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Challenges and Opportunities for Eco-Tourism Development in Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary

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Challenges and Opportunities for Eco-Tourism Development in Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 9, ISSUE 03, MARCH 2020 ISSN 2277-8616 Challenges And Opportunities For Eco-Tourism Development In Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary Shweta Kapure, Dr. Malini Singh, Dr. Raj Kumar Gupta Abstract: Ecotourism is nothing but the strategies for preserving the natural and cultural assets for the upcoming generation as well as a process for enhancing the local communities’ life economically and socially without any negative impacts on their emotional and traditional values. This study was conducted to identify and address the inherent challenges facing by the Government officials for developing and managing the eco-tourism in Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary. Secondly, this study will explore the opportunities, which were lagging behind for eco-tourism development. For this, data collection is done from the government officials, who are directly involved in the development of eco-tourism in Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary and tourists through personal interviews, structured questionnaires and observations. The first set of the questionnaire is randomly administered to government officials of the forest department of Jharkhand and tourism department of Jharkhand. The second set of the questionnaire was for the tourists who are going to visit Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary. In this study, responses were taken from 50 government officials and 260 domestic and international tourists. An Exploratory factor analysis was employed to access the factor structure of the variables that describes the main challenges being faced by the local government for eco-tourism development in the respective sanctuary. A descriptive statistical analysis was done to identify the profile of the tourists. A series of Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) procedure was performed to test any significant differences in the underlying dimensions amongst the tourist’s with different demographic characteristics. The findings of this study revealed the main challenges faced by the government officials and the tourists and as well as the opportunities which were lagging behind for the development of eco-tourism in the respective sanctuary. This study is limited to Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary only, and the findings cannot generalize to other sanctuary of Jharkhand or the other states of India. Keywords: Eco-tourism, Challenges, Opportunities, Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary, Destination Management ———————————————————— 1 INTRODUCTION This state has the potential to promote tourism and has Ecotourism is one of the newest versions of tourism, which plentiful opportunities to offer to tourist having willingness to is gaining the fast motion in the development of the take a dip in its natural and cultural heritage.(Saw, 2018). country’s GDP. It is a responsible act towards the natural Jharkhand means ―Part of Forest‖ which offers a perfect areas, which preserve the natural and cultural assets & lead holiday option. Its evergreen forest, the natural beauties, the welfare of the local community of the destination. The wildlife, number of waterfalls, gives a true bonanza to the significance scope of ecotourism is growing globally nature lover tourist. because the sustainability dimension of ecotourism does not only advocate for safeguarding of the biodiversity but The major objectives are as following; also economically and socially fit for the local community. 1. To explore, the opportunities of eco-tourism in Recently the local community has come up with the most Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary. important stakeholder and their pro-active and energetic 2. To understand the critical challenges being faced participation in tourism activities is a key of successful by the government as stakeholder for the tourism in the respective destination. (Harun & Chiciudean, development of eco-tourism in Dalma Wildlife 2018). Eco-tourism is a way to develop tourism in the Sanctuary. natural areas and a mode of preserving it in a sustainable manner.(Saw, 2018). More visits to the wildlife sanctuary or 2 LITERATURE REVIEW the national park contribute to the development of the Ecotourism in Africa from the past 30 years has region along with the social, environmental and the experienced a number of challenges especially in east and economical sustainability for the local people, which the central part of the countries has despoiled with the civil consequently have the great support for the natural areas. wars, which have the tremendous scope and the potential (Thapa & Lee, 2016). Ecotourism has the potential for the of eco-tourism development. Another reason is poor quality frequent solution for the local community related to the of the infrastructure has rendered most of the countries of social and economic background and as well as for the Africa with diverse wildlife and abundant species conservation of biodiversity in the region. (Snyman, 2016). inaccessibility which is really affecting the potential of eco- The land of forest or the land of tribes, Jharkhand is one of tourism in those countries. (Backman & Munanura, 2016). the wealthy states among all the state of India with 29% of Understanding the local community’s emotion, beliefs, forest area. traditions and socio-economic benefits, helps the planning and policy makers to develop and implement the long term sustainable strategies to keep the place naturally and culturally fit. (Harun & Chiciudean, 2018).The ________________________________________ managements have the similar challenges related to local Shweta Kapure1st, Research Scholar, Amity University Uttar community, tourist, environment and government sector in Pradesh, natural areas. Problems like infrastructure and seasonal Email id: [email protected], Phone No.: 8340166685 inaccessibility is one of the major factors counting against Dr. Malini Singh2nd, Associate Professor, Amity University, Uttar tourism growth in Okomu national park, Nigeria. Moreover, Pradesh, this park has encountered with many obstacles like Email Id: [email protected], Phone No.: 9444951672 inadequate facilities, funding and households of Oguta Dr. Raj Kumar Gupta3rd, Head of Department, IHM Pusa, New Delhi, Email id: [email protected], Phone No.:7011061787 community, lack of maintenance, and most relevant are 3581 IJSTR©2020 www.ijstr.org INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 9, ISSUE 03, MARCH 2020 ISSN 2277-8616 lack of Government interest and corruption. (Ijeomah & 3 MATERIALS AND METHOD Okoli, 2016). For the improvement of socio-economic of The study is conducted in Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary, Jharkhand, there is a need to develop tourism while Jamshedpur during February – march 2019 in order to keeping the sustainability of the natural and cultural beauty. identify the critical challenges and opportunities for eco- Eco-tourism plays a vital role in responsible and sustainable tourism. This study applied convenient sampling approach development. Jharkhand, where plenty of natural beauties for the data collection from government official and tourists available just need to take a cue from this without any visiting this sanctuary. And because of that, this might let to disturbance to local community and ecology, promote biasness. Therefore, to remove these bias multiple tourism. This research paper focuses on the detailed imputation and predict the bias technique were used. information regarding the problems and prospects of (Thomas, Amy, Philip, & Katherine, 2015). There were two tourism in Jharkhand. (Saw, 2018)Ghana is a well-known set of questionnaire first one for the government official and ecotourism sites with plenty of opportunities and potential to the second one for the tourist. The relationship between the develop it. In this study, researchers have come out with opportunities and the demographic profile of the tourist was the problem of anthropogenic climate change and its impact analysed with the help of MANOVA.(Chen, 2000). on ecotourism in Aburi Botanical Garden, Ghana. The study Hypothesis one & two are tested by MANOVA, to find out confirmed that the change in patterns of rainfall and the the significant relationship between the demographic profile temperature has insignificant impacts on the flora and fauna of the tourist and the opportunities of eco-tourism (Purpose of Aburi Botanical garden. Because of this the ecotourism and eco-tourism activities. Hypothesis 3 is tested to extract potential has remain unharmed and so it is recommended the less significant challenges through factor analysis. that the Aburi Botanical garden has properly maintain the Researcher has find out through literature reviews that, the standards and upgrades its systems to promote ecotourism author(Alrwajfah, Garcia, & Macias, 2019)has used the effectively and efficiently. (Agyei, 2019).The challenge statistical test (factor analysis) to analyse the data and to helps the government official to formulate and implement explain the dependent variables after extracting domains the tourism development strategies, which specifically gives via factor analysis test. the benefits to the local community as well as tourist and environment. From the future prospect, the effectiveness of 4 STUDY AREA the tourism will ultimately depend on the following question Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary a paradise of elephant, situated like what form of tourism has to be developed in which around the Dalma Hills, which is a much larger area. It is place and who will get benefited and as well as when, located about 100 km. from the capital city Ranchi, and where
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