E R-9,Copy NE(original Station in Ledger) ?~WNEYL.VICH&A
ESTABLISHMENT REPORT FOR
TIONESTA RESEARCH NATURAL AREA
Within the Allegheny National Forest McKean County, Pennsylvania
U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING 3FFICE : 1980 O - 309-842 Fs-6200-7 (10/73) on ISOreaber 23, 1934, the Nmti~~ltorest R.ru7lrtiOn Corrluiorr. mmet mmription and vrlu*
approved the purcha of th8 rt~faoeright@ on a tract of laa* on the bud- Tiaber ralwe am indicatd by the roluma of rrchantable Week and
stffe of Tioneeta Cnek fmm tb. C.ntnl P*na.yliania Lumbar Comgkay. Ih. hrrdwode prnt on the tract rtun cruieed In LEZ, a@follore: puoban me ar8plel.t.d JLLl 23, 1936, and the ara of 4,OBO eon@within *ie. ..rerag. Stand pr %tal Stftnd* the boundaries of U.rSb.t%yEational tomet ie na in Tod8nJ. ovmrokip. aon, 9. t. Y n., B. is PUfcha- of this tract, ad-rocuted by tho Pemmylrania ?weetry
after thorough conaid8ration of the aaientific ard asstlmtlo taLw of tb. 4r(pu aPl@ 403 i,7W
Tlo~.t. tract and tha wed for pmrrring it, th. lest -1nia.s Zvlp Yellow ani met blrCh 2454 1,579
arm of virgin fore8t in the middle atlantia reglon. The Colliulon ne BTaak cherry 3ll 1,351
prenrration npr8mtod tb. highoet public we. Khite ah 104 453
In or&? that the piblic my enjoy the oduaatio~lend i~pirrtionrl
qualitlee inhennt in unmleeted rirgln fcrr8t8 rlthart deetzofing ttn ur-
fulneu or tbm tract for mia~tificreurroh, it ie neoe88uy that tha M
be girur epraial daeignetion and that appmpriato plw of -mat k
lnat itutrd. RsaLoak ie tb. chief ep.aiee, Wing UP 7sof tth, niercbantable rolum on the
tmot ea a whole. Broh ie raond in iapor-&me, ssd is the chief um8retorj Deaaription of hact @p.ci@@,r*pmbrcin(l: both by .wdlin&e and root 8uckam to bold it8 om rith laoation - the lowr-lired hemlook. 'Th. intolenuit black cbeny, yellarpo?lea, bseo- Thie rirgln err 18 1oaat.d in Sb.ffibl~Iand Wetmre ltmmhlp.. mod. and whit. e8h err tblr pm.mce chialy to local cdtbi~trophea, mcb a6 llrrnn and McK8en Countiee, Pu3n8ylr.nta. dthh th8 bounbari88 of tb. rindthrow, iol.tO, drou&ht, eta., rhiah her, opened tha dorainant hraloa&- 31- ationrl lone:, a. .boa! on ti^ ettaabd a&. politid ub- ball CUMm i. 8b vet and allowed reproduction of rbsw rapid-y)wl~g divleiom and tb. enat loaation af eaah unit am .bDa by attaah.d bar epai.. to m clollfni.nt. egg redrafted fraacqul8ltion -8 rlth the &%ition oi draioiy. .d ml8 tm un no ?went bum8 and no burren, brueh, gmee, or cultl- culture. +Ributariee of tho south Branoh of Tloll.8tr Cwk. a bnmah or rated nmao a (.. 8-t, it ie mrthy of note that e uve~windthror. follorrd tho AlLoghemy Rirrr, drrin the tract. by firm, amabout 65 y.ue ago on the rl@ betwon Gh8rry Run and tb. Th. tract of 4,- aorrs ouUUnd on the ban apinalude8 dl 0.2 Weol l$Wk and ttn weet branch cb Fork me. (%e ban sap for exact l00a- LO*@ 392, zu, us, u4, 4s. el, a,rild 4SJ; ud p0rtiOlu Of Lot8 tion.) &out 37s @are. hn reproduced to a stand of mrcrcbsntable corbrood, 372, 373, 391, 393, US, 3759, ZW, md 2a. An urr of SSb none in -- chid17 rd auple, bhok cbuTJ, yell~~birch, war ample and beech, wit& prte of fat8 372, 373, and 393, rhiah r8out or*r in 19%. oarpietoe the oconeiomtl eaured ntorene which 8tuvir.d tlr wind and fin. totrl err of 4,U6 eon8 pumhnd in thi8 tnat. Th. trra: ie in on8 uggtng or -k in 1934, end of hprd*oode in ~$23und 1936, be been contiguoul bloak numurd.4 b7 aove~tarndLud, dth the emeption corplekY on amoriut.ly 338 acme in Ute 572, 373, end 393. Thie ndjacent of a wet faoiw cuttin( edgm btwa Let8 394 Ild 393 ur). adjeoent pti- clur-aut err ie erpctad to reproduce to young gruwth, rbieh will erent~a~ly ~8telyanrd 14in Lot. 590, UB, md lu~t3789 08 the met. Tb. XZ- poMt tb. nor expond north boundwy of tbiirgln fornet. aam traot in the mrthu8t oorna of Ipt 591 &a rwently bur. apprord Tb. reminder of the tract, or rppmdmt.ly 5,7CO acme, ie loreetrd for puaban. dth virgin ti-r 02 good qunlity. Studie* by the Aleghay Fonet Ezwrinnt Phyelcnl Condi tion8 stmtion Iba th8t Wokon mil-at& etmu bottom eitee 10 rrpnnted in Tb. tract lie6 a 8& Platma rltblo UI. beeah-biroh- all yp ale8ru8 fm~a fw tmee ore? 50G year* of age to yourrg regroduetion a maplchomloak fon.t region, at rLmCtou rra(li.. iza 1.W fat in r(w pmr or tra old. Y8turs hemlock contain fire or air Lo-fwt loge, or ihicb One strum r;.lLe)1 to 1,930 fwt @bore u-lml on tlm rid608 mr platuu. T?n or tn, arr urface cleur; acoording to tb. acquieition ed~afion,the aTeia&V t0pDgraph.t~ rg .hme it to aond8t oi ekrpeld.d, -, 1- st- log run ir mix 16-tart log. per thousead board feet. %a ughr napla ard black n11lere cut into a platau, rlth roletirely JvMdiemation at the bed. cherry nm of r0re.t .rorn fom and bo am of excrli8nt quality, *bile the beech of dra1nrg.e. ani otba rpoiee ur of fair quality.
7 7- Xppndix: YP of ALle&m7 mtiom1 ?met. 8 Appendix: an mpof propond natural md menio anae &.ig:ed Pet Ticno* riqm fo-t and ad&aent noond -. 19%. AppmndiX: lbpopphia mp Of Wet TiOikO8t. tlrot. 3 me -II- --t bt-n tho me81 4mae MA tb. MV.1 Rnneyl~UIe unbar Ccmpauy ren-d to th8 bttrr the right to nmie all foze8t pmduote fro* appmlirt.4 336 acme et the wrtbrn ond of the tmat for a pwtiod emlily t.yr yeue aftor title to tb. tnc: puwt to the Uniw Ctatae. t-e year*' period recompleted on July 23, 1939.
of the C.atral hnn8ylran.ia Cospgny ni- Izr an adkitioiuli two yesb.
2itizsnr of Kame, Suren, and other newby toms nave given no mncmts ex-
a0de by ?h.adora K. Cop. ud atbur s. Ramifin. of Wlrnrll tXil*rolty pmosioa of opinion, but probebly they synpathize with .Cheffieid. Of couru,
during prt of 1Lru, Sub, and nuerur;t. 19&'. This rep-t illuotratso tha tb. clooing of Large nrmillr duo to fluhi rsmvai of ail nnaini~gtlnbcr
ralue of the undisturbed ri@n foreot a0 a mure0 of infowtion of an to hs wriou8 loas of incorps M msw %omsof tho Pbtssu; affleld 18
Cr.0 ;hut and aninel emtogist. Ttm area 10 ialuable for the p.oduction of unigus only in being the last to face this iwrltable ac'justrurt. TM tseneral
i3ane end fur-b-riag animal8 af knriit to the 870rt~anand trappsr, but rsaction tarard non-couxdity ups of this forest is furomble %;uou&ut the
far mom ~luableam the fact8 it can ft;rci8h concomtng th, balance of %st of tho State 4 in adjacent :br Yorr State. :oiluentiul group., sbcn as
nildlife species azd tbelr intamlatlono with each other arrci rith their tte Pann87iranla ?oreetry ~aaociationa& rtm Birr6 .,ssjcla~ion, are stmn&;1 etvlro!lpsnt - fact. Cirectly anllcclhle to the ?roblens of the ega and Irr fewer of mtainiw thir tract aa ar unCisturbed axnc.p;s of ;~finsvaLforest. rildlifo minagor. Tho entire area should bs presemd ln its natural stat. 3-rd Lirntrg.mnt Pollog aai ,~istratiteSe~uin.sr%s ee an enrimnaent within which anirmls as rall a0 planto my paoa thmugti To a8nur ttm protection and ri~urn of tCe unusuai niueo existine their life c;cle disturbed by mn-cawed catastrophoo. in this area, policies for its consenhtlve developasct ~zduse are reco~zmnde0
and ad. a part of this report. r3j 71.m mu~tr~munize tb~ need fur safe- ssee Of virgin timber, mp8~1tativoof original fmeut condition8 yarding the sciantific , arducationai and inrplr~tiona;vrl,lae, the ;raaerrdtion
in any foreot region, offer attrectiro recrratioml psalbilitie# for p~b of which rru tha basic fuatification for the exzwxlltw-e of '33~~5700,CCC of
iic dorelo~aant. This arsa 10 potentially a valuable recmatioml asset to public funds to ;wcbm it. ,%ttsr sum ti=, it =st LI~SC)r~)co&nize the wb-
?he .,lls(;heny :htional Fomot, and as auch alom de#enos a2equrte ptee- ?ices lnhemnt ri@t M enjoy it. Becauss of the beaut7 snd the pj~lilrappal
tlon aminst poacible spoilage of this mltur by unwin admtniotration or ?f rirgfn forest, ?onoldaable public we a;af be expected, provi~lonf3r %hicS.
excessire ;rub110 u8e. The uw to which such arsao my k aubjsctad bg pub mat be mde ;rrafarably in the forn of th. slapl+st facilities chat will met
lie demand is illuetrated by the fact thut the Cook State mmst Park, an th. need and at thr, mne tine cauoe a nialmun disturbaaee of untd condltixui.
ares of rirein vhite pine on tho Clarion Slrer, a. visited by 500,000 pr- %em facilitlas ahould be ao daaigud eni lx%ttsd that rlsltors ta the arm
sono during the 193 sesso&. In the mstropolitan amns of saren largm -7 onjoy the inspirational and rramatlona). stlzaLw Cat the area hoo to
cities within a day's drin by autombile from the tract are 19 telllion Miu, but at the &ma tin ur auld he directed so ttat aisrurbrrre of ruc-
peopie, may of rhora am able to aploy leiw+ or racatlon tlm in TiOltiUg tinm dedicated to purely .ali.cpStcic pursuits will be alnialzcnl.
mtuml wonders. Honorer, becaun of it. mlatire ioolntion ard the pm- 3 acaonplish then puporno, sntrsce rued aman on the rm? and the
pod 8lrqplicity of it. rscrsatioml facilities, oxtmmly hoary we 18 not other cdmple but nwrauu). fullltteo rill be froviaed at the Mrtharn end of
antlcipeted. tbtreat. %lo pint d urtrrooo aroi~sthe cons1derro;e distwhuncea browht
about by intemiro oil and &ws derelo~tsai>y :a r:"-,% be:reao Cherry ifun scientific a& Educational Valuso Dominhnt nad ?.'eOt Brtulch of Fork Run. Th. southern hit nil: Sa resenat: ror rclsntlflc In riw of ttm fact. tb.t tho Tionoota tract uu 10 th. la86 lugm pWp0008. TMo dom wt neceuurily mnn that occaeloaal rialtors rill he ama of wld1oturb.d forest of it8 kind, aui tb8t on- disturbed by loggia6 arbitruily oxcludad fmn tha orxithem portion, ~r thst sclentlllc ~serill be or inteM1.r mcnutional um, it. value as m onrplo of na-1 plant aad band from tb northern half, lio+orrhelaoo, it bppeuru to be @oa pi*~nriwW animal co-itieo 18 fomrer de8troyd. peram.nt T~nrrationln it0 meagnizo inc~dng;rublic un and to prorida for It in such a way thclt the natural state energeo a0 tb. higtmot po~oiblour. ?or only in uch l tract scientific and oQlcetional ralue8 my be conserved by owing w It that huran can the forestor 8tudy tho true 1- ti- interactlono omw fro* 8p.cies. dlstutbfmoo of tb. ara 10 kept to R nlnimc. the relation of tmes to lesur regmtatlon and to native oniral. life, tho This plan lo baud on the principle of a dlr1s:on of Lw are- b%LW*n conditione unbr which virgin foreoto gmr, rmch naturity, decline aui re- tlmw tm forau of urwhich rill best serve to cl~rlt'~t* u~blsrof rdziz- .'urenau. ;nmero to thowands of perpluiw farsot nrir(ismnt qwotloru iOtrrrtion, ..lOauUd that ?Ortion dsdicatard to sc1es:iflc rowurcl ta ba aom my rennin obscure indefinitely witbout an opportunity to learn hac then no a liatml dm, pride for ths rights o: tm ;u>.lc 'to anJoj U.W e6uc.r- pmhlsrrs, am net in the uadi8turbed fore8t. Ponmtuo, 00 rrLl cu tionnl and in8piratioolrL r8lueo of a large am repre~ntstlrsUact t3 w ascia- and plant ecoloei8t0, h.r long -gnizd tb. tmstirbls ralw of mln- namd a Sconia -a. taining rirein axvao a. ot.udnrd8 of CorpvLron and objacto for dotion The reconulndd division of th. area betrsac :.rao ta f~rzsf uw 10 by forest ;ranylors. TO mlluw this laat reminine o.urplo of virgin dlo- a8 ohom on the attaabd bwmp. Tho area ded1cr:ed prmril~to sclentlflc ghny hardwoods to booom formr loot would be a0 nd0~8to ooientiflc purpow8 through .linili..l plblla urContalne 2,iL3 scree; LLAL dsdlc~udpi- endeavor and faroot praotiaa a0 tko low of a nation to arLd culture. i mrlQ to p~blicwo eoILt.1~1.967 acres. ifubllc antimat A# prldd in this pkn, Um sdntnloprtion of rientiflc nna atha? ua
%em is a otm~(ilwul mtiP.nt mag tb. p.op& of Sbffi8fd. of thr tkt-1 -8 .h.U ba the mopaslbility of th. mr-ctor of tte ,.l-whew
?enn8ylwnf., in hror of Lw&Lne thlo tract in orda to mlntaln th. life Icr0.t 21'pertar.nt StatLon, ucopt tlmt proteetian fmr flre aoO rreoplss w1LL be
Cop*, T. %. srd Ihrlria8, A, S. 1933. X proli~tlauynuroy of tho flora sad faun or th. de8t Tioluo~virgin foroat, Pennoylrraia. Foreot *roe. 24.55-r7. Peters, %or@. 1936. Ten yemes pmgrou in Cmk ?orrot State ark. Senice Uttor P.nnoylrania bputrmt of ?orest. am Water.. Seriee 7. 20. ;3. =rcleDer 31. 1936. b th. Regional Pameter. ,idainiew~tioa,u, Md drr.log.nt of 8%- totiate rill be aoar;truct.d War tbs prrking iun and a few picnl~
the soenic &-a.hll be the respo~ibllityof the Regid Pwarcrr, JL6esotn ulKee, dth dthn reftam cane ar pita, 6U be pcvided at ntit%ble loch-
7ei?l0n. It 18, hver, bg.d that the ae@oldl toreater md UI. Direcwr tione. For tbr tlr kin# and until a bet* idu of public nerd. for
shall mutUnlly amon th. deelrrbilit~of any lnpvenmtr or treatrnte to additionel iaoilities 1s obteiad, rp fire place* rill be hilt, or facili-
oe and* in eitbar -, sime both portio~of the tract err inteniepsrrdent ties for urarpUy ~viaedin this anrcl.
and not upuate biologic unite. In the went that public ur grow8 to ruch en extent as to mum
That both the iii.tum1 ud Suenio dore my aam effeotlvely the pu- dying ai trre, all picnicking inside th. Scrniu ,,ram rill be --d and a
pome of field laboraton for both rrnirl and phtt ecolog and the majoyant uitahle dew1o;unt ?mid& in the rmnd-gnnrth tabu out816. It is nos
bj the public of living exanples of wildlife in their native heunte, th. erprcted that prking fncilitiee imide will be expanded beyonl sceorod.tions
wrest srrioe rill take up 6th the Pennaylrania Cafl Wmzssicn the porei- for ss care.
bi'iitl~*of having the attire tract doelgnat& a ep.oi6l rildlife prerne in The plamud locatlon of tho parking anw and tb. short trall to water
rhfch ail foru rill be allowed to d6~10pin aaoo~owith nett~lbiologio rill mks emallant arpi.8 of virgin aonditlone arailable to old- prane
Law8. iD*eror, it 18 recomlzed that the area 1s too mll to allor a mr- and thor mt phyeiaclllg able to rslk lower dietnncee. No attsapt at this
2:ete biologic balance to become eetabllehsd; hence, eau dypw of control tir 1. being rade to lay out the ultlmts trail syatas orsr and above timt
my be naceseary to provent the derrlopp.nt of erceeeive powlations that mvtded by tbpipllnae.
eat damage ssvarely the vegstatloa to the detriarnt of all pLst and anlml It is pmbahle that the trall system should provide for acceea into
Life. portions of Lots 372, 373, 303, aad 412 not nor sasiiy reecnea from the pip* Lime. Suggeaud loc6tions for future conelderatlsn, depnaent uwn urn, ara Cas of the xWtural ,@*a eketahsd on the uap. "The Boulderow, e unique me& foxantion of consldereble 3s XL1agb.w Forest ltzpsrimnt Station will take definite eteps to interset, ahouid k, an objeatirr for trumpre. enaum the fullest practicable rciektific uu of this a~ con8iet.nt with Tba amrill be cnrenLCLy but unobtmsivsly signed, giring the pub~tc its ?rewrvatim as an swple of und1rturb.d rsg.tation. Scientiete, ims- ntch directionnl and eduutionrl iniO~tlOna8 is ap~mpriata. spCtin of thalr aiflllatione, rill be eacouraged to ur the asea, mbjeat Th. deghmn~Natlonvl Forrmt wili continue to protect the entire tract to ouch mstricti3na a8 the Director my prsscrlb. to 8af-e th. mluee fru fire end treewee ee it be in the pat. In the ersnt of inwot or tree 1~voLv.da& en- pblic benefit fro6 the moults. Tho prennae of well dlr6r outhucs, tho edrlor of th. %mu of a~lto.ology and Plenr ,uarantlne derslowd 8ecsnd-growth as well as recently clear cut lands adjaceat to the and of the Bn*6u of Pl88t Lxiuatrj eball be mught and conrrpi rraeursa nec- tract nalE.8 poeeible the study of contrasting conditioni. eeary to proteat botll tr Sumic and Natural dae ahill be War tb. teehni- Senarch workers in an? field shall ba deflnltely m8trictud to the cal dirsction of tho awebnrus cowemsd. Such mntml, if it involver use of such techniques a8 rill prevent pernarvnt dificatlon of exieting cutting oi tlnber or wUerpmd urn of poimns, &sll be arbject to nppmvrrl conditions and rlll caum a nlnimum oi tenporary disturbance of either plant by the Regional ?ore.ta md the Director. or anltal life or their enrimnosnt. :To buildln*3s, mde, telopbona, or other improrsrrantm shall be coastruated in or across the :!atam1 .cut, ax- Innpotion ce?t ss provided legelly throu@ the eismiu of exieting mimral rights. Th. R.gioPal Foreater and the Mr0ato.- rill require that qunlirled
Low staadard foot trall8, othsr thou the exlsting oil and gas lime, shall repmntativa# of ouch umko at lmet ta inspction# of both Scanlc and
Se penaitfad vhere necessary to the conduct of ecientific research. Saupiw liaturs]. -8 annually to &t.intne the adequacy of axlering Iucll? ties and end ua, of fire on the area eh8U be allor.d only upon psrei~eiontrorn the whether the unique edua8tiopll and sciantiiic mluee are belw po?i%rdizedby atrector. over UY or t.reeme~.
;as Alegheny Forest Sxporimnt Station .hll beg th. Regiond aerieion d ?oiicy Forester inford as to plam and maouroh in plW3re88 on th. NItural ma. noviolone of this policy my be lade fmn tlar to tin, as nesclsrt M
safeguard thie area for the purpoeea for rhlch It is set aside. -uca rsri- rJaa of Scenic ,sea
Considerabie disturbnee of absolute aaturrrlnses has alreud.j occurrud alone rut be colleurred in by the Regional lometer end Dtrecto: Ma approved by the Ghief Forsetor before they becam o.pntire. through the operati?na of oil wul grs dmlopwnte. Bcnrrer, tln cleffad rlghtcof-ray of ttn pip lims ~n,urble ae tmilr and, b7 rad 1-0, ;nu- seat an attractive a.;psnranae a& are eaeily ~wtic~ML.It i8 gLUWMf that them shall tom the bsis of tb. trail ryst.n, them& mdWfnCI the neC*e- sitj for cztting or dig&& na trails.
3evelopmt aelh for the con8tructton oi a stub mad lding fro8 Jegiowl Forester. -agasn 7 :ruck trail 533 thr~yChbrpi80r. %-year old seaond grorth into the edg. of the virgin tlib.r, ria a parking epce for 10-20 care nuu the commn ;L.rector, -~o&ihmj -crsst -x er:-.en% -ta cion :orner of Lot. 93, 374, 391, end 292. .t thls pint tha tlEtier 18 rather acuttamd wlth aonslderabie of It deu~~r Cfity end listis ~crlficeof old dror th is rmcaesury. ?ma tha prlring swce u short trail about :,4 zile in length chn be built on ua eta, cr~&ientts drinriw ri~to: '-c::e '.he piw
Line 0: the ikttoml Trhneit Cor,?any. TLie timber alor!.g this rjroprsd tr~i:
nd the pim line is very fins. :n order to provide aunirary tacllitir*, !$y virtue of th, authDrity 7rat.d in er by Rogulattw U-3 arrd U-4 of
the Searrtar~of ~gricuitura,1 do hareby dedgnau:
(1) AS tbr Tloneeta t21tural art the follorlng barlbod lands in
,Jlsghrzrj National Forest, in orda that said lsod. b. dulicated to and
u8d for ffiientlfic mswch d education.
Al.i of Lot8 430, 4s. 432, and partlona of LOte 414. U3, and "&aTunt* 2W, 2433, 3759, totaling 2,113-- ecme, preriously de~rlbmiand ~utlimdon eb. attachd mp, comprising lands purchaeod by th. PedshiL GO~-at fmn
the Centraf Psmjlvaaia Wtmr Cowf.
Widlcttan, occupancy end uu will be ~rerdby tha respctlte
~otlaionaof Regulation U-4, the Wunl instntctiona Chereunaar, and tne re- p)tt accoaplngiag thie order.
(2) A. the Tiometa Seen10 mom the foilori~described in aileghutp National ?o'ore8t, in ordff that mid lands shall be dedicated to and umd by the piblic for ilupiration nad education.
All of Lote 392, U1, U2, U3, 433, &nd ?arts of Lots 372, L73, 131,
393, ad U4, totding 1,967 acme, prrrioualy aescribsd &nd outlimd on %ha attnchod lvr~corpriaingland. purchamod by tho Iederal Gorsrnnrnf frar the
Central Penaeylrania i.umb.r Company.
Nridiction, occupancy and uee riLL be gcrrerned by rho mapeetire provieions of Regulation U-3, the Lkrauai i~tructionethemuoar, a& the rc port accorpanyin(~this ore-.
signs6 this 31 bry of July, 1940.
C. I.&anger --,cting Chief, Paseat a;.rrlce Socieiy af iizt:~ Foresters Coaiqi ttee on Naturi \reas
NATURAL AREA NOMIF4ATION FORM
Instruction;: Complete an-d forward to Committee along with a sketch type map of the area and a location map (highway map) indicating general locatiot~of proposed area. Information on past ob~nershipand managemeht, scientific or educational use, hydrologic features, rare plants or animals or other pertinent facts should be included. Please type. Photos, if available, will be welcomed. Name of Proposed Natural Area: Tionesta Natural Area Pennsyl vani Locatiori: State: -- county: Mckean Total Area: 2,113 Acres Nearest Town and Distance: Kane, Pa. 8 Name Mi 1es Agency/O\~ner: USDA Forest Service Admirlistrative Unit: Allegheny National Forest Natl. Forest, Natl . Park, !:iildl ife Refuge, State, gniv., etc.
Address : P .O. Box 847 Warren, PA 16365 - Perranence Affcrded How: U-4 (36 CFR 251.23) Laws, Regciation, ill, Endownent, LetofTgrren;eft, etc. Priniary Forest Type:
SAF: SAF-23 Hem1 ock 1 644' Acres Type Number Type Name Type Area Dominant Trees: D.B.H. Hgt. Age Other Important Types or \/egetation:
Dominant Trees: Name D.B.H. Hgt. Age '4rea SAF Type, SAF 25 Sugar map1 e- beech Number and Name: - 3eH-€w+j"^- ---19 " SAF 60 Beech-sugar map1 e ---400
SAF ' 28 Black cherry-sugar maple 50 . - --
Barren, Water, Buffer Zone, etc: -... none - Acres Area and Nature This together with the Description of Vegetation and Other Distinguishing Characteristics: Tionesta Scenic Area, is the largest tract of virgin forest between North-Carolina & - - .. Northern New York, It contains many no. plant and animal species that are uncommon at this- latitude. .- steep Elevation: '1,550 - 1,980 ---- Feet Topography: --- Range and Average Level, Rolling, Steep, etc. Geology and Soils G-17, snale & sandstone -.-- - A1 luvial , 'Jolcanic, Moraine, Pods31 , Serpentine, Etc. Briefly outline why this tract should be designed an SAF natural area:
In order that the public may enjoy the educational and inspirational qualities inherent in unnolegted virgin forests without destroying the usefulness of the tract for sci6ntific research, it is necessary that the area be given special designation and that appropriate plans of management be instituted.
Forest Service Submitted by: ~~-11M. Burns Title : RNA Coordinator Datc: USDA Forest Service Mailing Address: p.0. BOX 2417
Washington, D.C. 20013 Approved : Section Natural Area Chai rman or Natural Area Liaison Officer Approved for Listing in Register of SAF Natural Areas: Chairman, Committee on Natural Areas Date Cornittee on Natural Areas, Society of American Foresters, 5400 Grosvenor Lane, Washington, D.C. 20074 SIGNATURE
REPLY 1 >L iiilS >.:iCL FCli RLPLY. 3iGS A-\D D-iTE. RL. i ' \t-\iZ_)tA. HI.:!:tl-\ P.-IHTI
- - FORM AD-31 I(REV 5-68) FORM 6200-8 (1/64) UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT Department of Agrfculture-Forest Service --NEFES, 6816 Market St., Upper Darby, Pa. 19082 Memorandum
TO : Chief File No. 4060 (4100) Attn: Carl E, Ostrom
FROM : W. T. Doolittle, Asst. Director Date: December 16, 1968 Timber and Watershed mnagement Research
SUBJECT: Your reference:
In your report of the 1968 TMR General Functional Inspection, you suggested that we obtain acreage estimates by SAF forest types for the Tionesta Natural Area in the Allegheny National Forest. We have now located this data from the survey made by the ANF at the time of land acquisition. After checking and updating of the type names, we feel that the following information should be added to both the Forest Service and the Society of American Foresters natural area listings.
TIONESTA NATURAL AREA
I/ Type- Acreage
23 Hemlock 1644 25 Sugar maple-beech-yellow birch 19 60 Beech-sugar maple 400 28 Black cherry-sugar maple 50
From SAF Forest Cover Types of North America, 1954, FORM 6200.8 (f l64f UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT Department of Agriculture -Forest Service Warren, Pa, 16365 Memorandum
TO : R. D. Lane, Director File No. ~cLG
FROM : T. J. Grisez, Project Leader Date: May 10, 1968
SUBJECT: Research (Xatural Areas) Your reference:
This is in reply to Harquis's telephone requesWor information for Carl Ostrom on areas by forest types in the Tionesta Natural Area.
Apparently no survey of forest types was ever made in the Tionesta Natural and Scenic Area. According to a timber cruise in 1932, 75 percent of the sawtimber volume was hemlock and 15 percent was beech. I don't know whether this was the entire tract, the old growth timber in it, or all the then uncut old growth. Anyhow, hemlock is well distributed through most of the natural area, so this is probably why it was all classified hemlock type for the S.A.F. list of natural areas,
I examined the aerial photos and roughly delineated the larger areas where hemlock is absent, or nearly so. There are five areas from 12 to 55 acres in size in the natural area. They total about 146 acres.
The scenic area has some large areas of younger stands that are mostly hardwoods, as well as some old-growth hardwoods. ~hesehardwood types total about 930 acres.
These hardwood forest types may be any of several defined by the Society of American Foresters, including So. 25, sugar maple-beech, yellow birch; 27, sugar maple; 28, black cherry-sugar maple; 29, black cherry; or 60, beech- sugar maple. From my recollection,of several stands I have been in, I would guess that the black cherry-sugar maple type exceeds any other hardwood type in area, at least in the natural area. Numbers 27 and 29 would probably account for most of the remainder.
The total area is 4,131 acres. Of this, 2,018 acres is in the scenic area, and 2113 is in the natural area. cc: Wm. Kickbusch ;f-jl,W,UpE:E FTXJCII &,XI) XDYIL~ISWP2'23 ff CT ION TIOjlJESTA UTwAL &if3 T:% TZO>EJTA SCFNIC
Approved Approved
L I1 ctor, M, L, Stat !miss supercedes the qeport Rec dfng the Estabfishrnent of the
Tianesta Natural Area and the Tionesta Scenic Area- egheny Nat-ional Forestm dated June 12, 19b signed by R. E. Evans, Regionel Forester and Harciy La Shirley, Director, and approved by C. E. Granger, Acting Chief on July 31, 19b dealing with the administrstion and use of the Tionesta Natural. Brea and the
Ticmesta Scenic kea, It becames effective upon approval by the Regional
Forester, Eastern Region and the Director of the Northeastern Station and siwiltaneously with the Regionaf Forester's order modifying the scenic area J under the athrity delegated to him under Regalation 4-3. The modifging order to the scenic area adds/approximately 9acres of virgin fcsrest land situated in the northeaat corner of lot 391, dllegheny National Forest. General Policy beetion
The Tionesta Natural haRnd the Tionesta Scerrfc kea aa described on the attached map has been set aside to osme protection and wise use of the unique values at- in these areas. Polides for conservative development and use are hereby established. Their purpose is to safeguard the scientific research, educational, recreational and inspirational values of the areas for studioua use and enjqmnt of the natural enrironment by the public. To accompuah these purposes an entrance road is provided to the scenic are& Provision for shiple~facilltiea designed to minialze adverse ptlblic use impacts on the
c area and to d tb na%waarea me p&.aposed+ It ia further recognized that activitiea within either area may have an effect upon the other. To prevent adverse inpacts a general plan of development and use of both areas and revisions of the plan wFZl be prepared ad approved in advance by the Mrectar of the Nmthaastern Station and Zhe Regional Forester. responsible for ths
the nstwPl area. Protection of the natural area from fire and from timber trespass will be provided by the Bllegheny National Forest. The Regional Forester will be kept inf
Magemf3nt of the Scenic Area
The Regional Forester is responsible for the development dmhistration and protection of the scenic area. Road, trail, and public use facilities including signs uill be designed to enhance scenic values, permit public use wfth ndnimm adverse impact on the scenic area, To-- the extent practical., public use facilities will be located adjacent to and outside of the- _-designated _ area, The Northeastern Station may be cdled upon for technicdl advice Y necessary and will be kept informed of developmental activities within the scenic area. Publicizing; and reporting on the Areas
Publications of a general public interest nature will be the responsibilit~r of the Regional Forester in collabaration Kith the Director the Northeastern
Station. Scientiiic publications will be the responsibility of the Director in collabaration with the Regional Forester,
Policy and Mstrative guidelines needed to further dmelop, use, protect and perpetug4-a them areas will be jointly approved by the Regional Forester and the Mreetor,
Te-cal and Supporting Data
Technicat ard supporting date af the Scenic Area and the Natural haare included in the appndix. Dn November 23, 193h, the lu'ational Forest Zesenration
Cmssion approved the purchase of the surzace rights on a tract of land on the headwaters of Tionesta Creek from the Central Pennsyl- vania Lumber Company. The purchase was completed Jul3- 23, 1936, ana an area of k,080 acres within the boundaries of the iLllegheny National t Forest h-as acquired (excluding 336 acres not now withir, the tract).
In consequence of the modified order there has since Seen an area of
51 acres added to the tract. This consists of virgin forest land sit.uated in the northeast corner of Lot 391. The total area within the boundaries or' the tract is now li,131 acres.
Original purchase of the tract was advocated by the
Pennsylvaa Forestry Association ami approveci by the National Forest
Reservation Commission after thorough consideration of the scientific and aesthetic value of the Tionesta tract and the need for preservkg the tract; the last remainicg large area of virgin forest in the
Middle Atlantic region.
Location
This virgin timber area is located in Sheffield ma ;iieb.ore
Townships, Warren and McKean Counties, Pennsylvania, within the bouncbxies of the Allegheny National Forest as shown on the attached map. Political subdivisions and the exact location of each unit are shown on the attached base map revised and redrafted from acquisition surveys with the addition of drainage and culture. Tributaries of the
South Branch of Tionesta Creek, a branch of the Allegheny River, drain the tract. tracf of k,12 acres outlined on the base map includes all of I&Qts392, u,u2, a3, u,ii30, 431, 1132 1133; portions of Lots 372, 373, 391, 393, W5, 3759, 2b55 and 2L53. an area of 336 acres in parts of Lots 372,373, 393, which was cut over in 193, completes the total area in the original purchase. However, the latter acreage is not included witbin the natural. and scenic area.
The tract is in one contiguous block surrounded by government-omed land with the exception of privately owned land in Lots 390 and US, and part of Warrant 3759 on the east.
Physical Conditions
The tract lies on the Allegheny plateau within the beech, birch, maple, hemlock forest type at elevations ranging fron 1,500 feet in the stream valleys to 1,980 feet above sea level on the ridges or plateau. The topographic xap shows it to consist of steep sided, narrow lower stream valleys cut into a plateau with relatively shallow dissection at the heads of drainages.
Forest Gescription and Timber Volumes
A cruise of the tract at the time of the initial acquisition in 1932 indicated the following volume of merchantable hemluck aid
Average Stand per Total Stand* Specf es acre, B. F. N R., B. M.
Eastern Redock 3eech Sugar Maple Yellow and Sweet airch Black Cherry Eiea i7Jiaple %!kite Ash Yellow Poplar, Basswood Val-e estiarates are not available for the 51 acre tract in
Lot 391 Khicb is being added to the natural and scenic area, &en if these eathates were available it would not be significant to add up to date cruise estimates to thber estimates dating back to 1yp.
General knowledge of the area indicates there has been a si@ficant loss in old growth hemlock particularly, whicn has not been repizced by additions of second growth reaching merchmtable sizes, 30 estirrates of net losses due to wind ana other mortality are available.
Qespite losses in hemlcck, this species remains the most important, both in number of stems and volume, although relative per- centages have certainly declined materially. since the time of the initidl cruise, Beech remains second in importance and is the chief understory species, reproducing both by seedings and root suckers to hold its own wit?! the longer lived hemlock. The inblerant black cherry, yellow poplar, basswood and white ash owe their presence chiefly to local catastrophes such as uindthirow, insects, drought, etc., which have ope- up the dominant hemlock-beech canopy in the past and allowed reproduction of these rapid-growing species to becane dominant.
While there are no recent burns and no barren, brush, grass or cultivated areas on the tract, it is worthy of note that a severe wid- th~,followed by fire, occurred about 1675 on the ridge bet&-een
Cherry Run and the heads of 3ock riun and the west branch of for^ Sun.
About 375 acres have reproauced to a stand of merchantable second growth hardwood, chiefly red maple, black cherry, yellow birch, sugar maple and beech, with occasional scarred veterans which survived the wind and fire buC have now practically aisappeared from the stand, ly 3700 acres of the tract is forested with
virgin timber. Studies by the We&eny r'orest meriment Station show that hemlock on well watered stream bottom sites is represented in age ,--asses fmm a feu trees over 500 years of age to young reproduction a year or two old. Xature henlock contain five or six 16 foot logs of vnich one or two are surface clear; according to the acquisition examination the average log run is six
16 foot logs per thousana boam iset. i'he sugar maple aa black ccerry are of forest grown form and so are of. excellent qudlity, while the beech and other species are o:' Air qmiLity.
.Any description of 5ne wdsting stand is not complete without reference to the marked inpact *ich a deer herd out of balance uith the fooa supply is having on this area. Over most of the tract, hemlock in seedling and sapling sizes is r.ct adequately represented to rriain~ain the composition which is now found in the overstory. The effect of the deer browsing will inevitably show itself in the composition of Lke future stand in the tract. 5ertaird.j- it was well that at the tine of establishment the tract gas not closed to huntinz. Had this occurred, the above described situation vodd have been far more serious even than it is today.
.. Present Occupancy, ..esiaence and mrovements
i There are no pemment resiaences on &he tract. i.ne feu buildings shown on the map are old sup shanties which are racidly falling into disuse with a reauction in the oil potential of the sub- surface. The tract is not acaptec to settlement for any purpose.
However, probablr of more serious concern is the continued use ..-rich is area in comecticn with the exercise of the subsurface
authority to do so, lease holders are travelling into and out of both the natural and scenic areas in motor vehicles as a comon practice, In the face oi these acti~ties,it is difficult to maintain the fiction of noa4stwbance and also to prevent sbiilar use by others who travel the rutted roads in jeeps and other vehicles for purposes of hunting or other recreation.
Present Transportation Facilities
The general locality of the tract may be reached by automobile over Forest SerTdce Truck Trail No, 33 extending southward from the town of L~owand thence to the west through the small cornunity of JoJo to
Kane, This road is being reconstructed and graveled to acceptable standards in 1957. The tract itself may be readily reached by a foot trail from the loop road which extends from Truck Trail No. 33, Fire Control Situation
In the present stage of use and the condition of the timber type excessive fire hazards and risks do not presently exist. However, with continuing increase in use which is anticipated for the area, aztentim to fire prevention and increaseci fire suppression activities will be needed, The tract is within a short distance of the Sheffield Fire
'Power ePd is for the most part within the seen area from that tower. thr puroha8* of tb mrhw ri-8 am a -41 at
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oearri Iri%hib. prs6up~lc1tiam a. M -f,a af VP+- atm. &f.ar;bf *, irr..p.otlr, of their aflflir*fanr, Riu b. ew- omwaged b tan the mu, djwt rush rs88t.ia.tiium ar, tha m~w k ~fsguudLhr W~&U+Skrro&w rrnd ww
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Zkrau* Stud of Ifdacrk ia, Fork &me Iatd Arsr CHECK SHEET (Mark VII) FOR SURVEY OF IBP AREAS* To be ccmplcted with reference to the GUIDE TO THE CHECK SHEET
For Data Centre Use I only
3 Check Sheet completed (a) on site ...... ( b ) from records ...... 's 4. Date Check Sheet completed ...... 5 1/4/67
-- -* 2. Name of ISP Subdivision (or serial letter) ...... / 3. Map of IBP Area* showing boundaries attached? Yes ...! ..... No ...... 1 I. Sketch map of IBP Area*. Please mark direction of north, th. scale artd grid nuinbers where , . zpy Iicable. I
* For " IBP Area ", read lBP Arca and/~rIBP Subdivision. I , I - 7 ")$5'. -5- 7 I. Latitude ...*...... ,.*~ttr ...... 3 N Longitude ...... [" b,. 2, Country ...... s, ...... - ...... !7t-',[.IS yh0414;a State or Province ...... Counq ...... EfC Iqftq e7
I ' .t (State or Province ...... ,....., ...... County ...... \ 4.' 4 r-k'f 1-7 1 . -f 1. * Sf/-?,,,! r,':L$w-+p C?,&b\ p<* J4e ~8.fQ i
Administration
,/',,'A, -/[[ fye /, F-EL*C National 1. Official category ......
,~,/~,.f/,<~5{~,-,, r~/.-p~f/~yi~~~~;~~c-*~ .:fc/;r. 2. Address of administration ...... # ...... r- ...... &'* .5* /?.,/q. /-rr c-si > .IVL ;cc ...... / 6 /L/ y r L s firfc-f ...... c ' I../..:.*3 9 ')) ...... n, ,..: ...... PC< /
International Class
3. Included in Rejected from Area with formal . Noformai U.N. List U.N. List - conservation status cons. status 1 (A) (B) (C) 8' (Dl
Characteristics of IBP Area* 2. 1!,3 riC/'FS 1. Surface area (state units of measurement) ...... - ,t; 55.4 1 -e- -TrekGt ,f?~> 2. Altitude (state units of measurement) Maximum...... : ...... - ~t-rf Minimum ......
Nearest climatological station :
1. Name ...... KnLItz /-'Q, .'.... ,...... 2. Climatologicat station on IBP Area*? Yes ...... No ...... L '
6. r., I/FI 3. If (2) not; distance from edge of IBP Area* (state units) ......
p fll E ..... 4. Direction from IBP Area* ...... LC..... /' 5.. Additional data sheet attached? Yes ...... No ..."......
J [f ( iT,!rq 0 PI * C/;l.i,7ff-c flf-flt~ -- P ,f C /( , /I"/ ( , jhL-~ t- !-';. .I, 5,yl~?d. I cc - -/ort i/hi& i-**.,I L- 9 ii(F,* *;,-, L!;.', Other notes 1. General Landscape (give, brief description) ,...... 2, Relief Type Flat Undulating Hilly Mountainous % (0)-200m. , 200-1000m. > 1000 m. Sharply dissected Gent1y dissected Incised Sketetonised 3. Special landscape features (list) ...... \ Coastline of IBP Area* /L~C?J~C 1. Protected bays and/or inlets Many Few None 2. Substratum. % of coast Rock Boulder Shingle Sand Shell Mud Coral Ice Beach Beach Beach Beach 3. Pttysiography. % of coast Cliffed Sloping Flat 4. Special Coastal Features (list) ...... ...... r...... r..*...... ,...... *...... *.*.....*...... *...... *.....*...... ~...... **.. 5. Tide. Maximum range (state units of measurement) ...... 6. Total length of coastiine : Less than 1 km. 1-10 km. Above 10 km. Freshwater within IBP Area* 1 Permanent ' Intermittent I Genera t Standing I Running I /'? Q t-l 7 I ILL C! r~y1 2. Standing Water I Permanent Intermittent Unproductive Productive Swamps - Ponds Lakes 3. Running Water Permanent Intermittent Springs, cold Springs, hot Streams , Rivers 4. Special freshwater features ...... fljp ...... : n c- ...... Salt and Brackish Water within IBP Area* n/' r 1.1 E. Satt takes Lagoon Estuaries Salt pools Adjacent Water Bodies (not within IBP Area*) f/r n e 1. Fresh Lake River Stream U 2, Salt and Brackish r Estuary Salt lake Salt pool Lagoon Ocean I f Pisces lnsecta . Lichens and Algae t Selective flora dis Removal of predators Pesticides lntroductions - plants Introductions - animals Far big! Centre Utg only Conservation Status 1. List major biological/geographical references for the IBP Area. . L. Sheet attached? Yes ...... No ...... 2. List main maps available for the IBP Area. List attached? Yes ...... No ...... L 3. Aerial photographs for the IBP Area available? , For whole area ...... t For part of area ...... None ...... Signed , , ...... 3 ** TIONESTA NATURAL AND S'CENiC AREAS ALLEGHENY NATIONAL FOREST PENNSYLVANIA 1940 SCALE . 0 '/4 vz v4 1MtLE ------*- Lot Line -Proposed Entrance Road Government Owned Land -- Finished Road -Boundary of Natural and Scenic Areos ===== Oil Lease or Old Windthrow Logging Roads [EjYoung Growth -Transmission Line 1-1 1-1 Virgin Timber (within boundoryl "++- Pipe Line -Abandoned Logging R.R. 'A ON THE TIONESTA SCENIC AM) NA'L,,,$L S Ifough, A* P. 1933. Vrrgin forest in Pennsylvania yields research.results. , Forest Worker 9(2):11. Cope, Theodora M., and Hawkins, Arthur S, 1934. -A preliminary survey of the flora and fauna of the East Tionesta virgin £ores5 Pennsylvania (pa.) Forest Leaves 24(2-4):23-27. Cope, Theodora Morris 1936. Observations on the vertebrate ecology of some Pennsylvania virgin forests. Thesis for Ph.D. at Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Wo*lgh, A. F. 1936. The dying of hemlock and other species on the Allegheny National Forest. U. S. Forest Serv. Allegheny Forest Exp. Sta. Tech. Note 9, 2pp. Hough, A. F. 1936. A climax forest community on East Tionesta Creek in northwestern Pennsylvania. Ecology 179-28. Hsugh, A. F. , 1936. Height growth of hemlock and hardwood seedlings in a virgin stand on East Tionesta Creek. U. S. Forest Serv. Allegheny Forest Exp. Sta. Tech. Note 12, 2 pp. Hough, A. F. 1940. Tionesta-Forest formally set aside. Am. Forests 46:565. Hough, A. F. 1941. Natural area established in northwestern Pennsylvania virgin forest . Ecology 22 :85-86. Hough, A. F. 1942. Soils in a virgin hemlock-beech forest on the northern Allegheny Plateau. Soil Science 54:335-341. Hough, A. F. 1943. Soil factors and stand history in a virgin forest valley on the northern Allegheny Plateau. Soil Sci, 56:19-28. Hough, A. P., and Forbes, R. D. 1943. The ecology and silvfcs of forests in the high plateaus of Pennsylvania. Ecological Monographs 13:299-320. Meyer, H, Arthur 1943, The structure and grmth of virgin beech-birch-maple-hemlock forests in northern Pennsylvania, J, Agric, Res, 67: , 465-484, illus. U,S,D,A., Forest Service 1956, -The Tionesta Natural and Scenic Areas in the Allegheny National Forest. U.S.D,A. Forest Serv,, 22 pp, Rough, Ashbel F. 1965, A twenty-year record of understory vegetation change in a virgin Pennsylvania forest, Ecology 46:370-373, 16. Significant Human Impact "Other soil disturbancefe--This includes road building and site' clearing for oil drilling and extraction, "Hunting" occurs but has a positive impact. It helps, but does not fully, offset "predator control". 8'~iidrillingn--The beginning date is unknown, but the activity increased about four years ago, "Gas pipelineff--A pipeline, built about 1910 and widened in 1947, crosses the area. Replacement or enlargement of the line is always a threat, "Recreation and tourismu--There is some recreational travel by four-wheel drive vehicles and motor bikes, but this is a result of oil extraction roads and pipelines. More effort is being made .to stop it, I NATURAL AREA INFOIPbfiTION FORM 1. t3 of Natural Area Tionesta Natural Area r: " I 2. Administering Agency U. S. Forest Service !/ 31 / 21 [*%,- I ? 3, Supervising Field Unit Allegheny National Forest 4. State and County Pennsylvania, McKean County 5, Latitude and Longitude \&is information will not be to the general public) 6. Primary type on areas SAF-23, 2,113 Acres r 7. Other important types represented on area: t+?+.. L' A- .,,;; Cre. Geologic - Lomp'ex of shale and sandstone,-- strata of Mis sissippi and Pennsylvania age s; non-glacial;L 7d. Aquatic :L/2-- .dh T, >e.,Z?i., ; ,(,+ut.,.-t!L* . p'{ I I ,' ,'! \ L 8. Acreage 2,113 Ac~es 9. Elevationand Topography Max. 1,980'; Min. 1,550'; Steep sided, % narrow lower stream valleys cut into plateau with shallow a;.r * -- diss-ection at the heads of drainage and broad flat rid,cres. 10. . F& infarmatxon contact: Director + NE FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION This form should be filled out i;; accordance with the instructions on the accompanying inforilration sheet.