An Analysis of Connotative Meaning in Selected Maher Zain's

Home , A Lonely Night, Connotation, If I Say, Maher Zain

AN ANALYSIS OF CONNOTATIVE MEANING IN SELECTED MAHER ZAIN’S

SONGS LYRICS

A Thesis

Submitted to Letters and Humanities Faculty

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for

the Degree of Strata 1

ARMAWANSYAH 1111026000045

ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTEMENT

LETTERS AND HUMANITIES FACULTY

STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH

JAKARTA

2016

ABSTRACT

Armawansyah, An Analysis of Connotative Meaning In Selected Maher Zain‟s Song Lyrics. Thesis: English Letters Department, Letters and Humanities Faculty, State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta, 2016. This research focuses on analyzing connotative meaning inMaher Zain‟s song lyrics and also to find the message that delivered by Maher Zain. The reason for choosing a song lyrics as the main sources of data because the connotative meaning is common in the song lyrics. The song lyrics choosen as the main sources of data are Forgive Me, Hold My Hand, Thank You Allah, Palestine Will Be Free and My Little Girl. The method of this research is qualitative descriptive method to analyze the data. Within the lyrics,it is found 3 kinds of connotative meaning such as positive connotation, neutral connotation and negative connotation. From the lyrics of the song, it is found six positive connotations, four neutral connotations, and four negative connotations. InForgive Me and Thank You Allah, Maher Zain convince the relations between human to Allah such as to keep from lust and the sense of thanking to Allah swt. Meanwhile, the lyrics of Hold My Hand, Palestine Will be Free, and My Little Girl tell about how to maintain relation to the others, such as caring each others, avoid the war that harm human race, and take care the children as a given from Allah. Positive connotation is most uses in the song lyrics of Maher Zain‟s because to delivere the message to the listener in an encouraging way. Uses neutral connotation to change something that make the listener easy to understand what the author means to and uses negative connotation to deliver something bad and hated in islam. Overall, the writer found connotative meaning occurs in partial of the lyric, and the denotative meaning occurs in majority of the lyric. The message of the lyric is delivered by Maher Zain in a good structure by using positive connotative meaning.

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best my knowledge and belief. It contains no material previously published and written by another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of the University or other Institute of higher learning, except where due acknowledgement has been in the text.

Jakarta, December 17th, 2015

Armawansyah

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

In the name of Allah the most Gracious, the Most Merciful

Alhamdulillahi robbil alaamiin, all praises to Allah SWT, Almighty and

Merciful, the Great Creator and The Lord of Universe, for guiding the writer amazingly and mysteriously during the process of this research. Peace and salutation are upon the greatest prophet, Muhammad SAW, his family, and his companions.

This work cannot be completed without a great deal of help from many people, especially Drs. Saefudin, M.Pd. the writer‟s thesis advisor on writing this thesis. The deepest gratitude for his guidance, helpful correction, patient, patient, cooperation, time, and kindness until this thesis finished.

The writer also would like to express his deepest gratitude to the individuals for helping her finishing this thesis and for their contribution in the process of writing until it had become a complete work. They are as follows:

1. Mr. Prof. Dr. Sukron Kamala, M. Ag., as the dean of Letters and

Humanities Faculty, State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah,

Jakarta.

2. Mr. Drs. Saefudin, M.Pd, as the head of English Latters Department and

also as the writer‟s advisor for guiding and suggesting her in making a

good thesis from the begining until the end of writing.

3. Mrs. Elve Oktafiyani, M.Hum, as the secretary of English Letters

Department.

4. Dr. H. Muhammad Farkhan, M.Pd, the Vice Dean of Letters and

Humanities Faculty.

5. All of the lecturers in English Letters Department for teaching his many

things during study.

6. All the staff of library and academic of Adab and Humanities Faculty and

state Islamic University.

7. The writer‟s „Big family‟ especially his father Asnawi.

8. The writer‟s „Big family‟ in PAMALAYU BABEL

9. All his closed and beloved friends in English Letters Department 2011,

who have been accompanying him from the first semester.

May allah SWT, the almaighty and the merceful, bless them all. The writer realizes that this paper is not fully perfect. Therefore, the writer would like to accept any constructive suggestion to make this paper better.

Jakarta, February 12th , 2016

The writer

vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT ...... i

APPROVEMENT ...... ii

LEGALIZATION ...... iii

DECLARATION ...... iv

ACKNOWLEDGMENT ...... v

TABLE OF CONTENT ...... vii

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ...... 1

A. Background of Study ...... 1

B. Focus of the Study ...... 3

C. Research Question ...... 4

D. Significance of the Study ...... 4

E. Research Methodology...... 4

1. The Objective of Research ...... 4

2. The Method of Research ...... 5

3. The Technique of Collecting and Data Analysis ...... 5

4. The Instrument of Research ...... 6

5. Unit of Analysis ...... 6

CHAPTER II. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ...... 7

A. Previous Research ...... 7

B. Semantics and Meanings ...... 9

vii

viii

1. Semantics ...... 9

2. Meaning...... 12

2.1 Term of Meaning...... 12

2.2 Scope of Meaning ...... 13

3. Kind of meaning ...... 14

C. Linguistics and Speaker Meaning ...... 19

D. Connotation of Song Lyrics ...... 20

CHAPTER III RESEARCH FINDINGS ...... 27

A. Data Description...... 27

B. The Data Analysis ...... 29

CHAPTER IV CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ...... 43

A. Conclusions ...... 43

B. Suggestions ...... 44

BIBLIOGRAPHY ...... 45

APPENDICIES ...... 47

viii

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

As the social human being We are needs to interact with each other.

Language is the principal means of human being to communicate with each other.1 It is used to express our reaction to certain situations, and to reveal our thoughts, ideas, emotions and feelings. Language also plays important roles to the development of human and technological civilization. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbol by means of which social group cooperates.2

Communication can be built if there is an understanding between speaker and the hearer. The main aim is to indicate something or some relations or even some ideas, and it can be shown or called as it is meaning. In this case, meaning is important and significant. If the hearer cannot comprehend the meanings of the speaker try to reveal, the meaning won‟t be delivered smoothly.

Meaning can be studied through scientific study of language called

Linguistics. The branch of Linguistics which deals with meaning is called

Semantics. In Semantics, meaning is divided into two parts, literal meaning and non-literal meaning. Literal means based on the actual words. Non-literal meaning

1Lyons, J. 1981. Language and Linguistics: An Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. P. 3 2Ibid. p. 3

1 2

is the other way around.3 The speaker means something different from his literal meaning of the words, he has another intention‟s which different from the meaning of words he said. The hearer may find it is difficult to understand what the speaker wants to convey if the speaker speaks non-literally. There are a number of ways in expressing ideas which deviate from the semantic conventions, some of which are through the use of denotative and connotative meaning.

The words has two main kinds of meaning, denotation and connotation.

Denotation is the meaning of a word, which it is primarily, refers to the real word, the "dictionary definition”. It is the type of meaning which may be described in terms of a set of semantic properties which serve to identify the particular concept associated with the word in question.4 For instance “cow” shows a kind of animal,

“house” shows a kind of building.5According to Barker, connotation is “the part of the meaning of a word and he says that connotative as an implicit meaning”.6

For instance, if I say “the sun rise in the morning” (1) You may defined the word sun (1) that I mean is something big where shining the world, rises from the east and sets in the west, but if I meet to my wife or my girl friend then I say “She is my sun” (2) These two sentences used the same word, but do they have the same meaning? The word Sun in the sentence “she is my sun” is meaningful. The word sun (2) here is connotative meaning (positive connotation) that she is like a sun,

3F.R Palmer . 2010. Semantics: A new Outline, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p.14 4Ibid.p. 42 5Victoria Fromkin ; Rodman, Robert; Collin, Peter; Pilar, David. 1990. AnIntroduction to Language. London: Holt Rinehart and Winston. (second edition) p.205 6ChrisBarker. 2001. Lexical Semantic. USA: University of California, San Diego Press. p.4

which we cannot life without the sun, same like we cannot life without our wife or our girl friend.

Connotation is kind of meaning and as a part of semantics field. Therefore, the researcher focuses on “An Analysis of Connotative Meaning in Maher Zain‟s

Song Lyrics Selected”. This topic is related to the study of meaning normally refers to Semantics. In Linguistics, Semantics is the subfield that is devoted to the study of meaning, as borne on the syntactic levels of words, phrases, sentences, and even larger units of discourse (referred to as texts).

Based on the explanation above, the writer is interested in conducting research about “An Analysis of Connotative Meaning in Maher Zain‟s Song Lyrics

Selected”. The writer chooses Maher Zain‟s song because his song is very interesting to examine and researched in more detail. Besides that, the writer has a few reasons to be analysis this research. First of all, because the writer lives in

Muslim majority state and this song is full of religious message for a Muslim.

Then, the researcher takes five songs in different album. This religious side is introduction for the reader and listener that if we wants to make a good relation with our god, we must to be know about all of the way how to make a good relations to our god. Besides that, this song gives a connotative meaning and then gave a message for someone who has a bad relation to ALLAH.

B. Focus of Study

Based on the background above, the writer focuses on the Connotative meaning in Maher Zain‟s songs Lyric selected : Forgive Me, Hold My Hand,

Always Be There, Thank You Allah, Palestine will Be Free.

C. Research Question

Based on the focus of the research above, this research takes two questions. Those are as follows:

1. What are the connotative meanings of selected Maher Zain‟s songs

Lyric album “Forgive Me and Thank You Allah”?

2. How are the message delivered in selected Maher Zain‟s songs Lyric

album “Forgive Me and Thank You Allah”?

D. Significance of Study

This research is believed will increase the science of linguistics field especially in semantics and connotation meaning. Hopefully the result of this research will enrich the reader‟s understanding about connotative meaning, and can give contribution of feedback in teaching and learning English linguistic especially for connotation subject, than can give inspiration to other students who want to develop similar researches in the future.

E. Research Methodology

1. The Objective of Research

The research is hoped that it could help the reader in understanding about:

1. To find out the connotative meaning of the words in Maher‟s zain

songs lyrics selected.

2. To knowing and understanding the message that existing Maher Zain‟s

song lyrics.

2. The Method of Research

This research uses qualitative method, by analyzing the corpus to

describe about connotative meaning on the Maher Zain song lyrics: Forgive

Me, Hold My Hand, Thank You Allah, Palestine will Be Free and My Little

Girl.

The analysis includes explicating which contain explanation of entire

lyrics in detail. From analysis the writer tries to conclude connotative

meaning of each lyric.

3. The Technique of Data Collection and Data Analysis

In this research, the data collected by using bibliography technique

where is the written source used to obtain data.7 The data will be gained by

qualitative approach because the data are in the form of song lyrics with

several steps:

a. The researcher collected the data by downloading the songs and the

lyrics.

b. The writer listens to the song to find the connotative meaning of the

song lyrics.

c. The writer takes the words which are use connotative meaning of the

song lyrics.

d. After the data has been collected, the data will be analyzed, explaining

and concluding with connotation theory.

7Edi Subroto, Pengantar Metode Penelitian Linguistik Structural, (Surakarta: Sebelas Maret University Press, 1992).p.42.s

4. The Instrument of Research

This research uses the data cards as main instrument to get qualitative data when analyzing word in Maher Zain‟s song lyrics. Data cards is a relevant data that written in the card.8 Then, the data card is focused on data description then analyzed them in the data analysis. This research also makes notes, and chooses the theory which is relevant with the words and used the dictionary.

5. Unit of Analysis

The unit analysis of this research is five songs lyrics from two albums of Maher Zain‟s “Forgive Me and Thank You Allah”. The title of the song lyrics as follows:

1. Forgive Me

2. Hold My Hand

3. Thank You Allah

4. Palestine will Be Free

5. My Little Girl.

8Ibid. p.34

CHAPTER II

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

A. Previous Research

There are three relevant previous studies. The first study is by Roni

Kuswantoro (2002) that entitled “A Study on Connotative Meaning of Language

Used in Scorpion‟s Song”. In This research is aimed to show the interpretation of the connotations found in the song lyrics, the messages of the songs, and the contribution of the connotations to the messages in Linkin Park‟s song lyrics A

Thousand Suns by using Leech‟s Theory (1990).In the conclusion, He found more connotative meaning than denotative meaning, namely: Being, Cosmic, Energy,

Substantiated, Terrestrial, Object, Living, Animate and Human in Scorpion‟s

Songs and he state that the messages conveyed in the songs are mostly motivating and persuasive.9

The second study is by Mahmud Abidarda State (2010) that entitled “A

Connotative Meaning Analysis on the Word Child in Five Lyrics of Song”. This research discussed about connotative meaning of word child in five lyrics of songs. The data research are taken from five lyrics of the songs released in the year between 1980‟s to early 1990‟s, which was the time when the cold war still happening. To analyze connotative meaning of word child, the writer used the connotative semiotics theory of Roland Barthes. From these lyrics his found the

9Roni Kuswantoro Muhammadiyah, “A Study on Connotative Meaning of Language Used in Scorpion‟s Song”, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta (2002)

7 8

different connotative meaning of word child from each lyric. The word child in the lyrics when the children cry is used by white lion to connote “the new way to govern”. Michael Learn to Rock group band used the word child in the lyric

Sleeping Child used to connote “innocent and Pureness”. Cranberries group band used the word child in his lyric War Child to connote “Tool and Slave of the

Government”. Billy Joe uses the word child in his lyric Leningrad to connote “the sacrifice and victim”. Bob Dylan used the word child in his lyrics Russian to connote “weakness”. In this study the authors analyzed only the word child in five lyrics above using Roland Barthes theory. This study equation with the writer research is in analyzing the connotative meaning, it's just in this study he does not analyze another words of connotative meaning in the song lyrics and this study also uses semiotic connotative theory by Roland Barthes.10

The last study is by Elvira Sinta Hajar (2011), with her title “A

Connotation in Comic “Uncle in North of the Yukon”: A Barthes‟ Semiotics

Analysis. In her research she is used the qualitative descriptive analysis as the method of the research in analyzing the connotative meaning. In her analysis, she found out the final result that shows the relation between picture and the text of selected figures in describing the connotation. In addition, it also represents the meaning of verbal and non verbal signs on comic, so that, the reader could understand what the narrator meant. In analyzing the data, how the words and picture are combine in comics. The different of this research with writer research are in the theory that used in the research. And the corpus that she used is

10Mahmud Abidarda, “A Connotative Meaning Analysis on The Word Child in Five Lyrics of Song”, Letters and Humanities Faculty State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta (2010)

different with writer research so the result of this research will different with writer research.

Then, the position of this research from the last previous research is to analyze the song lyrics from Maher Zain in album “Forgive me and Thank You

Allah”. This research will find out the connotative meaning and explain about connotative meaning that exists in the lyrics. And also, this research is not only giving explanation about connotative meaning but also explain the message of each connotative meaning.

B. Semantics and Meanings

1. Semantics

There are many definitions of semantics. It comes from linguists. Every linguist has the owner concept and principal about semantics itself. The linguists who have critical contribution to semantics are Saeed, Lyons, Palmer, Kempson,

Yule, and so on.

One of them, Lyons states that semantics is generally is defined as the study of meanings.11 As underlined by Saeed, semantics is the study of meaning of word and sentences.12 Yule said that semantics is branch of linguistics which concerns with meaning in words, phrases, and sentences.13 Moreover, Palmer states that semantics is the technical term used to refer to the study of meaning.14

11 John Lyons. Semantics. Vol 1 (New York: Cambridge University Press,1979) p.1. 12 John.I. Saeed., Semantics. Third Edition (London: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2009) p.191 13 George Yule, The Study of Language: 4th Ed (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010), p.127.

14 F.R. Palmer. Semantics: A New Outline (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1976) p.1.

In other words, semantic is the study of meaning in word, phrases, and sentences to understand the text. Based on that perception about semantic related to internal meaning focuses on the meaning of the text.

In linguistics, semantics is the subfield that is devoted to the study of meaning, as borne on the syntactic levels of words, phrases, sentences, and even larger units of discourse (referred to as texts).15 As with any empirical science, semantics involves the interplay of concrete data with theoretical concepts.

Traditionally, Semantics has included the study of connotative sense and denotative reference, truth conditions, argument structure, thematic roles, discourse analysis, and the linkage of all of these to syntax. The decomposition perspective towards meaning holds that the meaning of words can be analyzed by defining meaning atoms or primitives, which establish a language of thought. An area of study is the meaning of compound; another is the study of relations between different linguistic expressions (homonymy, synonymy, antonym, polysemy, hyponymy etc).

Semantics is component or level of linguistic of the same kind as phonetics or grammar.16 Bloomfield describes the speech as a series stimulus (speaker‟s words as the symbol) and response (interpretation and reaction of the listener).

Relationship between the words as a symbol with object‟s reference was described by Odgen and Richards in the Triangle or Triad Semantic Theory of

Meaning as follows:

15 G.Leech. Semantics. (London: Penguin Books 1981),p.1 16F.R Palmer. Semantics: A new Outline, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010), p.5.

Object

Meaning or (thought) Linguistics sign(word)

Figure 1: The Semiotic Triangle by Ogden & Richard 17

The „symbol‟ is, of course, the linguistic element-the word, sentence, etc., and the „referent‟ the object, etc., in the world of experience, while „thought or reference‟ is concept. According to the Triangle or Triad Semantics, the theory avoids many of the problems of naming – the classification, for instance, need not be natural or universal, but merely conceptual.18

Meaning can be defined as the information in the head of the speaker of a language that allows him/her to identify the set of individuals which the word denotes. For example, the meaning of happy in English is the information in the head of the speaker that allows him to identify people who are happy; that is to know when it is correct to say that someone is happy. The meaning of ripe in english is the information in the head of the speaker that allows him to identify fruit which are ripe; that is to know when it is correct to say that the fruit is ripe.

Then, the meaning of horse in English is the information in the head of the speaker that allows him to identify the horse from other animal; that is to know when it is correct to differentiate the horse from other animals. Therefore, it can

17Ogden & Richards. The meaning of meaning(1923), p.82 18F.R Palmer. op. cit.(2010) p.26.

be understood that the meaning is all information in the head of the user of a language that allows to identifyies what the word denotes.

Semantics has a very important role for linguistics, Ferdinand de Saussure referred as the signifier (significant) and the signified (signify),19 then actually the study of linguistics without semantics is merely meaningless.20 These both components, significant and signify are things which cannot be separated each other.

The Triangle Semantics Theory of meaning shows that symbol, concept, and referent are interconnected in the creation of a language. The relationship between word and referent may only be understood through the existing concepts in the brain, both on the speaker and the listener. The concepts are as a shadow, interpreting, and understanding.

2. Meaning

2.1 Term of Meaning

Meaning is what the speaker‟s interpret or the speaker mean. Meaning is always fused in the speech of the word and sentence. In Oxford Dictionary, meaning is the relationship between languages with the world which has been agreed by the users so that can be understood. It can be concluded that meaning is the result of the relationship between languages and the world, determination of meaning occurs because the user agreement and the realization of meaning can be used to convey the information that can be understood by mutually.

19F.R Palmer (2010), op. Cit. P.5. 20John Lyons. Introduction to Theoretical Linguistics. ( New York Cambridge University Press, 1968). p. 308

According to Lyons, examine the meaning of a word or give the meaning of a word is to understand the word study which regard to the relationships the meaning that make it word is different from other words.21

2.2 Scope of Meaning

Meaning is a branch of semantics; therefore there should be boundaries within of meaning, as described by Lyons “semantics may be defined, initially and provisionally, as the study of meaning”.22 Here are some of the theories described by linguists on the restriction of meaning.

According to Crystal meaning is the basic notion to uses in linguistics both as a datum and as a criterion of analysis: linguists study meaning, and also use meaning as a criterion for studying other aspects of language. According to Trask meaning is the characteristic of a linguistic form which allows it to be used to pick out some aspect of the non-linguistic world.23

To provide in defining the meaning, we need to pay attention to the

Bussman opinions are to determine the definition of meaning can be used four kinds of constraints, namely: (1) The material aspects of linguistic expression, both phonetically and graphically; (2) the cognitive aspects involved when producing an abstract concept or when realizing the charge perceptive; (3) objects, characteristics and circumstances in the real world who are referred through

21 John Lyons, Linguistic Semantics an Introduction (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1977), p.2 22 John Lyon, op. cit. (1968) p.400 23 Trask, Op. Cit., p.120

linguistic expression; and (4) speakers and the specific context of the situation when the linguistic expression used.24

3. Kinds of Meaning

3.1 Lexical, Grammatical and Contextual meaning

The meaning of words or lexical meaning is a part of linguistic knowledge and therefore a part of the grammar. Our mental storehouse of information about words and morphemes is grammar in that the vocabulary or lexicon does not only list the lexeme (the minimal distinctive unit in semantic system of a language), but associate with each lexeme all the information that is required by the rules of grammar.

Additionally, Chaer says that lexical meaning refers to the real meaning, meaning that proper with our sense observation, or for granted meaning. It has been known that a language has amount of lexical system by which the semantics structure can be expressed based its meaning relation of paradigmatic and syntaxmatic.25

Unlike lexical meaning, grammatical meaning (functional meaning, structural meaning, and internal meaning) presents on condition that there is a grammatical process, such as affixation or tenses.26 For example, in the affixation process of suffix -er added to a stem big produces bigger, the grammatical meaning appears that the degree of the word bigger is more than the word big in terms of their lexical meaning (of great shape, size or power).

24 Hadumod Busmann. Routledge Dictionary of language and Linguistics ( Terjemahan dan suntingan dalam bahasa inggris oleh Gregory P. Trauth dan Kerstin Kazzazi. London: Routledge, 1996) pp.732-733 25Abdul Chaer. Linguistik Umum. (Jakarta: PT. Rineka Cipta, 1994) p.289 26Ibid p.290

Contextual meaning is “meaning of a word within a certain context”.27Contextual meaning is associated with the place, time and condition when the language is put into use. For example, the word rain has different meanings in each sentence below.

1. Why does it always rain on me?, Even when the sun is shining ( part of

Travis song lyrics)

2. The rain in saturday night (part of song lyrics Evi Tamala)

The word rain (1) in the first example has a meaning „sadness because of pain.‟ The word Rain (2) in the second example is the real rain that water fall from the sky. These two sentences above used the same word but it has different meaning of each word.

This grammatical information is divided into two kinds: (a) the information that it belongs to one or more subclasses of transitive verbs; and (b) all the information that is needed, including the stems, for the selection or construction of its forms (buy, buys, buying, bought).28

3.2 Referential and Non-Referential Meaning

A word or lexeme has a referential meaning if it has a referent. Such words as black, dog, paper are referential-meaning words because each has its referrent in the actual world. On the contrary, such words as since, because and then are non-referential-meaning words because they do not have a referent.29

27Ibid.p.290 28 John Lyon. Language and Linguistics. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995).p.32 29Ibid p.291

In the case of referential meaning, there are a number of words, known as deictic word, whose referent depends on the context in which it is used. The referent of these words can move from one entity to another. Deictic words include pronoun (I, he, she, you, we, they, it) which is called person deixis; words which designate space (here, there) which is called spatial deixis; words which designate time (now, yesterday, later, tomorrow) which is called temporal deixis; and demonstrative determiner (this, that, these, those).30 The interpretation of such expressions depends on the speaker and hearer sharing the same context. For example, the three words I below refer to different person.

Miley Cyrus (1) : “I never want you to leave.”(Title “I miss you” in Miley

Cyrus song lyrics)

Adele(2) : “I heard that you're settled down.”(Title “someone like

you” in Adele song lyrics)

Bruno Mars(3) : “Today I don't feel like doing anything.”(Title “The

Lazy Time” in Bruno Mars‟s song lyrics)

In the example above, the word I in the first utterance refers to Miley Cyrus (1), the second refers to Adele (2) and the last refers to Bruno Mars (3).

3.3 Denotative and connotative meaning

It is clear that there is a relationship between words and concrete objects and activities in the physical world. This relationship is commonly described as the denotative or referential meaning. Every language classifies physical reality in its own way. In English, we use the word foot to denote a leg. In Russian, there is

30 George Yule. Pragmatics. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996). p.9

no equivalent for foot – simply the word noga to denote the whole leg including the foot.31

In addition, Brinton said that “words have literal or referential meanings

(denotation) but also evoke feelings, attitudes, or opinions (connotations)”.32 Yule said that “denotative or conceptual meaning covers basic, essential components of meaning which re conveyed by the literal use of a word”.33 Some of the basic components of a word like needle in English might include „thin, sharp, steel, instrument‟. These components would be a part of the conceptual meaning of needle. However, it has an association or connotative meaning to this word which lead us to think of „painful‟.

As the researcher explains in the chapter 1 above, the denotative meaning of a word is its literal meaning – the definition you did find in the dictionary.

Denotation refers to “the words whose meanings exist in the dictionary”.34

Sometime, the components of its meaning are not mentioned. For example: the song lyrics from Beyonce with the title “If I were a boy”

If I were a boy Even just for a day

I‟d roll outta bed in the morning

And throw on what I wanted and go

Drink beer with the guys

31 D.A Wilkins. Linguistics in Language Teaching. Great Britain: ELBS (The English Language Book Society and Edward Arnold Publishers, 1983) Ltd.p.119 32 Brinton, J.L. The Structure of Modern English A Linguistic Introduction. (Amsterdam/Philadelphia.: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2000).p.132 33 George Yule. The Study of Language: an Introduction. (New York: Canbridge University Press, 1985).p.92 34 W. Widarso. Bahasa Inggris: Dialek, Ragam, Jargon, Slang, Blends, Clipped Words. (Jogjakarta: Kanisius, 1989) .p.6

And chase after girls

I‟d kick it with who I wanted

And I‟d never get confronted for it.

'Cause they‟d stick up for me.

The word „boy‟ in Beyonce song lyrics means „a male child or youth‟. Its components are: (+ male), (+ young). Furthermore, (+ Human) is not mentioned because it is clearly understood.

Another example is: the song lyrics from B5 with title "Siamese Cat Song”

We are Siamese if you please

We are Siamese if you don't please

We are from a residence of Siam

There is no finer cat than I am

The word “cat.”, the denotative meaning (how the dictionary defines

“cat”) is: “a carnivorous mammal, domesticated as a rat catcher or pet.” But in connotative meaning, it depends. If we like cats, the word “cat” may suggest graceful motion, affectionate playfulness, noble reserve and admirable self sufficiency. If we don‟t, the word might suggest stealthiest, spitefulness, coldness and haughty disdain.35

Connotative meaning is an additional sense implied or associated with a word.36Connotative meaning is subjective and not shared in the same way by all speakers of a language. The degree of the connotative value will be different for everyone since the way one perceives something in this universe and his or her

35Lyons. op.cit. p. 47 36A. Chaer, op.cit. p.292

individual experience of language is different; it depends upon the culture, geographical area and historical period.37It emerges as a result of affective or emotional feeling. For example, the words thin, lean, skinny, bony, slender and slim has a similar denotative meaning, but different connotative.

The words thin and lean are the most general and have a neutral connotative value. The words skinny (very thin, especially in an unappealing and unhealthy way) and bony (extremely thin and with prominent bones) have a negative connotation. One will feel disagreeable if he or she is said skinny or bony because these words implicitly express undernourishment or lack of nutrition. The other two words slender (gracefully and attractively thin) and slim (pleasingly thin and well-proportioned) carry a positive connotation. Hence one will feel more comfortable if he or she is said slender or slim.

C. Linguistics and Speaker Meaning

Linguistic meaning is purely the meaning of an expression in some form of language.38One can understand linguistic meaning provided that he or she possesses adequate knowledge about grammatical rules and vocabularies of a language. The meaning of linguistic meaning is determined by the meaning of its constituents and their grammatical relations. For example, the meaning of the sentence „We are in the same boat‟ is acquired from the meanings of „We‟ + „are‟

+ „in‟ + „the‟ + „same‟ + „boat‟.39

37 G. Leech. Semantics. (London: Penguin, 1974). p.15

38 B.U. Siregar. Introductory Notes on Semantics. (Medan: Fakultas Sastra USU, 2005). p.8 39G. Leech. op. cit p. 212

Speaker meaning is what a speaker means when producing his or her utterance. Although words cannot be used to mean something what they do not mean, there is a tendency of a speaker to use a word to mean something different from what it means literally. In other words, a speaker sometimes speaks non- literally. Thus, if someone is speaking non-literally, then he or she will means something different from what his or her words mean literally.40

There are several ways of speaking non-literally; one way of speaking non-literally is through the use of connotation. Connotation is a group of words with set meanings that cannot be calculated by adding up the separate meanings of the parts. The meaning of a connotation expression cannot be predicted either lexically or grammatically. For example, the meaning of the sentence „We are in the same boat‟ has a literal meaning that can be summed up from the meaning of its constituents. But the sentence also has a connotation meaning „having the same problems as somebody else.‟

D. Connotation of Songs Lyrics

1. The meaning of Lyrics

Lyric derives from the Greek word lyrikos, meaning "singing to the lyre”

A lyric poem is one that expresses a subjective, personal point of view. The word lyric came to be used for the "word sofa song"; this meaning was recorded in

1876. The common plural (perhaps because of the association between the plurals lyrics and words), predominates contemporary usage. Use of the singular form

40Ibid. p.10

lyric remains grammatically acceptable, yet remains considered erroneous in referring to a singular song word as a lyric.41

The definition of lyric is a short poem usually divided into stanza or strophes and directly expressing the poet own thoughts and sentiments. Since lyrics become the part of songs or poem, it cannot be denied that lyric can influence the beauty of the song or poem, because the beauty of the song or poem depends on the beauty of the lyrics.

In addition Abrams states that lyric is “any fairy short poem, consisting of the utterance by a single speaker who expresses a state of mind on a process of perception, thought and feeling”.42 Furthermore, he states that in the original

Greek, lyric signified a song rendered to the accompaniment of lyric. He also adds that in some current usages, lyric still retains the sense of a poem written to be set to music, for instance, the hymn is a lyric on a religious subject that is intended to be sung.

2. Connotation of Lyrics

Lir-Ilir, Tandure wus sumilir....” „Wake up, the plant has been grown.‟

This part of song lyrics from Java. The sentence above has a connotative meaning, the words wake up, the plant and grown there is no the real and fake meaning. The word wake up it mean that to be awake, relax by moving with our

41Hedra Krisdiato,pesan Lirik lagu, accessed on November 2,2009 http://en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/lyrics, p.3

42 M.H Abrams. A Glossary of Literary Terms. (Harcourt Brace College Publisher: Orlando, 2002) p.108

arm to get the fresh air, this word means that we have to be always conscious and aware of the situation. The words the plant has been grown mean the “plants” is as the representation of the moslem society that had already been growing at that time. The ideological color of moslem is green. The words in that lyrics include positive connotation, because grown of plant is symbol of life. The writer will use the word die, to show the negative connotation. That song lyrics contains the religious message that we should be aware of our sins and repent immediately to

Allah SWT with always be faith to Allah‟s commands and avoid all Allah‟s prohibitions. Not only it, but also we must wake up for Dakwah in the right way to Allah SWT.

Connotation is the kind of lexical meaning which is related to the certain item it refers to. According to Pateda he states that “connotation is the meaning which appears by association of language used by the speaker or listener about the language which they speak or read”.43Chris Barker state that connotation is “the part of the meaning of a word and he says that connotative as an implicit meaning”.44

Connotation is more or less synonymous with intension. Connotation is often contrasted with denotation, which is more or less synonymous with extension. Alternatively, the connotation of the word may be thought of as the set of all its possible referents (as opposed to merely the actual ones). A word's denotation is the collection of things it refers to; its connotation is what it implied

43 Prof.Dr. Mansoer Pateda. 2001. Semantik Leksikal. Jakarta. Rineka Cipta.p.112 44Chris Barker. 2001. Lexical Semantic. USA: University of California, San Diego Press. p.4

about the things it is used to refer to. The denotation of dog is (something like) four-legged canine carnivore. So saying "you are a dog" would imply that you were ugly or aggressive rather than stating that you were canine. Connotation also the kind of meaning which is indicated that we abstract away from emotional and sociocultural aspects of meaning, restricting ourselves to what an expression refers to. For example word dog in Arabic if someone called as a dog you are not good people because in Arab dog has negative connotation as the dirty animal in contras in west country dog has good connotation as the symbol of faithfulness.

Connotations are shifting and idiosyncratic associations which a word may have for some speaker but not for others (as opposed to the fixed and generally accepted meaning of word). For instance, the word “feminist” and “environment” tend to have very different connotations depending on a person‟s attitudes and experience.

Connotation plays a major role in the language of advertising, politics and literature. For example the word “democracy, freedom, and communist” often occur with emotive connotations of such highly-charged nature that speaker may be blind to the fact that there is no agreed-upon definition underlying their use. It is their potent affective meanings which makes such words attractive to the propagandist or political fanatic who wishes to arouse strong feeling without inviting critical examination of his case.45

In addition, Brinton said that words have literal or referential meanings

(denotation) but also evoke feelings, attitudes, or opinions (connotation). Yule

45 Victoria Fromkin; Rodman, Robert; Collin, Peter; Pilar, David. 1990. An Introduction to Language. London: Holt Rinehart and Winston.p.206

said that denotative or conceptual meaning covers basic, essential component of meaning which re conveyed by the literal use of a word.46 Some of the basic components of a word like needle in English might include „thin, sharp, steel, instrument‟. These components would be a part of the conceptual meaning of needle. However, it has an association or connotative meaning to this word which lead us to think of „painful‟.

Connotation is more complicated than denotation. Chaer states that besides the denotative meaning, a word sometimes has the emotional overtones or we call

„connotative‟ meaning.47 The other important thing whenever we are talking about connotation is that the involvement of affective and emotive in our mind.

In addition, Chaer states that connotative meaning can be divided into two kinds, namely positive connotative (purr word) and negative connotative (snarl word). Besides the positive and negative connotative meaning, there is neutral that is most of them is jargon language.48

Here are the examples of positive and negative connotative meaning.

Positive Connotation Neutral Negative Connotation

Cottage Shanty/shack

Soiled linen Dirty Underwear

Sanitary engineer Dustman/ Garbage man

Lingering illness Carcinoma Cancer

Mercy Killing Euthanasia Legal Murder

46 Yule .1985. Op.Cit.p.92 47 Chaer., op. cit. p.292 48Ibid., p. 292

Pass away Die Kick the bucket

Mentally unbalanced Psychotic Mad/Crazy

Words such as celebration, springtime, and kiss arouse unique assemblages of positive emotional connotations. Words such as homeless, cancer, and rape summon clouds of negative emotional connotations. Many words and phrases, such as bullfight, call up mixed positive and negative connotations.

Connotative meaning also includes the evocation of other sensations and impressions, such as power (e.g., war) and activity (e.g., carnival).

In addition, a dictionary provides the following denotative meaning for the word pub:

"A building providing alcoholic drinks for consumption on the premises."49

However, the word pub simultaneously evokes a host of emotional connotations, such as merriment, pleasure, cheerfulness, perhaps some sadness, and so on. Similarly, words such as summer, love, and melody carry a variety of positive emotional connotative associations for most people, while words such as cancer, rape, and homeless have negative emotional connotations. In all cases, the associated connotations are not systematically accessible using any known language reference resource or tool.

49 A.S. Hornby. Oxford Advance Learner‟s Dictionary Sixth Edition. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2000). P.200

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH FINDING

A. Data Description

In the third chapter the writer will describe the analysis of connotation in selected lyrics of Maher Zain‟s songs. There are five songs that will be analyzed as the corpuses of this research. The five Maher Zain‟s songs lyric provide:

(1)Forgive Me (2)Hold My Hand (3) Thank You Allah (4) Palestine will Be Free

(5) My Little Girl

This study is aimed to find a connotation that exists in the song lyrics.

Therefore, after the data has been collected, the next step is data analysis. It means by reading and observing the data has been collected, the writer does the analysis process. The following table shows the connotation meanings on Maher Zain song lyrics as the data.

Table 1: Connotative Meaning and Kind of Connotative

No Songs Title Connotative Meaning Kind of Connotative

1 Forgive Me I am About to Lose the battle Negative Connotation

(L.1)

2 Hold my hand The flowers kinda crying loud Positive Connotation

(L.1)

3 Hold my hand The breezes sound in sad (L.2) Positive Connotation

4 Hold my hand Did we really turn Negative Connotation

outBlind(L.7)

26 27

5 Hold my hand Children seem like they have Positive Connotation

lost Their Smile (L.24)

6 Hold my hand Im always gonna be your Neutral Connotation

neighbor (L.47)

7 Thank you Allah I wandered lost in the dark Negative Connotation

(L.3)

8 Thank you Allah You Brought Me Home (L.6) Neutral Connotation

9 Thank you Allah And That When you opened Neutral Connotation

the doors for me (L.16)

10 Palestine will be I keep my head high (L.10) Positive Connotation

free

11 Palestine will be Like drops of rain in the Negative Connotation

free sun'slight (L.15)

12 Palestine will be I Know That I am Only a Neutral Connotation

free Child (L.21)

13 My little girl You are a blessing from above Positive Connotation

(L.2)

14 My little girl You're like a shining star Positive Connotation

(L.18)

B. Data Analysis

In this data analysis, the writer uses theory of John Lyons and another theory to help this research.

Song Title “Forgive me”

B.1 Data.1 Expression: I AM ABOUT LOSE THE “BATTLE” a). The Denotative Meaning

Before seeking connotation meaning of lyric the writer has to find a denotation or common meaning contained in the lyric itself. The word lose means attended with defeat or fail to win (a game, contest, etc.) and the word battle has several meanings (1) a military fight between groups of soldiers, ships, airplanes, etc. (2) a violent fight in which people use weapons. 50 b) The Connotative Meaning

In the song lyrics above the sentence “Lost the battle” is not the true meaning, but connotative meaning, we can see from the second definition of battle above “a violent fight in which people use weapons”. As in the lyrics of the song,

Maher Zain does not mention about the weapon or the bomb and the other tools of war. The lyric “lost the battle” here has the implicit meaning; “Lost the battle” means as fail in running life on earth “I am about to fail in running life on earth.

The song writer tries to implement a life like the battle because real life is a battle, there are only two options: win or lose the battle. In Islam the person who wins in a battle is the one who can perform the duties ordered by ALLAH SWT and away from the ban. The word “battle” has negative connotation because Islam is peaceful religion and does not encourage the people to be in war. The positive connotation is “running life”. The author use battle word instead of war, because war involves an amount of people, whereas the word battle is for someone to someone. In this case the battle here is about our relation with God.

50Random House Webster‟s College Dictionary (copyright by random house, inc. 2010) p. 106

c) The Message

The lyrics contain the message to be conveyed by the author, the author hopes the listeners to be aware of the mistakes that have been done over the years.

The authors hope that the listeners get back to straight path and apologize to Allah

SWT.

Song Title “Hold my Hand”

B.2 Data.2 Expression: THE “FLOWER” KINDA CRYING LOUD a) The Denotative Meaning

According to denotative meaning the word Flower (N) means (1) the part of a plant that is often brightly colored, that usually lasts a short time, (2) from which the seed or fruit develops. Crying (adj) means (1) to produce tears from your eyes often while making loud sounds because of pain, sorrow, or other strong emotions (2) to shout or say something loudly. Loud (adj) means (1) making or causing a lot of noise: strong and noticeable in sound (2) of a person: noisy in a way that brother other people.51 b) The Connotative Meaning

The word “flower” in connotation means human being. The humans are like a flower that cries out loud. The author uses the word “flower” as a human because the flower is life like human beings and need food to survive. The word

“Flower” is a symbol of beauty, colorful and alive in a short time. Crying is a symbol of grief, pain and suffering. The word “loud” here connotes hard or strong or very. From the explanation above the lyrics known as the connotations of the

51 Ibid. p. 473

lyrics are human beings who are suffering. The sentence "I hear the flower kinda crying loud" connotes "I hear the human being in hard suffering" this is positive connotation because the flower is identical with smell good and good looking.

The author can use the word “dog” or “pork” as the negative connotation such as;

“the dog kinda crying loud”. Why the author using the word “flower” not

“blossom” because the term “flower” is most popular than “blossom” and the word “flower” especially applies when part or all of the reproductive structure is distinctive in color and form. “Blossom” is a term which given to the flower of stone fruit trees (genus prunus). c) The Message

In these song lyrics the author gives the message that many of our brothers who are crying is because of the suffering and the pain that they are experiencing out there. We should care about the pain they experience and help them in many ways.

B.3 Data.3 Expression: “THE BREEZES” SOUND IN SAD a) The Denotative Meaning

According to denotative meaning the word “Breezes” means a wind that from four to 31 miles (6 to 50 kilometers) an hour. “Sound” means a noise that someone or something makes. “Sad” means affected with or expressive of grief or unhappiness:52 b) The Connotative Meaning

52Ibid. p. 152

The connotation of these lyrics is the word “breezes”. This lyric is not much different with the previous one, in this lyric the author still telling about sadness. The author uses the word “breezes” as a mediator to tell about sadness that happen to his brother. The word “breezes” here is a symbol of something that can be heard and felt, but cannot be seen. The author hears the sound in sad on his brother who cannot be seen by him, but can be felt of their experience. This is positive connotation because the “Breezes” is slow wind, the neutral connotation is wind and the negative connotation is “Tornado”. The author does not use the wind because the word wind is too general than the word “Breezes”. c) The Message

In this lyric, the author gives the message that there are many brothers and sisters who are suffering, but we cannot see their sufers.

B.4 Data. 4 Expressions: DID WE REALLY TURN OUT “BLIND” a) The Denotative Meaning

The word blind in denotation means unable to see or has two eyes but cannot see the view around.53 b) The Connotative Meaning

In this lyric the author uses interrogative sentence. The sentence “did we really turn out blend” is interrogative sentence that tends to the listener. The word

“blind” here connotes “pretend do not see” or “cannot see the suffer that our brother perceived”. In the next lyric “we don‟t see that we have kept hurting each other”, the word blind and see are two contrast things. Both blind and see cannot

53Ibid. p. 131

be separated with sense of sight that is eyes, but here both of them not addressed to the eyes but to the heart. The word “blind” is negative connotation because the word blind here is pretend to blind and not really blind. The author does not use the word “sightless or unseeing” because both of them are spell able in the song. c) The Message

The message of the lyric to the listener is we should care to our brothers and sisters who are experiencing difficulties out there because we really know what our brother felt, but we pretend to careless. The words really seemed to be affirmed us that in fact we aware, but pretend to careless.

B.5 Data. 5 Expression: CHILDREN SEEM LIKE THEY'VE LOST THEIR

“SMILE” a) The Denotative Meaning

“Children” means a young person, a son or daughter. “Smile” means to make the corners of your mouth turn up in an expression that shows happiness, amusement, pleasure, affection, etc.54 b) The Connotative Meaning

From the explanation above we can find out what the meaning of

“children” and “smile”. Child's world is a world where periods of playing that there is no problem and always be happy with his friends. The sentence “lost their smile” means lost their time to play with their friends. The word "smile” here is full of meaning, smile is not only the movement of lips, but smile is symbol of happiness, amusement, pleasure, affection, etc. So the sentence “Children seem

54Ibid. p. 1157

like they‟ve lost their smile” connotes “Children seem like they‟ve lost their time to play”. The word “smile” is positive connotation because smiling is giving happiness to each other‟s and the negative connotation is “laughing” because laughing is not too good in Islam religion. The synonym of the word smile is

“smirk”, Maher Zain does not use “smirk” to change the word “smile” because firstly, the word “smile” is most popular than the word “smirk”, secondly the word “smirk” is not really “smile”, it means not smile come from heart or soul, but it is only pretended smile. c) The Message:

From the word “smile” above the author gives the message that the hostility and warfare we have eliminated the happiness in children who armpits guilty. Supposedly the kids do not deserve this kind of treatment just because of their selfishness.

B.6 Data. 6 Expression: I’M ALWAYS GONNA BE YOUR “NEIGHBOR” a) The Denotative Meaning

In denotative meaning Neighbor means a person who lives next to or near with another person.55 b) The Connotative Meaning

The words “neighbor” has connotative meaning, the word neighbor means to show that we are brother or "I'm always gonna be your brother". The author uses the word neighbor to show that we are brothers because the neighbor is the closest person in our life. So the word neighbor connote to Brother. The word

55Ibid. p. 823

neighbor is neutral connotation, the positive connotation is next-door neighbor and the negative connotation is bystander. The author used the word “neighbor because most popular than the other words. c) The Message

In this song lyric, there is implicit message that we are brothers although our distance so far away. We are still being neighbors although distance separates us.

In hadits the prophet Muhammad said, "A Muslim is a brother of another

Muslim".

Song Title “Thank You Allah”

B. 7 Data. 7 Expressions: I WANDERED LOST IN “THE DARK” a) The Denotative Meaning

The word wandered means to move around or go to different places usually without having a particular purpose or direction. The dark means having very little or no light, not light in color: of a color that closer to black than white.56 b) The Connotative Meaning

The word “wandered” in these song lyrics addressed to the author himself.

The author assuming that he is a lost wanderer. Usually the wandered is without having a particular purpose or leader. He considers that he had no destination in life or even part of the way God Almighty as the goal of his life. The word dark is usually synonymous with the black color and the black color is usually tended to things that are negative as the symbol of darkness, gloomy and scary. The word

“dark” in the connotative means “gloomy period” where the author being far away

56Ibid. p. 315

from Allah. The word dark is negative connotation because the dark in Islam is the symbol of sin or the symbol of the hell. The positive connotation is obscure and the neutral connotation is “unclear”. c) The Message

In this song lyric there are messages delivered by the authors that we are like a wanderer lost in the dark. Life is like a long journey that must be passed; only there are two options that we can choose. The right path or the wrong path, the right path will lead us to our final destination is heaven and the wrong path will take us to the darkness of hell.

B. 8 Data. 8 Expressions: YOU BROUGHT ME “HOME” a) The Denotative Meaning

The word Home means the place (such as a house or apartment) where a person lives, a family living together in one building, house, etc.57 b) The Connotative Meaning

The word you are referring to ALLAH as a god of Moeslim society. The word “home” has connotations, the word home don‟t mean that the home like we knew such as has the roof, has pillar or wall, but the home here means back to the right way that Allah bless. “You brought me Home” means Allah brought me to go back to the right way. We can see from the previous lyric “I walked everyday

Further and further away from you O Allah”. So the word “Home” here means

“back to the way of Allah”. The word “home” here is neutral connotation. Maher

Zain don‟t uses the other word like the word “house” because the house is the

57Ibid. p. 588

building live able or habitable and the house consist of living room, the kitchen, the bad room, the roof, the door and so on. The “home” is an explanation a place where we feel comfortable if you are there even though it was not house. c) The Message

In the lyrics above there a message give to us that GOD is always with us, always lead us to re-beaten way. No matter how far we go left from Allah, but he always wanted us to go back to his way. From the word “home” we know Maher

Zain want to tell us that the real home we will go back is to the way of Allah.

B. 9 Data. 9 Expression: AND THAT'S WHEN YOU OPENED THE

“DOORS” FOR ME a) The Denotative Meaning

The word the doors means a moveable piece of wood, glass, or metal that swings or slides open and shut so that people can enter or leave a room, building, vehicle, etc. - a part of an object (such as piece of furniture or an appliance) that swings or slides open and shut.58 b) The Connotative Meaning

The “door” is a place where people want to go into the house, building or other room. The door will open when homeowners allow entry, but when the door closed so no one could get into the house. Here, the sentence when you open the doors for me means when “you forgive me” or give me the chance to change the manner. The word “door” is neutral connotation. Maher Zain doesn‟t use the word

58Ibid. p. 367

“gate” to change the “door” because the “gate” is for large door and generally the gate is for outside the house. c) The Message

The message to be conveyed in the song lyric are ALLAH always give us the chance to change our life way. From the word “door” we know that the chance always there for whoever want to repent.

Song Title “Palestine Will Be Free”

B. 10 Data. 10 Expressions: I KEEP MY “HEAD” HIGH a) The Denotative Meaning

The word head means (1) the part of the body containing the brain, eyes, ears, nose, and mouth (2) a person‟s mental ability: mind or intellect (3) a person who has a specified mental or emotional quality.59 b) The Connotative Meaning

The word my “head” high means that they (the people of Palestine) did not give up and continue to defend him. The word “head” is a symbol of power in the human body as we know that hair is a crown that exists within the human body, it is located in the head, the brain is a tool for thinking if it is broken, then the human would be crazy, it was located in the head. Almost all senses of the human body that is located in the head. I keep my head high means I keep my power high. The word “head” in the song lyrics is positive connotation because the head here is a symbol of spirit and never give up. Maher Zain don‟t use the other part

59Ibid. p. 565

of body to change the word “head” because the word head is most precious than the other part of body. c) The Message

From the word Head that the people of Palestine are never give up, they always keep their spirit high. The message delivered by Maher Zain that we have to keep fighting for our rights, do not give up and keep our self-respect.

B.11 Data.11 Expression: LIKE DROPS OF “RAIN” IN THE SUN'S LIGHT a) The Denotative Meaning

The rain (N) means (1) water that falls in drops from clouds in the sky (2) weather in which there is a lot of rain: rainy weather (3) large amounts of rain that fall at a particular time of year.60 b) The Connotative Meaning

The author assumed that the rockets and the bombs were falling like rain.

The rain is a symbol of waterfall from the sky and unavoidable seem like the bombs and rockets that fell was not a bit and unavoidable. The word sunlight is a connotation that is usually when the rains fall there is no sunlight, but in this lyric there is sun when it rains. There were connotations contained in the lyrics during the single day that bombs and rockets continue to destroy Palestine. The word

“rain” is negative connotation because the word rain above refers to rocket and bomb that destroy Palestine. Maher Zain uses the word “rain” don‟t uses the word

“drizzle” because the word drizzle is for little rain that drooped. The bombs and rocket in Palestine is in serious condition.

60Ibid. p. 1018

c) The Message

In this song lyrics contained the message to be conveyed. The author wants to tell to the audience that the suffered situation by his brothers in Palestine.

Bombs and rockets had been like the rain falling in the day and the night.

B. 12 Data. 12 Expression: I KNOW THAT I'M ONLY A “CHILD” a) The Denotative Meaning

The word child means (1) a young person, (2) a son or daughter, (3) an adult who acts like a child or childish person.61 b) The Connotative Meaning

The word “child” is a symbol of something small, have not strong power and cannot do something more. The word child is aimed at Palestine state that the state of Palestine is a small country, which it does not have power in the eyes of the world. Palestine countries do not have sophisticated equipment such as armed conflicts the enemy is owned by the state of Israel. The word child here is to inform the other that Palestine is only small state and need help from the other.

The word child is neutral connotation, the negative connotation is adult, and positive connotation is baby. Maher Zain uses the word “child” don‟t uses the word “kid” because it is only for one‟s people not for many people. c) The Message

The message conveyed in these song lyrics of is that even though we are in a small viewing by other nations but that does not mean we cannot fight and had no self-esteem.

61Ibid. p. 211

Song Title “My Little Girl”

B.13 Data. 13 Expressions: YOU ARE A BLESSING FROM “ABOVE” a) The Denotative Meaning

The word Blessing (N) means (1) approval that allows or helps you to do something (2) help and approval from god (3) something that helps you or brings happiness. Above (adverb) means (1) in or to a higher place (2) in or to higher rank or number (3) above zero.62 b) The Connotative Meaning

The word “above” in connotation means god Allah. In that lyrics, the word before the word “above” includes the word “blessing”. The blessing is only from god and the one that who can give the blessing to us only god. The word god is replaced with the word above because God is exalted there is no higher than anything else. There are many songs that changed the word god into above one of them is "It's the greatest thing from the man above" song lyric from THE

CRANBERRIES with the title "Just My Imagination". So the sentence “you are the blessing from above” connotes “you are the blessing from God Allah”. The word above here is positive connotation because it refers to Allah. Maher Zain don‟t use the word “over” to change the word “above” because the word over is for something that more shows the movement of one location or from the position of one to another. c) The Message

62Ibid. p. 4

The message of this song lyrics above are that we have to maintain, cherish and train our children in order to be a good person, devout to his parents and his god ALLAH. As we know something that given by gods we must guard because everything will be accounted in the Day of Judgment.

B. 14 Data. 14 Expression: YOU'RE LIKE A SHINING “STAR” a) The Denotative Meaning

The word “shining” (adj) are producing or reflecting a bright steady light excellent or perfect. Star (N) means (1) any one of the object in space that are made of burning gas and that look like points of light in the night sky (2) a star or planet especially in a certain position that is believed in astrology to influence people‟s lives (3) something (such as a symbol or medal) with five or more points that represents or suggests a star.63 b) The Connotative Meaning

The word “shining star” is the implementation of one's nature and in this song lyric the words shining star addressed to a child of the author. Shining star looks beautiful in the sky when the night comes and light up when the dark, likewise with the child gives a new color in life, able to give spirit and motivation when we are in the sadness. You are like a shining star connotes you are give new color in my life and accompany me in a lonely night. The word star is positive connotation because the star here means something good, like shining, height, and colorful. Maher Zain doesn‟t use the other word like the moon or the sun to change the word star, as we know both of them also shining. Maher Zain doesn‟t

63Ibid. p. 1194

use those words because he tells about his little girl and as we know the star is the smaller one which we can see from the earth. c) The Message

The messages to be conveyed in this song lyric are our child is color given in our life, make her like the stars in the sky that is capable of illuminating the dark and helper in the hereafter.

CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTION

A. Conclusions

Based on the research problems in the first chapter and the research

findings of the data description and analyses in the third chapter, the

conclusion can be seen as follows.

The writer concludes that denotative meaning lies on almost every song

lyrics of Maher Zain‟s, but the connotative meaning only lies fourteen words

in the five song lyrics of Maher Zain‟s, which it is the main data of this study.

There are three kinds of connotative meaning found there; six positive

connotations, four neutral connotations, and four negative connotations. Thus,

the most connotative that used in the data are positive connotation. Positive

connotation makes the meaning of the words more encouraging to the

listener.

From the analysis in the third chapter, the writer finds the general

massage of the song‟s lyrics of Maher Zain‟s that contains connotative

meaning are people should construct good relation with others, and virtuous

relation to Allah.

In the lyrics of Forgive me and Thank you Allah, Maher Zain has

convince the relations between human to Allah such as to keep from lust and

the sense of thanking to Allah SWT. Meanwhile, in the lyrics of Hold My

Hand, Palestine Will be Free, and My Little Girl Songs tell about how the

43 44

way to make a maintain relation to the others, such as caring each other‟s,

avoid the war that harm human race, and take care the children as a given

from ALLAH.

From the finding above the writer assumes that Maher Zain uses positive

connotation in his lyrics to deliver the message to the listener in an

encouraging way, uses neutral connotation to change something that makes

the listener easy to understand what the author mean to and uses negative

connotation to deliver something bad and hated in Islam.

Overall, the writer found connotative meaning occurs in partial of the

lyric, and the denotative meaning occurs in majority of the lyric. The message

of the lyric is delivered by Maher Zain in a good structure by using positive

connotative meaning.

B. Suggestion

The writer would like to suggest offering the suggestions below to

whomever interests in connotative meaning study:

The other researchers can reach wider than the writer research, for the

example first, the other researchers can analyze this song lyrics with

connotative meaning using semiotics approach (Roland Barthes‟s theory)

which can analyze the deep meaning exist in the song lyrics of Maher Zain.

Second, the other researchers can also analyze this song lyric with metaphor

analyze.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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APPENDICES

MAHERZAIN SONG LYRICS

FORGIVE ME

I'm about to lose the battle and cross the line I'm about to make another mistake And even though I try to stay awake everything around me keeps dragging me in I can't help thinking to myself what if my time would end today, today, today, Can I guarantee that I will get another chance before it's too late, too late, too late Forgive me My heart is so full of regret Forgive me Now is the right time for me to repent, repent, repent Am I out of my mind? What did I do? Oh, I feel so bad And everytime I try to start all over again my shame comes back to haunt me I'm trying hard to walk away but temptation is surrounding me I wish that I could find the strength to change my life before it's too late, too late, too late Forgive me My heart is so full of regret Forgive me Now is the right time for me to repent, repent, repent I know, Oh Allah, you're the most forgiving and that you promised to always be there when I call upon you So now I'm standing here ashamed of all the mistakes I've commited Please don't turn me away and hear my prayer when I ask you to Forgive me my heart is so full of regret Forgive me Now is the right time for me to repent, repent, repent

HOLD MY HAND

I hear the flowers kinda crying loud Why dont we share the same love The breezes sound in sad Tell me why not Oh no Life is shorter than most have thought Tell me when did we become, Hold my hand So cold and empty inside There are many ways to do it right Lost a way long time ago Hold my hand Did we really turn out blind Turn around and see what we've left We don't see that we keep hurting each behind other no Hold my hand my friend All we do is just fight We can save the good spirit of me and Now we share the same bright sun, you The same round moon For another chance Why dont we share the same love And lets pray for the beautiful world Tell me why not The beautiful world I share with you Life is shorter than most have thought No matter how far I might be Hold my hand Im always gonna be your neighbor There are many ways to do it right Theres only one small planet where to Hold my hand be Turn around and see what we've left So Im always gonna be your neighbor behind We cannot hide, we can't deny Hold my hand my friend That were always gonna be neighbors We can save the good spirit of me and Youre neighbor, my neighbor you Were neighbors For another chance So hold my hand And lets pray for the beautiful world There are many ways to do it right The beautiful world I share with you Hold my hand Children seem like they've lost their Turn around and see what we've left smile behind On the new blooded playgrounds Hold my hand Oh no There are many ways to do it right How could we ignore , heartbreaking Hold my hand crying sounds Turn around and see what we've left And were still going on behind Like nobody really cares Hold my hand my friend And we just stopped feeling all the pain We can save the good spirit of me and because you Like its a daily basic affair For another chance Now we share the same bright sun, And lets pray for the beautiful world The same round moon The beautiful world I share with you

THANK YOU ALLAH

I was so far from you Yet to me you were always so close I wandered lost in the dark I closedmy eyes toward the signsYou put in my way I walked everyday Further and further away from youO Allah, you brought me home I thank You with every breath I take. Alhamdulillah, Alhamdulillah All praises to Allah, All praises to Allah I never thought about All the things you have given to me I never thanked you once I was too proud to see the truth And prostrate to you Until I took the first step And that's when you opened the doors for me Now Allah, I realized what I was missing By being far from you. Allah, I wanna thank You I wanna thank you for all the things that you've done You've done for me through all my years I've been lost You've guided me from all the ways that were wrong Indeed you gave me hope Allah, I wanna thank you I wanna thank You for all the things that you've done You've done for me through all my years I've been lost You've guided me from all the ways that were wrong I wanna thank You for bringing me home

PALESTINE WILL BE FREE

Every day we tell each other That this day will be, will be the last And tomorrow we all can go home free And all this will finally end Palestine tomorrow will be free Palestine tomorrow will be free No mother no father to wipe away my tears That's why I won't cry I feel scared but I won't show my fears I keep my head high Deep in my heart I never have any doubt that Palestine tomorrow will be free Palestine tomorrow will be free I saw those rockets and bombs shining in the sky Like drops of rain in the sun's light Takin away everyone dear to my heart Destroying my dreams in a blink of an eye What happened to our human rights? What happened to the sanctity of life? And all those other lies? I know that I'm only a child But is your conscience still alive? Ooooooh ... Yeaaah I will caress with my bare hands Every precious grain of sand Every stone and every tree Cuz no matter what they do They can never hurt you Cuz your soul will always be free Palestine tomorrow will be free Palestine tomorrow will be free

MY LITTLE GIRL

You are a miracle You are a blessing from above You brought joy to my soul And pleasure to my eyes In my heart I can feel it An unexplainable feeling Being a father The best thing that I could ever ask for Just thinking of you makes me smile Holding you, looking in your eyes I'm so grateful for having you And everyday I pray I pray that you'll find your way You know I love you, I love you My little girl, my little girl I ask God to bless you, and protect you always My little girl, my little girl You're like a shining star So beautiful you are My baby girl You light up my world I pray that I'll get the chance To be around and watch you grow And witness your first steps And the first time when you will call me "dad I could spend hours watching you You're so innocent, so wonderful and pure O God I can not express my gratitude! But I'll raise her good, 'cause all I want is to please You And now I pray You'll guide her steps foreverRL

CURRICULUM VITAE

Data Pribadi :

 Nama : Armawansyah  Tempat dan Tanggal Lahir : Jeriji, 14 Oktober 1990  Alamat : Jl. Raya Jeriji RT/RW 11/06 Desa Jeriji, Kecamatan Toboali, Kab. Bangka Selatan, Bangka Belitung  Jenis Kelamin : Laki – laki  Status : Belum Kawin  Agama : Islam  Kewarganegaraan : Indonesia  Kontak Pribadi : 0878-7125-9151  Email : [email protected]  Berat Badan : 50 Kg  Tinggi Badan : 160 Cm

Pendidikan formal

 1997 – 2003 : SD Negeri 12 Toboali  2003 – 2006 : SMP Negeri 08 Pangkal Pinang  2007 – 2011 : MA. Ummul Quro Al- Islami Bogor  2011 – 2016 : UIN SyarifHidayatullah Jakarta – BahasadanSastraInggris (S1)

Keterampilan

 Mampu mengoperasikan komputer (Ms. Word, Ms. Power Point, Ms. Excel, Corel Draw dan Photoshop)  Terampil berbicara  Mampu berorganisasi dengan baik  Memiliki keterampilan dalam bidang seni dan sastra

PengalamanOrganisasi

 HMJ Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris Anggota  Himpunan Mahasiswa Islam (HMI) Anggota  PAMALAYU BABEL (Persatuan Mahasiswa Melayu Kepulauan Bangka Belitung) Ketua Umum

PenagalamanKerja

 - Direktorat Kementrian Perkeretaapian