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Dhaulpur District Dhaulpur District ` Hydrogeological Atlas of Rajasthan Dhaulpur District Contents: List of Plates Title Page No. Plate I Administrative Map 2 Plate II Topography 4 Plate III Rainfall Distribution 4 Plate IV Geological Map 6 Plate V Geomorphological Map 6 Plate VI Aquifer Map 8 Plate VII Stage of Ground Water Development (Block wise) 2011 8 Location of Exploratory and Ground Water Monitoring Plate VIII 10 Stations Depth to Water Level Plate IX 10 (Pre-Monsoon 2010) Water Table Elevation Plate X 12 (Pre-Monsoon 2010) Water Level Fluctuation Plate XI 12 (Pre-Post Monsoon 2010) Electrical Conductivity Distribution Plate XII 14 (Average Pre-Monsoon 2005-09) Chloride Distribution Plate XIII 14 (Average Pre-Monsoon 2005-09) Fluoride Distribution Plate XIV 16 (Average Pre-Monsoon 2005-09) Nitrate Distribution Plate XV 16 (Average Pre-Monsoon 2005-09) Plate XVI Depth to Bedrock 18 Plate XVII Map of Unconfined Aquifer 18 Glossary of terms 19 2013 ADMINISTRATIVE SETUP DISTRICT – DHAULPUR Location: Dhaulpur district is located in the eastern part of Rajasthan. It is bounded in the north by state of Uttar Pradesh, east to south by state of Madhya Pradesh and in the west by Karauli and Bharatpur districts. It stretches between 26⁰ 20' 21.53” to 26⁰ 58' 01.23” north latitude and 77⁰ 13' 29.68’’ to 78⁰ 16' 27.33’’ east longitude covering area of 3,040.3 sq km. The district is drained three almost parallel aligned drainage basins, ‘Parbati River Basin’ in the centre whereas the Gambir River and Chambal RIver drain in the northwestern and southeastern part respectively. Administrative Set-up: Dhaulpur district is administratively divided into four blocks. The following table summarizes the basic statistics of the district at block level. Population Area % of District Total Number of S. No. Block Name (Based on 2001 census) (sq km) Area Towns and Villages 1 Bari 2,01,069 789.0 26.0 172 2 Baseri 2,01,777 1,009.3 33.0 196 3 Dhaulpur 3,54,764 597.7 20.0 233 4 Rajakhera 2,20,161 644.3 21.0 204 Total 9,77,771 3,040.3 100.0 805 Dhaulpur district has 805 towns and villages, of which four are block headquarters as well. Climate: Climate of the district can broadly be classified as semi-arid type. The hottest months are May and June, when the day temperatures soar to a maximum of 49-50⁰C. Temperatures in summers are normally higher than 40⁰C. Winters are also very cold especially in the months of December and January where temperatures sometimes reach near 0⁰C or below the sub-zero level. The lowest recorded temperature is -4.3⁰C on January 29th, 1990. Monsoon season is marked by high humidity in the months of July to September and the area receives relatively low rainfall as the mean annual rainfall of the district is 669.9mm. The months of September and October are pleasant and mark transition to winters. 1 2 TOPOGRAPHY DISTRICT – DHAULPUR The district comprises of riverine plains and ravines in eastern part and sandstone plateau in the southwestern part. The central part of the district is undulatingIn the eastern part alluvial plains form low land areas of the district in Rajakhera block with elevation range 111.2 to 184.4m above mean sea level. The drainage system of the district is well developed and is systematically drained by Chambal, Gambhir and Parbati rivers and their various tributaries. Dhaulpur district falls under Chambal, Gambhir and Parbati River Basin. The general topographic elevation in the district is between 150 m to 200 m above mean sea level in most of the blocks. Elevation ranges from a minimum of 111.2 m above mean sea level in Rajakhera block in the NE part of the district and maximum of 340.9 m above mean sea level in Baseri in SW part of the district. Table: Block wise minimum and maximum elevation Min. Elevation Max. Elevation S. No. Block Name (m amsl) (m amsl) 1 Bari 119.0 324.4 2 Baseri 129.6 340.9 3 Dhaulpur 114.7 278.1 4 Rajakhera 111.2 184.4 RAINFALL The general distribution of total annual rainfall across the district can be visualized from isohyets presented in the Plate – III where rainfall is seen gradually increasing from west to east. The maximum part in East, district received 800 to 900 mm rainfall, whereas southwest part received in range 600-700 mm. The annual average rainfall in the year 2010 was thus 794.7 mm based on the data of available blocks while maximum average annual rainfall of 892.8 mm in Dhaulpur block. The lowest of minimum annual rainfall was recorded in Baseri block (571.2 mm). Dhaulpur block received highest annual rainfall of about 973.7 mm. Table: Block wise annual rainfall statistics (derived from year 2010 meteorological station data) Minimum Annual Maximum Annual Average Annual Block Name Rainfall (mm) Rainfall (mm) Rainfall (mm) Bari 595.8 879.5 748.6 Baseri 571.2 816.9 661.2 Dhaulpur 791.2 973.7 892.8 Rajakhera 797.5 963.8 876.3 3 4 GEOLOGY DISTRICT – DHAULPUR Vindhyans are predominant all over the district below thin cover of Quaternary alluvium and these are the only two broad lithologic groups that are present in the Dhaulpur district. The hardrock in the entire district comprises the rocks of Bhander Group of Vindhayan Super Group, which consist Sandstone, Shale and Limestone whereas the alluvium is mostly of fluvial origin sand, clay etc. Super Group Group Formation Quarternary Soil and Alluvium ----X--------X--------X--------X---Unconformity---X--------X---- Upper Bhander Sandstone Vindhyan Bhander Sirbu Shale Bhander Limestone GEOMORPHOLOGY Table: Geomorphologic units, their description and distribution Origin Landform Unit Description Buried Pediment Pediment covers essentially with relatively thicker alluvial, colluvial or weathered materials. Denudational Broad gently sloping rock flooring, erosional surface of low relief between hill and plain, comprised of varied lithology, Pediment criss-crossed by fractures and faults. Mainly undulating landscape formed due to fluvial activity, comprising of gravels, sand, silt and clay. Terrain mainly Alluvial Plain undulating, produced by extensive deposition of alluvium. The surface or strip of relatively smooth land adjacent to a river channel formed by river and covered with water when Flood Plain river over flows its bank. Normally subject to periodic flooding. Fluvial Paleochannel Mainly buried on abandoned stream/river courses, comprising of coarse textured material of variable sizes. Formed by fluvial activity, usually at lower topographic locations, comprising of boulders, cobbles, pebbles, gravels, Valley Fill sand, silt and clay. The unit has consolidated sediment deposits. Ravine Small, narrow, deep, depression, smaller than gorges, larger than gulley, usually carved by running water. Dissected Plateau Plateau, criss-crossed by fractures forming deep valleys. Structural Formed over varying lithology with extensive, flat, landscapes, bordered by escarpment on all sides. Essentially formed Plateau horizontally layered rocky marked by extensive flat top and steep slopes. It may be criss crossed by lineament. Denudational, Steep sided, relict hills undergone denudation, comprising of varying lithology with joints, fractures and lineaments. Hills Structural Hill, Linear Linear to arcuate hills showing definite trend-lines with varying lithology associated with folding, faulting etc. Ridge Long narrow low-lying ridge usually barren, having high run off may form over varying lithology with controlled strike. 5 6 AQUIFERS DISTRICT – DHAULPUR Aquifers in Dhaulpur district are principally formed in either sandstones belonging to Vindhyan Super Group or in Older Alluvium of Quaternary period. Primary and secondary openings in sandstones contribute to formation of very good aquifers and these occupy about 56% of district. The sandy material in alluvium among clay and kankar forms about 44% of the district aquifers. Table: Aquifer potential zones their area and their description Aquifer in Potential Area % age of Description of the unit/Occurrence Zone (sq km) district This litho unit comprises of mixture of heterogeneous fine to Older Alluvium 1,350.2 44.4 medium grained sand, silt and kankar. Sandstone 1,690.1 55.6 Fine to medium grained, red colour and compact and at places. Total 3,040.3 100.0 STAGE OF GROUND WATER DEVELOPMENT Based on the assessment of stage of ground water development of dynamic ground water resources in the district, it is concluded that the Bari block falls within the ‘Critical’ category where the ground water development is nearly 100% leaving no further scope of further development. Whereas the other three blocks in the district fall under ‘Over Exploited’ category where steps must be taken to reduce dependence on ground water as the extraction is exceeding annual recharge and the static resource of ground water is being withdrawn now that may lead to further stress on ground water situation. Categorization on the basis of Block Name stage of development of ground water Critical Bari Over Exploited Baseri, Rajakhera, Dhaulpur Basis for categorization: Ground water development <=100% - Critical and >100% - Over-Exploited. 7 8 LOCATION OF EXPLORATORY AND GROUND WATER MONITORING WELLS DISTRICT – DHAULPUR Dhaulpur district has a well distributed network of exploratory wells (55) and ground water monitoring stations (132) in the district owned by RGWD (43 and 114 respectively) and CGWB (12 and 18 respectively). The exploratory wells have formed the basis for delineation of subsurface aquifer distribution scenario in three dimensions. Benchmarking and optimization studies suggest that ground water level is being sufficiently monitored but for effectively monitoring the water quality in all the four blocks,63 additional wells must be added to the network. Table: Block wise count of wells (existing and recommended) Ground Water Recommended additional wells for Exploratory Wells Block Name Monitoring Stations optimization of monitoring network CGWB RGWD Total CGWB RGWD Total Water Level Water Quality Bari - 12 12 2 32 34 - 13 Baseri - 6 6 3 34 37 - 11 Dhaulpur 9 10 19 8 26 34 - 17 Rajakhera 3 15 18 5 22 27 - 22 Total 12 43 55 18 114 132 - 63 DEPTH TO WATER LEVEL (PRE MONSOON – 2010) 10m interval has been adopted to depict the depth to ground water levels in Dhaulpur district as shown in Plate – IX.
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