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A CASE STUDY on DALMA WILDLIFE SANCTUARY, JHARKHAND, INDIA 1Shweta Kapure, 2Dr

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A CASE STUDY on DALMA WILDLIFE SANCTUARY, JHARKHAND, INDIA 1Shweta Kapure, 2Dr © 2019 JETIR May 2019, Volume 6, Issue 5 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) TRENDS AND ISSUES FOR ECO-TOURISM DEVELOPMENT: A CASE STUDY ON DALMA WILDLIFE SANCTUARY, JHARKHAND, INDIA 1Shweta Kapure, 2Dr. Malini Singh, 3Dr. Raj Kumar Gupta 1 Research Scholar, 2Associate Professor, 3Head of Department 1Amity Institute of Travel and Tourism, 1 Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India Abstract: This study aims at exploration of eco-tourism, which acts to promote economy, socio-cultural changes and life style of the people residing in and around the Dalma wildlife sanctuary and identifying the current status of eco-tourism and explore issues for eco-tourism being faced by the government at the sanctuary and review the marketing strategies for promoting eco- tourism, which in turn create a tremendous impact on local communities’ economy. Researcher has observed that, eco-tourism in the sanctuary has improved from past few years; government has also improved its civic amenities like communication, sanitation, transportation facilities and standard of living for the local community. For having leverage on eco-tourism potential, it is necessary for the sanctuary, not only to promote them but also analyze the needs, perceptions, preference and satisfaction of the tourist. This paper emphasizes on the concept, different issues and challenges related to eco-tourism as well as marketing strategies for the development of the sanctuary. Researcher also giving some suggestion to solve the problems related to ecotourism development in the respective sanctuary in sustainable manner which can explore newer avenues in relation to nature and open up its unexplored areas. Keywords: Tourism, Eco-tourism, Trends and Issues, Marketing strategies, Dalma wildlife sanctuary. 1. INTRODUCTION Tourism is viewed as a global activity of employment, revenue generation and general economic growth. It is a world’s largest smokeless and fastest growing industries today. In developed and developing countries both have a great significance of tourism. It has achieved a huge social, cultural and economic significance in modern society. “Tourism is now viewed as one of the key sectors of economic growth and development of the country, both from the point of view of income and employment generation as well as a source of revenue”. (Singh & Pathak, 2009). The consequence of tourism has reached new heights and has committed place all around the globe. “Tourism is an important driver of growth, which raises the national income of many countries”. (Chatterjee & Das, 2015). According to The International Eco-tourism Society (1990), eco-tourism is defined as "responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment, sustains the well-being of the local people, and involves interpretation and education". “The International Union for Conservation of Nature (Now World Conservation Union) has officially adopted this definition during its 1st World Conservation Congress held in Montreal in October 1996”. (Chatterjee & Das, 2015). Clearly, ecotourism offered a concrete planning and considerable potential for integrating conservation with development of natural and cultural heritage.“Tourism has been neglected area hitherto in our country. Of late, though, the government has identified the revenue earning potential of tourism as an industry and has stated giving some real improvements. The ‘Atithi Devo Bhav’ campaign of ministry of tourism is slowly but surely picking up, yet, lot has to be done”. (singh & pathak, (-)). According to the Jharkhand eco-tourism policy (2015) “The Ecotourism Plan can also be an integral part for wild life Management plan in case of protected and reserved area and as well as forest area. “The development of commercial ecotourism can increase public support and the total amount of funding available for nature conservation. It can be a positive contributor to the conservation of nature”. (Tisdell, 2003).“Merely 3,111 foreign tourists had visited Jharkhand in 2001. That number rose to 1.54 lakh in 2014. Similarly, arrival of domestic tourists also increased 73 times in the last 15 years. Around 4.50 lakh domestic tourists visited Jharkhand in 2001, which increased to 3.30 lakh in 2014”. (Dey, 2016)“Jharkhand has the potential to became a very popular tourism destination given the various tourist attractions it can offer. In fact there is something for every kind of tourism in the state-right from pilgrimage to eco-tourism”. (singh & pathak, (-)). 1.1About Jharkhand The state Jharkhand has a unique relation with forest since ancient times. The word ‘Jharkhand’ relate to the ‘area of land covered with forests’. Therefore, Jharkhand is associated with forests literally as well as symbolically. Various ethnic groups of Jharkhand such as Munda, Oraon, Ho, Santhal, Paharia, Chero, Birjea, Asura and other have influenced their ecosystems by varying practices of agriculture over the years. Traditionally, these indigenous local community have symbiotic relations with forests of jharkhand. Local festivals of jharkhand like Sarhul and Karma are conventionally related with worshipping of trees. According to the Jharkhand tourism policy(2015), The unique values (Unique Selling Points) of Jharkhand will be identified and agreed through a participatory, consensus-building process involving all stake holders such as key Government Departments, nongovernment organisations, private sector entrepreneurs and the community concerned. This will provide the basis for establishing as a Jharkhand brand and responsible marketing of sustainable tourism, in which community-based ecotourism in and around protected areas will play a significant role. JETIRCH06021 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 199 © 2019 JETIR May 2019, Volume 6, Issue 5 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) foreign and domestic tourist flow in Jharkhand from 2007 to 2015 (Table 1) YEAR FOREIGN TOURIST DOMESTIC TOURIST TOTAL TOURIST FLOW 2007 4004 4906394 4910398 2008 5803 6030028 6035831 2009 13872 7610160 7624032 2010 15695 6885273 6900968 2011 72467 10796286 10868753 2012 31909 20421016 20452925 2013 45995 20511160 20557155 2014 154731 33427144 33581875 2015 58568 9145016 9203584 Source: - Ministry of Tourism, Government of India, Retrieve on 20th August 2018 1.2 Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary is situated around the Dalma Hills which is a much larger area. It is located about 100 km. from the capital city Ranchi, and 10 km. from the steel city Jamshedpur. This sanctuary attracts varied group of people right from the city dwellers, students to nature lovers. This wildlife sanctuary runs parallel to the NH-33 with majestic hills as high as 915 ft. from sea level. Dalma Sanctuary is spread over 193sqkm of East Singhbhum and Saraikela-kharsawan districts of the Jharkhand state. Dalma forest comes beneath the category of "Dry peninsular Sal" and "Northern Dry Mixed Deciduous Forest" because most part of Dalma forests shed leaves in the summer and full bloom at the onset of monsoon. 1.2.1 Physical Features Location -Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary, Saraikela-Kharsawan and East Singhbhum Districts of Jharkhand, India Latitude -22. 46.30”N to 22 57.00”N Longitude- 86. 03.15”E to 86 2.30”E Altitude -928 m above M.S.L Area -193 sq. km. Shape -Oval-shaped, elongated in East West direction Gradient- Undulating terrain Soil - Sandy-loam, Clay-loam Rainfall- 1400 mm Most appropriate time to watch elephants- Late April to early June Best Season to visit- October to June 1.2.2 Zones of Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary 1.2.2.1 Core zone (Area 46.88 sq.km. + 12.39 sq.km.): - The zone is situated in the middle and eastern part of the Sanctuary area and well protected by hilly terrain. It has a very high quality habitat and is natural home of a large variety of wild animals with high density. More than two-third of elephant’s population resides in the core area. Tourists are not allowed in this zone but while going to Dalma Top for worshiping the holy Lord Shiva the main road Chakulia-Dalma Top falling in core zone, is allowed in special circumstances to people who want to worship. 1.2.2.2 Buffer zone (Area 133.95 sq.km.): - The Sanctuary is surrounded by forest area 74 69 Sq.kms. of Chaibasa North Forest Division presently Sariakela Forest Division and 57.61 sq.km. of Dhalbhum Forest Division, which will act as buffer zone of the Sanctuary. 1.2.2.3 Tourism zone (Area 1394.43ha):- The area of tourism zone is 1394.43 ha. Including all forest fully or partiality. The tourism zone is like a strip Hum Chakulia Naka to Kadamjhor Protected Forest and then spreads north and south wards and finally, it takes the shape of a funnel. The tourism zone is also a necessary and indispensable part of any protected area, to give an opportunity to the people, nature lovers to see the beauty of the nature, and admire it, and at the same time, to raise awareness among the people, about forests, and wild life. 1.2.3. Values and significance of Dalma Wildlife sanctuary 1.2.3.1. The sanctuary is one of the significant elephant habitats in lower eastern India. It seems to be the only habitat of elephant in this region though once they were well distributed in different tracts of Singhbhum East, Sarikela – Kharshanwa and Singhbhum West in Jharkhand, Purilia and Midnapur in west Bengal and Sundargarh in Orissa. the current population estimate is placed at 110 elephantas per the 2011 census. This sanctuary is critically important for the long ranging elephant across its remnant habitats in Singhbhum east, Purulia and Bankura of West Bengal. JETIRCH06021 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 200 © 2019 JETIR May 2019, Volume 6, Issue 5 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) 1.2.3.2. The sanctuary is comprised of a series of hills. Its highest peak is at an altitude of 926 meters called Dalma top.
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