An Overview of the Singularity Project1
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A Survey on Architectures of Mobile Operating Systems: Challenges and Issues
International Journal of Research Studies in Computer Science and Engineering (IJRSCSE) Volume 2, Issue 3, March 2015, PP 73-76 ISSN 2349-4840 (Print) & ISSN 2349-4859 (Online) www.arcjournals.org A Survey on Architectures of Mobile Operating Systems: Challenges and Issues Prof. Y. K. Sundara Krishna1 HOD, Dept. of Computer Science, Krishna University Mr. G K Mohan Devarakonda2 Research Scholar, Krishna University Abstract: In the early years of mobile evolution, Discontinued Platforms Current mobile devices are enabled only with voice services Platforms that allow the users to communicate with each other. Symbian OS Android But now a days, the mobile technology undergone Palm OS IOS various changes to a great extent so that the devices Maemo OS Windows Phone allows the users not only to communicate but also to Meego OS Firefox OS attain a variety of services such as video calls, faster Black Berry OS browsing services,2d and 3d games, Camera, 2.1 Symbian OS: This Operating system was Banking Services, GPS services, File sharing developed by NOKIA. services, Tracking Services, M-Commerce and so many. The changes in mobile technology may be due Architecture: to Operating System or Hardware or Network or Memory. This paper presents a survey on evolutions SYMBIAN OS GUI Library in mobile developments especially on mobile operating system Architectures, challenges and Issues in various mobile operating Systems. Application Engines JAVA VM 1. INTRODUCTION Servers (Operating System Services) A Mobile operating system is a System Software that is specifically designed to run on handheld devices Symbian OS Base (File Server, Kernel) such as Mobile Phones, PDA’s. -
Privacy in the Domain Name System (DNS): DNS Privacy in Practice
Privacy in the Domain Name System (DNS): DNS Privacy in Practice Sara Dickinson [email protected] https://sinodun.com @SinodunCom TMA Jun 2019 DNS Privacy https://github.com/Sinodun/tma_phd_school Overview • First - lets look at your DNS queries! • Desktop DoT stub resolvers (client) (Stubby) • Set up your own DoT recursive (Unbound) - decrypt DoT • DoH - Clients & Browsers (Firefox) - decrypt DoH Firefox DoH Decryption is • Mobile Apps easier…. • DNS Libraries (getdns) • Routers TMA, Jun 2019 2 DNS Privacy dnsprivacy.org • DNS Privacy Clients • DNS Privacy Servers setup guides Reference material here • DNS Privacy Test and Public resolvers for most setups and recursive resolvers • DNS Privacy Monitoring • DNS Privacy Current work TMA, Jun 2019 3 DNS Privacy DNS Basics TMA, Jun 2019 4 DNS Privacy DNS Basics - A UDP query ‘dig’ is available on most *nix systems (or ‘drill’) TMA, Jun 2019 5 DNS Privacy DNS Basics - A UDP query ‘dig’ is available on most *nix systems (or ‘drill’) TMA, Jun 2019 5 DNS Privacy DNS Basics - A UDP query ‘dig’ is available on most *nix systems (or ‘drill’) TMA, Jun 2019 5 DNS Privacy DNS Basics - A UDP query ‘dig’ is available on most *nix systems (or ‘drill’) TMA, Jun 2019 5 DNS Privacy DNS Basics - A UDP query ‘dig’ is available on most *nix systems (or ‘drill’) TMA, Jun 2019 5 DNS Privacy DNS Basics - A UDP query ‘dig’ is available on most *nix systems (or ‘drill’) TMA, Jun 2019 5 DNS Privacy DNS Basics - A UDP query ‘nslookup’ is available on Windows order is important! TMA, Jun 2019 6 DNS Privacy DNS Basics -
The Design of the EMPS Multiprocessor Executive for Distributed Computing
The design of the EMPS multiprocessor executive for distributed computing Citation for published version (APA): van Dijk, G. J. W. (1993). The design of the EMPS multiprocessor executive for distributed computing. Technische Universiteit Eindhoven. https://doi.org/10.6100/IR393185 DOI: 10.6100/IR393185 Document status and date: Published: 01/01/1993 Document Version: Publisher’s PDF, also known as Version of Record (includes final page, issue and volume numbers) Please check the document version of this publication: • A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. -
Security and Performance Analysis of Custom Memory Allocators Tiffany
Security and Performance Analysis of Custom Memory Allocators by Tiffany Tang Submitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY September 2019 c Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2019. All rights reserved. Author.............................................................. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science June 10, 2019 Certified by. Howard E. Shrobe Principal Research Scientist and Associate Director of Security, CSAIL Thesis Supervisor Certified by. Hamed Okhravi Senior Technical Staff, MIT Lincoln Laboratory Thesis Supervisor Accepted by . Katrina LaCurts, Chair, Masters of Engineering Thesis Committee 2 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited. This material is based upon work supported by the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering under Air Force Contract No. FA8702-15-D-0001. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Assistant Secre- tary of Defense for Research and Engineering. 3 Security and Performance Analysis of Custom Memory Allocators by Tiffany Tang Submitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science on June 10, 2019, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Abstract Computer programmers use custom memory allocators as an alternative to built- in or general-purpose memory allocators with the intent to improve performance and minimize human error. However, it is difficult to achieve both memory safety and performance gains on custom memory allocators. -
Industrial Control Via Application Containers: Migrating from Bare-Metal to IAAS
Industrial Control via Application Containers: Migrating from Bare-Metal to IAAS Florian Hofer, Student Member, IEEE Martin A. Sehr Antonio Iannopollo, Member, IEEE Faculty of Computer Science Corporate Technology EECS Department Free University of Bolzano-Bozen Siemens Corporation University of California Bolzano, Italy Berkeley, CA 94704, USA Berkeley, CA 94720, USA fl[email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Ines Ugalde Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, Fellow, IEEE Barbara Russo Corporate Technology EECS Department Faculty of Computer Science Siemens Corporation University of California Free University of Bolzano-Bozen Berkeley, CA 94704, USA Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Bolzano, Italy [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract—We explore the challenges and opportunities of control design full authority over the environment in which shifting industrial control software from dedicated hardware to its software will run, it is not straightforward to determine bare-metal servers or cloud computing platforms using off the under what conditions the software can be executed on cloud shelf technologies. In particular, we demonstrate that executing time-critical applications on cloud platforms is viable based on computing platforms due to resource virtualization. Yet, we a series of dedicated latency tests targeting relevant real-time believe that the principles of Industry 4.0 present a unique configurations. opportunity to explore complementing traditional automation Index Terms—Industrial Control Systems, Real-Time, IAAS, components with a novel control architecture [3]. Containers, Determinism We believe that modern virtualization techniques such as application containerization [3]–[5] are essential for adequate I. INTRODUCTION utilization of cloud computing resources in industrial con- Emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things and trol systems. -
Windows NT Architecture Previous Screen Gilbert Held Payoff Windows NT Is a Sophisticated Operating System for Workstations and Network Servers
50-30-19 Windows NT Architecture Previous screen Gilbert Held Payoff Windows NT is a sophisticated operating system for workstations and network servers. This article helps network managers to understand the communications capability of workstations and servers running on Windows NT, and data base administrators to determine the suitability of this platform for a structured query language (SQL) data base server. Introduction Windows NT is a 32-bit, preemptive multitasking operating system that includes comprehensive networking capabilities and several levels of security. Microsoft markets two version of Windows NT: one for workstations—appropriately named Windows NT Workstation—and a second for servers—Windows NT Server. This article, which describes the workings of the NT architecture, collectively references both versions as Windows NT when information is applicable to both versions of the operating system. Similarly, it references a specific version of the operating system when the information presented is specific to either Windows NT Workstation or Windows NT Server. Architecture Windows NT consists of nine basic modules. The relationship of those modules to one another, as well as to the hardware platform on which the operating system runs, is illustrated in Exhibit 1. Windows NT Core Modules Hardware Abstraction Layer The hardware abstraction layer (HAL) is located directly above the hardware on which Windows NT operates. HAL actually represents a software module developed by hardware manufacturers that is bundled into Windows NT to allow it to operate on a specific hardware platform, such as Intel X86, DEC Alpha, or IBM PowerPC. HAL hides the specifics of the hardware platform from the rest of the operating system and represents the lowest level of Windows NT. -
Mobile Systems
CS 318 Principles of Operating Systems Fall 2017 Lecture 21: Mobile Systems Ryan Huang 11/30/17 CS 318 – Lecture 21 – Mobile Systems 2 Apply the security update immedidately! CS 318 – Lecture 21 – Mobile Systems Administrivia • Lab 4 deadline one week away • Groups of 2 students receive 2-day extra late hour • Groups of 3 students with 1 318 section student receive 1-day extra late-hour • Please, please don’t cheat • Homework 5 is released 11/30/17 CS 318 – Lecture 21 – Mobile Systems 4 Mobile Devices Become Ubiquitous Worldwide Devices Shipments by Device Type (Millions of Units) 3000 2500 2000 1500 1806.96 1879 1910 1959 1000 500 Google Nexus 6P 209.79 226 196 195 296.13 277 246 232 0 2013 2014 2015 2016 Traditional PCs Ultramobiles (Premium) Ultramobiles (Basic and Utility) Mobile Phones 5 History of Mobile OS (1) • Early “smart” devices are PDAs (touchscreen, Internet) • Symbian, first modern mobile OS - released in 2000 - run in Ericsson R380, the first ‘smartphone’ (mobile phone + PDA) - only support proprietary programs 11/30/17 CS 318 – Lecture 21 – Mobile Systems 6 History of Mobile OS (2) • Many smartphone and mobile OSes followed up - Kyocera 6035 running Palm OS (2001) • 8 MB non-expandable memory - Windows CE (2002) - Blackberry (2002) • was a prominent vendor • known for secure communications - Moto Q (2005) - Nokia N70 (2005) • 2-megapixel camera, bluetooth • 32 MB memory • Symbian OS • Java games 11/30/17 CS 318 – Lecture 21 – Mobile Systems 7 One More Thing… • Introduction of iPhone (2007) - revolutionize the smartphone industry - 4GB flash memory, 128 MB DRAM, multi-touch interface - runs iOS, initially only proprietary apps - App Store opened in 2008, allow third party apps 11/30/17 CS 318 – Lecture 21 – Mobile Systems 8 Android – An Unexpected Rival of iPhone • Android Inc. -
CSE421 Midterm Solutions —SOLUTION SET— 09 Mar 2012
CSE421 Midterm Solutions —SOLUTION SET— 09 Mar 2012 This midterm exam consists of three types of questions: 1. 10 multiple choice questions worth 1 point each. These are drawn directly from lecture slides and intended to be easy. 2. 6 short answer questions worth 5 points each. You can answer as many as you want, but we will give you credit for your best four answers for a total of up to 20 points. You should be able to answer the short answer questions in four or five sentences. 3. 2 long answer questions worth 20 points each. Please answer only one long answer question. If you answer both, we will only grade one. Your answer to the long answer should span a page or two. Please answer each question as clearly and succinctly as possible. Feel free to draw pic- tures or diagrams if they help you to do so. No aids of any kind are permitted. The point value assigned to each question is intended to suggest how to allocate your time. So you should work on a 5 point question for roughly 5 minutes. CSE421 Midterm Solutions 09 Mar 2012 Multiple Choice 1. (10 points) Answer all ten of the following questions. Each is worth one point. (a) In the story that GWA (Geoff) began class with on Monday, March 4th, why was the Harvard student concerned about his grade? p He never attended class. He never arrived at class on time. He usually fell asleep in class. He was using drugs. (b) All of the following are inter-process (IPC) communication mechanisms except p shared files. -
Online Visualization of Geospatial Stream Data Using the Worldwide Telescope
Online Visualization of Geospatial Stream Data using the WorldWide Telescope Mohamed Ali#, Badrish Chandramouli*, Jonathan Fay*, Curtis Wong*, Steven Drucker*, Balan Sethu Raman# #Microsoft SQL Server, One Microsoft Way, Redmond WA 98052 {mali, sethur}@microsoft.com *Microsoft Research, One Microsoft Way, Redmond WA 98052 {badrishc, jfay, curtis.wong, sdrucker}@microsoft.com ABSTRACT execution query pipeline. StreamInsight has been used in the past This demo presents the ongoing effort to meld the stream query to process geospatial data, e.g., in traffic monitoring [4, 5]. processing capabilities of Microsoft StreamInsight with the On the other hand, the WorldWide Telescope (WWT) [9] enables visualization capabilities of the WorldWide Telescope. This effort a computer to function as a virtual telescope, bringing together provides visualization opportunities to manage, analyze, and imagery from the various ground and space-based telescopes in process real-time information that is of spatio-temporal nature. the world. WWT enables a wide range of user experiences, from The demo scenario is based on detecting, tracking and predicting narrated guided tours from astronomers and educators featuring interesting patterns over historical logs and real-time feeds of interesting places in the sky, to the ability to explore the features earthquake data. of planets. One interesting feature of WWT is its use as a 3-D model of earth, enabling its use as an earth viewer. 1. INTRODUCTION Real-time stream data acquisition has been widely used in This demo presents the ongoing work at Microsoft Research and numerous applications such as network monitoring, Microsoft SQL Server groups to meld the value of stream query telecommunications data management, security, manufacturing, processing of StreamInsight with the unique visualization and sensor networks. -
Portability: Containers, Cloud
JEDI Portability Across Platforms Containers, Cloud Computing, and HPC Mark Miesch, Rahul Mahajan, Xin Zhang, David Hahn, Francois Vandenberg, Jim Rosinski, Dan Holdaway, Yannick Tremolet, Maryam Abdioskouei, Steve Herbener, Mark Olah, Benjamin Menetrier, Anna Shlyaeva, Clementine Gas Academy website http://academy.jcsda.org/june2019 ‣ Instructions for accessing AWS ‣ Activity instructions ‣ Presentation slides ‣ Doxygen documentation for fv3-bundle We will add further content throughout the week Outline I) JEDI Portability Overview ✦ Unified vision for software development and distribution II) Container Fundamentals ✦ What are they? How do they work? ✦ Docker, Charliecloud, and Singularity III) Using the JEDI Containers ✦ How they are built and deployed ✦ Mac and Windows (Vagrant) IV) HPC and Cloud Computing ✦ Environment modules ✦ Containers in HPC? V) Summary and Outlook JEDI Software Dependencies ‣ Essential ✦ Compilers, MPI ✦ CMake Common versions among users ✦ SZIP, ZLIB and developers minimize ✦ LAPACK / MKL, Eigen 3 stack-related debugging ✦ NetCDF4, HDF5 ✦ udunits ✦ Boost (headers only) ✦ ecbuild, eckit, fckit ‣ Useful ✦ ODB-API, eccodes ✦ PNETCDF ✦ Parallel IO ✦ nccmp, NCO ✦ Python tools (py-ncepbufr, netcdf4, matplotlib…) ✦ NCEP libs ✦ Debuggers & Profilers (ddt/TotalView, kdbg, valgrind, TAU…) The JEDI Portability Vision I want to run JEDI on… Development ‣ My Laptop/Workstation/PC ✦ We provide software containers ✦ Mac & Windows system need to first establish a linux environment (e.g. a Vagrant/VirtualBox virtual machine) Development -
Paging: Smaller Tables
20 Paging: Smaller Tables We now tackle the second problem that paging introduces: page tables are too big and thus consume too much memory. Let’s start out with a linear page table. As you might recall1, linear page tables get pretty 32 12 big. Assume again a 32-bit address space (2 bytes), with 4KB (2 byte) pages and a 4-byte page-table entry. An address space thus has roughly 232 one million virtual pages in it ( 212 ); multiply by the page-table entry size and you see that our page table is 4MB in size. Recall also: we usually have one page table for every process in the system! With a hundred active processes (not uncommon on a modern system), we will be allocating hundreds of megabytes of memory just for page tables! As a result, we are in search of some techniques to reduce this heavy burden. There are a lot of them, so let’s get going. But not before our crux: CRUX: HOW TO MAKE PAGE TABLES SMALLER? Simple array-based page tables (usually called linear page tables) are too big, taking up far too much memory on typical systems. How can we make page tables smaller? What are the key ideas? What inefficiencies arise as a result of these new data structures? 20.1 Simple Solution: Bigger Pages We could reduce the size of the page table in one simple way: use bigger pages. Take our 32-bit address space again, but this time assume 16KB pages. We would thus have an 18-bit VPN plus a 14-bit offset. -
Amigaos 3.2 FAQ 47.1 (09.04.2021) English
$VER: AmigaOS 3.2 FAQ 47.1 (09.04.2021) English Please note: This file contains a list of frequently asked questions along with answers, sorted by topics. Before trying to contact support, please read through this FAQ to determine whether or not it answers your question(s). Whilst this FAQ is focused on AmigaOS 3.2, it contains information regarding previous AmigaOS versions. Index of topics covered in this FAQ: 1. Installation 1.1 * What are the minimum hardware requirements for AmigaOS 3.2? 1.2 * Why won't AmigaOS 3.2 boot with 512 KB of RAM? 1.3 * Ok, I get it; 512 KB is not enough anymore, but can I get my way with less than 2 MB of RAM? 1.4 * How can I verify whether I correctly installed AmigaOS 3.2? 1.5 * Do you have any tips that can help me with 3.2 using my current hardware and software combination? 1.6 * The Help subsystem fails, it seems it is not available anymore. What happened? 1.7 * What are GlowIcons? Should I choose to install them? 1.8 * How can I verify the integrity of my AmigaOS 3.2 CD-ROM? 1.9 * My Greek/Russian/Polish/Turkish fonts are not being properly displayed. How can I fix this? 1.10 * When I boot from my AmigaOS 3.2 CD-ROM, I am being welcomed to the "AmigaOS Preinstallation Environment". What does this mean? 1.11 * What is the optimal ADF images/floppy disk ordering for a full AmigaOS 3.2 installation? 1.12 * LoadModule fails for some unknown reason when trying to update my ROM modules.