (Oryctolagus Cuniculus)
pean wild ro ra u b E b he feral European rabbit is one of the most i T widely distributed and abundant mammals t in Australia. It causes severe damage to the natural environment and to agriculture. Feral rabbit control (Oryctolagus cuniculus) is complicated because of welfare and harvesting issues, and because both native and introduced predators feed on feral rabbits in many parts of Australia. A combination of traditional control techniques and biological control holds the best promise for reducing feral rabbit populations Ecology and minimising the damage they cause. Feral rabbits occur in many different habitats across Australia, ranging from deserts to coastal plains — History wherever there is suitable soil for digging warrens. Domesticated rabbits arrived in Australia with the They are scarce in areas with clay soils and abundant First Fleet. In Tasmania, feral rabbits were abundant where soils are deep and sandy, such as in the north- on some estates as early as 1827. On the mainland, east of South Australia. In arid areas, feral rabbits Thomas Austin freed about a dozen on his property need access to water, but elsewhere they can often near Geelong, Victoria, in 1859. From there they obtain enough moisture from their food. spread, reaching the Queensland – New South Wales Feral rabbits are night-time grazers, preferring green border by 1886 and covering most of their present grass and herbs. They also dig below grasses to reach range by 1910. This was despite the Western Australian roots and seeds. In the breeding season, feral rabbits Government’s 1700-km rabbit-proof fence, built form territorial groups made up of one to three males between 1901 and 1907. -
Martu Paint Country
MARTU PAINT COUNTRY THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF COLOUR AND AESTHETICS IN WESTERN DESERT ROCK ART AND CONTEMPORARY ACRYLIC ART Samantha Higgs June 2016 A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of The Australian National University Copyright by Samantha Higgs 2016 All Rights Reserved Martu Paint Country This PhD research was funded as part of an Australian Research Council (ARC) Linkage Project, the Canning Stock Route (Rock art and Jukurrpa) Project, which involved the ARC, the Australian National University (ANU), the Western Australian (WA) Department of Indigenous Affairs (DIA), the Department of Environment and Climate Change WA (DEC), The Federal Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (DEWHA, now the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Population and Communities) the Kimberley Land Council (KLC), Landgate WA, the Central Desert Native Title Service (CDNTS) and Jo McDonald Cultural Heritage Management Pty Ltd (JMcD CHM). Principal researchers on the project were Dr Jo McDonald and Dr Peter Veth. The rock art used in this study was recorded by a team of people as part of the Canning Stock Route project field trips in 2008, 2009 and 2010. The rock art recording team was led by Jo McDonald and her categories for recording were used. I certify that this thesis is my own original work. Samantha Higgs Image on title page from a painting by Mulyatingki Marney, Martumili Artists. Martu Paint Country Acknowledgements Thank you to the artists and staff at Martumili Artists for their amazing generosity and patience. -
RESEARCH IMPACT EVALUATION Rabbit Biocontrol Case Study October 2017
STRATEGY, MARKET VISION AND INNOVATION RESEARCH IMPACT EVALUATION Rabbit Biocontrol Case Study October 2017 Contents 1 Executive Summary ......................................................................................................... 2 2 Purpose and audience ..................................................................................................... 5 3 Background ..................................................................................................................... 5 4 Impact Pathway .............................................................................................................. 7 Project Inputs .................................................................................................................. 7 Activities ......................................................................................................................... 8 Outputs ......................................................................................................................... 10 Outcomes...................................................................................................................... 11 Impacts ......................................................................................................................... 12 5 Clarifying the Impacts .................................................................................................... 14 Counterfactual .............................................................................................................. 14 6 Evaluating -
Volume 1, Pages 80-164
THE AUSTIN FAMILIES REGISTER THE SEPTEMBER 2006 NEWSLETTER OF THE Austin Families Genealogical Society AN INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION OF AUSTIN FAMILY RESEARCHERS CANADIAN & U.S. COUSINS DISCOVER EACH OTHER IN FORT WAYNE 2006 INTERNATIONAL AUSTIN CONVENTION Carol R. Austin, 9726 Mirage Circle Garden Grove, CA 92844. Carol’s e-mail address is [email protected]. AFGS Genealogist Pat Austin brought her thick yellow folder on the William and Ruth Austin line of Virginia AFGS Photo 81 and North Carolina to this year’s convention. It held the Cousins continuing discussions even after data collected in the 19 years since the Society’s initial convention! Top photo (facing camera, left to right): publication of this line on Austins of America PAGE 232 Linda Austin, Pat Whalon & Jackie Austin. Bottom photo: Howard Austin, Janet Austin, Marilyn Rawls in AUGUST 1987. Her compilation of names and & Pat Whalon. addresses of those researching this line was of special interest to several attendees: Marilyn Rawls of Ontario, VOLUME 2 INDEXING VOLUNTEERS Jackie and Linda Austin of Alabama, Janet and Howard Austin of Arkansas, Pat and Rodney Whalon of Indiana. Thanks to the convention attendees who volunteered to help index Austins of America - Volume 2: Cheryl Austin With Pat’s help these cousins discovered each other, and Akusis, Donald Edroy Austin, Carol Robinson Austin, became so enthused comparing notes and swapping Kathleen Cree Koble and Marilyn Louise Rawls. stories on their line that they continued their discussions long after the convention had ended (see photographs at 2007 CONVENTION SITE SELECTION right)! See PAGE 82 for more on this year’s convention AFGS members have nominated two sites for the 2007 and attendees. -
Rabbit Control Plan 2020–24
THE CITY OF GREATER GEELONG RABBIT CONTROL PLAN 2020–24 DRAFT 2. CONTENTS Mayor’s message 4 What we heard 13 Executive summary 5 What shaped this plan 14 Introduction 6 Guiding principles 14 Our region 7 Rabbit control constraints 16 Biodiversity 7 Managing risk 17 Agriculture 7 Our methodology 18 Population growth 7 Rabbit Priority Area Scoring tool 18 Rabbits in our landscape 7 Data collection, monitoring and reporting 18 Our commitment to control rabbits 8 Community engagement and support 18 Rural and Peri-Urban Advisory Committee 8 Our Rabbit Control Plan 2020–24 19 Restoring Rural Landscapes 8 Vision 19 The bigger picture 10 Goals 19 Who’s responsible for rabbit control? 10 Objectives 19 The engagement process 12 Action Plan 2020–2024 20 Community consultation 12 References 22 Phase one 12 Phase two* 12 Phase three 12 Council acknowledges Wadawurrung Traditional Owners of this land and all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People who are part of the Greater Geelong community today. 3. MAYOR’S MESSAGE From the moment with the help of funding from the City’s Restoring Rural they were introduced Landscapes program, an exciting new initiative with a in the 1850s, rabbits major focus on pest plant and animal control. have been destructive Thank you to the many members of our community who to our region’s natural have offered their insights to help the development of environment and to our this plan, including local Landcare groups and the City’s agricultural industry. Rural and Peri-Urban Advisory Committee. Thanks also In large numbers they to the City staff who have brought the plan to this point. -
Canning Stock Route, the Route I Was Attempting to Ride, Starts with No Signposts Or Warn- Ings
crossing the canning Story and photos by Jakub Postrzygacz I pedaled out of the sleepy town of Halls Creek in western Australia early in the morn- ing of September 1, 2005, full of energy and high hopes. The Canning Stock Route, the route I was attempting to ride, starts with no signposts or warn- ings. It was hard to believe that the faint path fading away in the barren land before me would emerge more than 1,200 miles later on the opposite corner of the continent. Seven hours later I was cringing in the Canning in a convoy of specially prepared faint shade of my bike, trembling from vehicles. Even today, anyone wishing to overheating and dehydration. Good judg- complete the trek must organize a substan- ment of your own capabilities is the result tial fuel drop at the route’s halfway point. of experience, but gaining that experience Many attempts to bicycle the track with is often the result of bad judgment. I was motorized backup had failed, and nobody learning fast — with many painful lessons had ever tried to ride it unsupported. I still to come. wanted to be the first. In March 2003, I went to a presentation It took me nearly two years to get ready given by National Geographic journalists for the challenge. The most complex task who had completed an epic automobile was creating a bike that, fully loaded with expedition across the Canning. My eyes supplies, could cover great distances across were riveted to images of a land so differ- a land considered impossible to ride. -
Australia: a Cultural History (Third Edition)
AUSTRALIA A CULTURAL HISTORY THIRD EDITION JOHN RICKARD AUSTRALIA Australia A CULTURAL HISTORY Third Edition John Rickard Australia: A Cultural History (Third Edition) © Copyright 2017 John Rickard All rights reserved. Apart from any uses permitted by Australia’s Copyright Act 1968, no part of this book may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the copyright owners. Inquiries should be directed to the publisher. Monash University Publishing Matheson Library and Information Services Building 40 Exhibition Walk Monash University Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia www.publishing.monash.edu Monash University Publishing brings to the world publications which advance the best traditions of humane and enlightened thought. Monash University Publishing titles pass through a rigorous process of independent peer review. www.publishing.monash.edu/books/ach-9781921867606.html Series: Australian History Series Editor: Sean Scalmer Design: Les Thomas Cover image: Aboriginal demonstrators protesting at the re-enactment of the First Fleet. The tall ships enter Sydney Harbour with the Harbour Bridge in the background on 26 January 1988 during the Bicentenary celebrations. Published in Sydney Morning Herald 26 January, 1988. Courtesy Fairfax Media Syndication, image FXJ24142. National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry: Creator: Rickard, John, author. Title: Australia : a cultural history / John Rickard. Edition: Third Edition ISBN: 9781921867606 (paperback) Subjects: Australia--History. Australia--Civilization. Australia--Social conditions. ISBN (print): 9781921867606 ISBN (PDF): 9781921867613 First published 1988 Second edition 1996 In memory of John and Juan ABOUT THE AUTHOR John Rickard is the author of two prize-winning books, Class and Politics: New South Wales, Victoria and the Early Commonwealth, 1890-1910 and H.B.