Unravelling the Riddle of Radix: DNA Barcoding for Species Identification of Freshwater Snail Intermediate Hosts of Zoonotic
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A Global Assessment of Parasite Diversity in Galaxiid Fishes
diversity Article A Global Assessment of Parasite Diversity in Galaxiid Fishes Rachel A. Paterson 1,*, Gustavo P. Viozzi 2, Carlos A. Rauque 2, Verónica R. Flores 2 and Robert Poulin 3 1 The Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, P.O. Box 5685, Torgarden, 7485 Trondheim, Norway 2 Laboratorio de Parasitología, INIBIOMA, CONICET—Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Quintral 1250, San Carlos de Bariloche 8400, Argentina; [email protected] (G.P.V.); [email protected] (C.A.R.); veronicaroxanafl[email protected] (V.R.F.) 3 Department of Zoology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +47-481-37-867 Abstract: Free-living species often receive greater conservation attention than the parasites they support, with parasite conservation often being hindered by a lack of parasite biodiversity knowl- edge. This study aimed to determine the current state of knowledge regarding parasites of the Southern Hemisphere freshwater fish family Galaxiidae, in order to identify knowledge gaps to focus future research attention. Specifically, we assessed how galaxiid–parasite knowledge differs among geographic regions in relation to research effort (i.e., number of studies or fish individuals examined, extent of tissue examination, taxonomic resolution), in addition to ecological traits known to influ- ence parasite richness. To date, ~50% of galaxiid species have been examined for parasites, though the majority of studies have focused on single parasite taxa rather than assessing the full diversity of macro- and microparasites. The highest number of parasites were observed from Argentinean galaxiids, and studies in all geographic regions were biased towards the highly abundant and most widely distributed galaxiid species, Galaxias maculatus. -
Gastropods Alien to South Africa Cause Severe Environmental Harm in Their Global Alien Ranges Across Habitats
Received: 18 December 2017 | Revised: 4 May 2018 | Accepted: 27 June 2018 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4385 ORIGINAL RESEARCH Gastropods alien to South Africa cause severe environmental harm in their global alien ranges across habitats David Kesner1 | Sabrina Kumschick1,2 1Department of Botany & Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Abstract Matieland, South Africa Alien gastropods have caused extensive harm to biodiversity and socioeconomic sys- 2 Invasive Species Programme, South African tems like agriculture and horticulture worldwide. For conservation and management National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch National Botanical Gardens, Claremont, purposes, information on impacts needs to be easily interpretable and comparable, South Africa and the factors that determine impacts understood. This study aimed to assess gas- Correspondence tropods alien to South Africa to compare impact severity between species and under- Sabrina Kumschick, Centre for Invasion stand how they vary between habitats and mechanisms. Furthermore, we explore the Biology, Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, relationship between environmental and socioeconomic impacts, and both impact South Africa. measures with life- history traits. We used the Environmental Impact Classification for Email: [email protected] Alien Taxa (EICAT) and Socio- Economic Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (SEICAT) Funding information to assess impacts of 34 gastropods alien to South Africa including evidence of impact South African National Department of Environmental Affairs; National Research from their entire alien range. We tested for correlations between environmental and Foundation; DST-NRF Centre of Excellence socioeconomic impacts per species, and with fecundity and native latitude range for Invasion Biology; South African National Biodiversity Institute using Kendall’s tau tests. -
Diversity of Echinostomes (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) in Their Snail Hosts at High Latitudes
Parasite 28, 59 (2021) Ó C. Pantoja et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2021 https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2021054 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9816A6C3-D479-4E1D-9880-2A7E1DBD2097 Available online at: www.parasite-journal.org RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Diversity of echinostomes (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) in their snail hosts at high latitudes Camila Pantoja1,2, Anna Faltýnková1,* , Katie O’Dwyer3, Damien Jouet4, Karl Skírnisson5, and Olena Kudlai1,2 1 Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic 2 Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania 3 Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, H91 T8NW, Galway, Ireland 4 BioSpecT EA7506, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51096 Reims Cedex, France 5 Laboratory of Parasitology, Institute for Experimental Pathology, Keldur, University of Iceland, IS-112 Reykjavík, Iceland Received 26 April 2021, Accepted 24 June 2021, Published online 28 July 2021 Abstract – The biodiversity of freshwater ecosystems globally still leaves much to be discovered, not least in the trematode parasite fauna they support. Echinostome trematode parasites have complex, multiple-host life-cycles, often involving migratory bird definitive hosts, thus leading to widespread distributions. Here, we examined the echinostome diversity in freshwater ecosystems at high latitude locations in Iceland, Finland, Ireland and Alaska (USA). We report 14 echinostome species identified morphologically and molecularly from analyses of nad1 and 28S rDNA sequence data. We found echinostomes parasitising snails of 11 species from the families Lymnaeidae, Planorbidae, Physidae and Valvatidae. -
Revealing the Secret Lives of Cryptic Species: Examining the Phylogenetic Relationships of Echinostome Parasites in North America
ARTICLE IN PRESS Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution xxx (2010) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Revealing the secret lives of cryptic species: Examining the phylogenetic relationships of echinostome parasites in North America Jillian T. Detwiler *, David H. Bos, Dennis J. Minchella Purdue University, Biological Sciences, Lilly Hall, 915 W State St, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA article info abstract Article history: The recognition of cryptic parasite species has implications for evolutionary and population-based stud- Received 10 August 2009 ies of wildlife and human disease. Echinostome trematodes are a widely distributed, species-rich group of Revised 3 January 2010 internal parasites that infect a wide array of hosts and are agents of disease in amphibians, mammals, and Accepted 5 January 2010 birds. We utilize genetic markers to understand patterns of morphology, host use, and geographic distri- Available online xxxx bution among several species groups. Parasites from >150 infected host snails (Lymnaea elodes, Helisoma trivolvis and Biomphalaria glabrata) were sequenced at two mitochondrial genes (ND1 and CO1) and one Keywords: nuclear gene (ITS) to determine whether cryptic species were present at five sites in North and South Cryptic species America. Phylogenetic and network analysis demonstrated the presence of five cryptic Echinostoma lin- Echinostomes Host specificity eages, one Hypoderaeum lineage, and three Echinoparyphium lineages. Cryptic life history patterns were Molecular phylogeny observed in two species groups, Echinostoma revolutum and Echinostoma robustum, which utilized both Parasites lymnaied and planorbid snail species as first intermediate hosts. Molecular evidence confirms that two Trematodes species, E. -
A Note on Oviposition by Lymnaea Stagnalis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Lymnaeidae) on Shells of Conspecifics Under Laboratory Conditions
Folia Malacol. 25(2): 101–108 https://doi.org/10.12657/folmal.025.007 A NOTE ON OVIPOSITION BY LYMNAEA STAGNALIS (LINNAEUS, 1758) (GASTROPODA: PULMONATA: LYMNAEIDAE) ON SHELLS OF CONSPECIFICS UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS PAOLA LOMBARDO1*, FRANCESCO PAOLO MICCOLI2 1 Limno Consulting, via Bedollo 303, I-00124 Rome, Italy (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 University of L’Aquila, Coppito Science Center, I-67100 L’Aquila, Italy (e-mail: [email protected]) *corresponding author ABSTRACT: Oviposition by Lymnaea stagnalis (L.) on shells of conspecifics has been reported anecdotally from laboratory observations. In order to gain the first quantitative insight into this behaviour, we have quantified the proportion of individuals bearing egg clutches in a long-term monospecific outdoor laboratory culture of L. stagnalis during two consecutive late-summer months. The snails were assigned to size classes based on shell height. Differences between the size class composition of clutch-bearers and of the general population were statistically compared by means of Pearson’s distance χ²P analysis. Egg clutches were laid on snails of shell height >15 mm (i.e. reproductive-age individuals), with significant selection for the larger size classes (shell height 25–40 mm). While the mechanisms of and reasons behind such behaviour remain unknown, selection of larger adults as egg-carriers may have ecological implications at the population level. KEY WORDS: freshwater gastropods, Lymnaea stagnalis, great pond snail, reproductive behaviour INTRODUCTION Lymnaea stagnalis (Linnaeus, 1758) is a common & CARRIKER 1946, TER MAAT et al. 1989, ELGER & Holarctic freshwater gastropod, inhabiting most of LEMOINE 2005, GROSS & LOMBARDO in press). -
Molecular Characterization of Liver Fluke Intermediate Host Lymnaeids
Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports 17 (2019) 100318 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/vprsr Original Article Molecular characterization of liver fluke intermediate host lymnaeids (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) snails from selected regions of Okavango Delta of T Botswana, KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga provinces of South Africa ⁎ Mokgadi P. Malatji , Jennifer Lamb, Samson Mukaratirwa School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Lymnaeidae snail species are known to be intermediate hosts of human and livestock helminths parasites, Lymnaeidae especially Fasciola species. Identification of these species and their geographical distribution is important to ITS-2 better understand the epidemiology of the disease. Significant diversity has been observed in the shell mor- Okavango delta (OKD) phology of snails from the Lymnaeidae family and the systematics within this family is still unclear, especially KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) province when the anatomical traits among various species have been found to be homogeneous. Although there are Mpumalanga province records of lymnaeid species of southern Africa based on shell morphology and controversial anatomical traits, there is paucity of information on the molecular identification and phylogenetic relationships of the different taxa. Therefore, this study aimed at identifying populations of Lymnaeidae snails from selected sites of the Okavango Delta (OKD) in Botswana, and sites located in the KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) and Mpumalanga (MP) provinces of South Africa using molecular techniques. Lymnaeidae snails were collected from 8 locations from the Okavango delta in Botswana, 9 from KZN and one from MP provinces and were identified based on phy- logenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2). -
Reproductive and Mate Choice Strategies in the Hermaphroditic
present in the five specimens analyzed miranda was found and thus we could not Analysis of the variability of Drosophila azteca and Dro- sophila athabasca populations revealed by random am- and absent in six D. persimilis and seven increase the sample size of that species. plified polymorphic DNA. J Zool Syst Evol Res 35:159– D. pseudoobscura of different origin. The Here we describe species-specific bands 164. number of specimens analyzed is small for of D. pseudoobscura, D. persimilis, and D. Pascual M, Balanya` J, Latorre A, and Serra L, 1997b. D. miranda, but since the lines used came miranda that discriminate between these Diagnosis of sibling species of Drosophila involved in the colonization of North America by Drosophila subob- from different localities (see Materials and three sibling species. These results, along scura. Mol Ecol 6:293–296. Methods), it can be assumed that these with those of a previous study using D. Powell JR, 1983. Interspecific cytoplasmic gene flow in bands are diagnostic. We estimated the azteca and D. athabasca (Pascual et al. the absence of nuclear gene flow: evidence from Dro- size of species-specific bands observed by 1997b) permit classification of all the spec- sophila. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80:492–495. Pascual et al. (1997b) in D. athabasca and imens collected in all samples of the dis- Prakash S, 1977. Genetic divergence in closely related D. azteca. A total of nine bands clearly tribution range of these five Nearctic spe- sibling species Drosophila pseudoobscura, D. persimilis and D. miranda. Evolution 31:14–23. identified D. -
First Record of Eobania Vermiculata (O. F. Müller, 1774) (Gastropoda: Eupulmonata: Helicidae) in Romania
Folia Malacol. 29(1): 51–53 https://doi.org/10.12657/folmal.029.003 SHORT COMMUNICATION FIRST RECORD OF EOBANIA VERMICULATA (O. F. MÜLLER, 1774) (GASTROPODA: EUPULMONATA: HELICIDAE) IN ROMANIA STELIAN GRIGORE Museum of Human Evolution and Technology in Paleolithic, Princely Court National Museum Targoviste, Romania (e-mail: [email protected]); https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9384-3634 ABSTRACT: Eobania vermiculata (O. F. Müller) is recorded for the first time in Romania. Other Mediterranean and Balkan species have entered the south of Romania – Dobrogea, or will do so in the near future. We expect the rest of Romania to be invaded, because the Danube is not an insurmountable barrier for some of these species. KEY WORDS: Eobania vermiculata; alien species; land snail; anthropochory A northward expansion of some terrestrial gas- tions for the invasion of Balkan and Mediterranean tropod species has been observed for the last two species. The climate and calcareous substrate of the decades; the spread has been accelerated by the coastal area in south-eastern Dobrogea favour accli- intensification of trade, tourism development and matisation of the new arrivals. cross-border freight transport. Among the regions of As early as four decades ago, Alexandru V. Grossu Romania, Dobrogea has the most favourable condi- anticipated the occurrence of this phenomenon in the Fig. 1. Map of Romania with the locality in Costinești 52 Stelian Grigore Fig. 2. Mature individuals of Eobania vermiculata in Costinești Fig. 3. The largest shell of Eobania vermiculata from Costinești near future (GROSSU 1983). In the last two decades, of perennials (Cichorium intybus, Convolvulus arvensis, there has been an expansion of the Mediterranean Echium vulgare, Elymus repens, Crupina vulgaris, Phleum species both in the east and in the northwest of their pratense, Malva pusilla, Teucrium polium, Juncus mariti original range (MIENIS 2002, UESHIMA et al. -
Determination of Pests and Beneficial Species in Avocado Orchards in Antalya Province
HortiS 37(2):150-154 http://doi.org/10.16882/HortiS.833769 R E S E A R C H P A P E R Determination of Pests and Beneficial Species in Avocado Orchards in Antalya Province Tuba KAHRAMAN1* , Musa KIRIŞIK1 , Mehmet Uğur KAHRAMAN1 1 Batı Akdeniz Agricultural Research Instiute, 07100, Antalya / Turkey Article History Received 12 October 2020 Abstract Accepted 29 November 2020 First Online 30 November 2020 This study was conducted to determine the pests and beneficial species found in Avocado orchards in Antalya province, Turkey. Survey studies were carried Corresponding Author out between the years of 2018-2020 in Alanya, Aksu, Finike, Gazipaşa, E-mail: Kemer, Manavgat, Muratpaşa, Serik and Kumluca districts of Antalya that [email protected] have avocado production. In the surveys, visual examination, counting of the Keywords branch, knock down, and trapping methods were used. As a result of the study, 18 pest species belonging to 13 families and 6 orders and 15 beneficial Avocado Parasitoid species belonging to 4 orders and 5 families were determined. Pest Predator 1. Introduction adaptation of avocado cultivars in Turkey have been conducted in Batı Akdeniz Agricultural Research Avocado (Persea americana Mill.), is a Institute (BATEM) in Antalya for many years and it subtropical plant that spreads over large areas of has been determined that Bacon, Fuerte, Hass, the world and stands out with its increase in Zutano, and Ettinger cultivars are suitable for the production every year. Avocado, which is in high region (Bayram et al., 2006). These data clearly demand in international markets with its nutritious show the importance of Antalya province in avocado properties and distinctive taste, entered to Turkey in production. -
Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) in Thailand and Phylogenetic Relationships with Other Isolates Inferred by ITS1 Sequence
Parasitol Res (2011) 108:751–755 DOI 10.1007/s00436-010-2180-8 SHORT COMMUNICATION Genetic characterization of Echinostoma revolutum and Echinoparyphium recurvatum (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) in Thailand and phylogenetic relationships with other isolates inferred by ITS1 sequence Weerachai Saijuntha & Chairat Tantrawatpan & Paiboon Sithithaworn & Ross H. Andrews & Trevor N. Petney Received: 2 November 2010 /Accepted: 17 November 2010 /Published online: 1 December 2010 # Springer-Verlag 2010 Abstract Echinostomatidae are common, widely distribut- an isolate from Thailand with other isolates available from ed intestinal parasites causing significant disease in both GenBank database. Interspecies differences in ITS1 se- animals and humans worldwide. In spite of their impor- quence between E. revolutum and E. recurvatum were tance, the taxonomy of these echinostomes is still contro- detected at 6 (3%) of the 203 alignment positions. Of these, versial. The taxonomic status of two species, Echinostoma nucleotide deletion at positions 25, 26, and 27, pyrimidine revolutum and Echinoparyphium recurvatum, which com- transition at 50, 189, and pyrimidine transversion at 118 monly infect poultry and other birds, as well as human, is were observed. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that E. problematical. Previous phylogenetic analyses of Southeast recurvatum from Thailand clustered as a sister taxa with Asian strains indicate that these species cluster as sister E. revolutum and not with other members of the genus taxa. In the present study, the first internal transcribed Echinoparyphium. Interestingly, this result confirms a spacer (ITS1) sequence was used for genetic characteriza- previous report based on allozyme electrophoresis and tion and to examine the phylogenetic relationships between mitochondrial DNA that E. revolutum and E. -
Mitochondrial Genome of Bulinus Truncatus (Gastropoda: Lymnaeoidea): Implications for Snail Systematics and Schistosome Epidemiology
Journal Pre-proof Mitochondrial genome of Bulinus truncatus (Gastropoda: Lymnaeoidea): implications for snail systematics and schistosome epidemiology Neil D. Young, Liina Kinkar, Andreas J. Stroehlein, Pasi K. Korhonen, J. Russell Stothard, David Rollinson, Robin B. Gasser PII: S2667-114X(21)00011-X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crpvbd.2021.100017 Reference: CRPVBD 100017 To appear in: Current Research in Parasitology and Vector-Borne Diseases Received Date: 21 January 2021 Revised Date: 10 February 2021 Accepted Date: 11 February 2021 Please cite this article as: Young ND, Kinkar L, Stroehlein AJ, Korhonen PK, Stothard JR, Rollinson D, Gasser RB, Mitochondrial genome of Bulinus truncatus (Gastropoda: Lymnaeoidea): implications for snail systematics and schistosome epidemiology, CORTEX, https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.crpvbd.2021.100017. This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. Journal Pre-proof Mitochondrial genome of Bulinus truncatus (Gastropoda: Lymnaeoidea): implications for snail systematics and schistosome epidemiology Neil D. Young a,* , Liina Kinkar a, Andreas J. Stroehlein a, Pasi K. Korhonen a, J. -
Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Control of Poultry Parasites
FAO Animal Health Manual No. 4 EPIDEMIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS AND CONTROL OF POULTRY PARASITES Anders Permin Section for Parasitology Institute of Veterinary Microbiology The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University Copenhagen, Denmark Jorgen W. Hansen FAO Animal Production and Health Division FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 1998 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. M-27 ISBN 92-5-104215-2 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, Information Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy. C) FAO 1998 PREFACE Poultry products are one of the most important protein sources for man throughout the world and the poultry industry, particularly the commercial production systems have experienced a continuing growth during the last 20-30 years. The traditional extensive rural scavenging systems have not, however seen the same growth and are faced with serious management, nutritional and disease constraints. These include a number of parasites which are widely distributed in developing countries and contributing significantly to the low productivity of backyard flocks.