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Chec List Records of Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of the Parque Check List 10(6): 1435–1444, 2014 © 2014 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (available at www.biotaxa.org/cl) Journal of species lists and distribution PECIES S Estadual Mata São Francisco, Paraná, Brazil OF Records of Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of the Parque ISTS ¹*, ¹ L João Lucas Chavari Nikolas Gioia Cipola ² and Antonio Domingos Brescovit São Paulo, SP, Brazil. 2 Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia – INPA, CPEN. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia. Laboratório de Sistemática e Ecologia 1 Instituto Butantan, Laboratório Especial de Coleções Zoológicas. Av. Vital Brasil, 1500. CEP 05503-900. [email protected] de Invertebrados do Solo. Av. André Araújo, 2.936. CEP 69011-970. Manaus, AM, Brazil. * Corresponding author. E-mail: Abstract: A list of spider species recorded from the Parque Estadual Mata São Francisco, Paraná, Brazil was compiled based on 7,942 specimens, of which 2,872 are adults (36.15%) and 5,071 are juveniles (63.85%). Adults were identified as belonging to 45 families, 140 genera and 209 speciesConifaber and morphospecies guarani Grismado, (101 2004nominal and species Oonops and nigromaculatus 108 morphotypes). Mello- Forty-one species were recorded for the first time from the state of Paraná, most of them belonging to Araneidae (14), Oonopidae (4), Theridiidae (4), and Uloboridae (3). Leitão, 1944 were recorded for the first time from Brazil. These results place Paraná as the sixth state with the highest knownnumber species of records in Paraná. of spiders from Brazil, currently 465 species. This study increases in 10% the number of species recorded from Paraná, and the Atlantic Forest fragment becomes one of the most well sampled areas in the state, with 20% of all DOI: 10.15560/10.6.1435 Introduction comparisons with the previous literature (Brescovit et al. Spiders represent the second largest order within the 2011; Mello-Leitão 1941, 1947). arachnids. They are a group of predators that occur in In this study, we compiled a list of species from various physical and biological conditions of the terrestrial the Parque Estadual Mata São Francisco, one of the largest fragments of Atlantic Forest in northern Paraná these animals are found in all zoogeographical regions of (Bornschein and Reinert 2000), contributing towards the theenvironment world except (Foelix the 1996).Arctic andDue Antarcticto this adaptive regions success, (Foelix knowledge on the spider fauna of Brazil and highlighting the importance of the conservation of the area. 1996). With fossil records dating from the middle of the Materials and Methods terrestrialDevonian (approximatelyenvironment (Selden 380 millionet al. 1991).years Currently,ago), the Study site order Araneae was one of the first groups to conquer the The Parque Estadual Mata São Francisco (PEMSF) is located in the municipalities of Santa Mariana and 2014).there are The 45,081 Neotropical described region species is of known spiders, for distributed its high ° araneofaunain 3,928 genera diversity, and 114 but isfamilies still poorly (World studied. Spider Brazil Catalog has average altitude), in the state of Paraná (Figure 1). It has a the highest diversity of spiders in the southeast region, Cornélio Procópio (28°08′47.3″ S, 50 34′19.5″ W, 543 m families, as reported by Brescovit et al. (2011). properties,total area of dominated 832.5 ha, of by which monocultures 27% in the of soybeans,municipality corn, of includingStudies records of the araneofauna of 3,203 species from the in state659 genera of Paraná, and date 72 wheat,Santa Mariana and pastures and 73% surround in Cornélio the park Procópio. (Tomé Agriculturalet al. 1999). of field expeditions conducted by European naturalists from GallesiaThe botanical integrifolia fauna of(Spreng.) the PEMSF Harms includes (Phytolaccaceae), 85 tree species studiesthe XIX werecentury, published. who described Mello-Leitão the first (1941) species proposed of spiders the Croton(belonging floribundus to 36 families),Spreng. (Euphorbiaceae),the most dominant Piptadenia being: (Keyserling 1880; Simon 1893). After that, only sporadic gonoacantha (Mart.) J.F. Macbr (Mimosaceae), Sebastiana and a few years later (Mello-Leitão 1947) described 48 brasiliensis Spreng. (Euphorbiaceae), Pachystroma longi­ first spider catalog for the state, including 222 species, folium (Ness) I.M. Johnst (Euphorbiaceae), Nectandra cave dwelling species. Few non-standardized inventories megapotamica (Spreng.) Mez (Lauraceae), Aspidosperma wereadditional also conductedspecies. Pinto-da-Rocha in different areas (1995) of the recordedstate (Lopes 11 polyneuron Müll.Arg. (Apocynaceae), Alchornea glandulosa et al et al. 2010a, b). Brescovit et al. Poepp. & Endl. (Euphorbiaceae), Sorocea bonplandii (Baill.) (2011) published a list of 424 literature records of species Bougainvillea recorded. 2006, from 2008; the Buschini state, ranking Paraná as the sixth state glabra Choisy (Nyctaginaceae) (Tomé et al. 1999). in species richness of spiders from Brazil. Although the W.C. Burger, Lanjouw & Boer (Moraceae) and state of Paraná is only a political denomination, with no by a warm, humid subtropical weather, with drier periods biogeographical implication, it is here used to enable the duringAccording winter, to Maacktemperatures (1950), theabove PEMSF 22°C is characterized during the 1435 Chavari et al. | Spiders of the Parque Estadual Mata São Francisco corresponded to one sample, totaling 120 samples, 24 per samplingtraps that point. we left exposed for 30 days. Each pitfall trap 2 We delimited plots of 300 m (30 X 10 m) in three sampling sites (P6: 23°09′35″ S, 50°34′46″ W; P7: searching23°09′41″ S,(NM). 50°33′56″ The techniqueW; and P8: consisted23°09′18’’ inS, 50°33′26’’sampling spidersW) (Figure from 1), leaf where litter, wefallen conducted trunks, under nocturnal rocks, manual- bushes and tree trunks during 1 hour. With this sampling method, we obtained 90 samples, 30 for each sampling site. We sampled the sites monthly for one year, from May 2009 to April 2010, resulting in 300 samples from five points (P1–P5) and 90 samples from three points (P6–P8), totaling 390 samples. We preserved all collected material in 70% alcohol and identified it with the number of the sample and area. We deposited vouchers in the collection Figure 1. Geographic location of the eight sampling sites of the Parque SP, Brazil. The research in the Parque Estadual Mata São Estadual Mata São Francisco, in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Franciscoof Instituto was Butantan authorized (IBSP by150237-150300) the Instituto Ambiental in São Paulo, do Paraná (IAP) with collecting permits from the SisBio warmest months and rare frosts. The average rainfall is system of the Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos January and February being the wettest, with an average 1200–1400 mm per year, with the trimester of December, RecursosThe previous Naturais records Renováveis of species (IBAMA we present number: in this 2122-1; study wereRequest: based 10254). on Brescovit et al. (2011), inventories carried of 500–600 mm, and the trimester of June, July and August Datathe driest, collection with an average of 150–175 mm (IAPAR 2013). et al. The sampling in PEMSF was conducted in eight 2008;out in ParanáBuschini (Keyserling et al. 2010a, 1880; b) and Simon in the1893; database Mello-Leitão of the sampling points (P1–P8, Figure 1), which were chosen due collection1947, 1941; of the Pinto-da-Rocha Instituto Butantan 1995; — LopesIB, Brasil. 2006, theto their fauna easy in access different and phytophysionomicmicrohabitats. Nevertheless, differences. notWe Results allcollected methods spiders were usingused infive all samplingsampling methodssites, as describedto access below. 2 We collected 7,942 spider specimens, of which 2,872 adults (36.15%) divided in 1,129 males and 1,743 females. In five sampling sites, we installed 16 m plots (P1: The observed richness was 45 families, 140 genera (based 23°09′03″ S, 50°33’51″ W; P2: 23°10′11″ S, 50°33′51″ W; 101only nominalon identified species genera) and 108and morphospecies209 morphospecies (Table with 1). P3: 23°09′20″ S, 50°34’20″ W; P4: 23°09’28″ S, 50°34′18″ Clubionidae,approximately Oecobiidae, 48% of these Philodromidae taxa identified and to speciesSegestriidae level, W; and P5: 23°09′33″ S, 50°34′13″ W). In these, we employed four sampling methods: diurnal active manual- leafsearching litter, fallen (DM), trunks, beating under tray rocks, (BT), bushes litter sifting and tree (LS) trunks. and were represented only by juvenile specimens. The families pitfall traps (PT). DM consisted in sampling spiders from nineteenwith the largestfamilies number were representedof species were by Theridiidaea single species (35), sampling (Coddington et al. 1991). BT was used to collect (TableAraneidae 1 and (31), Figure Salticidae 2). (17) and Uloboridae (10), while spidersOne DM that sample occupy corresponds shrubby stratum to 1 hour up to of 2 continuousm high, by Based on the data presented by Brescovit et al. (2011) beating the bushes onto a structure formed by a white et al. 1991; Podgaiski et al. 2007; followedwe found by 41 Theridiidae new records and for Oonopidae the state of with Paraná, four, Uloboridaewith major Carvalhocloth (60 and× 60 Avelino cm), sustained 2010). One by twoBT sample wooden corresponds rods (80 × withcontributions three, Linyphiidae, from Araneidae, Pholcidae with and 14 Thomisidae species (Figure with two 3), to2 × 40 2 minutescm) (Coddington of continuous sampling. LS was conducted and ten families with one species each (Table 1 and Figure according to Barreiros et al. 4). Conifaber guarani Grismado, 2004 (Uloboridae, Figure this method corresponds to the inspection of approximately 4J) and Neotrops nigromaculatus (Mello-Leitão, 1944) were 1 m2 of soil, collected randomly, (2005); and sievedthe sampling using a unit screen for restricted to Paraguay, Uruguay and Argentina, and are here per sampling point, for each method described above. Among the sampling methods, we obtained the of 0.5 cm in the laboratory. We obtained 60 samples, 12 largestrecorded number for the first of timespecies in Brazil.
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