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Beginner S Guide to Moths of the Midwest Micromoths

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0LGZHVW5HJLRQ86$ %HJLQQHU V*XLGHWR0RWKVRIWKH0LGZHVW0LFURPRWKV $QJHOOD0RRUHKRXVH ,OOLQRLV1DWXUH3UHVHUYH&RPPLVVLRQ Photos: Angella Moorehouse ([email protected]). Produced by: Angella Moorehouse with the assistance of Alicia Diaz, Field Museum. Identification assistance provided by: multiple sources (inaturalist.org; bugguide.net) )LHOG0XVHXP &&%<1&/LFHQVHGZRUNVDUHIUHHWRXVHVKDUHUHPL[ZLWKDWWULEXWLRQEXWFRPPHUFLDOXVHRIWKHRULJLQDOZRUN LVQRWSHUPLWWHG >ILHOGJXLGHVILHOGPXVHXPRUJ@>@YHUVLRQ $ERXWWKH%(*,11(5¶6027+62)7+(0,':(67*8,'(6 Most photos were taken in west-central and central Illinois; a few are from eastern Iowa and north-central Wisconsin. Nearly all were posted to identification websites: BugGuide.netDQG iNaturalist.org. Identification help was provided by Aaron Hunt, Steve Nanz, John and Jane Balaban, Chris Grinter, Frank Hitchell, Jason Dombroskie, William H. Taft, Jim Wiker,DQGTerry Harrison as well as others contributing to the websites. Attempts were made to obtain expert verifications for all photos to the field identification level, however, there will be errors. Please contact the author with all corrections Additional assistance was provided by longtime Lepidoptera survey partner, Susan Hargrove. The intention of these guides is to provide the means to compare photographs of living specimens of related moths from the Midwest to aid the citizen scientists with identification in the field for Bio Blitz, Moth-ers Day, and other night lighting events. A taxonomic list to all the species featured is provided at the end along with some field identification tips. :(%6,7(63529,',1*,'(17,),&$7,21,1)250$7,21 BugGuide.net iNaturalist.org Mothphotographersgroup.msstate.edu Insectsofiowa.org centralillinoisinsects.org/weblog/resources/ :+,&+027+*8,'(7286( The moths were split into 6 groups for the purposes of creating smaller guides focusing on similar features of 1 or more superfamilies. The guides are split up thusly: 0DFURPRWKV±ODUJHVKRZ\PRWKVJHQHUDOO\UDQJLQJLQVL]HRIFP6XSHUIDPLOLHV%RPE\FRLGHD UR\DOVLONPRWKVDQG VSKLQ[PRWKV &RVVRLGHV FDUSHQWHUZRUP /DVLRFDPSRLGHD ODSSHWPRWKV $QWKHUDHDSRO\SKHPXV 3ULRQR[\VWXVURELQLDH 'DUDSVDP\URQ 3RO\SKHPXVPRWK &DUSHQWHUZRUPPRWK 9LUJLQLD&UHHSHU6SKLQ[ 2) Micromoths – tiny moths with wingspans generally <2cm the exception being the clearwing borers 6HVLRLGDH which average between 1-3cm; Other Superfamilies: Adeloidea (fairy moths), Choreutidae(metalmarks), Epermenioides (fringe-tufted moths), Gelechioidea (curve-horned moths – has greatestnumber of species), Gracillarioidea (tube moths), Micropterigoidea (mandibulate archaic moths),Schreckensteiniodea (bristle-legged moths), Tineoidea (clothes, carpenter, and bagworm moths),Yponomatoidea (ermine moths) 'LFKRPHULVLQYHUVHOOD &DORSWLOLDEODQGHOOD 6\QDQWKHGRQDFHUQL $WWHYDDXUHD ,QYHUVH'LFKRPHULV :DOQXW&DORSWLOLD 0DSOH&DOOXV%RUHU $OLDQWKXVZHEZRUP 0LGZHVW5HJLRQ86$ %HJLQQHU V*XLGHWR0RWKVRIWKH0LGZHVW0LFURPRWKV $QJHOOD0RRUHKRXVH ,OOLQRLV1DWXUH3UHVHUYH&RPPLVVLRQ Photos: Angella Moorehouse ([email protected]). Produced by: Angella Moorehouse with the assistance of Alicia Diaz, Field Museum. Identification assistance provided by: multiple sources (inaturalist.org; bugguide.net) )LHOG0XVHXP &&%<1&/LFHQVHGZRUNVDUHIUHHWRXVHVKDUHUHPL[ZLWKDWWULEXWLRQEXWFRPPHUFLDOXVHRIWKHRULJLQDOZRUN LVQRWSHUPLWWHG >ILHOGJXLGHVILHOGPXVHXPRUJ@>@YHUVLRQ :+,&+027+*8,'(7286( &RQW *HRPHWHU0RWKV *HRPHWURLGHD ±PHGLXPVL]HGZLWKZLQJVSDQFPPRVWKDYHDQJXODUVKDUSSRLQWHGZLQJVKHOGRSHQOLNH EXWWHUIOLHVPRVWODUYDHDUH³LQFKZRUPV´ 0DFDULDPXOWLOLQHDWD 3OHXURSUXFKDLQVXOVDULD +DHPDWRSLVJUDWDULD 0DQ\OLQHG$QJOH 7DQ:DYH &KLFNZHHG*HRPHWHU 1RFWXRLGV2ZOHWV 1RFWXLRGHD ±PRVWVSHFLHVRIDQ\PRWKVXSHUIDPLO\PHGLXPVL]HGZLWKZLQJVSDQJHQHUDOO\FP WULDQJXODUVKDSHZLWKVWRXWERGLHVPRVWDUHQRFWXUQDOEXWLQFOXGHVVRPHGD\WLPHSROOLQDWRUVOLFKHQWLJHUIXQJXVXQGHUZLQJ IRUDJHORRSHUOLWWHUELUGGURSSLQJGDJJHUZRRGQ\PSKJURXQGOLQJGDUNRZOHWHDUZRUPIORZHUERUHUFXWZRUPGDUW TXDNHUZDLQVFRWVDOORZORRSHUDQGSURPLQHQWPRWKV &DWRFDODQXSWLDOLV $FURQLFWDYLQQXOD +\SHQDDEDOLHQDOLV 0DUULHG8QGHUZLQJ 'HOLJKWIXO'DJJHU :KLWHOLQHG+\SHQD 3\UDOLGVDQG&UDPELG0RWKV 3\UDORLGHD VQRXWPRWKV±ODUJHJURXSRIVPDOOPRWKVZLWKZLQJVSDQRIFP KHDGEHDUVORQJXSWXUQHGODELDOSDOSLRUVQRXW*XLGHDOVRLQFOXGHVWKH6XSHUIDPLOLHV'UHSDQRLGHD KRRNWLSPRWKV 3WHURSKRURLGHD SOXPHPRWKV 7KU\LGRLGHD WK\ULVPRWKV +HUSWRJUDPPDDHJODHOLV Chrysoteuchia topiaria *HLQDVS '\VRGLDRFXODWDQD 6HUSHQWLQH:HEZRUP Cranberry Girdler 3OXPH0RWK (\HG'\VRGLD 7RUWULFLG0RWKV 7RUWULFRLGDH ±WRUWUL[DQGOHDIUROOHUPRWKV±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hotos: Angella Moorehouse ([email protected]). Produced by: Angella Moorehouse with the assistance of Alicia Diaz, Field Museum. 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In this is case the resemblance is vague and its primarily the movement that is similar. Several species of the clearwing borer family Sessidae (Micromoths) such as this Riley’s clearing resemble predatory wasps. Some of the large showy silkmoths like the Io moth (Saturniidae/Macromoths), have huge eye spots on their hindwings giving the appearance of an owl or other large predator. Brenthia pavonacella Paraphidippusaurantius Synanthedonrileyana VespulaVTXDPRVD Automeris io 3HDFRFN%UHQWKLD -XPSLQJ6SLGHU 5LOH\¶V&OHDUZLQJ 6RXWKHUQ<HOORZMDFNHW Io Moth Visual (Batesian) Mimicry: Moths are known to mimic the appearance or movement of other less attractive prey species as another means of avoiding predation. Examples of visual mimicry in moths include the sphinx moths (Bombycoidea/Macomoths), snowberry clearwing with resembles the feeding behavior and movement of the easternFDUSHQWHUEHHDQGWKHZKLWHOLQHGVSKLQ[ZKLFK PLPLFVWKHYLEUDWLRQDQGIHHGLQJEHKDYLRURIDUXE\WKURDWHGKXPPLQJELUG Hemaris diffinis Xylocopa virginica Hyles lineata Archilochus colubris 6QRZEHUU\&OHDUZLQJ (DVWHUQ&DUSHQWHU%HH :KLWHOLQHG6SKLQ[ 5XE\WKURDWHG +XPPLQJELUG +XPPLQJELUG 0LGZHVW5HJLRQ86$ %HJLQQHU V*XLGHWR0RWKVRIWKH0LGZHVW0LFURPRWKV $QJHOOD0RRUHKRXVH ,OOLQRLV1DWXUH3UHVHUYH&RPPLVVLRQ Photos: Angella Moorehouse ([email protected]). Produced by: Angella Moorehouse with the assistance of Alicia Diaz, Field Museum. Identification assistance provided by: multiple sources (inaturalist.org; bugguide.net) )LHOG0XVHXP &&%<1&/LFHQVHGZRUNVDUHIUHHWRXVHVKDUHUHPL[ZLWKDWWULEXWLRQEXWFRPPHUFLDOXVHRIWKHRULJLQDOZRUN LVQRWSHUPLWWHG >ILHOGJXLGHVILHOGPXVHXPRUJ@>@YHUVLRQ 027+0,0,&5<$1'7+($92,'$1&(2)35('$7256 &RQW Two other moths; the black and yellow lichen moth (Noctuiodea/Owlets) and orange-patched smoky moth (Zygaenoidea/ Flannel, Slug, and Leaf Skeletonizer), mimic the net-winged beetle which is toxic. Black & Yellow Net-winged Beetle Orange-patched Lichen Moth Calopteron terminale Smoky 0RWK Lycomorpha pholus Pyromorpha dimidiata Convergent Resemblance: When one species coevolved independently to resemble another without a known ecological advantage it is called convergent resemblance. The purple carrot moth (Gelechioidea/Micromoths) – native to Europe – is a close match for a pale headed leafhopper. Plume moths (Pterophoroidea/Pyralid Moth Guide) resemble crane flies with their behavior of dangling by their long thin legs off the undersides of flowers or plant leaves. Purple Carrot Seed Moth 3DOHKHDGHG/HDIKRSSHU 3OXPH0RWK &UDQH)O\ (non-native) 3DUDSKOHSVLXVFROOLWXV *HLQDVS 7LSXODVS 'HSUHVVDULDGHSUHVVDQD Camouflage: While many moths are camouflaged to blend in with the environment a wide variety of moths from different Superfamilies and Families resemble bird dropping to evade predators. Here are a few examples: 7 ara che aprica H[SRVHGELUG GURSSLQJPRWK 1RFWXLRGHD2ZOHWV (SLEOHPDVFXGGHULDQDJROGHQURGJDOOPRWK 7RUWULFRLGHD7RUWULFLGV DQG(XGU\DVJUDWD EHDXWLIXOZRRGQ\PSK *HRPHWURLGHD*HRPHWHUV Exposed Bird-dropping Moth Goldenrod Gall Moth Beautiful Wood Nymph Tarache aprica Epiblema scudderiana Eudryas grata 0LGZHVW5HJLRQ86$ %HJLQQHU V*XLGHWR0RWKVRIWKH0LGZHVW0LFURPRWKV $QJHOOD0RRUHKRXVH
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  • Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung / C / 42 (1987)

    Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung / C / 42 (1987)

    1352 Notes (Z)-3-TetradecenyI Acetate as a Sex-Attractant species feed on Picea, Rumex and Rubus, respective­ Component in Gelechiinae and Anomologinae ly, and their relative trap captures greatly varied (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) between test sites, depending on host abundance; Ernst Priesner which may explain why one species (A. micella) was missing from the test by Willemse et al. Max-Planek-Institut für Verhaltensphysiologie. D-8131 Seewiesen The outstanding effectiveness of the Z3-14:Ac for Z. Naturforsch. 42c, 1352—1355 (1987); males of these gelechiid species was supported by received August 25, 1987 electroantennogram measurements. These were Sex-Attractant, Attraction-Inhibitor, J3-Alkenyl made from males newly taken in Z3-14:Ac baited A cetates, Chionodes, Monochroa, Argolamprotes, traps (with antennae not yet glued to the adhesive), Aproaerema, Gelechiidae using technical procedures as in other Microlepido- The title compound, unreported as an insect pheromone ptera [3, 4], In the series of (Z)- and (£)-alkenyl ace­ component, effectively attracted certain male Gelechiidae tates, varied for chain length and double bond posi­ (genera Chionodes, Monochroa, Argolamprotes) as a sin­ gle chemical. Trap captures with this chemical decreased tion, the Z3-14:Ac, at the test amount of 1 |ig, elic­ on addition of either (E)-3-dodecenyl acetate, (£)-3-tetra- ited the greatest EAG response. This was followed decenyl acetate or (Z)-3-tetradecen-l-ol, the sexual attrac- by the geometric isomer (.O-MiAc), the corre­ tants of other, closely related species. Results on an Aproaerem a test species showing a synergistic attraction sponding alcohol analogue (Z3-14:OH) and some response to combinations of (Z)-3-tetradecenyl acetate positional isomers and shorter-chain homologues with its homologue (Z)-3-dodecenyl acetate are included.
  • Towards a Mitogenomic Phylogeny of Lepidoptera ⇑ Martijn J.T.N

    Towards a Mitogenomic Phylogeny of Lepidoptera ⇑ Martijn J.T.N

    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 79 (2014) 169–178 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Towards a mitogenomic phylogeny of Lepidoptera ⇑ Martijn J.T.N. Timmermans a,b, , David C. Lees c, Thomas J. Simonsen a a Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom b Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom c Department of Zoology, Cambridge University, Downing Street CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom article info abstract Article history: The backbone phylogeny of Lepidoptera remains unresolved, despite strenuous recent morphological and Received 13 January 2014 molecular efforts. Molecular studies have focused on nuclear protein coding genes, sometimes adding a Revised 11 May 2014 single mitochondrial gene. Recent advances in sequencing technology have, however, made acquisition of Accepted 26 May 2014 entire mitochondrial genomes both practical and economically viable. Prior phylogenetic studies utilised Available online 6 June 2014 just eight of 43 currently recognised lepidopteran superfamilies. Here, we add 23 full and six partial mitochondrial genomes (comprising 22 superfamilies of which 16 are newly represented) to those Keywords: publically available for a total of 24 superfamilies and ask whether such a sample can resolve deeper tRNA rearrangement lepidopteran phylogeny. Using recoded datasets we obtain topologies that are highly congruent with Ditrysia Illumina prior nuclear and/or morphological studies. Our study shows support for an expanded Obtectomera LR-PCR including Gelechioidea, Thyridoidea, plume moths (Alucitoidea and Pterophoroidea; possibly along with Pooled mitochondrial genome assembly Epermenioidea), Papilionoidea, Pyraloidea, Mimallonoidea and Macroheterocera.
  • Lepidoptera Recorded for Imperial County California Compiled by Jeffrey Caldwell J.A.Caldwell71@Gmail.Com 1-925-949-8696 Note

    Lepidoptera Recorded for Imperial County California Compiled by Jeffrey Caldwell [email protected] 1-925-949-8696 Note

    Lepidoptera Recorded for Imperial County California Compiled by Jeffrey Caldwell [email protected] 1-925-949-8696 Note: BMNA = Butterflies and Moths of North America web site MPG = Moth Photographers Group web site Most are from the Essig Museum’s California Moth Specimens Database web site Arctiidae. Tiger and Lichen Moths. Apantesis proxima (Notarctia proxima). Mexican Tiger Moth. 8181 [BMNA] Ectypia clio (clio). Clio Tiger Moth. 8249 Estigmene acrea (acrea). Salt Marsh Moth. 8131 Euchaetes zella. 8232 Autostichidae (Deoclonidae). Oegoconia novimundi. Four-spotted Yellowneck Moth. 1134 (Oegoconia quadripuncta mis-applied) Bucculatricidae. Ribbed Cocoon-maker Moths. Bucculatrix enceliae. Brittlebrush Moth. 0546 Cossidae. Goat Moths, Carpenterworm Moths, and Leopard Moths. Comadia henrici. 2679 Givira mucida. 2660 Hypopta palmata. 2656 Prionoxystus robiniae (mixtus). Carpenterworm or Locust Borer. 2693 Depressariidae. Pseudethmia protuberans. 1008 [MPG] Ethmiidae. Now assigned to Depressariidae. Ethmiinae. Ethmia timberlakei. 0984 Pseudethmia protuberans. 1008 Gelechiidae. Twirler Moths. Aristotelia adceanotha. 1726 [Sighting 1019513 BMNA] Chionodes abdominella. 2054 Chionodes dentella. 2071 Chionodes fructuaria. 2078 Chionodes kincaidella. 2086 (reared from Atriplex acanthocarpa in Texas) Chionodes oecus. 2086.2 Chionodes sistrella. 2116 Chionodes xanthophilella. 2125 Faculta inaequalis. Palo Verde Webworm. 2206 Friseria cockerelli. Mesquite Webworm. 1916 Gelechia desiliens. 1938 Isophrictis sabulella. 1701 Keiferia lycopersicella. Tomato Pinworm. 2047 Pectinophora gossypiella. Pink Bollworm. 2261 Prolita puertella. 1895 Prolita veledae. 1903 Geometridae. Inchworm Moths, Loopers, Geometers, or Measuring Worms. Archirhoe neomexicana. 7295 Chesiadodes coniferaria. 6535 Chlorochlamys appellaria. 7073 Cyclophora nanaria. Dwarf Tawny Wave. W 7140 Dichorda illustraria. 7055 Dichordophora phoenix. Phoenix Emerald. 7057 Digrammia colorata. Creosote Moth. 6381 Digrammia irrorata (rubricata). 6395 Digrammia pictipennata. 6372 Digrammia puertata.
  • Phylogeny and Evolution of Lepidoptera

    Phylogeny and Evolution of Lepidoptera

    EN62CH15-Mitter ARI 5 November 2016 12:1 I Review in Advance first posted online V E W E on November 16, 2016. (Changes may R S still occur before final publication online and in print.) I E N C N A D V A Phylogeny and Evolution of Lepidoptera Charles Mitter,1,∗ Donald R. Davis,2 and Michael P. Cummings3 1Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742; email: [email protected] 2Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560 3Laboratory of Molecular Evolution, Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2017. 62:265–83 Keywords Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2017.62. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org The Annual Review of Entomology is online at Hexapoda, insect, systematics, classification, butterfly, moth, molecular ento.annualreviews.org systematics This article’s doi: Access provided by University of Maryland - College Park on 11/20/16. For personal use only. 10.1146/annurev-ento-031616-035125 Abstract Copyright c 2017 by Annual Reviews. Until recently, deep-level phylogeny in Lepidoptera, the largest single ra- All rights reserved diation of plant-feeding insects, was very poorly understood. Over the past ∗ Corresponding author two decades, building on a preceding era of morphological cladistic stud- ies, molecular data have yielded robust initial estimates of relationships both within and among the ∼43 superfamilies, with unsolved problems now yield- ing to much larger data sets from high-throughput sequencing. Here we summarize progress on lepidopteran phylogeny since 1975, emphasizing the superfamily level, and discuss some resulting advances in our understanding of lepidopteran evolution.