90 Years of the Polish Anthropological Society and Anthropological Review: a Success Story

Maria Kaczmarek

Polish Anthropological Society and Anthropological Review

Anthropological Review • Vol. 79 (2), 97–113 (2016)

90 years of the Polish Anthropological Society and Anthropological Review: a success story

Maria Kaczmarek1,2

1Polish Anthropological Society

2Department of Human Biological Development, Institute of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poland

Foundation of the Polish Studies, Mathematics, and Life Sciences Anthropological Society and Forestry (www.amu.edu.pl). at the University of Poznań The following years saw a rapid development of the University, foundation The history of the Polish Anthropolog- of new faculties and recruitment of dis- ical Society (PTA)1 has been associated tinguished scientists and scholars who with the University of Poznań, an aca- raised its prestige. A department of an- demic institution founded in 1919, when thropology was then established to con- Poland gained independence after a long duct studies in biology. An offer to head period of foreign subordination. The the department was given to Prof. Jan first official opening of an academic year Czekanowski, the most distinguished presided by the rector, Prof. Heliodor Polish anthropologist of that time. But Święcicki, elected from among profes- he declined as he had just set up a de- sors of a multi-course Faculty of Phi- partment of anthropology in Lviv and losophy, was held on 7 May 1919. The did not want to leave that establishment. University began providing courses in Therefore, Prof. Jan Gabriel Grochma- Law and Economics, Medicine, Human licki, a zoologist, was appointed curator and held the post until the academic year 1935/1936 (Malinowski 2008). Among professors invited by rector 1 The abbreviation PTA will be used throughout the entire paper as a name for the Polish An- Heliodor Święcicki was Adam Wrzosek, thropological Society. a pathologist, historian of medicine,

Fig. 1. The so-called Święcicki Bench, a monument situated in front of Collegium Minus commem- orating Professor Heliodor Święcicki, the first rector of Poznań University. Photo Author. and anthropologist who agreed to leave Warsaw and move to Poznań. In his ap- pointment decree, he reserved the right to organise an Anthropology Unit and Fig. 2. Professor Adam Wrzosek founder of the Polish Anthropological Society. Source http:// arranged for anthropology to be obliga- www.google.pl. torily taught to students of medicine. In 1920, on the initiative of Prof. Wrzosek, tion of the Polish Anthropological Socie- founder and first dean of the Faculty of ty. The founding meeting took place on Medicine, an Anthropology Unit was 12 November 1925 attended by Michał established under that Faculty. First lec- Ćwirko-Godycki, Maria Grossmannów- tures in anthropology were given in the na, Anna Gruszecka, Prof. Ignacy Hoff- academic year 1921/1922 for all students man, Prof. Wincenty Jezierski, Prof. of medicine, and the Anthropology Unit, Witold Kapuściński, Prof. Adam Kar- apart from its teaching activities, became wowski, Bohdan Lipiński, Romuald Ma- a centre of extensive scientific studies in tuszewski, student of Medicine Józef Me- the area of developmental and medical dem, Włodzimierz Missiuro, Prof. Leon anthropology2. Padlewski, Prof. Romuald Wierzbicki Prof. Wrzosek, following the example and Prof. Adam Wodziczko. Additionally, of Anthropological Commission found- before the founding meeting was held, ed in 1873 at the Krakow Academy of the following professors of the Universi- Learning and the Paris-based Polish An- ty of Poznań, who could not attend the thropological and Ethnographical Society meeting, declared their membership: established in 1878 initiated the founda- Prof. Stefan Błachowski, Prof. Antoni Jakubski, Prof. Józef Kostrzewski and 2 For more details on Prof. Wrzosek’s scientific Prof. Stanisław Runge3. The participants achievements, please see the article by Andrzej Malinowski in the series Profiles of Distin- guished Academics “Adam Jan Wrzosek (1875– 3 See Foundation of the Polish Anthropological 1965)” PTA Bulletin no. 14, 2014, pp. 9–17. Ac- Society published in Przegląd Antropologiczny cess: www.ptantropologiczne.pl tab Biuletyny. 1926, 1(1), 50–1. Polish Anthropological Society and Anthropological Review 99

Fig. 3. The first Management Board of the Polish Anthropological Society elected in 1925 for a period of three years. Designed by Author. adopted a statute inspired by the stat- 1926). That aim has been pursued from ute of the Polish Prehistoric Society and the very beginning of the Society’s activi- elected a Management Board for a period ty up to present. The new revision of the of three years. The Board consisted of the statute describes that aim in more detail: following members: Prof. Adam Wrzosek “The primary objective of the Polish An- as president, Prof. Adam Wodziczko as thropological Society, as it continues the deputy president, Włodzimierz Missiuro progressive traditions of the Polish sci- as secretary and treasurer, and Dr. Michał entific and scholarly thought, is -to dis Ćwirko-Godycki as deputy secretary and seminate knowledge of anthropology” treasurer. The members also decided for (Wrzosek 1926). Przegląd Antropologiczny to be an official The mission has been fulfilled by scientific journal of the Polish Anthropo- holding symposia and conferences; co logical Society with Prof. Wrzosek as its operation with scientific and research in- first editor-in-chief (Anthropological Re- stitutions, universities and other scientif- view 1926; Malinowski 2008, 2014). ic societies both from Poland and abroad; The first statute of the Polish Anthro- keeping and providing access to library pological Society read as follows: “The resources; publishing activity; conduct- aim of the Society is to contribute to the ing research and supporting the Society’s development of anthropology” (Wrzosek members in their research work; raising 100 Maria Kaczmarek public awareness of scientific achieve- discussion panels; as well as activities ments and disseminating knowledge by aimed to reinforce the community ties informing scientific community of and in- and building scientific partnership and viting them to conferences, symposia and friendship between the Society members.

Past developments and present status of the Polish Anthropological Society

In the following years, the PTA membership systematically increased as the So- ciety was joined by almost all Polish anthropologists, as well as representatives of related disciplines and individuals interested in anthropology. In 1928, PTA had 51 members. In 1931 the number almost tripled to reach 131. The PTA activities were interrupted by the World War Two and resumed after the war was over. In 1948, the PTA membership was 73, in 1976, 214, and in 2003, 280 (Malinowski 1986, Kornafel 2004, Krenz-Niedbała and Nowak 2005). As the number of members increased, PTA affiliated branched were established at academic institutions. Throughout its history, PTA branches have operated in Białymstok, Gdańsk, Krakow including Kiele, Lublin, Łódź, Opole including Częstochowa, Poznań, Szczecin, Toruń, Warsaw and Wrocław (Kornafel 2004). Nowadays, the PTA consists of 284 members in ten branches. Bydgoszcz, Gdańsk, Kielce, Kraków, Łódź, Po- znań, Rzeszów, Szczecin, Warszawa and Wrocław4. The Society governing bodies include: General Assembly, Main Board (executive authority) and Audit Commission5. The

4 For details regarding particular branches and their statutory authorities, see PTA website, Fig. 4. First statute of the Polish Anthropological tab Oddziały http://www.ptantropologiczne.pl. Association published in the first issue of Prze- 5 See PTA Statute available at the PTA website: gląd Antropologiczny in 1926. http://www.ptantropologiczne.pl. Polish Anthropological Society and Anthropological Review 101

Fig. 5. Polish Anthropological Society: network of branches across Poland in 2015. Designed by Author.

Main Board is presided by the President. After the Polish Academy of Scienc- That position was held consecutively by: es (PAN) was established in 1951, one Prof. Adam Wrzosek (1925–1952), Prof. of its first scientific committees – PAN Jan Mydlarski (1952–1956), Prof. Tade- Committee of Anthropology – emerged usz Dzierżykray-Rogalski (1956–1984), from the PTA (Malinowski and Wolański Prof. Andrzej Malinowski (1984–1987), 1985). The Polish Anthropological Soci- Prof. Paweł Bergman (1987–1999), Prof. ety cooperates with the PAN Committee Danuta Kornafel (1999–2007), Prof. Ma- of Anthropology, including in consulting ria Kaczmarek (2007–2015). The current issues of relevance for anthropologists President, Prof. Krzysztof Szostek was and their field of study. elected for the period 2016–2019. Jubilee congresses held to commem- Up to 1952, the PTA was seated in orate the Society’s important anniversa- Poznań only. In the following years, the ries marked the milestones of the PTA’s seat changed with the location of the history. In November 1956, the Jubilee Main Board. In 1952–1956 the Society Polish Anthropology 100th Anniversary was based in Wrocław, in 1956–1963, Congress took place in Krakow to cele- Białystok, and in 1963–2000, Warsaw. brate the 100th anniversary of the first Then Wrocław again in 2000–2007. Since lectures in anthropology given at the Jag- 2007, the PTA Main Board has been seat- iellonian University by Prof. Józef Majer. ed at the Adam Mickiewicz University in In 1975, Poznań hosted an event to hon- Poznań. our the 50th anniversary of the PTA and 102 Maria Kaczmarek

Fig. 6. Presidents of the Polish Anthropological Society. Designed by Author.

100th birthday of its founder Prof. Adam Each of the jubilee congresses offered Wrzosek. On that occasion, the PTA was opportunities to assess the state of de- awarded the Medal of the National Edu- velopment of Polish anthropology and its cation Commission. In 2005, during the contribution to the world’s science. The 40th PTA conference organised by the 45th congress in 2015 was particularly Poznań Branch of the PTA, a commem- relevant for that assessment as it sum- orative session was held to celebrate the marized 90 years of the Society’s activity. 80th century of the PTA (Krenz-Niedbała At present, the Polish Anthropolog- and Nowak 2005). ical Society is a multidisciplinary asso- A decade later, on the 90th anniver- ciation of scientists, PhD students, and sary of the PTA’s foundation, the 45th students interested in various aspects of jubilee conference was held under the studies of human being, including a large tile Człowiek wobec wyzwań środowiska number of fans from Poland and abroad życia…(Man in the face of environmental following PTA in the social media – Face- challenges)…. The conference took place book and LinkedIn7 Kaczmarek 2013. on 16–19 September 2015 at the Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, the his- cember 2015, pp. 27–28. Access: http:// www. toric cradle of the Society6. ptantropologiczne.pl tab Biuletyny and photos from the event are available at the PTA website and on facebook. 6 A detailed report from the conference was 7 See the new statute of the Polish Anthropolo published in the PTA Bulletin No. 17 from De- gical Society, Section 4 Chapter II Goals of the Polish Anthropological Society and Anthropological Review 103

Fig. 7. Participants of the 45th jubilee conference held on the occasion of 90th anniversary of the Polish Anthropological Society at the Adam Mickiewicz University, Collegium Biologicum, Poznań on 16–19 September 2015. Photo Maciej Męczyński.

PTA has its website that works as of Anthropological and Ethnological a platform to exchange information for Sciences (IUAES), European Anthro- all members and friends of the Society. pological Association (EAA), national The English version of the website ena- anthropological associations from the bles Society’s activities to be propagated Czech Republic, Spain, Germany, Russia, internationally. Slovakia, Slovenia, Hungary and other. The PTA is actively involved in ac- Since the beginning of its activity, tions taken by domestic and internation- PTA has had a record of successful col- al associations. It merged with other Pol- laboration with representatives of phys- ish associations to form the Federation ical culture sciences (Universities of of Polish Scientific Societies in January Physical Education in Gdańsk, Krakow, 2011 and operates in partnership with Poznań, Rzeszów, Warszawa, Wrocław; the following international associations: University of Rzeszów, University of International Association of Human Bi- Zielona Góra), humanities: pedagogy ologists (IAHB), International Union (Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Pedagogical University of Częstocho- wa), archaeology, medical sciences and Society and ways of achieving them. http:// health sciences (Medical Universities in www.ptantropologiczne.pl. The statute was adopted by the General Assembly on 7 Septem- Poznań, Wrocław, Lublin, Jan Kocha- ber 2011. nowski University in Kielce) 104 Maria Kaczmarek

The Society actively supports young atomical, physiological, functional, be- researchers by facilitating their partici- havioural) and life strategies of the hu- pation in conferences, taking honorary man species in the course of its evolution, patronage of conferences held by student i.e. genesis of the human species (phy- anthropological associations and offering logenetic anthropology: paleoanthropol- publication of their study results in An- ogy, anthropogenesis, paleoecology, evo- thropological Review. lutionary psychology); that knowledge, supplemented with comparative studies PTA’s activity for dissemination of humans and other representatives of primates (primatology), serves, among the knowledge of man others, to determine the position of man in the world of living creatures, particu- According to the definition of ‘anthro- larly among mammals, and explains hu- pology’, “the word anthropology comes man behaviours based on evolutionary from Greek anthropos meaning ‘human’ history of the species; (b) variability of and logos meaning ‘word’ or ‘study’. In physical characteristics (anatomical, the meaning of that word, anthropolo- physiological, functional, behavioural) gy is a science that studies humans. Its observed synchronously within the hu- scope of interest is very wide embracing man species, in and between populations the whole of human existence in time living in different geographical areas, i.e. and space from the appearance of hom- issues of human intraspecies variation inids and the Homo sapiens species to the (population anthropology: population current human populations representing genetics, demography, ecology, reproduc- a variety of social systems and cultural tive ecology); that knowledge serves to patterns. Anthropology investigates hu- determine biological differences between man beings in terms of evolution, biol- populations and inter-gender variation ogy, sociology and politics, economics, (e.g. sexual dimorphism), (c) individual culture and psychology. Handling such variation that occurs within individuals’ a wide scope of issues can only be pos- lifespan and related to their life histories sible by using an all-encompassing, ho- (ontogenetic anthropology: auxology, listic approach to phenomena related morphology, physiology, gerontology) to the human being as proposed by the (Kaczmarek 2012, 2013). methodology of anthropological stud- Conducting scientific research and ies. Anthropology may therefore be said publishing their results in Polish and to be a discipline that studies various international journals, including in Prze- aspects of humankind in order to learn gląd Antropologiczny (now published in and explain its essence, and the holistic English as Anthropological Review), is one approach and interdisciplinary nature of of the basic means of disseminating the the studies are features that distinguish achievements of anthropology. it from other sciences of man” (Kacz- Polish Anthropological Society is ac- marek 2012:941). tively involved in a variety of research The wide scope of the subject matter projects. One of the first was the -exca for experimental physical (biological) vation project on the Ostrów Lednicki anthropology includes the following: (a) island, which – as Andrzej Malinowski variability of physical characteristics (an- wrote – “is a place of fundamental impor- Polish Anthropological Society and Anthropological Review 105 tance for the study of the beginnings of Missing Persons in Bosnia and Herzego- the Polish State, and the skeletons of the vina. PTA members participate in identi- early Piast population represent one of fications of slaughter victims in Eastern Poland’s most valuable skeleton collec- Europe (Kornafel 2004). tions.” (Malinowski 2008:34). In 1932– The principal form of PTA’s activity is 1935, Adam Wrzosek together with scientific meetings and seminars held by Michał Ćwirko-Godycki and Zbigniew particular branches and regular national Zakrzewski were carrying out anthropo- conferences organised by members of logical studies on Ostrów Lednicki. As a specific branch. Indeed, the Society is Andrzej Malinowski wrote (2008), the based on the work of its members. studies resulted in a collection of 1576 From the foundation of the PTA until skeletons. After the war, already in 1949, the outbreak of the Second World War, the excavation works were resumed lead- the Society’s activities, according to the ing to a regular enlargement of the skel- statute, focused on organising scientific eton collection. In 1996, the collection meetings, usually combined with annual consisted as many as 2370 skeletons. general assemblies, and supporting the Another nation-wide project joined publication of Przegląd Antropologiczny. by the PTA consisted in anthropological Agendas of general assemblies, atten measurements of the Polish population ded by 45 members on average, included performed in 1955–1957 for the purpose papers and reports from anthropological of industrial products standardisation. congresses and conferences. The first In 1958–1959 and 1962, the PTA and general assembly took part on 12 Feb- the Egyptian Academy of Science organ- ruary 1927. A report for 1926 was sub- ised two scientific expeditions to Egypt. mitted and two papers presented: Rasowe Owing to the initiative of two PTA podstawy eugeniki (Racial Foundations of members, Prof. Tadeusz Bielicki and Eugenics) by Karol Stojanowski and Krót- Prof. Tadeusz Krupiński, the Museum ka wiadomość o szczątkach Chrobrego (Short of Man, affiliated to the University of Report on Remains of Chrobry) by Adam Wrocław, was founded in 2001. The rich Wrzosek (Malinowski 1986). collections of the Museum are used for In September 1933, on the initiative purposes of scientific research. As an of the Management Board, the first con- important part of its activity, the Muse- gress of Polish anthropologists was held um provides teaching programs with the in Poznań as part of the 14th Congress of Museum staff offering optional classes to Polish Physicians and Naturalists. students of various levels on the life of The last PTA general meeting before man in the past, burial habits in ancient the Second World War took part on 19 Egypt, or issues of modern societies such April 1939. The report from that meet- as obesity and human health (Kornafel ing made no reference to racism nor did 2004). make any mention of the threat of war. PTA members take part in works of Thirteen general meetings were held be- international commissions investigating fore the Second World War with 41 pa- crimes against humanity. In this regard, pers presented, mainly from the areas of a great credit must be given to Ewa Klo- ontogenetic, pedagogical, psychological, nowski, a forensic anthropologist work- physiological and historical anthropolo- ing for the International Commission on gy, as well as odontology, bone and mus- 106 Maria Kaczmarek

Fig. 8. Posters advertising the PTAnthropological Spring workshops. cle morphology and African studies (Ma- –– 1994 Man – Nature – Culture, Kraków linowski 1986). –– 1995 Man – creature unknown? In 1984, a resolution was adopted Kiekrz near Poznań providing for the organisation of annual –– 1996 Man yesterday, today, tomor- national scientific conferences. The first row, Lublin of them took part in Błażejewko near –– 1997 Where do we come from, who Poznań in 1985. That resolution was lat- we are, where are going to, Polanica er amended due to financial difficulties Zdrój and a large number of various confer- –– 1999 Anthropology at the end of cen- ences in Poland and abroad. Since 2001, tury, Rynia near Warsaw those conferences are held biannually –– 2001 Man – between biology and cul- alternately with conferences of the Eu- ture, Toruń ropean Anthropological Association. The –– 2003 Man is a measure of everything, following conferences took place in the Gdańsk previous century: –– 2005 40th National Scientific Confer- –– 1990 Biology of human populations, ence Poznań Karpacz The 41st National Scientific Con- –– 1992 Biology of contemporary and ference was held in Kraków in 2007, prehistoric human populations, the 42nd in Łódź in 2009, the 43rd in Słupsk Wrocław in 2011, and the 44th in War- –– 1993 Man in time and space, Gdańsk Polish Anthropological Society and Anthropological Review 107

Fig. 9. Front covers of the PTA Newsletters. saw in 2013. The Jubilee 45th Confer- First Piasts at Lednica and the Scientif- ence was hosted by Poznań in 2015. ic Association of Polish Archaeologists. In 1999–2003, the Wrocław Branch of Eighteen editions of Funeralia Lednickie the PTA, in cooperation with the Depart- have already been held. ment (subsequently Chair) of Anthropol- In 2012, workshops called Metodyka ogy, organised very interesting thematic badań ergonomicznych (Methodology of Ergo- workshops, each of them conducted by nomic Studies) was organised owing to the an anthropologist accompanied by an efforts of the Wrocław Branch of the PTA, eminent representative of another disci- Department of Human Biology at the pline – according to the workshop sub- Wrocław University of Environmental ject matter – a sociologist, epidemiolo- and Life Sciences, and Wrocław Universi- gist, criminologist, psychologist, dentist, ty of Technology. In 2013, that event was and others. held in Poznań (Poznań Branch of the Since 2012, a new project has been PTA and the Biology of Human Devel- launched Wiosna PTAntropologiczna (PT- opment, Adam Mickiewicz University). Anthropological Spring) drawing on the The topics raised included diet, various idea of those workshops. It involves aspects of children’s, youth and adult life- a series of conferences, seminars and styles and risk of body weight disorders workshops held by various PTA branch- – underweight, overweight and obesity. es across Poland. The event is opened by PTA can boast a gallery of outstand- Funeralia Lednickie (always in mid-May), ing scientists who have been conferred multidisciplinary workshops organised honorary membership. Since the PTA in cooperation with the Museum of the was founded, the title has been award- 108 Maria Kaczmarek ed to 61 scientists from Poland and to Romuald Wierzbicki, publisher and abroad8. co-editor of Nowiny Lekarskie, published Since 2007 biannual PTA Newsletter in Poznań. He covered part of the print- has been published under the editorial ing costs; in return, subscribers of Nowiny direction of Prof. Maria Kaczmarek and Lekarskie received Przegląd Antropologiczny Dr. hab. Urszula Czerniak providing in- as a free quarterly supplement to Nowiny formation on PTA members’ significant Lekarskie. In the following years, thanks activities, reports from the Main Board to Prof. Wrzosek’s endeavours, private meetings, reports on particular branches’ donors and collaborators who gave up activities, conferences and seminars, up- their remuneration, the journal was pub- dates on planned events, and reviews of lished annually in circulation of 400 cop- books published by PTA members.9 ies. Following to the establishment in The Society’s statutory activities are 1936 of the Exact and Applied Sciences funded by members’ fees and some pro- Council’s Anthropological Committee, jects, e.g. Funeralia Lednickie and Anthro- headed by Prof. Jan Czekanowski, and pological Review (up to 2013), are co-fi- owing to his efforts, the National Cul- nanced by the Ministry of Science and ture Fund began to grant regular subsi- Higher Education from the knowledge dies to support publication of Przegląd dissemination initiatives. Antropologiczny. The first subsidy was received in 1938 from the Ministry of Re- Przegląd Antropologiczny – ligious Cults and Public Instruction. At the same time, the publisher changed as PTA official publication Przegląd Antropologiczny became an outlet of the PTA and Polish Anthropological The decision to establish and publish Departments (Malinowski 2014). In the Przegląd Antropologiczny was made at the inter-war period, 12 volumes were pub- founding meeting on 12 November 1925. lished and the first issue of Volume 13. The first volume was released in the fol- The publication of the journal was inter- lowing year with Prof. Adam Wrzosek as rupted by the war to be resumed in 1947 Editor-in-Chief. In 1926–1937, publica- with volume (Strzałko 2001). tion of the journal was beset by serious fi- Since the foundation of Przegląd Antro- nancial difficulties. The PTA membership pologiczny until 1948, Prof. Wrzosek per- was too low for costs of publication to be formed the function of editor-in-chief. covered by member fees. The PTA Board Then, he was dismissed of the function tried to obtain financial support from in- due to his “inappropriate ideological dividuals and various institutions. The attitude”, inconsistent with the line of first volume was released mainly owing the communist authorities, and became member of the editorial team. In 1953, the editor-in-chief position was taken 8 A complete list of honorary members is available at the PTA website lhttp://www.ptantropo- over by Prof. Jan Mydlarski (1952–1956), logiczne.pl, tab. Membership while Wrzosek was responsible for scien- 9 Details of PTA activities, annals, conference tific and technical part of the publication. reports are all included in the bulletins. PTA The journal’s head office was changed, bulletins in an electronic version can be down- loaded from the PTA website http://www.pt- too. For over 25 years the editorial of- antropologiczne.pl, tab. Biuletyny. fice of Przegląd Antropologiczny was loc Polish Anthropological Society and Anthropological Review 109 ated in Poznań. In 1955, it was moved to 2007, the Polish name was eventually Wrocław. In the same year, the PTA logo dropped to facilitate indexing in interna- was placed for the first time on the cover tional bases. From 2008, Anthropological of Volume 21. When Prof. When Michał Review has been published in both elec- Godycki of Adam Mickiewicz University, tronic and hard copy forms. Owing to Poznań, became editor-in-chief in 1957 Prof. Strzałko’s modern vision, Przegląd with Prof. Wrzosek as a scientific edi- Antropologiczny acquired the status of an tor, the editorial office was moved back international journal and the open access to Poznań. In the following years, Prze- and downloadable electronic version have gląd Antropologiczny was published in the significantly increased its impact. That form of a single volume composed of two line of development is continued by Prof. fascicles. The function of editor-in-chief Maria Kaczmarek (editor-in-chief) with of Przegląd Antropologiczny was per- her associates: Prof. Maciej Henneberg formed successively by: Prof. Adam Wr- and Prof. Sławomir Kozieł, who replaced zosek (1926–1948), Prof. Jan Mydlarski Prof. Jana Strzałko in 2012. Nowadays, (1953–1959), Prof. Michał Ćwirko-God- Anthropological Review is released in two ycki (1960–1977), Prof. Tadeusz Dzi- forms: electronic and hard copy with erżykray-Rogalski (1978–1984), in 1985 four fascicles published annually.10 It is the position was held by Prof. Zbigniew the only anthropological journal on the Drozdowski. From 1986 to 2011, that is Polish market out of many that used to for a period of 25 years, the Editorial Board be published by various units. The jour- was head by Prof. Jan Strzałko. He made nal is abstracted and indexed in interna- substantial changes aimed to make the tional databases, including in particular: journal more international. To this end, EBSCO, ERIH PLUS, IC Journal Master a decision was taken in 1997 to publish Link, SCOPUS Elsevier, Ulrich’s peri- Przegląd Antropologiczny in English and to odicals, Zoological Record. The journal appoint an international Editorial Board. was positively evaluated in Index Coper- Beginning with volume 60 from 1997, the nicus Journals Master List. In 2014, the Polish name Przegląd Antropologiczny came evaluation was resulted in score given together with the English equivalent An- ICV 8.86 points. Detailed scoring can be thropological Review and for several years found in the Detailed Report of the eval- the journal was published under a bilin- uation available at http://journals.index- gual title. That reflected the nature of the copernicus.com/Anthropological+Re- change introduced by the editor-in-Chief. view,p1662,3.html. All articles have since been published in History of Przegląd Antropologiczny English with summaries, chronicles and was presented by Prof. Jan Strzałko in his reports left in Polish. Owing to that, the editorial note on the occasion of the 75th number of readers and international au- anniversary of the journal. He wrote: thors has substantially increased. The …“The current volume also has journal could also be entered into inter- a new and, we believe, more attractive national bases indexing scientific journals, an important condition for dissemi- 10 Anthropological Review is available online at nating study results among scientists. In the following addresses: http://www.degruyter. com/view/j/anre and http://www.ptantropo- 2001, Przegląd Antropologiczny appeared in logiczne.pl as well as repozytorium.amu.edu. a new appealing graphical layout. From pl/jspui/handle/10593/2515. 110 Maria Kaczmarek

cover. We hope that these newest im- pers published in Przegląd Antropologiczny provements and the high scientific stand- since the volume 64 published in 1997. ards of the publication will attract both, An analysis provided by Prof. Strzałko exacting readers and authors, which, in (2001) in his note given to celebrate the turn, will allow us to regularly obtain 75th anniversary of Przegląd Antropolog- the necessary funds. We trust too, that iczny showed that the papers published within the next quarter of the century, in the journal included somebody will write a note entitled “The “…(C) a ‘chronicle’ of Polish anthro- Centennial of Przegląd Antropologiczny – pology and information about people, in- Anthropological Review” in volume 89 of stitutions and events taking place in this our Journal.” (Strzałko 2001:8). discipline internationally (biographies, While having to leave the honour of obituaries, proceedings from congress- writing a 100th anniversary commemo- es and research, references reviews, and rative article to others, we complete the personal news); (H) the ‘heterography’ quantitative characteristics regarding pa- of modern man, a category encompassing intra and interpopulational variability

Fig. 10. Front covers of the Anthropological Review. Polish Anthropological Society and Anthropological Review 111 of man studied on contemporary people raphy, human ecology, biology of human and pertaining to both morphological population, human ethology and theory and physiological traits. Only ontogenet- of evolution.” (Strzałko 2001:5–6). ic variability is excluded from this cate- Since 2012, the chronicle has no gory; (O) ‘ontogeny’ (also called ‘human longer been published in Anthropological growth and development’ or ‘human bio Review, as all chronicle records have been logy’), a relatively homogeneous catego- moved to the Bulletin. The number of is- ry, very widely represented in anthropo- sues and papers published has increased. logical literature, including articles on all In 2011, one issue with 6 articles was phases of individual development of man, released versus 2 issues with 13 articles from an embryo to senility; (S) variability in 2012. In 2013, two issues with 19 ar- of the human species with time, a catego- ticles were published and in 2014 and ry including articles on so-called ‘skeletal 2015, three issues with 24 and 26 arti- biology’, pertaining to variability (and its cles, respectively. This progress is shown controls) in the past populations as rep- in Figure 11. resented in osteological material. By con- At present, Anthropological Review (An- vention, in this context, we have referred thropol Rev) is a double blinded peer-re- to Homo sapiens populations from the viewed journal published three times time after the emergence of ‘anatomically a year. Starting in 2016, Anthropological modern H. sapiens’; (P) ‘paleoanthropol- Review will become a larger quarterly ogy’, a category including both theoreti- publication with spring (March), sum- cal and research articles pertaining to the mer (June), fall (September) and winter phylogenesis of man; (T) all other, mainly (December) issues. Topics of paper pub- .theoretical., articles pertaining to meth- lished in the journal include a wide range odology, cultural anthropology, demog- of issues

Fig. 11. Number of papers per volume in consecutive volumes (64–78) of the Anthropological Review. 112 Maria Kaczmarek

In physical (biological) anthropology Plans for the future and all relevant biological and medical topics in biological anthropology, bio-ar- Looking forward, the PTA wishes to chaeology and clinical anthropology, maintain its multidisciplinary nature and specifically on human auxology, ageing contribute to the consolidation of re- and senescence in both living and past searchers active in anthropology and re- populations; genetic determinants and lated fields of study. It intends to encour- environmental (geographic, socio-eco- age as many individuals as possible to nomic, nutritional and other lifestyle join the PTA. Invitation is directed both behaviours) factors contributing to vari- to young and experienced scientists. For ation in human physique and health sta- beginning researchers, membership in tus; health-related quality of life; human a scientific society means opportunities reproductive ecology; human evolution- to present their achievements and join ary behaviour; microevolutionary chang- the scientific discourse, while for - expe es such as secular trends in physical rienced scientists, it provides scope to growth and maturation; methodological share their knowledge and experience and methodical issues of biological an- with younger colleagues who will take thropology; the application of concepts their place in the future. from the field of biological anthropology It is important to raise or at least to clinical settings. maintain the existing of importance of Results of anthropological research Anthropological Review, which is by no works are used as reference and stand- means easy considering the strong com- ard data in developmental age medicine, petition by foreign journals and the pa- pedagogy and ergonomics; population bi- rameterisation requirements for scientif- ological status indicators are useful tools ic units. of disease prevention and health promo- PTA also plans to engage more strong- tion, while studies of human remains are ly in knowledge promotion projects, such employed in the studies of prehistoric as the Science and Art Festival organised and historic populations. by annually in academic cities, Scientists In 1956 the Bibliography and Scien- Night and other initiatives aimed to dis- tific Documentation Centre was opened seminate knowledge to the public. with the aim of developing bibliography In all their actions, members of the of Polish anthropology. Bibliography of Society are aware of their responsibili- Polish anthropology was published in ty for the work started 90 years ago and successive volumes of Przegląd Antropo- proud of being able to continue that work logiczny11. Currently, the library collection in the best possible way. established by Prof. Wrzosek is available at the Adam Mickiewicz University, Corresponding author Poznań, and Pomeranian University of Słupsk. Maria Kaczmarek, 1Polish Anthropo- logical Society, Umultowska 89, 61-614 11 See Bibliografia antropologii polskiej (Bibliography Poznań, Poland; 2Department of Human of Polish Anthropology) Przegląd Antropolo- Biological Development, Institute of giczny 1967 vol. XXXIII f.2; 1973 vol. XXXIX f.2; 1976 vol. XLII f.2; 1981 vol. XLVII f.2, 1995 Anthropology, Faculty of Biology, Adam vol. LVIII . Polish Anthropological Society and Anthropological Review 113

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