Conference of Young Scientists and Students
Innovations in Biology and Agriculture to Solve Global Challenges
Dedicated to the 90th Anniversary of Academician Jalal A. Aliyev
October 31, 2018 Baku, Azerbaijan
CONFERENCE PROGRAM & ABSTRACT BOOK 2
3
4 Conference of Young Scientists and Students
Innovations in Biology and Agriculture to Solve Global Challenges Dedicated to the 90th Anniversary of Academician Jalal A. Aliyev
Baku, Azerbaijan October 31, 2018
CONFERENCE PROGRAM & ABSTRACT BOOK
5 AZƏRBAYCAN RESPUBLİKASI KƏND TƏSƏRRÜFATI NAZİRLİYİ ƏKİNÇİLİK ELMİ TƏDQİQAT İNSTİTUTU
AZƏRBAYCAN MİLLİ ELMLƏR AKADEMİYASI MOLEKULYAR BİOLOGİYA VƏ BİOTEXNOLOGİYALAR İNSTİTUTU
Akademik Cəlal Əlirza oğlu Əliyevin 90 illik yubileyinə həsr olunmuş
MÜASİR BİOLOGİYA VƏ AQRAR ELMLƏRDƏ İNNOVASİYALAR VƏ QLOBAL ÇAĞIRIŞLAR
mövzusunda
Gənc Alim və Tələbələrin Konfransı
31 oktyabr 2018-ci il Bakı, Azərbaycan
KONFRANSIN PROQRAMI VƏ MATERİALLARI FOREWORD
Dear Colleagues and Friends,
You are welcome to attend and participate in the Conference of Young Scientists and Students on “Innovatıons in Biology and Agrıculture to Solve Global Challenges”, dedicated to the 90th anniversary of academician Jalal Aliyev. Jalal Aliyev was a distinguished and respected plant biologist of our time, a great teacher, and great human being. He was a pioneer of photosynthesis research in Azerbaijan. Academician Aliyev was deeply involved in dynamic research on several aspects of photosynthesis for 65 years; he focused mainly on the important crop wheat; this research was integrative in its approach, involving physiological, biophysical, biochemical, and the molecular-genetic bases of plant productivity, as well as on the production processes of the structural-functional organization of plants-from the molecular level to the whole plant. Jalal Aliyev instigated also the development of new directions of research, namely molecular biology, molecular genetics, gene and cellular biotechnology, mathematical and computational biology, and bioinformatics as applied to crop productivity in Azerbaijan. Today we are looking back and looking forward. The human population is increasing, which means that we need to improve crop productivity to maintain food security. Over the last century, plant breeding and modern agriculture have made large gains in productivity. However, this growth is not keeping pace with demand. If plant photosynthesis could be improved, this would provide breeders with a new tool to increase crop yields. This has been a major research focus over the last 20 years and significant progress has been made in understanding this process. However, crops with improved photosynthesis have yet to be successfully commercialized. Interdisciplinary teams may be vital for trend-setting new discoveries. New disciplines hold great promise for the advancement of research and development in complex biological and medical systems, agriculture, environment, public health, drug design. Research and development in different areas are impacting the science and technology in fields such as medicine, food production, forensics, etc. by advancing fundamental concepts in molecular biology, by helping us understand living organisms at multiple levels, by developing innovative implants and bio-prosthetics, and by improving tools and techniques for the detection, prevention and treatment of diseases. The conference, through its program, also seeks to reflect and address new challenges that come with new knowledge in human healthcare today. These topics take in this conference because emerging technologies in biology and agriculture eventually related to human healthcare. So, the aim of this conference is to bring together experts, novices, students and breeders to exchange and discuss their latest results in the fields of biology and agriculture. Conference topics will range from fundamental research to applications need for food security and healthcare programs. Organizers gives young attendees the opportunity to present early results of their research. Looking forward to seeing all of you in our conference. With best wishes and thanks, Sincerely yours, Academician Irada Huseynova
October 31, 2018 7 SESSIONS
S1: Photosynthesis & Climate Change Adaptation
S2: Plant Immunity in Biotic and/or Abiotic Stress
S3: Agricultural Biotechnology
S4: Plant Genetics and Epigenetics
S5: Novel Breeding Technologies
S6: Agronomics & Crop Improvement Strategies
S7: Biodiversity and Conservation
S8: Bioinformatics & Computational Biology
S9: From Molecular Biology to Human Physiology, Medical Genetics & Genomic Medicine
8 Conference of Young Scientists and Students
Innovations in Biology and Agriculture to Solve Global Challenges Dedicated to the 90th Anniversary of Academician Jalal A. Aliyev
Baku, Azerbaijan October 31, 2018
Honorary Chairman: Acad. Ahliman AMIRASLANOV Co-Chairman: Acad. Irada HUSEYNOVA Co-Chairman: Dr. Vugar BABAYEV Coordinator: Prof. Dr. Tofig ALLAHVERDIYEV
SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE:
Chairman: Dr. Javanshir TALAI Co-Chairman: Prof. Dr. Yashar FEYZIYEV
Members:
Akad. Valida ALIZADE Corres. mem. of ANAS Magsud GURBANOV Corres. mem. of ANAS İbrahim AZIZOV
9 Corres. mem. of ANAS Novruz GULIYEV Corres. mem. of ANAS İlham SHAHMURADOV Corres. mem. of ANAS Zeynal AKPEROV Corres. mem. of ANAS Nuru BAYRAMOV Corres. mem. of ANAS Panah MURADOV Prof. Saftar SULEYMANOV Prof. Dr. Gatiba HASANOVA Prof. Eldar NOVRUZOV Prof. Sayyara IBADULLAYEVA Prof. Ulduz HASHIMOVA Prof.Dr. Shahniyar BAYRAMOV Prof. Khanlar ABDULLAYEV Dr. Nizami HUMMATOV Dr. Abidin ABDULLAYEV Dr. Tofig GARAGOZOV Dr. Rufat MIRZOYEV Dr. Atabay JAHANGIROV Dr. Sevda ABDULBAGHIYEVA Dr. Durna ALIYEVA
ORGANIZING COMMITTEE:
Chairman: Dr. Alamdar MAMMADOV Co-Chairman: Dr. Atif ZAMANOV
Members:
Prof. Dilzara AGHAYEVA Prof. Abuzar GAZIYEV Dr. Afig MAMMADOV Dr. Mazahir RZAYEV Dr. Imrali HAJIMAMMADOV Dr. Hasan BABAYEV Dr. Namilla AZIZOVA Dr. Sevda HAJIYEVA Dr. Mahira MAMMADOVA Dr. Sadagat ASADOVA Dr. Samira RUSTAMOVA Dr. Ulduza GURBANOVA Dr. Shikar AHMEDOV Dr.Sabina OMAROVA
10 TECHNICAL PROQRAM COMMITTEE: Chairman: Dr. Nurmammad MUSTAFAYEV
Members: Dr. Nargiz SULTANOVA Dr. Sevinj MAMMADOVA Dr. Flora AHMEDOVA Dr. Rasib ZEYNALOV Minakhanum ALIYEVA Yagub GULIYEV Zohrab GARIBOV Arif ALIYEV Metin KALANTARLI Roya ASGERLI Konul ASLANOVA Natig ALLAHVERDIYEV
11 CONFERENCE PROGRAM
TALKS
12 DETAILED SCIENTIFIC PROGRAM
(Lectures, discussion, poster sessions and etc.)
8:30 - 9:00 Visit to the Alley of Honors
9:00 - 10:00 Registration
10:00 Opening ceremony Welcome Speech
Ahliman Amiraslanov (Academician Secretary of the Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (ANAS)), Irada Huseynova (Vice-president of ANAS, director of the Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies (IMBB) of ANAS), Vugar Babayev (Director of Science and Innovation Center, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan), Javanshir Talai (Director of the Research Institute of Crop Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan), Valida Alizade (Director of the Institute of Botany, ANAS), Tofig Allahverdiyev (Head of the Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology of the Research Institute of Crop Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Conference coordinator), Gulnar Abdullayeva (Young researcher of the Institute of IMBB).
13 10:25-10:45 Special events in honor of Academician Jalal A. Aliyev
Plenary Lectures: Chairpersons: Acad. Irada Huseynova, Dr. Cavanshir Talai
10:45-11:10 (25 min) Lecture 1
Ulduza Gurbanova (Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences) “Localization, physical, chemical and kinetic properties of NAD-malate dehydrogenase isoforms ın wheat and amaranth leaves under drought”
11:10-11:35 (25 min) Lecture 2
Asmar Ahmadova (Research Institute of Crop Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan) “The study of physical status indicators of arable light-chestnut soils in rainfed condition of Mountain Shirvan”
11:35-12:00 (25 min) Lecture 3
Samira Rustamova (Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences) “Identification of Lr, Yr və Sr resıstance genes ın Azerbaijan wheat germplasm”
12:00-12:25 (25 min) Lecture 4
Orkhan Isayev (Department of Histology, Embryology and Cytology, Azerbaijan Medical University) “Activation of cancer stem cells by IFN-alpha as a pre-treatment option for solid tumors”
12:25-13:00 (25 min) Poster viewing/discussion: Sessions 1-6
To take photos all together
13:00-14:00 (60 min) Lunch
14 Session 1: Photosynthesis & Climate Change Adaptation
Lectures: Chairpersons: Prof. Dr. Yashar Feyziyev; Prof. Dr. Tofig Allahverdiyev
14:00-14:10
T.Y. Orujova (Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies of ANAS) “The study of dynamics of titratable acidity in the Hylothelephium caucasicum species under drought stress”
14:10- 14:20
A.A. Jahangirov (Gobustan Expreimental Station of the İnstitute of Crop Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan) “Study of the flag leaf area of bread wheat genotypes in the Mountainous Shirvan region”
14:20-14:30
A.N.Pashayeva (Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies of ANAS) “Light-induced dynamics of distribution of photosystem II proteins in the thylakoid membrane of Arabidopsis thaliana plants”
14:30-14:40
L.M.Aydinli (Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies of ANAS) “The study of superoxide anion radicals and superoxide dismutase activity in bread wheat genotypes (T. aestıvum L.) during drought and rehydration”
14:40-14:50
I.Z.Umudova (Research İnstitute of Crop Husbandry, Ministry of the Republic of Azerbaijan) “The impact of different soil-climatic conditions on the grain quality of bread wheat varieties”
14:50-15:00
U.J. Mustafayeva (Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies of ANAS) “Light-regulation of NADP-malate dehydrogenase and NADP-malic enzyme activities in Sorghum bicolor leaves”
15:00-15:10
N.F. Aliyeva (Baku State University) “Quantitative analysis of photosynthetic pigments and organic substances in maize leaves under drought and salt stresses”
15:00-15:10
U.Y.Valiyeva, A-Sh.M.Hasanova (Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies of ANAS) “The effect of the intensive illumination on the photochemical efficiency of photosystem II in leaves of wheat exposed to heat and salt stresses”
15 15:10-15:20
T.C. Pashazade (Institute of Botany of ANAS) “The action of polyene antibiotics on the thin lipid membranes”
15:20-15:40
Q.M. Bekhbudova (Institute of Botany of ANAS) “The properties single ionic channels in lipid layers”
Session 2: Plant Immunity in Biotic and/or Abiotic Stress
Lectures: Chairpersons: Prof. Saftar Suleymanov; Dr. Namilla Azizova
14:00-14:10
S.T.Mirzayeva, N.F.Sultanova, G.O.Mehralizade (Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies of ANAS) “Molecular detection of main viruses of tomato plants in Azerbaijan”
14:10-14:20
U.F. Ibrahimova, A.A. Feyzullayeva (Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies of ANAS) “The effect of NaCl on some biochemical parameters in Triticum aestivum L. genotypes”
14:20-14:30
N.V. Movsumova (Institute of Botany of ANAS) “Usage perspectivity of halophytic plants in arid lands”
14:30-14:40
А.Р. Jalilova (Baku State University) “Photosynthetic activity of Dunaliella salina IPPAS D-294 cells modified with synthetic antioxidants under UV-B irradiation”
14:40-14:50
N.F. Sultanova, S.T.Mirzayeva (Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies of ANAS) “Molecular characterization of viruses occurring on Cucurbitaceous and Solanaceous crops in Azerbaijan” 14:50-15:00
N.Z. Asadova (Baku State University) “Evaluation of drought stress tolerance indices in Triticum durum genotypes”
16 15:00-15:10
K.Aslanova (Research İnstitute of Crop Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan) “Detection of rust resistance genes in local wheat”
15:10-15:20
N.R.Amrahov (Baku State University) “Influence dual effect (abiotic and biotic) on the activity of NADPH-oxidase activity of Arabidopsis thaliana”
15:20-15:40
N.K.Bayramova, N.F. Sultanova (Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies of ANAS) “Physiological and biochemical changes in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) leaves infected with grapevine leafroll-associated virus-3”
15:40-15:50
S.S. Jamiyeva (Research İnstitute of Crop Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan) “Evaluation of introduced faba bean accessions in Azerbaijan condition”
15:50-16:00
S.T.Zulfugarova, S.A.Omarova, S.M.Rustamova (Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies of ANAS) “Measurement of membrane thermostability in different wheat cultivars exposed to heat stress”
16:00-16:10
H.R. Mammadova, R. Xiangjiing (Research İnstitute of Crop Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan) “Identification of Rough Dwarf, Root Lodging, Southern Rust, Northern Leaf blight decease’s genes in variety, local and introduction hybrid lines of maize”
16:10-16:20
T.A.Teymurlu (Baku State University) “The effects of Ultraviolet B rays on yeast` cells membrane and peroxide activity”
16:20-16:40
E.Khankishiyeva (Research İnstitute of Fruit and Tea-growing, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan) “The sustainability markers for patogenic Venturia inaequalis in local apple varieties produced in our country”
16:40-16:50
G.A. Huseynzade (Genetic Resources Institute of ANAS) “Combining ability and heterosis studies in local and introduction tomato varieties under bacterial wilt condition”
17 16:50-17:00
G.T.Huseynova (Institute of Zoology of ANAS) “Wheat nematodes (bent-grass root eelworm) of Mughan plain of Azerbaijan”
17:00-17:10
A.M. Labazanova, Z.A.Garibov (Research İnstitute of Crop Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan) “The assesment of growing of barley in condition of stress factors and the changing of its morphological details”
17:10-17:20
N.Kh.Aliyeva (Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies of ANAS) “The study of superoxide dismutase activity in mesophyll and bundle sheath cells of maize under salt stress”
17:20-17:30
Sh.S.Mahmudova, S.Y. Ojagverdiyeva, P.F. Aliyeva (Institute of Botany of ANAS, Baku State University) “The changes of structure-functional state of plasma membrane in Nitellopsis obtusa under the influence of dimethylsulfoxide”
17:30-17:40
R.R. Asgerli, S.T. Hajiyeva, S.C. Valiyeva (Research İnstitute of Crop Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan) “Resistance wheat samples to yellow and leaf rusts in Absheron conditions”
17:40-17:50
H.M.Feyzullayev (Research İnstitute of Crop Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan) “Influence of cultivation methods on agrophysical properties of soil in short- term crop rotation in dryland condition of Southern Mughan”
17:50-18:00
Sh.F.Sadigov (Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies of ANAS) “Efficiency of fungicides against yellow-spot disease (Pyrenophora tritici repentis Died.) of wheat in seed- growing
18:10-18:20
A.M.Madadli, R.M.Mammadova, A.E. Huseynova, G.Sh. Balakishiyeva (Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies of ANAS) “Incidence of ‘Bois Noir’ disease in different regions of Azerbaijan”
18 Session 3: Agricultural Biotechnology
Lectures: Chairpersons: Dr. Tofig Garagozov: Prof. Alisoltan Babayev
14:00-14:10
E.E.Sadigova (Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies of ANAS) “Effect of light intensity on morphogenesis of the Shirvan-Shahi grape variety during in vitro cultivation”
14:10-14:20
G. Ismayilova (Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies of ANAS) “Callus formation degree and morphogenetic ability of the isolated wheat culture as a criterium of the genotype selection for studying in vitro epigenetic changes”
14:20-14:30
P.I.Gаmbаrova (Azerbaijan State Agricultural University; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies of ANAS) “in vitro study of regeneration potential of some varieties of Azerbaijan breeding”
14:30-14:40 A.A.Israyilova (Baku State University) “Inhibition of glutamate racemase from Burkholderiacenocepacia J2315 by two Zn (II) and Mn (III) 1,3,5-triazapentadienate metal complexes” . 14:40-14:50
A.Abdullayeva (Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies of ANAS) “Optimization of the nutritional medium during microclonal propagation of the grape variety Shirvan-Shahi”
14:50-15:00
A.D. Hajiyeva, S.N.Omarova (Baku State University) “Changes of the activity of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase in juice from pomegranate (Punica granatum L. (Punicaceae)) during ripening”
15:00-15:10
F.A. Alisoy (Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies of ANAS) “Dependence of the regeneration potential of an isolated culture of immature embryo of wheat in vitro from the genotype”.
19 Session 4: Plant Genetics and Epigenetics
Lectures: Chairpersons: Prof. Dr. Shahniyar Bayramov; Prof. Dr. Qatiba Hasanova
14:00-14:10
A.U. Shahveranov (Genetic Resources Institute of ANAS) “Disadvantages of the CRISPR-Cas genome editing system”
14:10-14:20
A.Y.Karimov (Genetic Resources Institute of ANAS) “Gliadin protein markers and quality indicators of bread wheat (T.aestivum L.) genotypes”
14:20-14:30
L.H. Namazova (Genetic Resources Institute of ANAS) “Cytogenetic analysis of hybrids between hexaploid bread wheat and Aegilops L. species”
14:30-14:40
Serpoush M.M., Ojaghi J.M., Salayeva S.C. (University of Khazar) “Polymorphisms of hordein storage protein in Azerbaijanian barley accessions”
14:40-14:50
N. M.Hajıyeva (Baku State University) “Molecular genetical study of MCM6 gene”
Session 5: Novel Breeding Technologies
Lectures: Chairpersons: Dr. Alamdar Mammadov, Dr. Atabay Jahangirov
14:00-14:10
M.A. Abbasov (Genetic Resources Institute of ANAS) “Genotypic assessment of Azerbaijani durum wheat germplasm using genotyping-by-sequencing”
14:10-14:20
A.F. Hajiyeva (Genetic Resources Institute of ANAS) “ Study of genetic relationship between ISSR markers and local winegrape samples”
20 14:20-14:30
L. Dadashova (Institute of Zoology of ANAS) “Investigating the methods of keeping Hirudo orientalis species in laboratory condition”
14:30-14:40
S.M. Babayeva (Genetic Resources Institute of ANAS) “Screening for fusarium wilt resistance in chickpea collection using marker assisted selection”
14:40-14:50
N.A. Hasanov, A.F.Hajıyeva, N.I.Akhundova, I.V.Huseynova (Genetic Resources Institute of ANAS) “Collection and efficient use of genetic reserves of fruit plants”
14:50-15:00
M.A. Huseynov (Azerbaijan State University of Economics, Research Institute of Viticulture and Wine-making, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan) “Examination of the quality of some brands of grape juice available on the market Using modern research methods”
15:00- 15:10
S.N Hasanova., N.F. Sultanova (Institute of Zoology of ANAS, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies of ANAS) “Root knot nematodes as potential threat to Azerbaijan Agriculture”
Session 6: Agronomics & Crop Improvement Strategies
Lectures: Chairpersons:: Corr. mem. of ANAS Ibrahim Azizov; Dr. Nizami Hummatov
14:00-14:10
R.X. Islamzade (Research İnstitute of Crop Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan) “The impact of sowing rates on yield components of “Jalilabad-19” barley variety in dry-farming land condition”
14:10-14:20
T.A.Islamzade, M.Y.Rzayev (Research İnstitute of Crop Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan) “Rice productivity in Lankaran-Astara region depending on plant density and nutrition condition in different sowing times”
14:20-14:30
G.S. Damirova (Research İnstitute of Crop Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan) “Study of ICARDA origin chickpea variety samples in Azerbaijan” 21 14:30-14:40
Sh.A. Alizade, A.I. Isayeva (Baku State University) “Identification of fast growing forms of cotton hybrids”
14:40-14:50
D.A. Isayeva (Azerbaijan State of Agrarian University) “The effect of fertilizers on the increase of productivity of the autumn barley plant in the row seeding method”
14:50-15:00
G.V. Mırzayeva (Research İnstitute of Crop Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan) “Study of the of grain yield, yield components and diseases resistanse of durumand breadwheatgenotypes introducedfrom CIMMYT and ICARDA in Absheron”
15:00-15:10
F.Mammadova (Baku State University) “Assessment of phytosanitary status of agrosenoses where vegetables and garden plants are grown”
15:10-15:20
T.A Nasirova (Research İnstitute of Crop Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan) “Influence of cultivation factors on soybean” . 15:20-15:40
B.B. Nazarov (Research İnstitute of Crop Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan) “Selection assessment of introduced perspective hybrid lines of bread wheat”
15:40-15:50
A.H.Ibrahimov, T.V. Vahabzadeh (Research İnstitute of Crop Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku Engineering University) “Restoration of fertility of technogenically-degraded soils in the Absheron peninsula by agrochemical methods”
15:50-16:00
K.A. Aliyeva (Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry of ANAS) “The effect of various norms of nitrogen fertilizers on the yield of tomato in the gray-brown soils of Absheron”
16:00-16:10
E.P.Mahmudova (Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry of ANAS) “Effectiveness of fertilizer under potato plant in mountain-dark soils in north-eastern part of Minor Caucasus”
16:10-16:20
G.I. Mammadova (Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry of ANAS) “Water-physical characters of irrigative grey-brown soils under vegetable”
22 16:20-16:40
S.J.Suleymanova (İnstitute of Viticulture, Ministry of Agriculture of Azerbaijan Republic) “Efficacy of introduction in culture in vitro of grapevine of Azerbaijani varietes Madrasa and Bayan Shira”
16:40-16:50
A. Nasirova (Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry of ANAS) Structure and sort content of the grain – freckled – various grassy mesophyle underforest meadows in the Gazakh-Ganja region
16:50-17:00
Z.F. Sarhadova (Research İnstitute of Fruit and Tea-growing, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan) “The varieties of peach varieties introduced in the Guba-Khachmaz regionactive development phases”
17:00-17:10
S.A. Asadova (Research İnstitute of Crop Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan) “Factors determining the quality of flour and use direction”
17:10-17:20
N.M. Seyidov (Research İnstitute of Crop Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan) “Influence of different fertilizer norms on productivity of mixed sowing of rape, vetch and oatmeal plants on gray-brown soils of Absheron”
Session 7: Biodiversity and Conservation
Lectures: Chairpersons: Prof. Sayyara Ibadullayeva, Dr. Mehraj Abbasov
14:00-14:10
G.M.Nasibova (Azerbaijan State Agrarian University) “Medicinal plants ın the bozgir plateau flora”
14:10-14:20
K.A. Asadova (Baku State University) “Characteristic peculiarities of Suaedata-Salsoletum- Petrosimoniosum Formation (Mil Steppe of Azerbaijan)”
14:20-14:30
S.B.Aslanzadeh (Baku State University) “Investigation of bioecological features of some wooden rare plants used for greenhouses in Absheron” 23 14:30-14:40
L.V. Abasova (Institute of Botany of ANAS) “The order Erysiphales in Azerbaijan: taxonomy and host plants”
14:40-14:50
T.E. Gasimzade (Institute of Botany of ANAS) Vegetation of winter pastures of the Shirvan territory of Azerbaijan”
14:50-15:00
E.H. Mustafabeyli, A.A. Alimammadova (Institute of Botany of ANAS) “Diversity of the mushrooms of the Shaki district of Azerbaijan”
15:00-15:10
A.S. Nasirova (Bioresources Institute, Nakhchivan Branch of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences) “Some prospective plants belonging to the Campanulaceae Juss. family spread ın the flora of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic”
15:10-15:20
K.F. Bakhshaliyeva (Institute of Microbiology of ANAS) “Toxigenic fungi involved in the formation of plants which are use different purposes in Azerbaijan”
15:20-15:30
A.G. Hasanova (Institute of Zoology of ANAS) “Type variety of land infusorians of forests of Khachmaz district”
15:30-15:40
G.E.Gahramanova (Absheron Experimental Station of the Research Institute of Plant Protection and Technical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan) “Comparison of Coleoptera faunas incereal plant senozes of the physical and geographical regions of Azerbaijan”
15:40-15:50
A. Askerova (Azerbaijan State Agrarian University) “Oontogenetic structure of rare iris species Coenopopulations in Ganja-Gazakh botanical area of Azerbaijan”
15:50-16:00
N.V. Dilanova (Baku State University) “Composition of species of zooplanctone in Shamkir water reservoir”
16:00-16:10
A.Rzaeva (Baku State University) “Floristic analysis of Juniper species in Azerbaijan” 24 16:10-16:20
A.E. Abbasova (Institute of Botany of ANAS) “Perspective of use of Rhus coriaria L. in the medicine and food industry”
16:20-16:30
N. Mursal (Institute of Botany of ANAS) Ontogenetic structure and variability of morphometric parameters of rare species of Ophrys caucasica Woronow ex Grossh
16:30-16:40
S.L.Hasanov, E.L.Hasanov (Ganja Branch of Azerbaijan National academy of Sciences) “About innovative research of handicraft patterns of Ganja based of biochemical methods”
16:40-16:50
Ch.Z.Bagirova (Institute of Microbiology of ANAS) “Ecological condition of Sumgayit landscapes”
16:50-17:00
S.S. Rajabova (Institute of Zoology of ANAS) “The current state of the grey partridge (Perdix perdix Linn., 1758) in the Talish”
17:00-17:10
E.S.Khidirova, L.Kh. Mamedova (Institute of Genetic Resources of ANAS) “Variability of the leaves of pistaches (Pistacia vera L.), growing under Absheron conditions”
17:10-17:20
A.N. Zeynalova (Institute of Botany of ANAS) “The species of genus Gentiana L. in flora of Azerbaijan”
17:20-17:30
A.M. Zeynalova (Institute of Botany of ANAS) “Fatty acid composition of wild growing pomegranate seed oil”
17:30:17:40
R. Salmanova (Nakhchivan State University) “Floristic analysis of Orchidaceae Juss. family ın the Flora of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic
25 Session 8: Bioinformatics & Computational Biology
Lectures: Chairperson: Corres. mem. of ANAS Ilham Shahmuradov
14:00-14:10
H.F. Guliyeva, A.U. Abdulazimova (Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies of ANAS) “Promoter analysis of plant nuclear genes encoding plastid or mitochondrial proteins”
Session 9: From Molecular Biology to Human Physiology, Medical Genetics & Genomic Medicine
Lectures: Chairpersons: Prof. Ulduz Hashimova, Dr. Nurmammad Mustafayev
14:00-14:10
L.B. Gadirova (Acad. A.Garayev Institute of Physiology of ANAS) “The effect of prenatal + hypoxia exposed during germinal period on the activity of Ca2 -ATPase and glutaminase in mitochondrial fraction of rat brain”
14:10-14:20
I.A. Safarova, N.I. Mehdiyeva (Azerbaijan Medical University) “Modern biochemical diagnostic methods in cervical cancer”
14:20-14:30
G.R. Abdullayeva (Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies of ANAS) “Genetic and structural effects of human cancer-associated mutations in DNA polymerases delta (pol δ) and epsılon (pol ε)”
14:30-14:40
B.I. Bayramov (Institute of Genetic Resources of ANAS) “Use of liquid biopsy in monitoring and management of colorectal cancer”
14:40-14:50
S.I. Gasanova, P.A. Shukurova (Acad. A. Garayev Institute of Physiology of ANAS) “Investigating effects of saffron (Crocus sativus L. Iridaceae) on sex hormones and sexual behaviour in male rats” 26 14:50-15:00
F.R. Huseynova, E.R. Mammadov (Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies of ANAS) “Study of polymorphism in Azerbaijan population sample with limited size based on short tandem repeats (STR)”
15:00-15:10
N.I. Karimova (Genetic Resources Institute of ANAS) “Impact of P450 (CYP) gene families polymorphisms on specific drug response among chronic myeloid leukemia patients in Azerbaijan”
18:20-18:40 (20 min) Poster viewing/discussion: Sessions 7-9
18:40 Closing ceremony
Special events 1) Young talents (awards/prizes) 2) Best posters (awards/prizes)
Committee: Acad. Irada Huseynova, Corr. mem. of ANAS Ilham Shahmuradov, Prof. Dr. Yashar Feyziyev, Dr. Cavanshir Talai, Dr. Tofig Garagozov, Prof. Dr. Tofig Allahverdiyev, Dr. Orkhan Isayev
To take photos all together
27 28 POSTER PROGRAM
October 31, 2018
12:25-13:00 (25 min) Poster viewing/discussion: Sessions 1-6
Chairpersons: Dr. Hasan Babayev, Dr. Atif Zamanov
PS 1. Hasanova K.Z. (Azerbaijan State Agricultural University) Influence of the composition of the nutrient medium on the content of pigments and the activity of photosystem II in tomatoes
PS 2. Jafarova J. (Institute of Botany of ANAS) Protection of photosystem II (PS II) by natural antioxidants from heavy metals-induced stress
PS3. Isgandarova T.Y., Rustamova S.M. (Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies of ANAS) Dynamics of ascorbate peroxidase activity during the period of flag leaf senescence in wheat
PS 4. Hajibabayeva I.I. (Baku State University) Durability of some species and sorts Tulip genus to ecological factors
PS 5. Huseynova H.Z. (Baku State University) Plants adapted to oil polluted soils in the Samur- Shabran lowland
PS 6. Isagova A.A. (Baku State University) The study of antioxidative and antiradical properties of some natural substances
PS 7. Gasimova Kh.H., Husiyev E.K. (Institute of Botany of ANAS) The potential for developing fodder plants for the salt-affected areas of Kur-Araz lowland
PS 8. Hasanova A.E., Najafaliyeva Sh.A. (Institute of Botany of ANAS, Baku State University) The fitoprotectors influence on electrophysiological parameters of Chara fragilis cells
PS 9. Bahadurlu G.J. (Research İnstitute of Crop Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan) Fodder valueble plants of steppe and semıdesert formatıons
PS 10. Ismailova G.Z. (Research İnstitute of Crop Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan) The impact of powdery mildew disease to the chlorophyll of barley genotypes in flowering, milk development and dough development stages
PS 11. Babayeva N.S. (Institute of Genetic Resources of ANAS) Variety disease resistance role in pest and disease infestation of pear plant in Guba-Khachmaz region 29 PS 12. Mammedova A.M. (Genetic Resources Institute of ANAS) Local and imported grains mushroom diseases
PS 13. Rakida A.M. (Genetic Resources Institute of ANAS) Genetic diversity and Plum pox virus resistance of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) in Azerbaijan
PS 14. Madadli A.M., Mammadova R.M., Huseynova S.A. (Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies of ANAS) Determination of the amounts of photosynthetic pigments, ascorbic acid and glutathione in grape (Vitis vinifera) leaves infected with phytoplasma
PS 15. Tagiyeva K.R. (Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies of ANAS) Effect of salt stress on the morphophysiological signs of wheat and maize seedlings
PS 16. Guliyeva N.R. (Institute of Radiation Problems of ANAS) Study of the biometric indicators of bean with gamma-irradiated seeds
PS 17. Mammadli G.H., Omarova S.N., Omarov Y.A. (Baku State University) The content of pectic substances of different varieties of apples and pears
PS 18. Jumshudova H.K. (Research Institute of Vegetable-Growing, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan) Early blight of potato and methods of combating its elimination
PS 19. Mammadova Sh.A. (Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry of ANAS) Influence of the mineral fertilizers on a nutrient quantity in bean plant and in soil
PS 20. Najafova N.Z. (Institute of Soil Science and Agro Chemistry of ANAS) The ecological condition of the Jalilabad cadastral region
PS 21. Оrujova N.H., Isaqova V.Q. (Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry of ANAS) Change numbers of microorganisms under vegetable cultures of irrigated grey-brown soils
PS 22. Mammadova M.N. (Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry of ANAS) Microbiological processes intensity in the eroded mountain-grey brown soils
18:20-18:40 (20 min) Poster viewing/discussion: Sessions 7-9
Chairpersons: Dr.Mahira Mammadova, Dr. Sevda Abdulbaqiyeva
PS 23. Eminli N.M., Abdieva R.T., Bayramova K.E. (Institute of Botany of ANAS) To the study of invasive species in Azerbaijan
PS 24. Imanova A.S. (Institute of Botany of ANAS) Historical study of Gagea (Salisb.) genus
PS 25. Karimova A.A. (Institute of Botany of ANAS) Vitamin plants spread in the region of Gedabey
PS 26. Muradova N.A. (Institute of Botany of ANAS) Life forms of oleiferous plants
PS 27. Shiraliyeva G.Sh. (Institute of Botany of ANAS) Ethno-Botanical Analysis Of Lankaran Region Of Azerbaijan 30 PS 28. Gafarova O.O. (Central Botanical Garden of ANAS) Rosaries of Central Botanical Garden
PS 29. Alikhanova N. S., Gasymova G.Q., Sarkarov S.V. (Institute of Botany of ANAS, Azerbaijan State of Agrarian University) Investigation of the composition of the Smyrniosis aucheri plant body by the Gas-Chromatography Mass-spectrometry method
PS 30. Alikhanova N.S., Gasymova G.Q., Sarkarov S.V. (Institute of Botany of ANAS, Azerbaijan State of Agrarian University) Identification of steroid and triterpene compounds of flower, leaf and body of the Smyrniosis aucheri plant by Gas-Chromatography Mass- spectrometry
PS 31. Ahmadzade S.R., Novruzova L.A. (Institute of Botany of ANAS) Ethnobotany of the locally used medıcınal plants of Azerbaıjan
PS 32. Gahramanov Sh.Sh., Alizade A.Z., Mustafayeva Z.T. (Institute of Dendrology of ANAS) The study of the insect species that harm twig farms in Absheron
PS 33. Mammadova Z.A., Aliyeva G.N. (Institute of Dendrology of ANAS) Marphometric variation of leaves in some oak species in Azerbaijan and their statistical analysis
PS 34. Karimova Kh.I. (Genetic Resources Institute of ANAS) Study of pomological traits and distribution of cherry (Prunus avium L.) in Azerbaijan
PS 35. Hasanova G.M. (Institute of Microbiology of ANAS) Micromisets Isolated From Water Ecosystem
PS 36. Shirinova G.F., Asgarli L.Ch. (Institute of Microbiology of ANAS) The General Characteristics Of Mycobiotics Of Absheron Gray-Brown Soils
PS 37. Abbasova T.S., Alibayli N.S. (Institute of Microbiology of ANAS, Baku State University) General Characteristics of Micobiotics Of Plants Used In Gardening
PS 38. Safarova A.Ş., Bayramova Fv, Bakhshaliyeva K.F. (Institute of Microbiology of ANAS, Baku State University) Evaluation of Mycobiots Of Some Ether-Oil Plants By Content Number And Species In Absheron Peninsula Condition
PS 39. Bunyatova S.N., Gasimova G.H., Mustafaeva G.A (Institute of Zoology of ANAS) IUCN status and current population trend of amphibians and reptiles included to Azerbaijan Red Data Book
PS 40. Aliyeva G.N. (Institute of Dendrology of ANAS) “Morphometric variation of leaves in some oak species in Azerbaijan and their statistical analysis”
PS 41. Ismayilova G.A. (Institute of Zoology of ANAS) The pest Ricania simulans (Walker, 1851) (=Ricania japonica Melichar, 1898) (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae) recorded for the mulberry plant (Morus sp.) For the first time in Azerbaijan
PS 42. Gasımova A., Aslanova G., Bedellı V., Israfılova F., Vahabova S., Shabanova R., Imamelıyev S., Valıyev M. (Azerbaijan Medical University) Antimicrobial properties of green tea and garlic extract
31 PS 43. Asadova N.Z. (Baku State University) Evaluation of drought stress tolerance indices in triticum durum genotypes
PS 44. Mammadova G. I. (Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences) Water-physical characters of irrigative grey-brown soils under vegetable
PS 45. Mansimova I.F. (Baku State University) The ratio of trophic groups of free-living ciliates
PS 46. Novruzov L.E. (Research Institute of Crop Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan) The influence of various norms of ammonium nitrate fertilizer on some physiological parameters, grain yield of durum wheat genotype "Krasnodar 99"
PS 47. Isgandarova P.A. (Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies of ANAS) Structure and function of insulin - like growth factor 1 gene
PS 48. Muradova A.A., Safikhanova Kh.M. (Acad. A.Garayev Institute of Physiology of ANAS) The effect of heavy metal on the body of fish
PS 49. Alibeyova G.R. (Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies of ANAS) Insertion/deletion polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene
32 LOCALIZATION, PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND KINETIC PROPERTIES OF NAD- MALATE DEHYDROGENASE IZOFORMS IN WHEAT AND AMARANTH LEAVES UNDER DROUGHT
U.A. GURBANOVA
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
Physiological functions and biochemical properties of NAD-MDH playing an important role in the creation of adaptive mechanisms against water stress in higher plants having different photosynthetic mechanisms have been investigated in the presented study. For the first time, using native gel-electrophoresis, the NAD-MDH isoenzyme spectrum was studied in isolated subcellular fractions of assimilating leaf tissues from a C3 plant wheat and a C4 plant A. cruentus L. grown in the field under normal water supply and drought conditions. Optimum conditions were found for homogenization and maximum activity of NAD-MDH in different subcellular fractions. It was established that NAD-MDH activity was markedly higher in mitochondrial fractions compared with cytosolic and chloroplast fractions of mesophyll (M) and bundle sheath cells (BSC) in flag leaves of wheat genotypes as well as in A. cruentus L. leaves during all phases of ontogenesis. In both wheat and amaranth, NAD-MDH isoforms localized in cytosol catalyzed oxaloacetic acid conversion into malate while the isoforms localized in chloroplasts catalyzed more actively the conversion of malate into oxaloacetic acid. The mitochondrial isoform of the enzyme was detected to catalyze more actively the conversion of malate into oxaloacetic acid in M cells and the conversion of oxaloacetic acid into malate in BSC. Wide specificity of NAD-MDH isoenzymes was revealed by native gel electrophoresis in 7.5% PAAG. NAD-MDH isoforms were found to be distributed differently in plant leaves depending on the development stage, tissue type and subcellular fractions. In anthesis and grain ripening phases, in the cytosolic fraction of the drought tolerant Barakatli-95 genotype a new 82kD isoform was formed under water stress, contrary to the drought sensitive Garagilchig-2 genotype. A new 66 kD isoform was induced only in the mitochondrial fractions of both isoforms under drought. In A. cruentus L. a new isoform was not induced under drought till the end of the vegetation. The obtained results show that the studied enzyme has a complex isoenzyme spectrum and play an important role in various metabolic processes, including adaptive processes in higher plants, in distribution of carbon and energy.
Keywords: NAD-malate dehydrogenase, carbon metabolism, C3 plant, C4 plant
Acknowledgement: This work was supported by the Science Development Foundation under the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Grant №: EİF-KETPL-2-2015-1(25)-56/35/3)
33 THE STUDY OF PHYSICAL STATUS INDICATORS OF ARABLE LIGHT-CHESTNUT SOILS IN RAINFED CONDITION OF MOUNTAIN SHIRVAN
A.M. AHMADOVA
Research Institute of Crop Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan; E-mail: [email protected]
The physical characteristics of edaphic environment among the factors stipulating of productivity of agro-ecosystem has an essential importance. The soil-plant system is formalized as a result of interaction of biotic and abiotic factors and dynamically develops. In this point of view, the growing of subsoil and surface parts of plants, assimilation of air, water, nutrient elements that assuring biological productivity and development etc. directly depending on changes of physical condition of soil. Therefore, for the optimal management of fertility is required assessment of physical condition parameters of soil. The study has been carried out in 2014-2017 in rainfed condition of Mountain Shirvan (Gobustan region) in light-chestnut soils with medium and heavy particle-size composition in cereals agrosenosis. The physical condition parameters of soil-bulk density, moisture content, total porosity, structure-aggregate composition etc. has been studied. Gobustan region is characterized by mild-warm semi-desert and dry-steppe climate that with dry summer. The climate condition of area differed in different years. The study has been carried out under plants differed for the rate of fertilizer, soil tillage and predecessor (cereals, leguminous plants and black fallow). According to the development phase of plants there has been taken soil samples and analyzed by standard agrophysical methods. The results of analyze has been statistically processed in 5% significance level by Minitab Release 14 program. Generally, the results of analyze of soil physical condition parameters being depending on predecessor, soil tillage, plant cover, climate condition of study year and other factors indicating that having inter vegetation dynamics. In addition to that, the changes of physical parameters of soil within space and time, as well as acute differentiation in arable and under arable layers is observed. The moisture reserve (black fallow differed) in soil within different years mainly conditioned by the amount of rainfall falling during vegetation, is observed of its effect to productivity and other soil physical parameters. The soil bulk density during the period of study differed within 0.97-1.53 g/cm3 in arable layer and had a “zero” tillage condition under wheat in 2015-2016 vegetation period with high values. At that year, the satisfactory values of total porosity has been observed in minimal and traditional tillage condition, in the next year in the planting with predecessor wheat and feed pea. In the period of study indicators of structure-aggregate composition of soil – quantity of 10-0.25 mm agronomic valuable aggregates was very well, the quantity of water-stable aggregates higher than 0,25 mm was in weak and middle level.
Keywords: Soil, bulk density, total porosity, physical parameter, productivity
34 MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF LR, YR VƏ SR RESISTANTANCE GENES IN AZERBAIJAN WHEAT GERMPLASM
S.M. RUSTAMOVA1, SH.F. SADIGOV1,2, G.R. ABDULLAYEVA1
1Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnologies, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected] 2Research Institute of Crop Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan; E- mail: [email protected]
The presence of leaf rust (Lr9, Lr19, Lr34, Lr35), yellow rust (Yr9, Yr18) and stem rust (Sr11, Sr26, Sr31) resistance genes in wheat genotypes collected in Gene Pool of the Research Institute of Crop Husbandry (Baku, Azerbaijan) were analyzed using various molecular markers. 1100 bp specific fragments in PCR profiles indicate the presence of Lr9 gene on 6B chromosome of 60% of the studied 78 genotypes. Positive results were obtained in 45 genotypes for identification of Lr19 gene using SCAR markers SCS123 and SCS253. Allelic state of Lr34 gene was studied using Lr34/csLV34a and Lr34/csLV34b markers. Molecular analysis showed the presence of allele a of Lr34 in 21 and allele b in 9 genotypes. Two genotypes were found to carry both alleles of Lr34. 54% of the studied wheat genotypes had no allele of Lr34 gene. Fragments characteristic of Lr35 gene were not visualized in PCR profiles of 61 genotypes. Fragments of 250 bp diagnostic for Yr18 gene were visualized in electrophoretic profiles of 40 genotypes. It is interesting that 150 bp fragments characteristic of Yr9 gene were amplified in all genotypes with the exception of four samples. These results will serve as a base for plant breeders to develop durable rust-resistant wheat varieties and to control wheat leaf rust diseases in Azerbaijan. Wheat germplasm has been examined and gene sources effective resistant to TKTTF ras group of stem rust spread in Azerbaijan have been characterized using KASP (Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR) genotyping technology. Real-time PCR (RT-RCR) analysis with diallel-type KASP_6BL_BS0074288_51 primer identified Sr11gene on 6B chromosome of 9 wheat genotypes from 34 ones, and it was identified in 7 genotypes from 10 ones when using KASp_6BL_Tdurum contig55744_822. A fragment of 207bp, which is considered to be the diagnostic amplicon for the Sr26 gene has been synthesized in 11 wheat genotypes from 42 ones as a result of PCR performed with a dominant STS marker Sr26#43. Lr26-Sr31-Yr9 locus located in 1BL.1RS translocation of 42 wheat genotypes was analyzed using specific Iag95 primer and 1100 bp PCR products, characteristic of Sr31 gene were found to be synthesized in 8 genotype.
Keywords: Wheat, rust diseases, resistance genes, KASP-genotyping, PCR
Acknowledgement: This work was financially supported by the Science Development Foundation under the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan (EIF/GAM-2-2013-2(8)-25/16/3 and EIF-GAM- 4-BGM-GİN-2017-3(29)-19/11/4).
35 ACTIVATION OF CANCER STEM CELLS BY IFN-ALPHA AS A PRE-TREATMENT OPTION FOR SOLID TUMORS
O.R. ISAYEV
Department of Histology, Embryology and Cytology, Azerbaijan Medical University; E-mail: [email protected]
Chemotherapy resistance is still an unsolved problem in treatment of cancer. The increasing evidence from last decades shows that cancer stem cells (CSC) are responsible for tumor initiation, progression, metastasis formation and also most importantly for resistance to anti-tumor therapy. In recent studies it have been suggested that INFα activates haematopoetic cancer stem cells, which are in dormant state and therefore activating cancer stem cells sensitizes them to chemotherapy. The actuality of this principle for solid tumors is need to be investigated thoroughly. The correlation between INFα and solid tumors, such as PDAC and colon cancer was shown in several in vitro and in vivo studies. The conclusion of these studies is that INFα has a direct cytotoxic effect on PDAC and CC; INFα enhances antitumor effect of chemotherapy and sensitizes cancer cells to chemotherapy; treatment with INFα led to accumulation of prostate cancer stem cells. In our study, it is investigated treatment of solid tumors, such as PDAC and HCC with combination of INFα with chemotherapy. We suggest that INFα as pre-treatment should be given prior to chemotherapy to allow the CSCs to become activated and therefore, make them sensitive to chemotherapy.
Keywords: Cancer, stem cell, solid tumor, chemoteraphy, cytotoxic effect
36 THE STUDY OF DYNAMICS OF TITRATABLE ACIDITY IN THE HYLOTHELEPHIUM CAUCASICUM SPECIES UNDER DROUGHT STRESS
T.Y. ORUJOVA
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected].
Dynamics of duirnal titratable acidity and leaf Relative Water Content (RWC) was studied in the Hylothelephium caucasicum species of the Sedum genus belonging to the Crassulaceae family. The results of the experiments showed that this parameter in plant leaves was higher during the morning and night hours. A positive correlation was detected between the leaf age and amounts of acids accumulated as a stock in the H. caucasicum species. Dependence of the dynamics of duirnal titratable acidity and leaf RWC on the effects of drought and temperature was studied in leaves of the Hylothelephium caucasicum species exposed to drought as well as under normal conditions. Both RWC and titratable acidity were found to decrease with increasing duration of drought stress in leaves of various age. Dynamics of titratable acidity and RWC was studied in leaves of the plants watered continuously and plants rewatered (for 9 days) after drought exposure (for 24 days). High values were obtained for titratable acidity as well as for RWC in leaves of the continuously watered plants. In plants exposed to drought stress titratable acidity and RWC gradually decreased with increasing duration of drought. When plants were rewatered a sharp increase occurred in titratable acidity and RWC. A positive correlation was found between titratable acidity and metabolic activity in the H. caucasicum leaves. It suggests that the increasing duration of drought effects leads to the late opening of stomata which prevents water loss, limits CO2 fixation from atmosphere and decreases general metabolic activity, including titratable acid content.
Keywords: CAM plants, succulence, titiritable acidity
37 STUDY OF THE FLAG LEAF AREA OF BREAD WHEAT GENOTYPES IN THE MOUNTAINOUS SHIRVAN REGION
A.A. JAHANGIROV
Gobustan Regional Experimental Station, Research Institute of Crop Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan; E-mail: [email protected]
In plants, the process of photosynthesis proceeds in the leaves, stem, spike and in other green organs. In wheat, photosynthetic activity is mainly performed by the leaf surface and there is a positive correlation between the productivity of the variety and the assimilation surface area of the leaves. For the possible greatest absorption of solar energy and capture of carbon dioxide, an optimal assimilation surface is needed. In our study the length and width of fully developed flag leaf of 21 bread wheat genotypes grown in different climate condition in 2013 and 2014 in Mountainous Shirvan were measured and area were calculated. An average value of flag leaf area amounted 22.8 cm2 in the 2013 year and 19.1cm2 in the 2014 year, respectively. If we consider the indicators of genotypes in different years, in 2013 the flag leaf area was largest among genotypes 7 WON-SA №477- 30.3cm2, Bezostaya 1- 29.0 cm2, 12 IWWYT №9- 27.8 cm2, was lowest in genotypes Gyrmyzy gul 1- 16.5cm2, 12 IWWYT №6 15.5cm2, Ferrigineum 2/19 15.0 cm2. Other genotypes had an average position with indicators of 17.5-27.1 cm2. In 2014, adverse climatic conditions affected the flag leaf area of wheat genotypes. So that, in 2014, wheat genotypes 7 WON-SA №477- 25.8 cm2, 12 IWWYT №9- 23.9cm2, Bezostaya 1 - 23.2 cm2 had the largest, wheat genotypes 12 IWWYT №6 -12.9 cm2, Gyrmyzy gul1- 12.6 cm2 had the lowest flag leaf area. Other genotypes had average values in the range 13.7-23.0 cm2. Non-significant positive correlation was revealed between flag leaf area and grain yield. Besides positive significant correlation was detected between flag leaf area and thoudans kernel mass (R2=0.50**), negative significant correlation was detected between number of spikes per unit of area and flag leaf area (R2 =0.41**). Thus, the study of the length, width and area of the flag leaf showed that this property is a genotypic property of wheat and depends on the hydro meteorological conditions of the year.
Keywords: Bread wheat, leaf area, spike, leaf length, kernel mass
38 LIGHT-INDUCED DYNAMICS OF DISTRIBUTION OF PHOTOSYSTEM II PROTEINS IN THE THYLAKOID MEMBRANE OF ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA PLANTS
A. N. PASHAYEVA
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
When plants are exposed to light intensities which are higher than needed to saturate photosynthetic electron transport, light-induced damage of the photosystems occurs. Therefore, plants have developed regulation mechanisms that reduce photoinhibitory damage. These include short-term processes that modulate the structure and function of antenna complexes, including non- photochemical quenching (NPQ) and alternative electron transport pathways. The PsbS protein is required in higher plants for the dissipation of excess light energy via it’s regulation by non- photochemical quenching. Other protective mechanisms that down-regulate photosynthetic electron transport, such as an enhanced formation of the ΔpH via cyclic flow around photosystem (PS) I, may be more important for counteraction of lack of PsbS protein in mutant plants. İn the present study, we discuss the results of research directed to the identification of changes in a thylakoid membrane pigment-protein complexes of Arabidopsis thaliana plants wild-type (WT) and in npq4- 1mutant, which lack of PsbS protein. In order to understand the dynamics in the composition of the thylakoid membrane protein complexes, blue native gel electrophoresis (BN-PAGE) was performed to separate the protein complexes in their native form. A comparative analysis of BN-PAGE between control and subjected to high light intensity plants of Arabidopsis thaliana of WT and npq4-1 mutant demonstrated the existence of changes in dynamics of pigment-protein complexes. A significant amount of changes were observed in the intensity of the bands belonging to NDH, supercomplexes, as well as in the amount of PSI and PSII dimers, PSII monomers, and light- harvesting complex (LHC) proteins. The investigation of the subsequent two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, directed to a research of proteins separation dynamics, has shown the existence of changes in localization of an amount of big and small sizes proteins in WT and mutant (npq4-1) forms of both control and high light treated samples. There was a significant increase in the amount of LHCII trimer. These data confirm the role of PsbS protein in the process of NPQ and shows it’s role in the adaptation of the whole plant organism to excessive light energy through the changes in dynamics of pigment-protein complexes and mostly in LHCII.
Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana, non-photochemical quenching, PsbS, blue native gel electrophoresis, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis
39 THE STUDY OF SUPEROXIDE ANION RADICALS AND SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE ACTIVITY IN BREAD WHEAT GENOTYPES (T. AESTIVUM L.) DURİNG DROUGHT AND REHYDRATION
L.M. AYDINLI
Institutue of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
As one of the abiotic stress factors, drought negatively affects plant productivity causing serious harm to agriculture. Therefore, the study of the adaptive mechanisms of plants against drought and evaluation of the restoration ability of plants after drought are main issues of the modern science. To study the restoration processes, bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes (Gobustan and Tale 38) exposed to long-term soil drought were rewatered. Then, amounts of superoxide anion radicals were measured using the histochemical method and activity of superoxide dismutase was determined spectrophotometrically after 3 and 7 days of rehydration and compared with the control variants. Drought was found to inhibit the accumulation of dry and fresh biomass in leaves of both genotypes, resulting in an increase of the amount of malonedialdehyde, which is the final product of lipid peroxidation. The amounts of superoxide anions and the activity of superoxide dismutase also increased under drought. Dry biomass of the Gobustan genotype increased during drought and reached the control variant after rehydration. However, there was no restoration in the Tale 38 genotype and its biomass continued to increase. Histochemical determination of superoxide anion radicals also revealed more dynamic accumulation of the radicals in the Tale 38 variety. The activity of superoxide dismutase increased in the Gobustan genotype under drought and decreased during rehydration reaching the control variant. However, in the Tale 38 variety the activity of this enzyme continued to increase until the end of the experiment. Thus, the Gobustan genotype exhibited more tolerance to drought compared with the Tale 38 genotype. The obtained results suggest that when exposed to water stress tolerant varieties have stronger antioxidant defense system compared with sensitive varieties.
Acknowledgement: This work was supported by the Science Development Foundation under the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan-Grant № EİF-KEPTL-2-2015-1(25)-56/35/3.
Keywords: Wheat, drought, dry biomass, enzyme, activity
40 THE IMPACT OF DIFFERENT SOIL-CLIMATIC CONDITIONS ON THE GRAIN QUALITY OF BREAD WHEAT VARIETIES
I.Z. UMUDOVA
Research Institute of Crop Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan; E-mail: [email protected]
The main criterion of the bread wheat value is the grain qualityin the world market.Although formation of the stabil and high quality grain to be known depend from cultivation technology andsoil-climatic conditions, choosing suitable bread wheat varieties to regions is remaining problem in thetime the agrarian sector privatized. For solving of this problem the most important issue to cultivate of bread wheat varieties in different regions farmings and todetermine the more productive and qualitative varieties in those regions.In order to determine the impact of soil-climate conditions of regions to the grain quality of wheat varieties, the quality indicators of the cultivated bread wheat varieties had investigated in Aghstafa and Shaki Region ExperimentalStationsduring 2016-17 and 2017-2018 growing seasons. The grain quality indicators of Murov 2 variety (Aghstafa RES and Shaki RES), especially of gluten contenthas close in both regions in 2017 research year (29.2-29.6%), but the gluten content has been high in Shaki(35.2%) and low in Agstafa (28.0%) in 2018. Depending from the years,the test weight had been high in Shaki (781-808 q/l) and was relatively low (760-781 q/l) in Aghstafa. The grain quality indicators of Tale-38 variety had been high in both regions. The protein content of Gobustan variety had been the same in (2017) and had been low in 2018 in both regions. The protein content had been 11.7% in Aran variety in 2017, and this has increased in Shaki region (12.9%) in 2018. Depending from the years,the gluten content of Gyrmyzy gul-1 variety had changed in both regions(in Aghstafa 25.2-29.6% and in Shaki 28.0-24.0%). Thus, although the soil-climatic conditions in different years influenced the quality of grain of wheat varieties, the Gobustan and Gyrmyzy gul 1 varieties maintainedhigher grain quality parameters indicating their good adaptabilityto growing conditions.
Keywords: Bread wheat,quality, gluten,region
41 LIGHT-REGULATION OF NADP-MALATE DEHYDROGENASE AND NADP-MALIC ENZYME ACTIVITIES IN SORGHUM BICOLOR LEAVES
U.J. MUSTAFAYEVA
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
NADP-malic type C4 plant Sorghum bicolor exhibiting a high photosynthetic activity is of great agricultural importance. Sorgo is the fifth most important cereal plant after rice, wheat, maize and barley. It is rich in nutritional compounds, fibers and biocomponents. Playing an important role in photosynthetic carbon assimilation, NADP-malate dehydrogenase (NADP-MDH; EC 1.1.1.82) catalyzes the conversion of oxaloacetate into malate. NADP-MDH is oxidized by thioredoxins under illumination. Thus, chloroplasts have only redox activated NADP-MDH and therefore, the malate valve can function in chloroplasts only under illumination. Malic enzymes perform the oxidative decarboxylation in the presence of pyruvate, CO2, NAD(P)H and a bivalent metal ion. The photosynthetic isoform of NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME; EC 1.1.1.40) is light-regulated. The main goal of the research was to study the light-regulation of NADP-MDH and NADP-malic enzyme activities in Sorghum bicolor. To this end, dependence of the enzyme activities on the plant age and environmental factors was determined in leaves of the mature Sorghum bicolor plants. The activity of NADP-malate dehydrogenase was measured using the Scheibe&Stitt method and NADP-ME activity was determined according to the Maurino&Drincovich method. Dependence of the enzyme activities on environmental factors was determined in Sorghum bicolor leaves during various stages of the plant development. The NADP-MDH activity was 2 times higher at 700 compared with 1600 during the stage of the flag leaf formation. During the period of the flag leaf formation as well as physiological maturity, the gradually decreased activity of the enzyme began to increase after 1600. However, there was no pronounced difference in NADP-ME activity during both periods. According to the results of the study, expression of the gene encoding the enzyme in + the Sorghum bicolor leaves is light-regulated. Moreover, high concentrations of NADP in C4 plants inhibit NADP-MDH activity. This effect was not observed in C3 plants. The obtained data are of great physiological and regulative importance. Thus, reducing potential of chloroplasts in C4 plants depends on NADP/NADPH ratio, which is the cofactor of NADP-MDH implementing CO2 fixation in the cell.
Keywords: NADP-malate dehydrogenase, NADP-malic enzyme, illumination, photosynthetic enzymes.
42 QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS AND ORGANIC SUBSTANCES IN MAIZE LEAVES UNDER DROUGHT AND SALT STRESSES
N.F. ALIYEVA
Baku State University; E-mail: [email protected]
Recently, plant tolerance to drought and salt stresses has become one of the extensively studied issues of the plant physiology. Although the scientific bases of the complications caused by drought and salinization in plants are widely investigated, there is still a need for research in this area. It is known that drought, which is the natural stress factor of our planet, covers more than 26% of the land areas used, and salinity occurs in about 20% of the sowing areas. Therefore, it is very important to study the physiological and biochemical processes at the initial stages of the development of seedlings (5, 10, 15-day-old seedlings) for elucidating the mechanisms of drought and salt stress effects. The synthesis of pigments was found to be activated in plants exposed to drought stress. However, the further growth attenuation resulted in the decrease in relative amounts of pigments. Under severe drought, plastids were destructed, which led to a decline in the chlorophyll content. There was no marked changes in the amount of carotenoids, whereas the amounts of anthocyanins decreased. The chlorophyll a content sharply decreased and chl b content increased on the 5th day of salt stress with NaCl. The chlorophyll content decreased when salt stress continued. Similar results were obtained under salt stress caused by Na2SO4. Dynamics of lipids, sugars and proteins has also been studied during the initial phases of maize development under drought and salt stresses. It was established that in leaves of the control plants the fat content was 1.6%, and 1.9% on a dry weight basis. On the 10th day of drought these values were, respectively, 0.74 and 0.78%. According to the obtained results, the fat content in leaves under drought decreased ~2.5 times and under salt stress with NaCl and Na2SO4, respectively, 1.4 and 1.6 times. Thus, during salt stress the fat content did not change markedly and did not depend on the salt nature. The sugar content increased in the control variant and decreased in leaves of stress-exposed plants, especially under drought. Total protein in 15-day-old maize leaves gradually increased in the control and decreased in the stressed variants. The most pronounced decrease was detected in plants exposed to NaCl and the smallest decrease occurred under drought. Because for meeting energetic demands, at the expense of strong hydrophilic properties, plants decrease water loss. On the other hand, although fats and proteins are reserves of the organism, protein synthesis requires less water.
Keywords: Drought, salinity, stress, pigment
43 THE EFFECT OF THE INTENSIVE ILLUMINATION ON THE PHOTOCHEMICAL EFFICIENCY OF PHOTOSYSTEM II IN LEAVES OF WHEAT EXPOSED TO HEAT AND SALT STRESSES
U.Y. VALIYEVA, A-Sh.M. HASANOVA
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
The elucidation of the mechanisms of the stress factor effects on plants is the main issue of the modern biology and agriculture. Usually in the nature, plants are subjected to the simultaneous influence of 2 or more stress factors. We have studied the effects of dual stress factors such as heat - high light intensity, salt - high light intensity on the photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) in wheat seedlings. The local wheat variety Garagylchyg 2 was used for the research. The increase in temperature to 35 and 45 caused, respectively, ~1% and ~6% decreases, in the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII in control (“dark”) plants. Although photoinhibitory effect was not registered at 25-30 , the further increase in temperature to 35 and 45 resulted in the decline of relative fluorescence yield to 92 and 75%, respectively. Photoinhibitory effect of light was studied in control variants and in plants exposed to 250 mM NaCl. During the initial light phase (1-5 min), relative stability of the photochemical efficiency of PSII was detected in leaves. Inhibition effect was estimated to be 5% and 3% in control variants, 7% and 6% in leaves of NaCl- treated plants after a long-term exposure to light (10 and 25 min). PSII was slightly more (2-3%) inhibited in NaCl-treated plants compared with the control. According to the results, high light intensity caused an additional inhibition in wheat leaves exposed to heat. This can be attributed to impairments occurring in, for example, the reaction center or oxygen-evolving center. Changes in the photochemical efficiency of PSII were not observed under salt stress. On the other hand, high light intensity did not cause strong inhibition in leaves of plants exposed to salt stress. This result can be attributed to stress tolerance of the studied wheat genotype.
Keywords: Wheat, photosystem II, heat, salinity, photoinhibition
44 THE ACTION OF POLYENE ANTIBIOTICS ON THE THIN LIPID MEMBRANES
T.C. PASHAZADE
Institute of Botany, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
The polyene antibiotics - nystatin and amphotericin B are known to increase the ion and nonelectrolyte permeability of sterol-containing biological and artificial membranes. Polyene antibiotics (PA) amphotericin B and nystatin are principally known as major antifungal drugs as well as one of the first model systems for trans-membrane ionic channel structures [1]. The effects of polyene antibiotics on thin lipid membranes are consistent with their action on biological membranes. The biological effect of PA is the formation in the membranes of structural ion channels which permeable for ions and organic substrates. The PA have high affinity to biological membranes, which there are sterols of definite structure. Nystatin and amphotericin B create aqueous pores in thin lipid membranes; the effective radius of these pores is approximately 4 Å. There is a marked correlation between the permeability of a nystatin- or amphotericin B-treated membrane to water and small hydrophilic solutes and the permeability of the human red cell membrane to these same particles. Amphotericin B or nystatin may interact with membrane-bound sterols to produce multi molecular complexes which greatly enhance the permeability of such membranes for anions, and, to a lesser degree, cations. Although both nystatin and amphotericin B greatly increased the conductance of cholesterol-containing membranes, they also expanded cation conductance to a considerable degree. Additionally, the effect of amphotericin B on the electrical properties of the membranes occurred over a moderately narrow concentration range. In this scale, there was no detectable effect on membrane stability. Possibly the many hydroxyl groups in nystatin and amphotericin B are capable for anion selectivity. Nystatin and amphotericin B induce a cation-selective conductance when added to one side of a lipid bilayer membrane and an anion- selective conductance when added to both sides. The concentrations of antibiotic required for the one-sided action are comparable to those employed on plasma membranes and are considerably larger than those required for the two-sided action. The one-sided action of the polyene antibiotic amphotericin B on phospholipid bilayer membranes formed from phosphatidylcholines and sterols have been investigated. The properties of ion channels formed in membranes by polyene antibiotics with various chemical structure of hydrophilic and hydrophobic chain of molecules are investigated. Small differences in a hydrophilic chain with the changed number of hydroxyl and carbonyl groups significantly influence on the size of conductivity and selectivity of the channel. The more number of double bounds in a hydrophobic part of polyene molecules leads to the higher biological activity of antibiotics. Measurement anion - cationic selectivity of the channels formed by polyenes showed that anionic selectivity, as well as conduction of channels, decreases among antibiotics: amphotericin B – nystatin. Research of physical and chemical properties of the single ion channels on the bilayer lipid membranes in the presence of polyene antibiotics makes possible to create theoretically reasonable recommendation to purposeful synthesis of new antibiotics with the known properties of molecule.
References: Samedova A.A., Tagi-zade T.P., Kasumov Kh.M. Dependence of ion channel properties formed by polyene antibiotics molecules on the lactone ring structure. Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry, 2018, Vol. 44, No. 3, pp. 337–345.
Keywords: membrane, amphotericin B, nystatin
45 THE PROPERTIES SINGLE IONIC CHANNELS IN LIPID LAYERS
Q.M. BEKHBUDOVA
Institute of Botany, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences
It is known that the cellular membranes are the primary target of action of pharmacological preparation. The efficiency of their interaction with membranes depends on the chemical structure of preparation. We attempted to approach to the solution of the given problem completely from a stand of looking up of pharmacological drugs with the known molecular mechanism of their action having high affinity to biological membranes and having a large spectrum of action. There is the alone class natural membrane-active compounds - polyene antibiotics (PA). There is such drugs, which one can be used for the solution of many problems and, in particular, concerns to a physico- chemical properties of lipid bilayers. In the basic of biological effect of PA having the formation by them in lipid membranes in a complex with cholesterol and other sterols of structural ion channels of molecular size [1]. The polyene channel represents dynamic structure consisting of several molecules of antibiotics and a sterol. Inside pore of a channel is covering by hydrophilic groups, but hydrophobic side of the PA is connected to a sterol molecules. The polyene antibiotics increased the conductance of bimolecular lipid and cell membranes for univalent anions and cations by the mechanism of formation of ionic channels. By incorporate in a lipid membranes of amphotericin B and levorin it was possible to simulate process of ionic permeability for such ions as potassium, natrium, calcium, and also transmembrane transport of carbohydrates and other low-molecular weight compounds. It was showed, that amphotericin B and levorin induce in lipid membranes ion permeability, and also permeability for monosaccharides and other neutral molecules in a following of a permeability: water > urea > asetamide > glycerin > ribose > arabinose > glucose > saccharose. The explanation of this case is that nystatin and amphotericin B form “pores” for light penetration of glucose molecules. The research of kinetics of conductivity of lipid layers from structure of channel forming molecules allows to judge the restructurings of an ion channel causing change of conductivity of membranes about the mechanism of their assembly and dismantling and, at last, about physical and chemical properties of ion channels in a membrane. On the basis of kinetic researches, it has been shown what induced by amphotericin B conductivity of membranes grows on channel type. It was supposed that the channel has one open and two nonconductive state– the short-lived closed and locked state. Experiments have shown that after formation of the single channel he passes into nonconductive state– disassembled state and repeated assembly of the channel and his transition to the working state is already regulated again by concentration of an antibiotic from inside a membrane. Coincidence of ranges of the fluctuations measured on different sites of conductivity in time - at growth to a maximum and on reaching stationary level indicates that the only form of a channel complex is responsible for conductivity and that only the number of the open channels in membranes have been changed. It is supposed that only the associated forms of antibiotics are capable to form the open channels in membranes and only then after formation of channels can be a redistribution of the associated forms of antibiotics into the membrane. Our experiments showed that alkyl derivatives of amphotericin B which aren't connected by a half-pore with each other from and haven't formed on opposite sides channel complex remain in a membrane long time after washing of antibiotics from water solution is considerable.
Reference:
Shahmoradi T., Ashrafpour M., Sepehri H. Electrophysiological characteristics of cationic single- channel formed by incorporation of amphotericin b in bilayer lipid membrane. Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences, 2016, v. 18 (2), p. 26-31.
Keywords: Ionic channels, lipid layers, cellular membrane, alkyl derivatives, levorin, glycerin 46 MOLECULAR DETECTION OF MAIN VIRUSES OF TOMATO PLANTS IN AZERBAIJAN
S.T. MIRZAYEVA, N.F. SULTANOVA, G.O. MEHRALIZADE
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
Viruses always caused major losses in the quantity and quality of tomato crops worldwide and they exhibit one of the most significant limiting factors for growers. Therefore, the purpose of the research was to investigate the occurrence, frequency and distribution of the main tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) viruses in tomato growing areas of Azerbaijan. For this purpose, during growing season (June-September), surveys and phytopathological examinations were conducted in the important areas for field-grown vegetable production of Azerbaijan. A total 263 suspicious tomato samples of various cultivars and some other non-cultivated host plants exhibiting symptoms of leaf curl, dwarfing, leaf narrowing, necrosis, mosaics or yellowing with reduced fruit yield and quality were collected in three regions (Jalilabad, Masalli, Lankaran) of Azerbaijan. Collected samples were first screened against the virus serologically (rapid one-step assay AgriStrip, DAS-ELISA) depending on virus symptoms and then molecularly (RT-PCR, PCR) for the presence of the major viruses infecting these crops. According to the results of serological tests, 179 samples (68%) positively reacted with the virus antibodies. DNA and RNA genome virus infections were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The PCR and RT-PCR tests using the universal or specific primer pairs resulted in the amplification of the expected 320, 422, 529, 276 and 500 bp fragments for ELISA-positive samples tested from tomato plants. Obtained results confirmed the presence of Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), Tomato etech virus (TEV), Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in tomato samples. To confirm the presence of TYLCV infection PCR was carried out with geminivirus specific primers such as MA13/MA26 primers targeting 1292 bp of circular DNA-A of TYLCV. PCR amplicons for TYLCV were obtained from the six symptomatic tomato samples. This study reports the natural prevalence of tomato viruses in Azerbaijan, which can provide important basic information useful for virus control strategies for tomato growing in our country. Conducting control over the vectors of insects that spread viral diseases should be of fundamental importance for preventing these viruses.
Keywords: tomato, virus diseases, tomato mosaic virus, tobacco mosaic virus, tomato etech virus, tomato spotted wilt virus, cucumber mosaic virus
This work was supported by the Science Development Foundation under the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan (EİF-2014-9(24)-KETPL-14/11/3-M-10) and by Presidium of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (decision № 7/3 dated on 14.03.2018).
47 THE EFFECT OF NACL ON SOME BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN TRITICUM AESTIVUM L. GENOTYPES
U.F. IBRAHIMOVA1, A.A. FEYZULLAYEVA
1Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected] 2 Research İnstitute of Crop Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan
Effects of salinity caused by different concentrations of NaCl (100 and 200 mM) have been studied in two genotypes of Triticum aestivum L. (salt tolerant Saratovskaya-29 and salt sensitive Gyrmyzygul-1) with contrasting salt tolerance. Stress caused by salinity influenced on the content of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, soluble sugars and phenolic compounds in 14-16-day-old seedlings. A significant difference in the content of malondialdehyde was not observed between two genotypes affected by 100 mM NaCl: the amount of MDA increased ~1.8 times in both 100 mM NaCl-treated genotypes compared with control. However, at the high concentration of salt (200 mM NaCl) the differences were obvious between two genotypes. In the salt sensitive genotype Gyrmyzygul-1 at 200 mM NaCl, MDA increased ~3.5 times compared with control plants, whereas genotype Saratovskaya-29 showed 2.1-fold increase in MDA at 200 mM NaCl. Lipid peroxidation was also higher in the Gyrmyzygul-1 genotype compared with Saratovskaya-29. It was found that, salinity stress caused an accumulation of soluble sugars and secondary metabolites ‒ phenolic compounds. The amounts of soluble sugars and phenolic compounds were high in the salt sensitive genotype exposed to salt stress.
Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., salt stress, MDA ‒ malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, soluble sugars, phenolic compound
48 USAGE PERSPECTIVITY OF HALOPHYTIC PLANTS IN ARID LANDS
N.V. MOVSUMOVA
Institute of Botany, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
In the last century, the study and use of halophytes have attracted the attention of scholars for the sustainable development of agriculture and the improvement of the environment. More than 150 species of halophytes are being studied in the world flora. Today, halophytes, which are promising as feed plants are cultivated in countries such as America, Russia, Australia, Mexico, and so on. in order to achieve high economic efficiency. Study of halophytes selected from the point of view of feed and nutritional value in terms of agricultural development is one of the actual issues of our time. To this end, we have researched the phytocenological evaluation of halophytes, the study of their resources and their use in the national economy. The varieties of halophytes play an important role in the selection of biomolecules for ecobiological and economic characteristics of feed, food, medicines, selection of oily raw materials, selective breeding and rehabilitation of degraded soils. Halofites are the basis of winter pastures for animal feeding, productivity and feed value. In the flora of Azerbaijan, productivity has been studied in more than 10 populations of highly promising halophytes: Kochia scoparia – 15.3 s/ha, K.prostrata – 12.0 s/ha, Atriplex tatarica – 8.6 s/ha, Climacoptera crassa – 12.9 s/ha, Suaeda arcuata – 13.7 s/ha, Camphorosma lessingi - 18,3s/ha. The main distinguishing feature of halophytes as fodder plants is their fat content in the autumn and winter pastures and the formation of abundant product, as well as the high fat content of some species’ seeds. Because of these characteristics, halophytes can be considered equivalent to legumes and grains, which are considered as traditional fodder plants.
Keywords: Halophytic plants, fertility, feed value
49 PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVITY OF DUNALIELLA SALINA IPPAS D-294 CELLS MODIFIED WITH SYNTHETIC ANTIOXIDANTS UNDER UV-B IRRADIATION
А.Р. JALILOVA
Baku State University; E-mail: [email protected]
The cell antioxidant system is involved in the neutralization of reactive oxygen species that damage the membrane structure of proteins and DNA. The efficiency of the physiological action of some antioxidants is considered to be comparable with the phytohormones. According to a number of studies, synthetic antioxidants, in particular, ionol and its derivatives, have a marked effect on the growth and development of plants. In the present work, an attempt was made to find out whether exogenous synthetic antioxidants (2.6 di-tert-butyl-cresol-ionol and 2.6 di-tert-butyl-phenol) affect the growth and development of the Dunaliella cell population and its functional stability to acute doses of UV-B radiation. The object of the study was the unicellular microalga Dunaliella salina IPPAS D-294, isolated from the saline Masazir lake and introduced into culture. The alga was grown at 27°C in glass photoreactors in a device for growing cultures of single-cell algae. The mineral medium contained (g/l): NaCl-87.5 (1.5M); KNO3-5.0; KH2PO4-1.25; MgSO4-50; FeSO4- 0.009 solution of microelements, 1 ml/l. The source of UV-B radiation was a mercury lamp SVD- 120. To determine the photosynthetic activity of the cells, the grown alga was precipitated by centrifugation and transferred to a freshly prepared mineral medium. The density of the cell suspension was adjusted to 106 cells / ml (optical density OD = 0.8). The rate of oxygen evolution by cells was measured on a polarographic apparatus, using a Clark platinum electrode. Based on the results, synthetic antioxidants influenced the development of the Dunaliella microalga, stimulating or suppressing the growth of the cell population. So, at 25-100 µm concentrations of 2,6 di-tert- butyl-cresol, the growth and development of the population of Dunaliella cells, within 24 hours in the intensively-accumulative mode of cultivation, exceeded the control populations by 8-10%, and 25-100 µm concentration of 2,6 di-tert-butyl-phenol also led to the stimulation of cell division and an increase in bioproductivity. An increase in the concentration of synthetic antioxidants in the nutritional medium (100-500 μM) led to the suppression of the bioproductivity of the alga population. Cells modified with synthetic antioxidants have been established to exhibit functional resistance to acute doses of UV-B radiation. A cell population modified with 25 µM of 2,6 di-tert- butyl-cresol under acute doses of UV-B radiation (2.2 • 103 erg / mm2) exhibited functional stability by 15–20% compared with the control population. The functional resistance of cells to UV- B radiation did not manifest at 25 µM concentration of 2.6 di-tert-butyl-phenol, only at 50 µM, cells modified by 2.6 di-tert-butyl phenol showed functional stability (30-35 %) to acute doses (2.2 • 103 Erg / mm2) of UV-B radiation.
Keywords: Dunaliellа, synthetic antioxidants, UV-B radiation
50 MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF VIRUSES OCCURRING ON CUCURBITACEOUS AND SOLANACEOUS CROPS IN AZERBAIJAN
N.F. SULTANOVA, S.T. MIRZAYEVA
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
Vegetable growing is a very important and an economically successful agricultural sector in Azerbaijan. However, vegetable crops are frequently affected by a wide array of newly emerging viral or virus-like diseases with variable symptoms including reduced yields. Therefore, to investigate the occurrence frequency and distribution of the main viruses infecting vegetables two surveys were conducted in September 2014 and July 2015 in important vegetable-growing areas, such as Absheron, Ganja, Khachmaz, Shamkir, Lankaran and Guba in experimental stations or private farms of Azerbaijan. Sampling was performed at the end of the growing season, when virus infectious are usually maximal, because most viruses are spread by insects. Cucurbit (cucumber, melon, watermelon and squash) and solanaceous (tomato, pepper, eggplant) plants showed symptoms of mosaic, vein banding, yellowing of the older leaves, leaf curl or necrosis and occasionally fruit deformation and discoloration, suggestive of virus infection were collected at different physiological stages, from recently planted to harvesting stage and end of production. Most of the crops were in open fields, but some tomato and cucumber greenhouses were also sampled in the Shamkir area. Collected samples were first screened against the virus serologically (rapid one-step assay AgriStrip, DAS-ELISA) depending on virus symptoms and then molecularly (RT-PCR, PCR) for the presence of the major viruses infecting these crops. For cucurbits, the most common viruses in both sampling sets were aphid-transmitted ones, including potyviruses (Watermelon mosaic virus, WMV, zucchini yellow mosaic virus, ZYMV), cucumoviruses (Cucumber mosaic virus, CMV) and poleroviruses (cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus, CABYV). Eggplant mottled dwarf (EMDV) was also detected for the first time in Azerbaijan on cucumber at a low prevalence. In solanaceous crops, CMV was the most common virus detected, followed by potato virus Y (PVY). Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) and tobamoviruses (tomato mosaic virus (TMV), Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV)) were also detected in 2015. The begomovirus tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) was present on tomato only in the Absheron area, where it had a high prevalence and induced important losses. TYLCV- like symptoms on tomato in other areas of Azerbaijan were due to phytoplasma diseases.
Keywords: Epidemiology, genetic diversity, Cucurbitaceae, tomato, pepper
Acknowledgement: This work was supported by the Science Development Foundation under the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan (EİF-2014-9(24)-KETPL-14/11/3-M-10) and by Presidium of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (decision № 7/3 dated on 14.03.2018).
51 CHARACTERISTIC PECULIARITIES OF SUAEDATA-SALSOLETUM- PETROSIMONIOSUM FORMATION (MIL STEPPE OF AZERBAIJAN)
K.A. ASADOVA
Baku State University; E-mail: [email protected]
Environmental protection, as well as rational usage of phytocenosises or plant cover at natural winter pastures has a great importance in our days. Main characteric formations found at desert and semidesert vegetation types of Mil steppe are differ from each other on phytocenological structure, species content, fodder capacity. We have prepared guidelines on rational usage, improving of those phytocenosises. Differences of relief and soil-climate factors at winter pastures of researched area caused to formation of natural phytocenosis. Herbariums which collected from plant cover were systematized and identified based on new taxons on “Flora of Azerbaijan”, species names were given on S.K. Cherepanov, V.C. Hajiyev and T.E. Gasimova. At desert type vegetation of researched area Suaedaeta-Salsoletum-Petrosimoniosum, Salsoleta-Artemisietum-Petrosimoniosum, Salicornietum-Petrosimoniosum, Tamarixeta-Artemisietum-Petrosimoniosum and Salsoleta- Petrosimonietum-Aeluropusosum formations are found at saline and alkaline meadow-grey soils. At the same time Artemisietum-Salsoletum formation is found at grey-meadow soils at semidesert vegetation. 19 kinds of higher flowering plants were found at the species content of Suaedata- Salsoletum-Petrosimoniosum formation; on biomorphological and life forms of species 2 ones (10.5%) are shrubs, 1 species (5.3%) is subshrub, 5 species (26.3%) are perennials, 1 species (5.3%) is biennials, 4 species (21.0%) annuals and 6 species (31.6%) are ephemers. These species were analysed on ecological classification and it was defined that 6 species (31.6%) are xerophytes, 9 species (47.4%) are halophytes, 2 species (10.5%) are mesophytes and 2 species (10.5%) are mesoxerophytes. Dominant of the formation is Petrosimonia brachiata (Pall.) Bunge, abundance is 3-4 pounds, subdominant is Salsola dendroides (C.A.Meyer) Moq., abundance is 2-3 pounds and Suaeda dendroides (C.A.Mey) Moq. abundance is 2 pounds. Plant cover is three layered; general plant cover changes between 50-70%. Improving anthropogenic and technogenic influences, as well as extremely grazing of desert and semidesert vegetation by cattle, the plant cover of winter pastures was become salted and digression was occured. For prevention of such negative effects it is recommended rational use and implementation of improving measures for Mil steppe phytocenosis.
Keywords: Formation, dominant, subdominant, desert, phytocenosis
52 DETECTION OF RUST RESISTANCE GENES IN LOCAL WHEAT VARIETIES
K.ASLANOVA
Research Institute of Crop Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan; E-mail: [email protected]
Wheat production in Azerbaijan suffers significantly from biotic and biotic stresses. Among the biotic stress fungal diseases are the most destructive. The major fungal wheat diseases are yellow (Puccinia striiformisf. sp. tritici (Pst), leaf rust (P. triticina (Pt), and stem rust P. graminisf. sp. tritici (Pgt) Twenty-seven wheat cultivars from Azerbaijan were tested for seedling resistance to two of Pst (avirulent and virulent pathotypes for Yr27). Seedling infection types (IT) were recorded 17 days after inoculation using 0 to 4 scale (McIntosh et al., 1995). Genotypes with seedling infection types ranging from 0 to 2+ were considered as resistant and infection types 3 and 4 were considered as susceptible. When the 27 cultivars were evaluated against avirulent and virulent Pst races for Yr27, 89% and 52% of entries were seedling resistant, respectively. Field assessment indicated that the resistant cultivars at seedling were also resistant at adult-plant when evaluated to aYr27-viruelnt Pst race in Absheron. Among the seedling susceptible cultivars (IT 3 to 4) to the Yr27 Pst pathotype, nine were resistant at adult-plant. This may indicate presence of adult-plant resistance gene/s in these genotypes. The molecular markers tightly linked with Yr18/Lr34, Yr9/Sr31/Lr26, Sr24/Lr19, Sr25, Sr26, Sr39, Sr46 were used for to identify the resistance genes in the 27 wheat cultivars. Differential genotypes for individual rust resistance genes were included in each test. DNA extraction and PCR conditions were followed according to the published protocol for individual genes (http://maswheat.ucdavis.edu/protocols/index.htm). The 27 cultivars were screened for Sr2, Sr22, Sr24/Lr24, Sr25/Lr19, Sr26, Yr9/Sr31/Lr26, Sr36, Sr39/Lr35, Sr46 and Lr34/Yr18 using tightly linked SSR markers. Yr9/Sr31/Lr26 was fund in 41% of cultivars followed by Sr2 (33%) and Yr18/Lr34 (26%). Marker analysis revealed the presence of Yr9/Sr31/Lr26 in Akinchi-84, Ruzi-84,Nurlu-99, Ugur, Gobustan, Shafag-2, Yagut,Aran, Pirshahin-1, Agali, Sr2,Yr9/Sr31/Lr26 andYr18/Lr34 in Pirshahin-1, Ugur and Akinchi-84, Sr2, Yr9/Sr31/Lr26 in Shafag-2, and Agali, Sr2, Lr34/Yr18 in Shaki-1 and Murov-2,in seven cultivars using csLV34b STS marker that were showed also adult-plant resistance. Using SSR markers presence of Sr22, Sr24, Sr25, Sr36, Sr39 was not found
Keywords: Wheat, rust, genes
53 INFLUENCE DUAL EFFECT (ABIOTIC AND BIOTIC) ON THE NADPH-OXIDASE ACTIVITY OF ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA
N.R. AMRAHOV
Baku State University; E-mail: [email protected]
Among the environmental factors that severely effect on the plant growth and productivity is the salinity of soil. 20% of the overall irrigated land in the world and 48 % in Azerbaijan is presently affected by salinity and the area is growing. Majority of these soils in our country contain salt complex, which include NaCl, NaHCO3 and Na2CO3. During evolutionary process, plants have developed defense systems against any negative types of stresses, including salt stress. Due to this system, plants can adapt to unfavorable environmental conditions. The plant defense system is to some extent universal in nature and involves the formation of NADPH and its oxidation by NADPH-oxidase to form reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induce defense system. So NADPH-oxidase takes a key position in triggering plant defense reactions. Our aim was to investigate an influence of dual stresses (elicitor-flg22 and salt) on NADPH-oxidase activity in Arabidopsis thaliana. Arabidopsis thaliana, ecotype Col-0seeds were sterilized by 30% bleach (contains HCl/Tween) and were sown in Jiffy 7 peat pellets. Plants were cultivated under 10h/14h light/dark regime at 100-130 μE m-2 s-1, 22°C and 70% relative humidity in plant growth chamber. They were watered with fertilizer-free distilled water as necessary. After 10 days the seedlings were replaced, each to the new pot with soil and grown for 4 weeks.Discs, 3 mm in diameter, were cut from leaves and there were incubated in 96-well plate in 200 μl of distilled water (control) or 6 mM and 150 mM of NaCl, 10 mM and 50 mM Na2CO3for 20 h. Then distilled water or stressor solution was replaced by 200 μl of reaction mixture containing 17 µg/ml of luminol, 10 μg/ml of horseradish peroxidase,100 nM flg22, and the production of H2O2 was determined according De Jonge method. The use of a low concentration of NaCl (6 mM) increased the production of ROS 2.4 times, but high concentrations of NaCl (150 mM) led to a gradually decrease in ROS and finally the synthesis of ROS was totally blocked. The production of ROS triggered by flg22 at low concentration of Na2CO3 (10 mM) was also enhanced substantially, but high concentration (50 mM) blocked the synthesis of ROS completely. It was determined that this difference in enzyme activity was not a consequence of the pH of the medium. The experiments suggest that `the double effect of flagellin 22 and low concentration of salts leads to their additive effect in leaf tissue of Arabidopsis thaliana, which causes an enhanced synthesis of ROS by NADPH-oxidase. High salt concentrations (NaCl and Na2CO3) lead to disruption NAHPH-oxidase functioning.
Keywords: ROS, NADPH-oxidase, Arabidopsis thaliana, flagellin 22, salt stress
54 PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN GRAPEVINE (VITIS VINIFERA L.) LEAVES INFECTED WITH GRAPEVINE LEAFROLL-ASSOCIATED VIRUS-3
N.K. BAYRAMOVA, N.F. SULTANOVA
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
Grapevine leafroll disease (GLD) is an economically important virus disease affecting grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) in almost all grape-producing areas, but little is known about its effect on metabolic constitutes of affected grapes. During growing season of 2016-2017 (June-September), surveys and phytopathological examinations were conducted in the commercial vineyards of Jalilabad and Absheron around of Baku, including the grape field of the Research Institute of Crop Husbandry of the Ministry of Agriculture. Fifty-seven suspicious grapevine (Vitis spp.) samples of various cultivars exhibiting symptoms of leaf curl, vein greening, reduced leaf size, necrosis, mosaics or yellowing with reduced fruit yield and quality were collected and tested serologically (rapid one- step assay AgriStrip, DAS-ELISA) and molecularly (RT-PCR, PCR) for the presence of the major viruses infecting these crops. According to the result of serological tests, two cultivars (Saperavi and Narchicheyi) were found infected by single infection of GLRaV-3. In RT-PCR tests 942 bp fragments corresponding to part of the GLRaV-3 viral coat protein gene were amplified using primers LR3-8504V (nts 13269 to 13288) and LR3-9445C (nts 14191 to 14210). Overall, specific amplification in RT-PCR for GLRaV-3 confirmed the presence of this pathogen. The levels of some metabolic constituents were studied comparatively in the leaves of GLRaV3-infected and non- infected grapes. In summary, GLRaV-3 infection resulted in the increase of tocopherols, soluble sugars, total phenols, soluble protein, proline and glycine betaine in infected grape varities. Accumulation of proline and GB in leaves and the increase in the quantity of low molecular weight antioxidants such as phenolic acid and tocopherols have protective effects against oxidative stress. Thus, it can be considered as an adaptive ability of various grapevine varieties against pathogen infection. In conclusion, the results of the conducted research suggest that all of the observed biochemical alterations occurring in grape plants exposed to the viral infection can be considered as plant protective response of grapevine plants to viral infection. Acknowledgement: This work was supported by the Science Development Foundation under the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan (EİF-2014-9(24)-KETPL-14/11/3-M-10) and by Presidium of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (decision № 7/3 dated on 14.03.2018). Keywords: Grapevine; virus diseases; tocopherols; soluble sugars; total phenols
55 EVALUATION OF INTRODUCED FABA BEAN ACCESSIONS IN AZERBAIJAN CONDITION
S.S. JAMIYEVA
Research Institute of Crop Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan; E-mail: [email protected]
Faba bean (Horse bean) is a valuable food and fodder plant, cultivated in ancient Egypt, Greece and Rome. There are wild species in Azerbaijan. It is very nutritious. Vicia faba L. (Faba vulgaris Moench.) is a cultivated type. Faba bean as annual plant has 5 million hectares of sowing areain the world agriculture system. The purpose of research was to test the Faba bean accessions in Azerbaijan soil-climatic conditions as an alternative source of protein, to studymorphological and economic characteristics, to create and investigate the new breeding materials on meeting the protein demand in human nutrition. In research year, introduced from ICARDA and studied in Absheron Experimental Base Station different Faba bean nurseries - FBIABN-18 I (Faba Bean Iİnternational Ascochyta Blight Nursery), FBIMHN-18 II (Faba Bean International Mechanical Harvesting Nursery), and FBICSN-18 III (Faba Bean International Сhocolate Spot Nursery) were evaluated, development stages, vegetation period and productivitywere determined. From FBIABN- 18 I nursery have been selected FLIP17-022FB, FLIP17-016FB, FLIP16-191 and FLIP16-199 variety samples and accordingly germination was at 08.04, 03.04, 07.04 and 10.04, maturity at 30.06, 29.06, 27.06 and 03.07, yield per square meter area was 378.2, 292.2, 252.8 and 209.8 grams respectively. FromFBIMHN-18 II nursery have been selected variety samples Rebeya 40, FLIP17- 022FB, FLIP17-031FB and FLIP17-029FB and accordingly germination was at 09.04, 08.04, 08.04 and 10.04, maturity at 30.06, 29.06, 27.06 and 02.07, yield per square meter area was 372.4, 321.6, 318.8 and 261.0 grams respectively. From FBICSN-18 III nursery have been selected variety samples Elizar, FLIP16-205, FLIP16-214 FLIP16-210, accordingly germination was at 08.04, 06.04, 09.04 and 08.04, maturity at 29.06, 27.06, 02.07 and 29.06, while the productivity from square meter was 335.4, 254.0, 298 and 331.8 grams respectively. Productivity of variety samples from FBIABN-18 I was changed in range of 209.8-378.2 grams, 261.0-372.4 grams in the FBIMHN -18 II and 254.0-335.4 grams in the FBICSN-18 III.
Keywords: Faba bean, variety samples, introduction, nurseries, productivity
56 MEASUREMENT OF MEMBRANE THERMOSTABILITY IN DIFFERENT WHEAT CULTIVARS EXPOSED TO HEAT STRESS
S.T. ZULFUGAROVA, S.A. OMAROVA, S.M. RUSTAMOVA
Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnologies, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
Heat stress tolerance of wheat plant is a complex phenomenon that controlled by multiple genes and generates physiological, biochemical and molecular genetic changes, including modification of membrane physical properties. Biomembranes are highly ordered and the most sensitive systems to abiotic and biotic factors. High temperature can seriously damage and kill the cell through their effect on the membrane of the cell. Membrane thermal stability (MTS) is a significant indicator of heat stress tolerance. MTS is determined by increased permeability and electrolyte leakage out of the cell. The main aim of our research is to measure MTS in the wheat plant during heat stress. Twelve wheat genotypes (Farandole, Tale-38, Tartar-2, Nurlu-99, Murov-2, Gyzyl bugda, Giymatly-2/17, Layagatli-80, Vugar, Shiraslan-23, Gobustan, Gyrmyzy gul), differing in stress tolerance, productivity and other physiological parameters, collected in the Gene Pool of the Research Institute of Crop Husbandry (Baku, Azerbaijan), were used as the research object. Plants were grown on moistered filter paper in Petri dishes at 18-200C. 7-day-old seedlings were exposed to heat shock for 5 minutes at 49-57 . In order to determine the total electrolyte leakage from the tissues, plant extracts were kept in a boiling water bath for 30 minutes. Electrolyte leakage from the leaf tissue was recorded with a conductivity meter (Horiba Scientific). Based on these indicators, was figured out the membrane damage rate(MDR). According to our calculations, the highest MDR was found in cultivars Shiraslan-23 (39.53), Nurlu-99 (34.3), Gobustan (32.5) and lowest rates were detected in Giymatly – 2/17, (0.31) Vugar (0.19) and Layagatli-80 (0.14). The value of MDR is the relative measurement of electrolyte leakage induced by high temperature; hence, it can be directly indicated membrane damage rate.
Acknowledgement: This work was supported by a grant (EIF KEPTL-2-2015-1(25)-56/35/3) of the Science Development Foundation under the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
Keywords: Wheat, heat stress, membrane damage rate (MDR), electrolyte leakage
57 IDENTIFICATION OF ROUGH DWARF, ROOT LODGING, SOUTHERN RUST, NORTHERN LEAF BLIGHT DECEASE’S GENES IN VARIETY, LOCAL AND INTRODUCTION HYBRID LINES OF MAIZE
H.R. MAMMADOVA1, R. XIANGJIING2
1 Research Institute of Crop Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture of the Azerbaijan Republic; Email: [email protected] 2 Biotechnology Laboratory Longping, People's Republic of China, Hunan province
In terms of gross yield and yield, maize ranks first in world agriculture. However, corn disease may cause significant yield loss. The task of biotechnology is to identify the presence of genes for the most dangerous diseases in common varieties and hybrids of maize and to select the most resistant varieties and hybrids, while preventing large crop losses. Especially dangerous are viral diseases of corn. Given the above reasons, we conducted studies in 98 genotypes. Analyzes were carried out in the laboratory of Longping in the People's Republic of China. The studies used SNP (single nucleotide polymorphisms) markers that are considered the more progressive type of molecular markers. For the first time in Azerbaijan, we used SNP markers in the study of diseases of maize. Researched MRDV is Rough Dwarf Disease Of Maize (marker from Chinese Agriculture University), JFB-10 is Root lodging (marker from Chinese Agriculture University), r8.63 is Southern Rust (markers from Huazhong Agriculture University), E1-F1 is Northern leaf blight marker (markers from Huazhong Agriculture University). In the course of the research, it turned out that among the 98 genotypes of the gene for is the Maize Rough Dwarf Virus (MRDV), 7 genotypes were found in them, one is the local variety Mirvari, the second local hybrid obtained during our breeding studies. Root lodging lesions initially are grayish-green and later turn gray or tan. In two genotypes, the carrier of the disease, the E1-F1 gene was found. Only two genotypes were found the carrier of the disease Northern leaf blight. Another disease that would have been investigated was the Southern rust gene carrier r8.63. The gene for this disease was not detected in any of the genotypes we studied. The results confirmed that in our 4 years of research, the selection of disease resistant maize genotypes was successful.
Keywords: Gene, maize, disease, SNPs markers
58 THE EFFECTS OF ULTRAVIOLET B RAYS ON YEAST CELLS MEMBRANE AND PEROXIDE ACTIVITY
T.A. TEYMURLU
Department of Biophysics, Baku State University; E-mail: [email protected]
All lively organisms incur the different effects of radiation, therefore it is significantly important to investigate such impacts. Recently, it has been discovered largely the influence of UV-B rays not only on lively organisms but also microorganism. The aim of reported work is to learn how the UV- B rays which wave length are among 290-320 nm influence on yeast cells` membrane and peroxide activity. Candida guilliermondii U-916 yeast cells have been used as an experiment subject. Using the method of Xemiluminessence (XL) ensure us to discover the peroxide activity of cells which undergo the radiation of UV-B rays. Research shows that the intensity of XL has been changed by dose of UV-B rays. So the samples get radiation under the small doses of UV-B rays (0.7·104 – 2.2· erg/mm2) the intensity of XL increases. To note that, on the samples which get radiation from 1.5· erg/ mm2 XL shows the big intensity than control samples, however the period of process do not change. The intensity of XL is low when we influence cells with the 4.5· erg/ mm2 dose of UV-B rays. To compare this result with the ability to live of yeast cells, we can realize that usually the damage level of cells, which is 80% than the ability of living get the maximum point in its peroxide activity. The increase of fermentative activity is related to conductivity of cell membrane. The microconciseness is playing a big role to regulate processes occurring on cell membrane. The microconciseness expresses either the structure of lipid ingredient of cell or functional diffuse situation. The lipid phase determined due to identify the structure situation of cell membrane. This method based on create eximer from fluorescent probe in the nonpolar condition. In the yeast cells` membranes which undergo the radiation of UV-B rays the level of lipids` microconciseness is changes by the quantity of dose and, increases 10% in 4,5· erg/ dose. Based on results we could assert that the processes occurring in the structure of cell membrane express the arrangement f structural-functional case.
Keywords: Yeast cells, ultraviolet-B rays, microconciseness, xemiluminessence, lipid
59 THE SUSTAINABILITY MARKERS FOR PATOGENIC VENTURIA INAEQUALIS IN LOCAL APPLE VARIETIES PRODUCED İN OUR COUNTRY
E. KHANKISHIYEVA
Research Institute of Fruit- and Tea-growing, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan; E-mail: [email protected]
The research was carried out at the Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI) Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, in Germany-Dresden, and the local apple varieties produced in our country as material of the research were taken. During the study, 25 Simple sequence repeat (SSR) and 5 Sequence Characterized Amplified Region (SCAR) markers were used to determine serum gene genes. Based on the results of the ABI fragmentation analysis, the markers of Vg15_SSR for Rvi1 gene for Rvi1 gene, OPL19SCAR for Rvi2 gene, Hi08e04 for Rvi3 gene, CH02c02a for Rvi4 gene, and CH02f06 markers for pl2_F / R and Rvi15 gene for Pl2 gene were detected in the local apple varieties. The results of the fragmenty analysis are from the local varieties Gizil Ahmedi - Vg15_SSR, OPL19SCAR, CH02c02a, Pl2_F/R, CH02f06; Eyyubi - Vg15_SSR, OPL19SCAR, Hi08e04, CH02c02a; Cir Haci - OPL19SCAR, CH02c02a, CH02fO6; Sari tursh - OPL19SCAR, CH02CO2a, CH02FO6; Noyut - Vg15_SSR, OPL19SCAR, Hi08e04; Gara tursh - OPL19SCAR, CH02c02a; Shixi cani - OPL19SCAR, CH02c02a the varieties of apples indicate that they have resistance markers for scab. Furthermore, sustainability of genotypes with resistant markers found in fragmentary analysis Chevalier et al. (1991) was evaluated based on a 4-point scale and a comparative analysis was performed. 90% of the plants were evaluated with 0 points because they did not observe symptoms of the disease. Based on the findings, it is possible to see that there is a relationship between disease resistance and resistance genes as well as the external environment and its negative effects.
Keywords: Molecular markers, Venturia inaequalis, durability
60 COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROSIS STUDIES IN LOCAL AND INTRODUCTION TOMATO VARIETIES UNDER BACTERIAL WILT CONDITION
G.A. HUSEYNZADE
Genetic Recourses Institute, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Miller) is an important fruit vegetable crop for the growers, consumers, and processing industries. There is a substantial scope in tomato for enhancing yield and bacterial wilt (is caused by the pathogen bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum) resistance, which is possible through adoption of suitable breeding procedure. The disease caused by Tomato Bacterial Wilt belongs to the most destructive diseases of tomato all over the world. Therefore, tomato has been subjected to many breeding efforts, including the incorporation of resistance to the bacteria. Recently emerged approaches, ideas and technologies could affect the future direction of the bacterial resistance breeding. Combining ability analysis is an important technique to understand the genetic potential of parents and their hybrids. For this reason, thirteen diverse varieties of tomato were crossed to study combining ability effects and heterosis for plant height, number of primary branches per plant, fruit weight, bacterial wilt incidence and yield per plant during spring and summer - season of 2015-16 at ANAS of Genetic Recourses İnstitute. The analysis of variance revealed the predominance of non-additive gene action for all the traits. In respect of both gca & sca effects, the parents and hybrids differed significantly. Among the parents, Ilkin, Masallı variety- form and Tamara were the best general combiners for yield per plant and other characters under study, and these may be used as valuable donors in the hybridization program for producing promising combinations in bacterial wilt prone areas. Among the crosses, Leyla x Zafar, Masallı variety-form x Ilkin, İrma x Wild variety form, Leyla x Varonej, Shahin x Shakar, Tamara x İlkin were the most valuable combiners for yield per plant and other characters under study could be utilized for bacterial wilt resistant breeding programs. The highest heterotic effect over better parent was also exhibited by the cross Masallı variety- form x İlkin for yield per plant and plant height under bacterial wilt condition.
Keywords: Heterosis, tomato, variety, bacterial wilt, resistance, breeding programs
61 WHEAT NEMATODES (BENT GRASS ROOT EELWORM) OF MUGHAN PLAIN OF AZERBAIJAN
G.T. HUSEYNOVA
Institute of Zoology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
Wheat is a species of herbaceous plants of cereals family. Wheat is the leading cereal crop and the main source of income for farmers of more than 80 countries. [Pask et al., 2012]. In addition, wheat is of great importance in food security and the fight against famine in the world, providing 21% of the calories consumed for more than 4.5 billion people in 94 countries [Braun et all., 2010]. Our goal is to identify nematodes affecting wheat fields. Nematodes, i.e., plant parasites have the appearance of microscopic worms that affect crops. They are known as major biotic obstacles to crop production on all continents. The investigations were carried out in Sabirabad, Saatli, Imishli cities. The collection of material was carried out in 2017-2018. The area of the investigated fields was 0.5-4 hectares, each sample was taken with GIS points. More than 11-15 samples were collected. All samples were collected according to a proper method. The selected plants were undersized, yellow, weakened (spot diameter) 3-10 m. The material collected within two years suited the spring and autumn seasons. Nematodes are isolated by using Bermann method and washing on a sieve. The material is analyzed both in the living form and in the form fixed in 4% formalin (A.Y.Riss, 2003, 2015). Several species of such nematodes as Merlinius, Cephalobidae, Ditylenchus, Paratylenchus, Aphelenchus, Rhabditidae, Pratylenchus, Aphelenchoides, Heterodera were discovered in the soils of Sabirabad, Saatli. The following nematode species have an impact on wheat production. Pratylenchus species affect the wheat in most areas of cultivation. Grass root- gall eelworm cause growth retardation, yield losses depending on soil density during sowing. Despite the large number of nematodes affecting wheat production, nematodes of Heterodera mothi species are considered serious pests. The find of Heterodera mothi was discovered in 2017 by Khan & Husain, 1965 (Tylenchida, Heteroderidae) in Azerbaijan in the valley of river Araks (A.Y. Riss, G. Kazimova and S.A. Subbotin). The mentioned find of Herodera mothi was the first for Azerbaijan and the Caucasus. In 1965, the appearance of cyst-forming nematode Heterodera mothi was reported in Iraq for the first time. The cyst morphology of females and larvae of the second stage, as well as the phylogenetic interaction of H. mothi with other species of Heterodera, analyzed on the basis of the ITS genes of ribosomal RNA and COI mitochondrial DNA, show that this species belongs to the Cyperi species group. Our researches is being continued in order to discover the plant nematodes affecting the wheat crops. The successive stages of theoretical and experimental work are also being continued within the framework of the project’s theme and goal.
Keywords: Nematodes, soil, wheat, sieve
62 EVALUATION OF BARLEY GENOTYPES FOR MATURITY, GRAIN YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS UNDER DIFFERENT SOIL-CLIMATIC CONDITIONS
A.M. LABAZANOVA, Z.A.GARIBOV
Research Institut of Crop Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan; E-mail: [email protected]
Barley is, widely spread cereal which is in the second place after wheat for its seeding field. If the seeding field was 160-170 thousand hectares in 1980-years, now his number has approximately increased twice and reached 344 thousand hectares. In the period of investigation the growing of barley in condition of stress factors and changing of its morphological features have been assested. As the object of investigation the variety sampless of barley growing early and late have been taken and the have been learned in the salted lands, in candition of dry ferming. In 2016-2017 investigation years in Absheron additional investigation field, the variety sampless of 683 barley and varieties have been selected. These sampless have been local and ICARDA origin. Nearly 60 early growing and late growing sampless among these variety sampless together with, eleven local barley variety have been investigated in Kurdamir Region Experental Station, Qobustan and Calilabad Region Experental Station. The investigation in carried in the areas which has been undergone saltness and provided with little rain, in the direction of investigating of growing potentials of high productive barley varieties which have earlygrowing complex agriculture features and in the direction of establishing beginning materials and perspective forms for practical use in selection with participartion of genotypes that have earlygrowing genes. In the period of investigation the barley variety sampless of local and foreign orign have been investigated for their different agricultural features and productivity and their perspective forms have for their early maturity it has been possible to choose ultra early mature forms which are grown. 17-29 day earlier than the standart (Calilabad 19) the period vegetation has been 183 day (Alanda/Regina ICB06- 1821-0AP-0AP, Sararood/3/YEA 475-4//Victoria/10/Excelle// CWB 117-779 -7/SIS/ 9/38 P 18/8/1/10 ICB06-2158-0AP-6AP).
Keywords: Barley, earlygrowing, lategrowing, genotips, stress factor
63 SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE ACTIVITY IN MESOPHYLL AND BUNDLE SHEATH CELLS OF MAIZE UNDER SALT STRESS
N.KH. ALIYEVA
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
Soil salinization is a major agro-ecological problem which limits crop yields in coastal, arid and semi-arid areas. Maize (Zea mays L.) is the second richest grain grown for human consumption, and many cultures around the world live on this grain. In maize the structure of bundle sheath cell (BS) chloroplasts is less subject to salinity stress than that of mesophyll cell (M) chloroplasts. Electronic - transmission microscopic observation showed that the localization of O2 was found in both chloroplasts with salinity, but accumulation was much more in the chloroplasts MC. In isolated chloroplasts of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) has been increased due to salinity. A cultivar of Maize (Zea mays L.) named Zaqatala-420 was used as an object of research. The plants were grown under the controlled condition (photoperiod – 14/10 hours, t-260C/140C and the light intensity – 3000 lux). It was used 28-days – old seedlings of maize. The plants were subjected to salinity by daily adding 200ml of 3% NaCl solution into the soil at around 13:00 h for 5 days after fourth leaf blades were fully developed. SOD (EC 1.15.1.1) activity was measured according to the method of Beyer and Fridovich. The reaction mixture contained 50 mM K-phosphate (pH 7.8), 13 mM methionine, 75 µM NBT, 0.1 mM Na2EDTA, 50 mM Na2CO3, 0,025% (w/v) Triton X-100, 2µM riboflavin and the chloroplast suspension. The absorbance of the reaction mixture was measured at 560 nm with the spectrophotometer. During the investigation of the photosynthetic pigments it was determined that the amount of Chl a was higher in the bundle sheath choloplasts cell than the mesophyll one and respectively was 0.36 µmol/ml in the bundle sheath and 0.201 µmol/ml in the mesophyll chloroplasts. On the contrary, the amount of Chl b was higher in the mesophyll cells than the chloroplasts of the bundle sheath cells. However, the ratio of Chl a/b has a higher value in bundle sheath chloroplasts of maize than mesophyll cells. Thus, the ratio was 6.2 in the agranal BS chloroplasts and 3.14 in the granal M cells. The level of SOD activity was comparable between MC and BSC chloroplasts regardless of control or salt-treated plants. SOD activity increased about 2.5-fold by salinity in both chloroplasts.
Keywords: Superoxide dismutase, activity, photosynthetic pigments, chloroplasts, mesophyll
64 THE CHANGES OF STRUCTURE-FUNCTIONAL STATE OF PLASMA MEMBRANE IN NITELLOPSIS OBTUSA UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF DIMETHYLSULFOXIDE
Sh.S. MAHMUDOVA1, S.Y. OJAGVERDIYEVA2, P.F. ALIYEVA2
1 Institute of Botany, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected] 2 Baku State University; E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
The work has been devoted to solving the problem of regulation of ion transport through the cell membrane. The purpose of this work has been to compare the patterns of changes in the electrogenic activity, conductivity, and capacity of the plasma membrane of Nitellopsis obtus cells under the influence of DMSO. The studies were carried out using impedance spectroscopy based on using of microelectrode techniques. The change regularity of potential (φm), resistance (Rm) and capacity (Cm) of the plasma membrane (PM) in Nitellopsis obtusa cells under the influence of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) have been studied. The investigated cells have φm=-171 3 mV, 2 -2 Rm=3,8 1,6 Om·m , Cm=0,92 0,04 mkF·sm in the standard environmental conditions. The threshold concentration of DMSO 1 % caused the depolarization of the PM to 20-25mV and increase Cm to 22-26% in the Rm constant. The effective influence of DMSO concentration 1 % depolarizated PM to the level of -110mV. At first Rm decreased 40%, then occurs its restoration. The final stationary level of Rm was 20% higher than initial one. The value of PM depolarization depended on initial level of φm and the concentration of DMSO in the medium. In that case Cm only increased and its total value was 45% compared with the initial value. The influence of exceeding concentrations of DMSO was irreversible. At that work the effects of the solvent are discussed from the point of its influence on the structure state of lipid phase and the transport communications of PM. As resulted from the studies, it has been concluded that dimethyl sulphate can be used as an effective regulator of the transport functions of biological membranes; there is a correlation between functional activity and structural lability of the lipid phase of cell membranes; The primary step in the dimethyl sulphoxide influence on cell membranes is the change in their electrical capacity.
Keywords: Plasma membrane, dimethylsulfoxide, potential, resistance, membrane capacity
65 RESISTANCE WHEAT SAMPLES TO YELLOW AND LEAF RUSTS IN ABSHERON CONDITIONS
R.R. ASGERLI, S.T. HAJIYEVA, S.C. VALIYEVA
Research Institute of Crop Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan; E- mail: [email protected]
In creation of new varieties, initial material is of great importance. In Absheron conditions the basic fungal diseases of bread and durum wheat are yellow (Puccinia striformis) and leaf rust (Puccinia recondito).Usually first infects the lives of the bottom part and gradual passing to upper leaves therefore the normal development and growth of plants broke down, that results to decrease of yield. In control of these diseases one of basic way is the creation of new resistant to these diseases varieties. For revealing of resistant samples of wheat in irrigated conditions, the researches were carried out in Absheron EBS RI of Agriculture. In 2016-2017 more than 957 samples of a different origin where investigated. Many samples from these materials were mid heighten and dwarfish. By results of the carried out researches we grouped samples of durum and bread wheat on infection by yellow and leaf rust. In 2016, 400 samples of bread wheat were affected 8.7% by yellow rust and 91.3% were moderate and highly resistant. Infection by the leaf rust marked at 37.3% of samples moderate and highly resistant were – 62.5%. Among 93 samples of durum wheat 2.1 were affected, by yellow 2.1% by leaf rust, and 97/9% were resistant to yellow, and leaf rust. In 2017, 259 samples of bread wheat were affected 4/2% by yellow rust and 95.8% were moderate and highly resistant. Infection by the leaf rust marked at 8.5% of samples moderate and highly resistant were- 91.5%. Among 205 samples of durum wheat 13.2 were affected, by yellow 3.4% by leaf rust, and 86.8% were resistant to yellow, and 96.6% leaf rust. Thus by results of researches are revealed resistant to yellow and leaf rust local introduced samples of bread and durum wheat. New resistant samples will be used in breeding as the parental forms at crossing for creation of new varieties.
Keywords: Bread wheat, durum wheat, resistant, breeding
66 INFLUENCE OF CULTIVATION METHODS ON AGROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL IN SHORT-TERM CROP ROTATION IN DRYLAND CONDITION OF SOUTHERN MUGHAN
H.M. FEYZULLAYEV
Research Institute of Crop Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan; E-mail: [email protected]
The soil is a main factor that realize of labor process as the main means of production in agriculture. Hovewer, when this process is not organized properly it may cause soil degradation and water, air, heat and nutritive regimes is violated in the soil. Therefore, during the usage of soil in planting, choosing the right method of cultivation is an important issue. The determination of cultivation method depending on soil and climatic conditions, the biological characteristics of cultivated essential and predefined plants and other factors. It is not possible to provide of obtaining of high quality product and protection of fertility by changing of physical characteristics of soil with cultivation methods. The short-term crop rotation may provide of obtaining of high quality product from single planting area of various agricultural plants, improvement of physical, chemical and biological condition on soil. During the application of scientifically grounded crop rotation there should be selected certain plants suitable for agro-ecological conditions and placed in appropriate sequence in crop rotation depending on their biological characteristics. The research is conducted since starting from 2017-2018 vegetation year on gray-brown (chestnut) soils in dryland condition Southern Mughan (Jalilabad region) by the application of various cultivation methods and mineral fertilizers in short-term crop rotation. The object is that to study the effect of short-term crop rotation to elements of fertility, as well as agrophysical and agrochemical characteristics of soil, productivity and quality of plants. In practice consisting of four fields (black fallow-wheat-pea- barley) crop rotation there is applied ordinary tillage (20-22 cm) on the background of various doses of mineral fertilizers and minimal cultivation (10-12 cm) methods. The results of analysis of preliminary structure-aggregate composition of soil samples taken from tillage and under tillage layers before practice indicated structural coefficient 1.9, higher than 10 mm and smaller than 0.25 mm structural aggregates in 0-25 cm layer of soil accordingly 31.0% and 3.4%, 2.0, 30.0% and 3.3% accordingly in 25-50 cm layer. The amount of water-stable aggregates higher than 0.25 mm in tillage and under tillage layers accordingly was 42.3 and 57.6%, accordingly in those layers higher than 3 mm and smaller than 0.25 mm was 2.0 and 0.6%, 57.7 and 42.4 %. The soil density, volumetric moisture content and porosity accordingly was 1.43 q/cm3, 30.9%, 46.0% and 1.54 g/cm3, 31.6%, 41.9% in tillage and under tillage layers. In the first year of rotation to the end of vegetation the agrophysical properties of soil and structure-aggregate composition having certain dynamics as a result of various factors changed in other direction.
Keywords: Crop rotation, tillage method, structure-aggregate composition, agrophysical properties
67 EFFICIENCY OF FUNGICIDES AGAINST YELLOW-SPOT DISEASE (PYRENOPHORA TRITICI REPENTIS DIED.) OF WHEAT IN SEED-GROWING
Sh.F. SADIGOV
Research Institute of Crop Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan; E- mail: [email protected]
As in the previous years, this year (2018) meteorological factors have been favorable for the development of the disease causative (P.tritici repentis) leading to serious problems in all regions of our republic. Selection of local varieties tolerant to diseases and using fungicides to prevent economical loss are of great importance. Although local varieties Tale 38 and Parvin are not tolerant against diseases they can be considered as tolerant in the view of the immunological reaction. Tolerant varieties such as Aran, Layagatli 80, Shafag 2, Matin, Murov 2, Proton should bu used. All the varieties of Russian origin are usually sensitive to this disease. The use of leaf fungicides can prevent production loss in large grain farms where the Russian varieties are preferred. The experiments have been carried out at Gilan Dairy Farms MMC in the Gabala region where the disease spread widely. Spraying with fungicides was performed 1 and 2 times. Grain yield in the field without fungicides was 40%, and in the field twice treated with fungicides was 67%. Prolonged defense against the disease was achieved when fungicide containing epoxiconazole-propiconazole (30%) was used. According to the obtained results, the proper selection of the variety and the use of fungicides can increase productivity by 15-40% in the regions where the disease spread widely. It was found that as pesticides to be used have a complex fungicide content the amount of their effective substance is about 50% per hectare. Completed products (epoksikonazol+propikanazol, epoxiconazole-cyproconazole epoxiconazole +tiophanate methyl) of the Basf, Syngenta, Avgust companies are available. One of the advantages is the elimination of the risk of recurring disease. Because fungicides having the system composition can protect plants from parasites for 15-30 days. According to the results of the experiments, the use of fungicides are inevitable at high levels of the infection.
Keywords: Wheat, fungisid, selection, yellow-spot disease, grain yield
Acknowledgement: This work was supported by the Science Development Foundation under the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan-Grant (EİF/GAM-3-2014-6(21)-24/18/3)
68 INCIDENCE OF ‘BOIS NOIR’ DISEASE IN DIFFERENT REGIONS OF AZERBAIJAN
A.M. MADADLI1, R.M. MAMMADOVA 1, A.E. HUSEYNOVA 1,2, G.SH. BALAKISHIYEVA 1
1 Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies; Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected] 2 Baku State University
Bois noir (BN) disease is one of the major devastating GY in Euro-Mediterranean area. The causal agent of BN is ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’. The aim of this study was to survey the occurrence and incidence of BN disease in the main grape-growing regions of Azerbaijan, such as, Guba, Jalilabad, Masalli and Shamakhi. During multiple surveys were collected leaf samples from red grapevine cultivars displaying symptoms reminiscent of phytoplasma infections, such as plant decline, leaf reddening, leaf rolling, shrivelling of grapes and incomplete lignification of canes. The disease incidence ranged from 15 to 57% depending on the grapevine cultivars and the location. The diseased cultivars appeared very sensitive to the disease as the severity, i.e. the proportion of canes displaying BN symptoms on a diseased plant, ranged from 50 to 100%. Total DNAs were extracted following CTAB extraction protocol (Maixner et al., 1995). Detection of phytoplasmas performed by 16S-rDNA nested PCR with the universal primers R16mF2/R16mR1 and R16F2n/ R16R2 (Gundersen and Lee, 1996). Results of Nested PCR analysis showed that tested symptomatic red-berried grapevine cultivars infected by phytoplasmas. RFLP analysis with enzymes AluI and TaqI for identification of detected grapevine phytoplasmas, revealed that symptomatic grapevines were infected by ‘Ca. P. solani’ (16SrXII group). The results of this study indicate that the ‘Ca. P. solani’ is the important pathogen associated with the BN of grapevines in Guba, Jalilabad, Masalli and Shamakhi regions of Azerbaijan. The results obtained from this study could be useful for the development and application of both better and more specific control strategies of ‘Ca. P. solani’.
References Gundersen D.E., Lee I.-M. (1996) Phytopathol Mediterr., 35: 144-151 Maixner M., Ahrens U., Seemuller E. (1995) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 101: 241-250.
Keywords: ‘Ca. Phytoplasma solani’, ‘Bois noir’, disease incidence, leaf reddening, leaf rolling, incomplete lignification
Acknowledgement: This work was supported by the Science Development Foundation under the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Grant № EİF-Mob-8-2017-4(30)).
69 EFFECT OF LIGHT INTENSITY ON MORPHOGENESIS OF THE SHIRVAN-SHAHI GRAPE VARIETY DURING IN VITRO CULTIVATION
E.E. SADIGOVA
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies, Azerbaijan National Academy Sciences; E-mail: Azerbaijan [email protected]
Microclonal propagation – asexual, mass propagation of the plant, identical to the initial material under in vitro conditions - is one of the main directions of plant biotechnology. Microclonal propagation under in vitro conditions is efficient for maintaining the plant genetic stability. This direction is of great importance for the reproduction of rare and endangered plants and restoration of their genefund. The object of the study-Shirvan Shahi grape variety - is one of the valuable Azerbaijani varieties having the greatest medical, technical and economical importance in the world. This species was cultivated in the Kurdemir region according to the "Khiyabani" method using the wild form grown in the East Tugay forests. At the beginning of the XX century the sowing area of Shirvan-Shahi was more than 500 ha in the Kurdemir region of Azerbaijan. However, nowadays the population of the Shirvan-Shahi variety has been almost completely destroyed. In vitro microclonal propagation was carried out to save and preserve the genefund of the ancient, aboriginal Shirvan-Shahi grape variety. The results of the in vivo experiments allowed establishing production of the Shirvan-Shahi grape variety to recover its population. The competency of hormonal indicators of morphogenesis, physiologically active compounds and the mineral composition of the nutritional medium has been evaluated for in vitro morphogenic processes occurring in the Shirvan-Shahi grape variety. Antibiotic groups were tested, screening was performed and concentration gradient was determined to decrease the colonization of the grape plants by endogenous microflora. The experiments were conducted to study the effect of light intensity on in vitro morphogenesis. The effects of light intensity in the range of 1,300- 8,000 lux and changes in concentrations of nutritional medium components on plant in vitro development have been investigated. According to the results of the study light intensity has a significant impact on the morphogenetic capability of the Shirvan-Shahi grape variety during in vitro cultivation and the optimum light intensity was found to be 3,000-4,000 lux. This can be attributed to the genetic determination ability and historical cultivation of the variety using the “Khiyabani” method.
Keywords: Shirvan Shahi, light intensity, in vitro
70 CALLUS FORMATION DEGREE AND MORPHOGENETIC ABILITY OF THE ISOLATED WHEAT CULTURE AS A CRITERIUM OF THE GENOTYPE SELECTION FOR STUDYING IN VITRO EPIGENETIC CHANGES
G. ISMAYILOVA
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
A plant propagated vegetatively in a tissue culture can differ from parent plants. Changes occurring in this case can be considered as epigenetic and genetic. Genetic changes are known to be the traits preserved or inherited as a result of mutation, which are manifested genotipically or phenotipically in each generation. However, there are recent reports on non-inherited traits or the facts that the appeared traits do not cause any changes in genome. The new research area studying these processes is epigenetics. It is known that epigenetic changes allow adapting to the fast-changing environment, and they are of great importance for the natural selection and other evolutionary processes. Although the plant renewal ability from in vitro cultures of cells, tissues or organs had been known for a long time, the transformation of a somatic cell to a plant was a great issue for 25 years. In spite of the extensive epigenetic investigations performed in the world, epigenetic changes at the level of tissue culture under in vitro conditions have been studied in Azerbaijan for the first time. Wheat was chosen as the study object because of the great demand for this plant and its convenience for the research. Local and foreign wheat genotypes (durum and bread) were chosen. Degree of callus formation and morphogenetic ability of these plants were evaluated. The primary stage of callus formation and the following processes were registered in the initial explants cultivated in the Murashige-Skoog nutritional medium. Subcultivation of the callus culture is necessary to prevent the deficiency of nutritional compounds. Plants differ in their callus formation ability and morphogene areas. These indices are especially low in foreign wheat varieties. The main issues are the increase in the callus mass and proliferation intensity during dedifferentiation in the following passages and choosing callus mass having morphogenic areas. Areas of the callus culture having morphogenetic ability will be used in the following passages for obtaining regenerate plants.
Keywords: Epigenetics, in vitro, callus formation, morphogenesis
71 IN VITRO STUDY OF REGENERATION POTENTIAL OF SOME CROP VARIETIES DEVELOPED BY AZERBAIJAN BREEDERS
P.I. GАMBАROVA
Azerbaijan State Agrarian University; E-mail: [email protected]
Scientists explain the reason of the variability in crop yields in the changing climatic conditions, which are particularly noticeable in recent years. Most of the area of Azerbaijan where crops are grown, suffers from drought. The same varieties of grain crops, including barley are grown under conditions of different types of regional droughts. Therefore, the problem of creating varieties adapted to a particular cultivation region and producing invariable high yields remains topical. In vitro methods can be used to solve this problem. One of the most important conditions while conducting research by the use of in vitro technology is the provision of intensive and stable regeneration of plants. To this end we studied the regeneration potential of 5 varieties of barley. The immature embryos of modern varieties of barley Baharly, Dayanatly, Gudratly-48, Jalilabad-19 and Nakhchivandany were introduced into in vitro culture. Explants isolated from grains were sterilized for 5 minutes in 70% ethanol and 18 minutes in 1% chlorhexidine. After changing the sterilizer, the explants were washed 3-4 times with distilled water (for 1 minute in each shift). After sterilization, the embryos were planted on Gamborg B5 medium with the addition of 2 mg/l of 2.4-D and 0.1 mg/l of kinetin. Samples were cultivated in dark at a temperature of 26°C. Observations revealed that reaction of the embryos of the studied varieties to the same cultivation conditions was different both in induction of callusogenesis and in induction of morphogenesis. Thus, compared with varieties Gudratly-48, Dayanatly, Jalilabad-19 and Baharly, the embryos of Nakhchivandeny variety were distinguished by the lowest aptitude for calususogenesis. However, the received callus was morphogenic, and the regeneration potential of this variety was almost on par with Dayanatly variety. The varieties of Baharly and Jalilabad-19 showed the opposite pattern. Namely, in the experimental conditions adopted as the basis, despite the formation of numerous foci of meristematic cells, regeneration potential of these varieties was significantly lower. In this experiment, the highest regeneration potential was observed in Gudratly-48 variety.
Keywords: Barley, immature embryo, callus, regeneration potential
72 INHIBITION OF GLUTAMATE RACEMASE FROM BURKHOLDERIA CENOCEPACIA J2315 BY TWO ZN (II) AND MN (III) 1,3,5-TRIAZAPENTA- DIENATE METAL COMPLEXES
A.A. ISRAYILOVA
Department of Microbiology, Baku State University; E-mail: [email protected]
One group of bacteria that causes life-threatening infections in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) people belongs to the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc), and is responsible for the “Cepacia Syndrome” which leads to a rapid deterioration of lung function and affects the life expectancy of CF patients. The treatment of patients with Bcc is particularly difficult because of flexible genome structure and diverse metabolic activity: bacteria can produce a wide variety of potential virulence factors and exhibit innate or acquired resistance to many commonly used antibiotics and disinfectants. Consequently, nowadays the discovery of new compounds able to inhibit the growth of B. cenocepacia, as well as new potential drug targets, is considered one of the most prominent problems. In this context, glutamate racemase (GR, EC 5.1.1.3), an essential enzyme which is absent in humans, is a good candidate target. Glutamate racemase, an essential enzyme for the biosynthesis of the bacterial cell wall, is an excellent candidate target for the design of new antibacterial drugs. To this aim, we recombinantly produced and characterized glutamate racemase (BcGR) from Burkholderia cenocepacia J2315. From the screening of an in-house library of compounds, two Zn (II) and Mn (III) 1,3,5-triazapentadienate complexes were found to efficiently inhibit the glutamate racemase activity with IC50 values of 35.3 and 10.0 μM, respectively. Using multiple biochemical approaches, the metal complexes have been shown to affect the enzyme activity by binding to the enzyme-substrate complex and promoting the formation of an inhibited dimeric form of the enzyme. Our results corroborate the value of glutamate racemase as a good target for the development of novel inhibitors against Burkholderia. In conclusion, the newly identified metal ion-containing compounds inhibit BcGR by modulating the oligomerization state of enzyme:substrate:inhibitor triple complexes, offering an attractive novel strategy to target BcGR enzyme function, possibly overcoming some of the difficulties associated to the treatment of bacterial infections
Keywords: Glutamate racemase, drug target, enzyme inhibition
73 OPTIMIZATION OF THE NUTRITIONAL MEDIUM DURING MICROCLONAL PROPAGATION OF THE SHIRVAN-SHAHI GRAPE VARIETY
A. ABDULLAYEVA
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
The only homeland of the "Shirvan-Shahi" grape variety, which astonished even the French, is the Kurdamir region of Azerbaijan. Local entrepreneurs have shown great interest in "Shirvan-Shahi", which is almost forgotten. Because this technical grape variety has 2 times higher sugar levels compared with other varieties. Sometimes sugar levels in this variety reach 32-34%. After the complete maturation, sugar accumulation in fruit is estimated to be 27-33 g/100 cm3 . The "Shirvan- Shahi" population was completely destroyed in 1985. Nowadays, the grape plantation area has reached 600 ha. However, it is not sufficient for the recovery of the population of this plant. Being one of the methods of plant biotechnology, in vivo microclonal propagation is the only method for the recovery of the population and genefund of this variety. The coefficient of micropropagation is several times more than that of vegetative propagation. This method accelerates the selection process and reduces the period of the obtaining production from 10-12 years to 2-5 years. Moreover, when plants are grown in tissue culture they become free from pathogenic microorganisms and viruses, which significantly enhances productivity. At various developmental stages, plant genotypes manifest different reactions to the standard medium. Therefore, we aimed at the optimization of the nutritional medium used for propagation of valuable, aboriginal grape variety "Shirvan-Shahi". The effects of various standard nutritional mediums on the development of the "Shirvan-Shahi" grape variety were tested. Positive results were obtained with the Murashige- Skoog nutritional medium. Changes in the composition of the nutritional medium have effects on the development of the grape variety. More changes in the plant development were caused by increasing amounts of vitamins and decreasing concentrations of mineral components in the nutritional medium at the beginning of the cultivation. The obtained data suggest the necessity of the optimization of the nutritional medium.
Keywords: Murashige-Skoog, optimization, "Shirvan-Shahi"
74 CHANGES OF THE ACTIVITY OF CATALASE AND ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE IN JUICE FROM POMEGRANATE (PUNICA GRANATUM L. (PUNICACEAE) DURING RIPENING
A.D. HAJIYEVA, S.N. OMAROVA
Baku State University; E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
Pomegranate is an important source of bioactive compounds and has been used for folk medicine for many centuries. In our country, pomegranate (Punica granatum L. (Punicaceae)) is widely used as a phytotherapeutic agent. The benefits of pomegranate juice are directly related to the characteristics of the biochemical composition, in particular, the presence of components of the antioxidant system in the juice. Antioxidant enzymes, including catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and other enzymes, form the first line of defence against free radicals, therefore their regulation depends mainly upon the oxidant status of the cell. The pomegranate fruits are not only sources of various biologically active substances, such as, various flavonoids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, and carotenoids, but also enzymes that can neutralize reactive oxygen species formed in the human body under the influence of physical and chemical agents. If the biochemical composition of pomegranate juice is studied sufficiently well, the activity of the main enzymes of the antioxidant system is practically not studied. The purpose of this experimental work is to determine the activity of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase in the juice of pomegranate fruits. To determine the activity of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase, an extracting medium was used, which contained: 50 mM K-phosphate buffer (pH 7.5), 1 mM EDTA, 0.3% Triton X-100, 1 mM ascorbic acid. For catalase (EC 1.11.1.6), the reaction medium contained: 100 mM K-phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) and 15 mM H2O2. The reaction was started by adding H2O2. The change in optical density was carried out at 240 nm and the CAT activity was calculated using the extinction coefficient ε = 0.036. Ascorbate peroxidase activity (APO, EC 1.11.1.11) was determined in the medium of the following composition: 50 mM K-phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), 0.5 mM ascorbate, 0.2 mM H2O2. The reaction was started by adding the homogenate. The change in optical density was monitored at 290 nm. The enzyme activity was calculated using the extinction coefficient ε=2.8. It was found that the activity of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase were increased approximately 35% and 58%, respectively. The results show that the ripening accompanied by the increasing of the activity such enzymes of antioxidant system as catalase and ascorbate peroxidase.
Keywords: Antioxidant system, pomegranate, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase
75 DEPENDENCE OF THE REGENERATION POTENTIAL OF AN ISOLATED CULTURE OF IMMATURE EMBRYO OF WHEAT IN VITRO FROM THE GENOTYPE.
F.A. ALISOY
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
The isolated tissue and cell culture method allows the study of mechanisms that regulates its metabolism at different stages of cell development. Cultivated cells and plant tissues are a plastic system with the ability to change the speed of proliferation, metabolic intensity, differentiation processes as a result of certain influences. This property allows the selection of conditions for the maximum realization of the morphogenic potential of the cultivated object. However, prolonged cultivation of isolated cells and tissues under conditions of cell selection or other technology significantly reduces their morphogenetic ability. Therefore, the search for genotypes with high embryogenic status and ways to activate somatic embryogenesis is still a relevant task. The effectiveness of work on plant biotechnology related to the processes of organogenesis and regeneration of plants after multiple subcultures depends on the solution for the mentioned task. The ability to form somatic embryoids in plants is considered mainly as a property of the genotype and therefore, in each case, it is necessary to determine the embryogenic status of the studied genotypes. The main purpose of the research was the culturing of various wheat genotypes in vitro, induction of morphogenesis of achieved cultures, and the study of dependency of the culturesʹ morphogenetic properties and their ability of regeneration on the genotypes. The research material comprised of 8 local wheat varieties. It was established that the induction of callus formation is highly dependent on the concentration of plant genotype and phytohormones rather than the environment. Callus tissues that were attained based on different genotypes have been cultivated for 1-2 months, allowed to avoid spontaneous induction of spontaneous morphogenesis observed in some genotypes. The ongoing cultivation process compromising the selection of morphogen and non-morphogen calluses allowed studying the regenerative abilities of embryogenic calluses. Morphogen calluses unlike non-morphogen calluses produced indiscernible saplings under light conditions. The ability of morphogenic induction of callus varied between genotypes. This affirms that the morphogenetic abilities of callus cultures are determined genetically. Plant regenerates were obtained in 3 of the genotypes used during the experiments. The start of the regeneration differed among the genotypes.
Keywords: Wheat, somatic embryogenesis, in vitro, regeneration, plant regenerates
76 DISADVANTAGES OF THE CRISPR-CAS GENOME EDITING SYSTEM
A.U. SHAHVERANOV
Genetic Resources Institute, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E- mail: [email protected]
CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) genes are very significant for effective immunity in different bacteria and archaea that protect the microorganisms such as bacteria to the react to viruses and dispose of foreign harmful genetic substances. The rapid progress in developing CRISPR-Cas9 into a set of tools for cell and molecular biology research has been remarkable, likely due to the simplicity, high efficiency and versatility of the system. Of the designer nuclease systems currently available for precision genome engineering, the CRISPR-Cas system is by far the most user friendly. It is now also clear that Cas9 potential reaches beyond DNA cleavage, and its usefulness for genome locus-specific recruitment of proteins will likely only be limited by our imagination. The exploration of Cas9 associated genetic alterations has been limited to the immediate vicinity of the target site and distal off-target sequences, leading to the conclusion that CRISPR-Cas9 was reasonably specific. The significant on-target mutagenesis, such as large deletions and more complex genomic rearrangements at the targeted sites in mouse embryonic stem cells, mouse hematopoietic progenitors and a human differentiated cell line are reported. Using long-read sequencing and long-range PCR genotyping, we show that DNA breaks introduced by single-guide RNA/Cas9 frequently resolved into deletions extending over many kilobases. Furthermore, lesions distal to the cut site and crossover events were identified. The observed genomic damage in mitotically active cells caused by CRISPR-Cas9 editing may have pathogenic consequences. (Nature Biotechnology volume 36, pages 765–771 (2018). Disadvantages of CRISPR-Cas system such as off-targets and secondary mutations should be considered in further investigations.
Keywords: Genome editing, CRISPR, Cas, off-target, DNA breaks
77 GLIADIN PROTEIN MARKERS AND QUALITY INDICATORS OF BREAD WHEAT (T. AESTIVUM L.) GENOTYPES
A.Y. KARIMOV
Genetic Resources Institute, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E- mail: [email protected]
Study and conservation of the diversity of plant genetic resources is vital at a time of acute climate change. Study of the polymorphism of protein genetic markers in obtaining data about genotype is one of the key aspects. In reseasrch, the results of the study of technological parameters of 55 bread wheat samples were investigated. The main objective was to determine which gliadin blocks of allel components are carried by genotypes with high quality indicators. In the electrophoretic analysis carried out by A-PAGE method, allel components blocks of in 7 gliadincoding locus of local bread wheat samples were investigated. Thus, the genetic identification of the investigated samples was carried out on a standard catalog (Bezostaya 1) according to Gld 1A, Gld 1B, Gld 1D, Gld 6A, Gld 6B and Gld 6D locus as a result of the electrophoretic analysis, in v.milturum diversity Gld 1A1, Gld 1B20, Gld 1D1 and Gld 6D9 gliadine allel blocks as well as the Gld 6A17Y new gliadin allel components block have been identified. In this sample, 1000 kernel weight was 45.6 gram, grain vitreousity was 70.0%, gluten content was 37.3%, GDC 80.0 units and sedimentation were 42.0 ml and with these indicators this accesion was more superior than Aran variety. In v.barbarossa, identification of known blocks Gld 1A4, Gld 1D6, Gld 6D4 and Gld 1B28Y new gliadin allel component block were identified. The sample grain vitreousity was 60.0%, gluten content 31.8% and 1000 kernel weight was 62.0 grams. It was superior to all the samples. In bread wheat v.hostianum Gld 1A4, Gld 1B18, Gld 1D6 and Gld 6D9 gliadin allel components have been determined. In this genotype 1000 kernel weight was 43.6 grams, grain vitreousity was 70.0%, gluten content was 34.9%, and was GDC 85.0 units and sedimentation was 40.0 ml. The Gld 1A4 allel component block of the gliadincoding locus differs from the other allel blocks with the frequency of the occurrence, at the same time the baking and other quality indicators of the plants of the same block were high.
Keywords: Bread wheat, quality, gliadin, allel components block, identification
78 CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF HYBRIDS BETWEEN BREAD WHEAT AND HEXAPLOID AEGILOPS L. SPECIES
L.H. NAMAZOVA
Genetic Resources Institute, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
The main way to transfer advantage traits of Aegilops L. is intergeneric hybridization. In our study we used the hexaploid wheat lines – 171ACS and 172ACS (AABBDD, 2n=6x=42), and Aegilops species – Ae. juvenalis (DDMjMjUU), Ae. vavilovii (DDMcrMcrSlSl) and Ae. trivialis (DDD2D2McrMcr). The fertility of hybrid combination of Ae. juvenalis of Uzbekistan origin with a line 171ACS was 32% (16 seeds). Seed germination ability was 100% and they gave normal F1 plants. As for the next combinations, the seed setting of Ae. juvenalis (Greek accession) × 172ACS was 36.7% (22 seeds). The germination rate for this combination was 31.8% (7 seedlings) and they gave F1 plants. Out of three hybrid combinations of 172 ACS line and Ae. vavilovii one was sterile. Seed settings of remain combinations were 1.3 and 2.5%. Although one hybrid seed from both combinations was germinated, they could not complete their vegetation period and destroyed. The fertility of hybrid combination between a line 171ACS and two Afghanistan accessions of Ae. trivialis (k-1003 and k-1012) was 6.58 and 6.48%, respectively. Five hybrid seeds obtained from first fertile combination had high germination ability and each of them gave normal hexaploid F1 plants. During the meiosis process, the amount of ring and rod bivalents was about 1.94 and 3.14 for each PMCs. Moreover, 0.11 trivalent configuration was also noted for this F1 hybrid. A large quantity of univalents (31.5) and low chiazma frequency (6.31) were resulted in low chromosome pairing. For the second combination, four F1 plants obtained from 7 hybrid seeds. In meiosis of hexaploid hybrid plants the amount of ring and rod bivalents were 0.86 and 4.00 for each PMCs. A number of univalents, trivalents, and chiazma frequency were 31.60, 0.22, and 6.17, respectively. The total amount of bivalents was 7 as a result of shairing the same D genome by the parental plants. Both of hybrids gave F2 plants. To conclude, our experiments showed that the existence of homoeologous genomes in the parents does not always provide the fertility of the F1 hybrids.
Keywords: Aegilops L., intergeneric hybridization, meiosis
79 POLYMORPHISMS OF HORDEIN STORAGE PROTEIN IN AZERBAIJANIAN BARLEY ACCESSIONS
M.M. SERPOUSH1, J.M. OJAGHI1, S.C. SALAYEVA2
1Department of Biological Science, Khazar University; E-mail: [email protected] 2Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Theory, Baku State University
According to population growth, climate change, water scarcity, and soil degradation it is essential to find a way to increase crop products. Genetic diversity is the key to finding new resources to renew our gene banks and obtaining efficient crops. Wild-type can be used in the breeding program to enhance resistance genotype to pathogens, drought and salinity. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is used as livestock feed, malt, and human food. In 2016, barley yield for Azerbaijan was 26,157 kg per ha. As Azerbaijan located in a specific area near the Caspian Sea and Ararat mountains, it provides a novel research opportunity to study local barley genotypes. Hordein is the main storage protein in most of the crops which contain proline and glutamine. To study Hordein polymorphism in Azerbaijan, we used 20 wild and cultivar genotypes from National GenBank of Genetic Resources Institute of ANAS. Separation of hordein bands with the Acid-PAGE method were performed on all genotypes, using the Zillman and Bushuk method modified by Poperelya. The major B-hordeins is rich in glutamine and C-hordeins is rich in glutamine, proline, and phenylalanine. We studied allele diversity in polymorphic loci Hordein-B and Hordein-C zones. The results of hordein polymorphisms showed high genetic diversity between Azerbaijan wild and cultivated barley accessions. Regarding to hordeins that are more powerful in identifying samples, in addition to the low cost of conducting the analysis, it can be used in a variety of genetic studies such as genetic diversity assessment, identifying genotypes and determining the phylogenic relations between wild and cultivated barley accessions.
Keywords: Barley, C-hordeins, yield, storage protein
80 MOLECULAR-GENETIC STUDY OF MCM6 GENE
N. M. HAJIYEVA
Baku State University; E-mail: [email protected]
Among Azerbaijan people it was determined C(-13910)T mutation of MCM6 gene of hypolactosia inherited diseases. C(-13910)Tmutation of MCM6 gene was identified at heterozygote and homozygote inheritacne types, phenotypic and gene frequencies were 32,14% accordingly and 0,4286 within unit. MCM6 gene (OMİM*601806) is placed at p21.3 of long shoulder of 2nd chromosome. At 13910 position of the 13th introne of MCM6 gene the substitution of cytosine hormone with tymin nucleotide effects negatively to transcription activity of LCT gene of near placed lactase ferment. Disturbance of activity of LCT gene don’t provide splitting of lactose sugar to galactose and glucose and cause to hypolactose disease. C(-13910)T mutation of MCM6 gene is using as marker of hypolactose disease. The study of molecular heterogeneity of MCM6 gene at hypolactose inherited exchange disease was the aim of research for the first time in Azerbaijan. Materials for researches were collected as the result of genetical screening of hypolactose inherited disease of patients applied to Research Pediatric Institute and Republican Treatment Diagnostics Center, newborns at maternity houses of Baku. 276 newborns, 38 sick child and 28 patients were observed. Genetic screening of 342 men (187- men and 155 -women) were conducted. At 13910 position of MCM6 gene the polymorphism of cytosine and tymine nucleotides was conducted in POTOR-GENE Q device. From observed patients at 9 ones C(-13910)T polymorphism of MCM6 gene was identified. At 6 patiens the heterozygote form of mutation, at 3 patients homozygote form of mutations were revealed. Phenotypic frequency of heterozygotes and homozygotes are 21,43% and 10,71% accordingly (total- 32,14%). At MCM6 gene frequency of -13910 (C-T) mutation is 0.4286. Thus, in the people of our republic during hypolactose inherited exchange disease of C(- 13910)T mutation of MCM6 gene frequency was counted. Profilactic ways of disease were elaborated.
Keywords: Hypolactose, lactose, PCR, phenotypic fequency, gene frequency
81 GENOTYPIC ASSESSMENT OF AZERBAIJANI DURUM WHEAT GERMPLASM USING GENOTYPING-BY-SEQUENCING
M.A. ABBASOV
Genetic Resources Institute, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E- mail: [email protected]
Triticum durum Desf. is the most important tetraploid wheat specie (2n = 4x = 28, AABB) with a genome size of about 12 Gb. The application of next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies to large crop genomes such as wheat, has led to remarkable advances in the field of genomics and development of genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) method for discovering and genotyping novel SNPs in crop genomes and populations. In the present study, the genotypic assessment of Azerbaijani durum wheat accessions was carried out. A total of 748 SNP markers were obtained for 76 durum wheat genotypes. The average polymorphic information content (PIC) and genetic diversity index for the entire collection were 0.329 and 0.420, respectively. With respect to population structure, two and three subpopulations were identified. PCA and cluster analysis showed very comparable results to the population structure analysis at k=3. The first three principal components explained together 24.1% of the total variation. The first subpopulation had the largest number of individuals. Individuals belonging to this subpopulation were the most admixed with average contribution of 74.8% over the 46 individuals. The second subpopulation had 24 individuals with average ancestory contribution of 79.4%, while the last subpopulation had the smallest number of individuals with the highest ancesty contribution of 93.5%. Clustering analysis based on GBS data showed that the genotypes divided into six basic clusters. Some consistence was noted between grouping of genotypes and their pedigrees, as well as classification into botanical varieties. The closest botanical varieties were var. leucurum and var. hordeiforme and var. leucurum and var. lecomelan. The grouping pattern observed in the cluster analysis was in agreement with the PCoA and structure analyses. The obtained results could facilitate activities on durum wheat collection, conservation, and future breeding. The enrichment of this genetic information with more SNPs will open the door for future association mapping studies. In addition, the found resistant genotypes can be utilized as donors to broaden the genetic base of rust resistance in wheat breeding.
Keywords: T.durum Desf., genetic diversity, genotyping by sequencing
82 STUDY OF GENETIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ISSR MARKERS AND LOCAL WINEGRAPE SAMPLES
A.F. HAJIYEVA
Genetic Resources Institute, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
Winegrape genotypes of Azerbaijan are characterized by a wide range of polymorphisms, their population being the heritages of valuable plant and selective significance by forming different biotypes, clones, shapes and variations. Therefore, in the gene pool eachwinegrape genetype should be identified and collected, delivered to future generationssafely and efficiently, and should be achieved the providing the demand for vine-growing and wine making products and continued development of this area through the achievement of the maximum potential. The rich genetic material of the Azerbaijan winegrape is an integral part of the world's grape genetic resources.One of the most pressing issues in today'sis to properly preserve the diversity of these genetic material, represented by wild and cultural aboriginal vinegrapes and passing on to future generations. For this purpose, winegrape samples collected from different regions should be categorized by complex use of molecular-genetic, populations-statistics methods, their genetic diversity should be studied, relationship should be investigated, and the genetic distance between cultural and wild winegrape samples should be determined. Identifying of genetic relationships in plants during experiments is one of the major lines of molecular-genetic research. Thus, in order to determine the genetic relationships, genotypes are grouped into clusters based on genetic similarity or genetic distance index calculated on the basis of different formulas. Genetically similar and sometimes even originally identical forms are located closer to each other in the dendrogram. In the studied winegrape collection, most of the genotypes were identical, but selected samples with different profiles, differed from others. The fact that many of the studied sampleslocatedin the same clusters is related to the small number of analyzed loci, rather than their identity. Selection of genetically different forms in separate clusters in the cluster analysis allows for practical guidance on winegrape selection, prediction, and use in future hybridization processes. İn breeding, the value of such genetically different samples is very important.
Keywords: Winegrape, marker, genotype, cluster, locus
83 INVESTIGATING THE METHODS OF KEEPING HIRUDO ORIENTALIS SPECIES IN LABORATORY CONDITION
L. DADASHOVA
Institute of Zoology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
About 650 species of leeches have been found in the world. According to the results of hydrobiological studies in Azerbaijan, there are about 15 species of leeches. They live in the fresh water basins - in swamps, rivers and lakes. The most widely spread and important representative is H.orientalis.Materials were collected through the suture-catching nets to breed leeches and carry out investigations in laboratory conditions. Some of the materials were fixed in 98% alcohol in order to study the genetic diversity. Other representatives are kept in the aquariums under laboratory conditions to carry out investigations. Their average length is 100 mm, width is 8-10 mm, and mass is 3-4g (sometimes 5g) and more. In natural conditions, in the third year of their lives, a medicinal leech having reached puberty is able to produce a generation in different seasons of the year under laboratory condition. They are hermofrodits. Impregnation is cross. In laboratory conditions, the leeches kept at temperatures of 18-22oC in the winter and 24-27oC in the summer can produce cocoons once every 6-8 months. Every cocoon has 15-20 embryos (in most cases 8- 15). The length of cocoons is 20 mm and width is 16 mm. A cocoon’s color is reddish-yellow grey. In order to make a medicinal leech produce cocoons, peats and mosses in special containers are placed in the aquarium and river rocks are used. In laboratory conditions, regular feeding is required to get a generation. In laboratory conditions, a medicinal leech is nourished by cattle, chicken blood and spleen. Heparin is used to prevent coagulation of the used blood. The leech is kept in the blood for 1-2 minutes, because they suck the blood so gluttonously that they do not feel satiation. If it is kept in the blood for a long time, the lacunar system may collapse and may result in the death of the leech. For this reason, they are placed in a cloth-based filter not to suck the blood directly. Thus, investigations of the most optimal conditions are being continued by applying the methods of keeping and breeding leeches in laboratory conditions.
Keywords: Medicinal leech, breed, laboratory condition
84 SCREENING FOR FUSARIUM WILT RESISTANCE IN CHICKPEA COLLECTION USING MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION
S.M. BABAYEVA
Genetic Resources Institute, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E- mail: [email protected]
Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris) is one of the major constraints of chickpea production. Several RAPD and ISSR markers were noted to be linked with resistance to fusarium wilt. At least eight races of this fungus have been reported; resistance to each race is controlled by 1-3 major genes. RAPD primers OPJ20600 and R2609-1855 are linked to Foc01 gene located in LG3 and to Foc4 in LG2, respectively. The present study was undertaken, with an objective of to screen introduced and unreported local chickpea accessions for certain fusarium resistance genes through a set of RAPD, ISSR and SSR markers. As a result of molecular screening none of genotypes were determined to possess 855 bp band linked with resistance. However, for most of accessions 600 bp band was amplified using OPJ20 primer. Thirty six out of fifty genotypes had resistance band and were estimated as resistant to Foc 0. As a result of screening with TA27 SSR primer linked with Foc2 gene 10 genotypes were assessed as resistant to Foc 2, while 4 accessions, including Sanford variety from USA, were revealed to have 249 bp fragment linked with susceptibility. Seven genotypes were resistant to both races, while 3 were resistant only to Foc 2 and 29 only to Foc 0. Three genotypes were resistant to one race and susceptible to another. Comparative analysis showed that 4 accessions were resistant to both races based on both field and molecular experiments and 3 were resistant based on only molecular experiments. Out of 20 genotypes estimated as resistant or middle resistant in the field condition, 15 possessed at least one resistance gene, which indicates the usefulness of noted molecular markers in assessment of fusarium wilt resistance in chickpea genotypes. The chickpea accessions assessed as resistant according to the results of molecular screening using linked primers were recommended for use in breeding programs as a donor of resistance genes. In addition, the genotypes demonstrating resistance to more than one fusarium wilt race can be used in molecular pyramiding strategy to ensure durable resistance to the disease.
Keywords: Chickpea, Fusarium, RAPD, ISSR, SSR, marker assisted selection
85 COLLECTION AND EFFICIENT USE OF GENETIC RESERVES OF FRUIT PLANTS
N.A. HASANOV, A.F. HAJIYEVA, N.I. AKHUNDOVA, I.V. HUSEYNOVA
Institute of Genetic Resources, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
In order to collect, increase and preserve the gene fund of fruit plants, a number of projects were prepared at our Institute, as well as ancient local varieties and forms were searched for and found, and natural gene fund gardens were laid. During last years, employees of our Institute continued the selection works and cultivated ‘Bol‘ and ‘Shalala’ varietiessorts of fig, ‘Iri gile’ and ‘Gara gile’ varieties of pomegranate and ‘Khurmayi’ sort of jujube, as well as widely bred them. ‘Fatima’ pomegranate sort, as well as ‘Nurana’ and ‘Novruz’ jujube sorts were submitted for testing. At the same time as a result of expeditions organised by our Institute, subtropical plants collected in the Shirvan zone are cultivated at the Agdash Support Station. A gene fund garden consisting from 40 fig varieties and forms introduced at the support station was laid. At the same time seedlings consisting of forms of ancient and local sorts of pomegranate were laid at this station. Along with the pomegranate varieties and forms created by national selectionists, newly established high- quality and highly productive pomegranate samples are cultivated in these seedlings. ‘Qara Bala Mursal’ and ‘Girmizi gabig’ sweet pomegranate and four new pomegranate varieties derived from the high-quality ‘Iri gile’, ‘Gara gile’, ‘Atdishi’ and ‘Bala Mursal’ pomegranate sorts are also cultivated. The newly derived red pill pomegranate sort received from ‘Valas’ pomegranate sort of new forms and grey large pomegranate form are the forms, which deserve even more attention. Presently, new perspective pomegranate forms were adopted by farmers and are being cultivated on their farms. Out of berries, an extensive work was carried out on strawberry in parallel with fruit plants – 26 sorts and forms were collected. Out of them 17 sorts consisting from 1 local sort and 8 local forms, were introduced. The work on the collected sorts and forms is being continued and increased.
Keywords: Strawberry, pomegranate, fig, jujube
86 EXAMINATION OF THE QUALITY OF SOME BRANDS OF GRAPE JUICE AVAILABLE ON THE MARKET USING MODERN RESEARCH METHODS
M.A. HUSEYNOV1, 2
1 Azerbaijan State University Of Economics, Baku; E-mail: [email protected] 2 Research Institute of Viticulture and Wine-making, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan
By carrying out the research work it was studied conformity of quality of some grape juices provided by various firms to the market to Food Code and standards for the preparation of fruit and berry drinks. Studies were conducted by titrometric, spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods available in the Code of international standards and adopted by the International Organization of Viticulture and Winemaking (OIV). In order to establish compliance with international standards, analyzes were carried out to determine in natural grape juices level of pH, total acidity, water-soluble dry matter (WSDM), the number of formulas, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), preservatives (benzoic and sorbic acids), the composition of minerals (potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium and calcium), toxic substances (copper, zinc, iron and tin) and heavy metals (lead, cadmium and arsenic). The results of the analysis of 16 samples of grape juices showed that the level of the studied parameters is in the range: pH – 3.49...4.11, total acidity – 3.38...4.40 g/l, WSDM – 11.13...16.04%, the number of formulas – 2.78...20.96, HMF – 0.36...26.40 mg/l, K – 702.0...796.0 mg/l, Mg – 67.0...120.0 mg/l , P – 97.0...186.0 mg/l, Na – 33.0...169.0 mg/l, Ca – 100.0…199.0 mg/l, Pb – 0.03...0.45 mg/l, CD – <0.015 mg/l, As – <0.032 mg/l. According to the results of the analysis, the content of toxic elements (Cu, Zn, Fe, Sn) was lower than the permissible norms established by sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations, such as "Hygienic requirements for the safety and nutritional value of food products", approved by the order of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Azerbaijan dated April 30, 2010, number 25.
Keywords: Grape juice, quality, standard, physical and chemical analysis
87 ROOT KNOT NEMATODES AS POTENTIAL THREAT TO AZERBAIJAN AGRICULTURE
S.N. HASANOVA1, N.F. SULTANOVA2
1Institute of Zoology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; 2Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
Vegetable crops are frequently affected by a wide array of diseases showing varying degree and kind of symptoms. Most of the causal agents of the diseases are biotic, not ruling out the involvement of abiotic factors too. Among the plant pathogens affecting world’s food production, root-knot nematodes (RKNs), especially Meloidogyne spp. are one of the most devastating pathogen of crops and important polyphagous pest species of various crops in both tropical and subtropical areas causing important reductions in crop quality and yields. They are acclimated to parasitize on large number of plants, whereas over 5500 cultivated and wild plant hosts have been reported and in interaction with other pathogens like virus, fungi or bacteria it forms a disease complex, causing significantly yield losses. Over than 226 weed species belonging to 43 families are known to act as hosts of RKNs. The characteristic disease symptoms produced on the host plants during infestation give it the identity of the nematode as ‘root knot nematode’. The above ground non-specific symptoms of the root parasitisation can be observed in all plant types, with variable symptoms including leaf curling, leaf distortion, yellowing of leaves, wilting and stunted growth. Due to the presence of typical galls on the root systems, farmers can easily determine symptoms associated with RKNs. The lack of awareness among the farmers about the nematode problems and limited availability of satisfactory package of practices to extension workers for managing the root knot nematodes are the major restriction for protecting the vegetable crops from root knot nematodes. Application of biological, cultural and chemical methods should be used in line with integrated pest management (IPM) practices. Farmers should also be educated on proper phytosanitary procedures to avoid the introduction of RKNs into their farms. Accurate diagnosis of the RKN to species level is important for the determination of the most appropriate control strategies to be used. This is especially essential when determining potential sources of host plant resistance to melanoginous species. Correct identification of RKN species will lead to provide effective management strategies.
Keywords: Vegetables, root knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., integrated pest management
88 THE IMPACT OF SOWING RATES ON YIELD COMPONENTS OF “JALILABAD-19” BARLEY VARIETY IN DRY-FARMING LAND CONDITION
R.X. ISLAMZADE
Research Institute of Crop Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan; E-mail: [email protected]
Field experiments were carried out in Gobustanlight-chestnut soils for the study of the grain yield, yield components, the coefficient of nitrogen absorbility from soil and fertilizer of barley variety Jalilabad 19, depending on the seeding rate and fertilizer norms. The pH of experience area was been 8.3-8.5in 0-25 cm depth, and 8.6-8.8 in downstairs. Tillage layer of experience area (0-25 cm) was weak alkaline property, and downstairs high alkaline. Area is carbonated. The humus content is being in tillage layer 2.21-2.22%, common nitrogen 0.156-0.175%, common phosphorus 0.117- 0.119%, but decreases gradually in downstairs. The content of easy hydrolyzed nitrogen was 47-52 mg, active phosphorus 28.5-32.4 mg, and variable potassium 288-297 mg in a one kg of soil. Easy absorbed nutrients content was decreased a lot in the grunted layer. Experience area was provided averagely by phosphorus and low by potassium as a result of analysis. The yield components of “Jalilabad-19” barley variety depends from seed rate and fertilizer rates and this became known from our researches. The height of the plant, the weight of the grain in the spike, the length of the spike, the number of grains in the spike was changed and the weight of 1000 grains was decreased in control option. An average the height of the plant was 99.8 cm, the weight of the spike 1,8 g, the length of the spike 6.9 cm, the number of grains in one spike 21.55, the weight of the grain in one spike 1.13 g, the weight of 1000 grains 48.2 g in 120 kg/ha sowing rate in control option. The height of the plant was 113.0 cm, the weight of the spike 2.0 g, the length of the spike 7.54 cm, the number of grains in one spike 24,the weight of the grain in one spike 1,14 g, the weight of 1000 grains 48.2 g in 140 kg/ha sowing rate. The height of the plant was 114.4 cm, the weight of the spike 2.09 g, the length of the spike 7.05 cm, the number of grains in one spike 25.35,the weight of the grain in one spike 1,28 g, the weight of 1000 grains 47.5 g in 160 kg/ha sowing rate. The highest grain yield was formed in the 140 and kg/ha sowing rates and in the N45P45K45, N60P45K45 fertilizer norms. Generally the yield components, the productivity of “Jalilabad-19” barley variety was changedin significantlydegree depending from research years, from rates of sowing and fertilizer norms in light-chestnut soils of Gobustan.
Keywords: Barley, sowing rate, fertilizer norms, grain yield, yield components
89 RICE PRODUCTIVITY IN LANKARAN-ASTARA REGION DEPENDING ON PLANT DENSITY AND NUTRITION CONDITION IN DIFFERENT SOWING TIMES
T.A. ISLAMZADE, M.Y. RZAYEV
Research Institute of Crop Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan; E-mail: [email protected]
The planting area of rice consists of 20% of all cereals in the world by being precious food plant. It is considered main food for half of the world population. The rice is digested easily. The digestion coefficient of rice is very high; therefore rice cereal is used widely in diet meals and child food. The rice is rich in food items necessary for human organism. There are 75.2% aqueous carbon, 7.7% protein, 0.4% fat, 2.2% cellulose, 0.5% ash in the composition of rice cereal. The choice of planting area has a great importance in the organization of rice growing. The areas that have relatively smooth relief shall be chosen and at this time the provision with irrigation water shall be considered. By considering these, some issues related to growing rice in Siyavar village of Lankaran region in 2016-2017 have been studied: sowing times, plant density and nutrition condition. The rice variety “Hashimi” has been used for sowing. Grain productivity has been higher in seedlings planted in the 1st decade of May. However grain productivity per year has varied between 30.2-54.6 c/ha in the plots, where seedlings were planted in this period, it has varied between 28.6-53.2 c/ha in the plots, where seedlings planted in the 3rd decade of May depending on seedling norm and nutrition condition. The highest productivity among the seedling norms has been observed in 1.7 million seedling norm per hectare. The grain productivity has been varied between 32.6-54.6 c/ha depending on planting time, years and nutrition condition of seedlings, so that it is much higher than other seedling norms. As for nutrition condition, the highest grain productivity has been observed in N120P80K60 fertilizer norm. The grain productivity has been varied between 46.5-54.5 c/ha depending on planting time, years and norm of seedlings, so that it is much higher than other fertilizer norms. So, the highest grain productivity of rice in Lankaran-Astara region is gained when the seedlings are planted in the st 1 decade of May in the norm of 1.7 million seedlings per hectare in the norm of N120P80K60 fertilizer.
Keywords: Rice, seedling, sowing time, grain productivity, fertilizer
90 STUDY OF ICARDA ORIGIN CHICKPEA VARIETY SAMPLES IN AZERBAIJAN
G.S. DAMIROVA
Research Institute of Crop Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan
Chickpea is the most cultivated crop among cereals-legumeous in Azerbaijan. Chickpea has high nutritional value, which increase its importance as food. Chickpea is also considered a good predecessor for many crops. Taking into account the role of this plant in the elimination of food shortages, it is important to cultivate the most productive varieties. Therefore, it is desirable to plant chickpea varieties in Mountainous Shirvan for breeding and research. Chickpea variety samples were planted at Gobustan Regional Experimental Station of RICH in 2017-2018 crop season, phenology observations were carried out, vegetation period, plant height, color of seeds, yield of plants per 1m2 area were determined. In the I nursery 14 samples(CIEN-LS), in II nursery22(CIEN-W), in the III nursery21(CICTN),in the IV nursery 3 (CIEN-DT), in the V nursery 3 samples (CIABN) were grown. Generally, the vegetation period was 207-211 days. in the I nursery, the plant height has changed in the range of 42-51cm, in the II nursery in the range of 40-54 cm, 45-57 cm in the III and IV nurseries and 47-58 cm in the V nursery. Seed color was yellow in 8 variety samples, in 6 it was white, in the II nursery color was yellow in 14 samples, white in 8 samples, and in the III nursery in 15 samples was yellow and in 9 samples was white. Yield per 1 m2 area has changed at the highest, average and minimum ranges and changed in the range of 180-220 g, 95-150 g, 41-120 g. in the I nursery, the highest yield was in F.06-79 varietysample, in the II nursery F_7- 306,F.09-308, F.08-105 variety samples differed, in the III nursery the highest yielding sample was F.05-43, in the IV nursery -F.09-283, in the V nursery - F9-259, and these varieties samples were especially differed by their resistance to diseases. As a result of the study 8 sampleswere selectedfor breeding purposes.
Keywords: Chickpea, varietysamples, selection, breeding
91 IDENTIFICATION OF EARLY-RIPENING FORMS OF INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS OF COTTON
Sh.A. ALIZADE, A.I. ISAYEVA
Baku State University; E-mail: [email protected]
One of the leading areas in the agricultural sector is cotton-growing. At present, more than 50% of the fiber needed for the textile industry is derived from cotton. This plant, which is of strategic importance, has a significant share in the social and economical development of our country. The northern parts of Azerbaijan are cotton-growing regions, therefore, developing early-ripening forms is one of the challenges facing selection. For this reason, the main purpose of the research was to identify the early-ripening forms of cotton, to use them for future hybridization and to recommend to farms. A genotype Empire of the G. barbadense L. species and genotypes FM-966, Kristina, Makedonka of the G. hirsutum L. species were used as the study objects. The investigations were carried out in the Absheron Experimental Research Base of the Institute of Genetic Recourses, ANAS. The vegetation period is a complex trait. The study of the structural elements of this trait showed that transgressive recombinants could be obtained when hybridize parental forms having similar vegetation periods and different structures. The analysis of the structural elements of the early maturation showed that these elements had polygenic inheritance. Hybridization of the early- ripening cotton varieties caused the heterosis effect. When parental forms differed sharply in this trait, intermediate hereditary type was observed. In the studied three combinations, parental forms differed in the vegetation periods. Vegetation periods in the cotton varieties were as follows: Empire-131.2 days, Kristina, FM-966, Makedonka-118.0, 124.0, 114.1 days, respectively. In all three combinations F1 hybrids were in the middle position (126.8±1.41; 127.1±1.31; 127.8±1.53). In the Kristina х Empire combination F1 hybrids ripened 8.8 days later than Kristina and 4.4.days earlier than Empire. In FM-966 х Empire and Makedonka х Empire combinations the difference from parental forms were 4.1 and 3.1 days, 3.4 and 13.7 days, respectively. Based on this trait F1 hybrids were in the intermediate position. However, the tendency towards the early-ripening parental forms was observed in the all 3 combinations, especially in Makedonka x Empire. As the difference between vegetation periods of the hybrid combination and the parental form Empire was 13.8 days, obtaining new transgressive forms is more likely.
Keywords: Cotton, early-ripening, hybrid
92 THE EFFECT OF FERTILIZERS ON THE INCREASE OF PRODUCTIVITY OF THE AUTUMN BARLEY PLANT IN THE ROW SEEDING METHOD
D.A. ISAYEVA
Azerbaijan State Agrarian University; E- mail: [email protected]
The barley plant is grown in Azerbaijan since the ancient times. Barley is the most widely grown cereal plant in the country after wheat in terms of planting area. Various food products are produced from barley, which makes a vital ingredient for people. Barley plays an important role in the establishment of a feed base for livestock breeding. In irrigated regions of the republic, in large grain-growing households, the use of progressive and efficient technologies for obtaining high and stable grain yields is considered as the one of the important measures. One of the main elements of such technologies is the cultivation of these plants by the row seeding method. In this method cereal crops are sown in wide row spacing when the row-spacing distance are 60-70; 70-80 and 80-90 cm. Over the cliffs in 2, 3 and 4 rows, with the distance of 15-20 cm between rows, seeds are sprinkled and irrigated by inter-row furrows. Advantages of row seeding method: The norm of sprout decreases to 30-40%; By reducing the irrigation water, labor productivity is increasing; Mechanical fighting method is used against weeds; Unfavorable conditions for the development of diseases, pests are emerging; The number of productive stems increases, the mass of 1000 grains is increased, productivity and quality of yield rises. The experiments we have conducted demonstrates that while introducing of the row seeding method, the average output of barley yield was about 28.5 s/ha got in 3 years at the control option, while in the case of introducing of the norm of fertilizer as N60P0K0 the yield was 31.9 s/ha, an increase on the comparison with the control option became to 3.4 g/ha or 12.0%. Application of various mineral fertilizers along with the manure has significantly increased the productivity of the barley compared with the control and economic options. The highest productivity for the grain was observed in the case of introducing of 10 t of manure + N90P90K60 and was respectively 50.2; 21.7 s/ha or 76.1%. As the mineral fertilizer norms within the introduction of manure increased (N120P120K90), productivity decreased to 45.3; 16.8 s/ha or 59.0%.
Keywords: Soil, ridge, winter barley, manure, mineral fertilizer
93 STUDY OF GRAIN YIELD, YIELD COMPONENTS AND DISEASES RESISTANSE OF DURUM AND BREAD WHEAT GENOTYPES INTRODUCED FROM CIMMYT AND ICARDA IN ABSHERON
G.V. MIRZAYEVA
Research Institute of Crop Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan; E-mail: [email protected]
At the result of preliminary researchs of the varieties introduced from international breeding centers (CIMMYT, ICARDA), a material base is created for selection ensuring the identification of donors for productivity, quality and disease resistanse. Environmental testing of durum and bread wheat varieties, evaluation for lifestyle, morphological symptoms, productivity, and disease resistance, selection of species to be recommended for hybridization for future studies are as one of the earliest stages in the production of new varieties. For this purpose, in 2016-2017, 943 durum and bread wheat gathered in 12 nurseries were planted at the Absheron experience field of Research Institute of Crop Husbandry. During the vegetation period, phenology observations were made on the samples, their lifestyle and the duration (number of days from the 1st January until the date of the heading) of the grain ripeninngwere determined; the height was measured, architectronics and disease resistance have been studied; productivity indicators have been determined. The samples were winter, half-spring, spring type according to their lifestyle. In the winter wheat, the duration of spike has coincided with in the first ten days of May; in spring and semispring, the duration of spike has coincided with in the third ten days of April and the first ten days of May. The height of the plant was 80-120 cm in bread wheat and 80 to 105 cm in durum wheat. From the diseases-powdery mildew(2-8 intravalments), yellow rust(5S-10S), stem rust(10S-80S) and brown rust (10S- 40S)were also found in the samples. The productivity of spring and winter bread wheat was 180- 740g/m2, and in durum wheat was 280-740 g/m2.In the bread wheat, the high productive samples were more, and in the durum wheat, the number of low and medium productive samples were higher. From the studied materials-disease-resistant (R), medium disease-resistant (MR), body not bending and high productive (over 600 g/m2) samples with optimal heading time (100-127 days) were choiced. In order to carry out more research, the area was further expanded and planted next year. As a control option, the bread wheat Tale-38, and durum wheat Barakatly-95 variety has been taken. The productivity of selected bread wheat samples (650-936 g/m2) were higher than Tale-38 variety (560 g/m2). The productivity of selected wheat (623-938 g/m2) were lower than the productivity of the Barakatly-95 variety (760 q/m2). So, in 2016-2017, 106 prospective wheat samples were selected as a result of the introduced material in Absheron. 86 of them are bread wheat, and 20 are durum wheat.
Keywords: Durum wheat, bread wheat, spike, powdery mildew, yellow rust
94 ASSESSMENT OF PHYTOSANITARY STATUS OF AGROSENOSES WHERE VEGETABLES AND GARDEN PLANTS ARE GROWN
F. MAMMADOVA
Baku State University; E-mail: [email protected]
Currently, there is not a universal, regular approach for the assessment of phytosanitary status of agrosenoses. Thus, different approaches are used in this purpose. In Azerbaijan because of the absence of regular documentations the assessment of agrosenoses is carried out on a five-point scale. The main index of these scale is the disease spread. The disease assessment of plants cultivated in the Absheron peninsula showed that except Askochitosis, all the diseases were in potentially dangerous limits. However, there is no guarantee that this situation will remain steady. In recent years, as a result of anthropogenic impact on the environment and deterioration of ecological conditions, significant changes in ecosystems are inevitable. Thus, global climate changes, the formation of sustainable microorganisms and fungi, and lack of material and technical basis for phytosanitary measures confirm the above mentioned. Fungi involved in the mycobiota of cabbage, radish, eggplant, cucumber, pumpkin, potato, bean and other vegetables and garden plants were identified. Thus, it was found out that Mucor plumbeus is involved in mycobiota of cucumber and eggplant, Phyllosticta lucorpersici Pesk. - tomato, Ascospora phaseolorum Sacc. - bean, Phoma capsici Magnani - sweet and bitter pepper, Colletotrichum capsici (Syd) Buti - eggplant and Septoria carotae Nagorny in carrot mycobiata. Therefore, the monitoring of the dynamics of phytopathogenic fungal diseases, continuous updating and effective anti-infectious measures, the creation of sustainable varieties, the priority of the rotation system, the strengthening of the material and technical base of the farms engaged in the cultivation of vegetables and garden plants and other researches are of great importance.
Keywords: Phytopathogen, anthropogene, phytosanitary, ecosystem
95 INFLUENCE OF CULTIVATION FACTORS ON SOYBEAN
T.A. NASIROVA
Research Institute of Crop Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan; E-mail: [email protected]
Protein is a necessary and essential substance for life. Soybean is a precious technical, feed and food crop. Unlike other cereal-legumes, the amount of protein in its green mass and grain is very high and its quality is high. It is important to determine the agro-technical basis of the soybean cultivation for the green mass and forage in the multinational field practices. In Absheron Assistant Practice Sector of the Agricultural Research Institute it has been developed three methods of cultivation (sprout time, plant density, nutritional status) in order to gain grain productivity in black seeds in accordance with the method by using the American origin Bison varieties of soybean in 2018. The number of stalks was over 25 plants in the complete adult phase. During the second decade of April, when the seeds were sown in the control (without fertilizer) option, the number of branches in one plant was 2.3-4.4 units, in N30P30 + 10 tons of manure was 5.0-6.2 units, in the N45P30K30 version was 4.7-5.8 units. In the third decade of April, when the seeds were sown in the control (without fertilizer) option, depending on the plant density, the number of branches in one plant was 2.6-4.8 units, in N30P30 + 10 tons of manure version was 6.5-8.3 units, and in N45P30K30 version was 6.3-7.6 units. In the first decade of May, when the seeds were sown in the control (without fertilizer) option, depending on the plant density, the number of branches in a plant has been 2.4-4.6 units, N30P30 + 10 tons of manure was 6.2-8.1 units, and accordingly in N45P30K30 was 5.8-7.5 units. As a result of the study, it was determined that in the Bison type of soybeans in the third decade of April, in every three planting schemes, the number of branches on the plant at N30P30 + 10 tons of manure was 3.5-3.9 units more (6.5-8.3 units) than other versions.
Keywords: Plant, soybean, factor, fertilizer, manure
96 SELECTION ASSESSMENT OF INTRODUCED PERSPECTIVE HYBRID LINES OF BREAD WHEAT
B.B. NAZAROV
Tartar RES of Research Institute of Crop Husbandry,Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan; E-mail: [email protected]
Considering morphological, biological traits and agricultural indices, based on generally accepted methodology, introduced hybrid lines have been selected continuously each year. The tests continued after the introduction of the selected lines into the further selection programs. The main goal of the research was obtaining perspective high-productive varieties, having high quality grain, resistant to diseases, pests and tolerant to drought, high temperature, cold and frost. The study of the selected perspective samples performed in the control nursery-1, in 2012-2013 showed that the lines Starshina/Sonmez/1, Starshina/Sonmez/2, Yubilieinaya100/Tilek, Katia1/ Kroshka/3, Pobeda50/Pehlivan/1, T154/Kristadora/1 and T154/Kristadora/2 had higher productivity 70.0-89.8 cwt/ha compared with the standard (59.9 cwt/ha). Thus, productivity increased by 10.7-29.9 cwt/ha. 1000 grain weight was 48.0-54.2 g in the lines Pobeda50/Pehlivan1, Katia1/Kroshka/3, Zagadka/4/Babax/Lr42//Babax*2/3/Kuruku/1. Gluten content of grain ranged from 27.6% to 34.0% and was close to the standard values. Relatively higher gluten content compared with the standard (32.0 %) was found in the lines Yubilieinaya100/Tilek/1 (34.0%), Sonmez/Pehlivan/2 (33.6%), Sonmez/Pehlivan/3 (34.0%), Starshina/Sonmez/1 (33.6%). The gluten deformation coefficient 89.9- 91.7 (standard value 108.5%) was satisfactory in the lines Yubilieinaya100/Tilek/1, Zagadka/4/Babax/ Lr42//Babax*2/3/Kuruku/1, Sonmez/4/Babax/Lr42//Babax*2/3/Tukuru/3. Sedimentation index ranged from 27.0 to 54.0 ml and was higher in most lines compared with the standard. The lines Starshina/Sonmez/2 (54.0 ml.), Gondvana/Demir/1 (51.0 ml.), T154/Kristadora/1 (45.0 ml.), Sonmez/Pehlivan/3 (48.0 ml.), Starshina/Sonmez/1 (50.8 ml.) were distinguished by higher sedimentation indices. The Starshina/Sonmez/2 (13.7%), Sonmez/Pehlivan/1 (13.3%), Sonmez/Pehlivan/2 (14.2%) hybrid lines had more grain protein content compared with the standard variant (12.5%). Most studied hybrid lines express resistance to yellow and brown rust diseases at 0-MR level. The infection with mildew and septorios was detected at 2-6 point level. The duration of vegetation in the hybrid lines ranged from 188 to 205 days in the hybrid lines Starshina/Sonmez/2 (188 days) and Sonmez/4/Babax/Lr42// Babax*2/3/Tukuru/3 (192 days), thus ripening occurred 7-11 days earlier compared with the standard. The perspective lines selected among hybrid materials based on their superior traits are planted in various nurseries and their study and evaluation continue.
Keywords: Bread wheat, selection, variety, introduction, hybrid line, standard, quantity, quality, production traits, early-ripening, combination, tolerance
97 RESTORATION OF FERTILITY OF TECHNOGENICALLY-DEGRADED SOILS IN THE ABSHERON PENINSULA BY AGROCHEMICAL METHODS
A.H. IBRAHIMOV1, T.V. VAHABZADEH2
1 Research Institute of Crop Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan; E-mail: [email protected] 2 Baku Engineering University; E-mail: [email protected]
The Absheron peninsula is one of the most developed economic regions of our republic and ahead for the development of the oil industry. The oil that is extracted here is a valuable raw material for the production of various types of high quality oil products. The top productive layer of soil in the Absheron peninsula is very thin. 15-25 cm, relatively thick in microdepressions, weakly provided with humus and nutrients (NPK), even less 2-3 times less than the norm. Granulometric is very light for its structure (sand, sandy, clayey). The condition of soil (pH) is normal, low and medium-alkali. Natural vegetation(plant) cover mainly consists of kangaroo, thistle, wormwood in autumn-winter and early spring from efemer herbs. Research area was selected as the territory of the oil and gas extraction office No: 2 Oil & Gas Production Department (OGPD) named after H.Z.Taghiyev. It is located in the northeast of the Gala oil field. The area is bordered by the highway from the north, the railway from the west and inter-mining land from the south and east. In the areas that are surrounded by oily wells, as a rule, in the top layers of the soil oil compounds and in the deep bottom layers the amount of heavy-duty compounds and heavy metals that are transported from the layers of the mining areas are more. The parts of mentioned mine areas which are polluted raw, weak and moderately were identified and by using organic waste materials agrochemical recultivation methods were developed. For this purpose, the mixture of small residue of Hovsan aeration station, the silt residue of Absheron canal and a large amount of manure from the cattles are prepared and dispersed to the soil layer that are polluted in different levels. Quantity of nutritional elements in prepared mixture was researched. So, total soil residue of Absheron aeration station consisting 3% total nitrogen, 3% total phosphorus, 2% total potassium, 0.6% total nitrogen, 0.35 total phosphorus, 0.6% potassium from half-dried manure, 1.5% total nitroge, 0.56% total phosphorus, 1.7% total potassium from Absheron silt residue. Olive, grape, pomegranates, mulberry, willow trees are planted on th eprepared layer which are compatible with the soil and climate of Absheron peninsula. The main reasonn of the research is to achieve the increase of fertility in the soil layer by various green mass plants. As a result (In conclusion), olive, mulberry, pomegranate trees became more resistant, development and adaptation to the are was observed as well dependent on the level of contamination and relief.
Keywords: Oil, soil, plant, nutrition elements, recultivation
98 THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS NORMS OF NITROGEN FERTILIZERS ON THE YIELD OF TOMATO IN THE GRAY-BROWN SOILS OF ABSHERON
K.A. ALIYEVA
Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
The use of nitrogen as a source of plant nutrition in agriculture of all countries of the world is a dominant factor due to its leading role in increasing yields and improving the quality of agricultural products. The problems of optimizing the mineral nutrition of agricultural plants by regulating the nitrogen regime of the soil both through agrotechnical methods and through the active use of organic and mineral fertilizers, biological nitrogen and other sources of it are actual today. The field research was conducted at the experimental site of the Azerbaijan Republic Ministry of Agriculture Vegetable Scientific-Research Institute on the territory of the Absheron region (Pirshagi massif). The experiments were carried out with a sort of tomato “Ilkin”. This variety of tomato is the first typical tomato sort for canning purposes, for cultivation in the open field. Transportability is high. The strength quality of the fruit is high. Harvest of the sort is suitable for fresh consumption and canning. The variety is resistant to fusarium wilt. In the research I carried out various norms of nitrogen fertilizer on the background of manure 10 t/ha + N0P90K90 had a positive effect on the yield of tomatoes. In the control variant, the yield was 397.3 c/ha. At the same time, the yield in the variant of background + N30 was 452.9 c/ha (compared to the control with 14% increase), in the variant of background + N60 was 490.1 c/ha (23.4% addition), in the variant of background + N90 was 518.1 c/ha (30.4% addition). Thus, the introduction of mineral fertilizers with an increase in nitrogen doses to the composition of 10 t/ha of manure and N0P90K90 had a positive effect on the condition of tomato plants. Plants developed well, the yield of tomato fruits increased. On irrigated gray-brown soils, the greatest increases in the yield of tomato were obtained with the addition of N90 against the background of 10 t/ha of manure and N0P90K90.
Keywords: Gray-brown soils, tomato, yield
99 EFFECTIVENESS OF FERTILIZER UNDER POTATO PLANT IN MOUNTAIN-DARK SOILS IN NORTH-EASTERN PART OF MINOR CAUCASUS
E.P. MAHMUDOVA, G.M. MAMMADOV
Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
Studying influence of potato plants on mineral and organic fertilizers to productivity and product quality as well as on soil fertility on the mountain-dark soil in Gadabay region the northeastern part of the Greater Caucasus is one of the topical issues. Planting area of potato in the world agriculture system is about 20 million hectares. Sowing area of this plant is 69-70 thousand hectares in Azerbaijan. In Gadabay's mountain-dark soils, experiments were conducted to study the efficiency of mineral and organic fertilizers under potato plants. As a result of conducted soil analyzes, it has been established that, despite the relatively high amount of humus in these soils, the amount of actively, plant-capable forms of nutrient matters is low. It is important to use mineral and organic fertilizers to get high potatoes product in these lands. The experiments are conducted on two schemes: mineral to use separately and mineral organic fertilizers to use together. Based on the soil analysis and the phenological observations, in variant of 20 tons of hectare + N90P90K120 has better results. Thus, the amount of water-resistant aggregates, physical, physical-chemical, agrochemical properties of the soil was higher than other variants. It is known that organic fertilizer increase the amount of water-resistant aggregates with silt fraction in the soil. The used mineral fertilizers also contribute to the rapid nutrition of plants, and also helps to break down and absorb the organic matter in the soil. Manure plays an important role in improving the physical properties of the soil, while density decreases and porosity is increasing. In these variants, the density was lower 0.21% than the variant of non fertilizer control, was lower 0.19% than the variant of N90P90K120, so this number was 1.33% in the variant of non fertilizer control, and 1.41% in the N90P90K120 variant. Porosity in the soil was 51% in fertilizer control, was 54% in the variant of 20 tones manure of the hectare +N90P90K120 . It has been defined that in the case of non-fertilizer control variant, the ammonium nitrogen (N/NH4) absorbed by the soil complex at the end of the plantation is 22.50 mg/kg in 0-20 cm soil layer, in the variant of 20 tones manure of hectare+N90P90K120 was 28.20 mg/kg nitrate nitrogen (N/NO3), in control variant 5.00 mg/kg, and in the variant of 20 tones manure of hectare+ +N90P90K120 was 6.25 mg/kg.
Keywords: Mountain-dark soils, mineral fertilizers, organic fertilizers, nutrient elements
100 WATER-PHYSICAL CHARACTERS OF IRRIGATIVE GREY-BROWN SOILS UNDER VEGETABLE
G.I. MAMMADOVA
Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Azerbaijan National Academy of Science; E-mail: [email protected]
The soils in the Absheron peninsula are grey-brown, irrigative, and relatively sandy and light loamy. Their fertility is less and that is why the productivity is also little. From this point of view the comparative study of a joint influence of the unlike irrigation regimes, organic and mineral fertilizers with different comparison of water-physical characters, fertility and productivity and ecologically grounding assume a great importance. The tomato plant roots can spread around in 150-225 cm diameter into 140-160 cm depth depending on agro-technics, irrigation, soil ecological condition. Its trunk is tender, succulent, un-wooden it gradually coarsens while developing. The tomato fruit is berry, its weight varies by 10-850 gram. A weight of 100 seeds is 3-5 gr. Depending on sort features, 1kg seed can be obtained from 250-400kg fruit. The soil moisture can be increased by applying organic and mineral fertilizers under the tomato in the grey-brown soils eroded to an average degree. The plants develop well under the versions with fertilizers and causes productivity increase. A principal aim of the research is to prepare the recommendations for getting programmed product from the tomato plant by regulation of the water and food regime in soil, study of the joint effect of the organic and mineral fertilizers in irrigation regime on vegetable productivity as an example of the tomato plant in irrigative grey-brown soils of Absheron. The bulky weight, special weight, hygroscopic moisture, whole field water capacity, water-penetrating ability of the soil was fixed according to the method accepted for an investigation of water-physical features of the experimental area soils. The research consequence indicate that the soils of the experimental area are light and average loamy for a mechanical content, it is partly with a bulky weight 1.42-1.46 t/m3 at 0-60 cm stratum, special weight 2.64-2.66 t/m3 hygroscopic moisture 2.04-2.32%. Reduction of TTST values towards low layers can be explained by increase of the special weight of the sandy fractions on the same stratums. The consequences of experiments performed for study of whole field water capacity in soil indicate that a value of soil inclined to reduction while going into the soil layer depth.
Keywords: Water-physical characters of soil, grey-brown soils, water-penetration ability, irrigation regime, tomato
101 EFFICACY OF INTRODUCTION IN CULTURE IN VITRO OF GRAPEVINE OF AZERBAIJANI VARIETES MADRASA AND BAYAN SHIRA
S.J. SULEIMANOVA
Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan; E-mail: [email protected]
Viticulture currently occupies a special place among the agro-industrial sectors of our country. According to the "State Program for the Development of Viticulture in the Republic of Azerbaijan for 2012–2020", by 2020, about 50 thousand hectares of new vine plantations are planned to be laid in the country. However, the lack of high-quality planting material leaves its mark on the global solution to this problem, that is, the usual technology of propagation of grapes does not meet the requirements of time, cannot in the short term to provide viticulture farms integrated sustainable and economically valuable grape varieties. Our research relates to one of their effective ways to solve this problem - the development of technology of microclonal propagation of grapes, in particular the method of obtaining a sterile culture of viable explants of the grape varieties of the national selection of Madrasa and Bayan Shira. At this stage, it has already been established that the development of explants introduced into an in vitro culture is highly dependent on their variety. A high regenerative capacity at the stage of introduction into an in vitro culture was observed when using lateral buds as an explant - for the Madrasa it was 70%, for the Bayan Shira - 100%. The yield of viable explants introduced into the in vitro culture from the meristem and apical buds was 66.5% for the Madrasa, and 66.7% for the Bayan Shira variety.
Keywords: National grape varieties, Madrasa, Bayan Shira, in vitro technology
102 STRUCTURE AND SORT CONTENT OF THE GRAIN–FRECKLED – VARIOUS GRASSY MESOPHYLE UNDERFOREST MEADOWS IN THE GAZAKH-GANJA REGION
A. NASIROVA
Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
Many general research methods about an investigation of flora and plant cover have been used in performance of in-situ research and expeditions fulfillment. The corresponding methods, the world and country experiment have been used in the researches on attraction and protection of the plant material which is gathered in the farmer economies yard areas. The soils in the zone are less structural sandy, grey-brown and they are distinguished with the nutrient minority. A total quantity of humus varies from 0.35 % to 2.02 % on the metric layer of the grey-brown soils. Total nitrogen is 0,08%, easily hydrolyzing nitrogen is 35 mg/kg – 45 mg/kg, total phosphorus is 0.08% - 0.11%, exchangeable potassium is 18.0 mg/kg – 240 mg/kg. The grain – freckled – various grassy mesophyle underforest meadows occupy great areas in the zone. They expand in the forest surroundings and forest fields. After spring rainfalls the motley, succulent, dense pasture with a height of 30-40 cm is created in the meadows in the first half of summer. The grain-freckled-various grassy, bushy meadows formation is formed of the thorny bushes and perennial polycarps. These spotting formations expand at 1900 meter above sea-level, especially in the foothill villages surrounding. The whole development of the meadows consisting of bushes meets by chance in the first half of summer. Partly xerophyte perennials and bushes continue their vegetation in some places. From the bushes and trees mountain ash, arrow-wood, spiraea, birch, hawthorn, dog-rose, honey-suckle are found in these meadows. The hawthorn from the bushes develop with a high abundance. A formation class of the grain-freckled-various grassy, bushy meadows is represented by the grain and leguminous plants. An analysis of the plant density on sorts in the grain-freckled-various grassy mesophyle meadows and a cluster analysis on height were performed and the plants were combined in 2 main and 7 bottom groups, but the plants are joint in 2 main and 5 bottom groups for the height. The forest surrounding dry meadows are distinguished from the described meadows for xeromorph floristic and less density of the pasture. The flavescens, Vicia elegans, Helichrysm plicatum, Xeranthemum squarrosum, Thalicitrum minus and other sorts are characteristic for density.
Keywords: Mallow, underforest meadow plant, structure and sort content
103 THE VARIETIES OF PEACH VARIETIES INTRODUCED IN THE GUBA-KHACHMAZ REGION ACTIVE DEVELOPMENT PHASES
Z.F. SARHADOVA
Guba Research Institute of Fruit- and Tea-growing, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan; E-mail: [email protected]
The ability to produce high-quality and low-cost fruits in line with market requirements determines who will stay in the market. Peach plant (Prúnus pércica) is a Families of the Rosaceae, every year is very faster yields. The usual peach semisweet nectarine (Prunus persica nucipersica) has a smooth peel, unlike peach fruits. The soil-climatic conditions of our Republic are favorable for the cultivation of this plant. Recently, the cultivation technology of peach plant is relatively easy, highly productive and cost-effective. It has increased demand for this plant, especially its nectarine group. 18 new varieties of peach and nectar were brought to our country under the scientific cooperation agreement signed with the Institute of Fruit and Tea Research and the Spanish Viveros Veron Company and their research works were started. The research work is carried out at the Zardabi Scientific Practical Center of the Institute in the area of 0,15 hectares in the test area planted by 5x3 m planting on the basis of Spanish technology. The Experiments of the name Michur on the basis the methodology of GIS was evaluated on the phenolic phases of varieties, biometric indicators, resistance to disease and pests. During the observations, the varieties of covered the dates of March 27-April 9, 2018, and were rapidly flourishing in the Gaytero, Garteda varieties, Meloks 26, Netiks 25, Rediks 25, Maliks 25, Rediks 27, Netiks 30, Guayoks 30, Guayoks 35, Rediks 30, Meloks 31, Rediks 2-110, Netiks 34 varieties have been recorded as medium flowering, Netiks 28, Maliks 36, Maliks 145 and Meloks 37 as late bloomers. Fruit Growing Includes Rediks 25, Maliks 25, Netiks 25, Rediks 27, Rediks 30, Gaytero, Garteda - Maliks 145, Maliks 36, Guayoks 35, Guayoks 30, covering July 02 to September 15, 2018 Meloks 31, Meloks 37 are divided into late-growing varieties. Thus, the flow of active varieties of peach plant varieties lasted 221 days. The Garteda varieties differ according to the mass of fruits (235 g) and medium (172.5 g). Netiks 34 - 27.8 m2, Maliks 25 - 8.2 m2 were distinguished according to the average leaf surface of one tree.
Keywords: Peach plant, peach varieties, intoduction, phenology
104 FACTORS DETERMINING THE QUALITY OF FLOUR AND USE DIRECTION
S.A. ASADOVA
Research Institute of Crop Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan; E-mail: [email protected]
Since the world's bread wheat production is the most widespread food sector due to is important that the newly created varieties have high baking qualities.In this regard, research was conducted at the "Grain Quality" Laboratory of Research Institute of Crop Husbandry and the flour obtained from local wheat varieties is grouped as strong, medium and weak.Prolongation of dough formation and kneading time is explained by the high quantity and quality of gluten, while the high value of dough softening indicates the flour weakness.From this point of view, this grouping allows to intended use of wheat varieties. At the studyies üere focused on bread wheat varieties Gobustan, Girmzi gul 1, Murov 2 and Fatima.The main purpose was to determine the strength of the flour obtained from bread wheat varieties by farinograph. For this the percentage of flour water absorbation, dough development time, dough stability time, mixing time and departure time (farinograf value) were determined.Considering that the amount of water added to flour has a direct impact on elasticity of dough and quality of baked bread, the amount of water added to the flour was adjusted according to the specification feature so as not to lose viscoelastic properties. At the studied variety Gobustan, dough developmenttime was 0.9 min., dough stability time 5.8 min., departure time - 71 (f. V.), at Girmzi gul 1 respectively 0.9 min., 10.0 min, 48 (f.v.), at Murov 2 - 2.0 min., 2.8 min, 75 (f.v.) and at Fatima - 0.9 min, 11.5 min, 20 (f.v.). The variety Fatima on farinograf value (f.v.) belonged to a strong flour group. Thus, it is possible to conclude that by definiton ofthe farinograf value in a short period of time could be given accurate information about the breadmaking quality of the varieties. Based on thefarinograms, as a representative of a strong flour group is recommended use of Fatima and Girmzi gul 1 varieties as improvers of breadmaking quality.
Keywords: Wheat, garin, flour, quality, farinogram
105 INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT FERTILIZER NORMS ON PRODUCTIVITY OF MIXED SOWING OF RAPE, VETCH AND OATMEAL PLANTS ON GRAY-BROWN SOILS OF ABSHERON
N.M. SEYIDOV
Research Institute of Crop Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan; E-mail: [email protected]
To meet the food demand of the rapidly growing world population is one of the global problems of the modern era. In this regard, livestock products have also great importance in meeting our country's demand for food products. First of all, we need to create a solid feed base for develop livestock. For this purpose, in Absheron AEF of Research Institute of Crop Husbandry, in 4 options and 4 repeats, the experiments have been conducted on mixed sowing of “Aligator” rape, “Leyla- 12” vetch and “Azerbaijan-60” oatmeal varieties of high nutritional and quality fodder plants in the form of irrigation in 30m2 areas. These processes were shown in the following scheme. I option: control- rape + vetch and oatmeal non-fertilizer; II option: N50P40K50; III option: N60P50K60; IV option: N70P80K60. Influence of mineral fertilizers on the product of green mass and dry grass of rape, vetch and oatmeal plants has been studied in the years 2015-2017.Thus, according to the results of three years, the average yield of green mass was 379.5 c / ha, total income from 1 hectare was 1897.5 AZN, net profit was 797.5 AZN, 1 centner green mass prime cost was 2.89 AZN and profitability was 72.5%, but in the N70P80K60 option, the yield of green mass were 671.7 c / ha, total income from 1 hectare was 3358.5 AZN, net profit was 2158.5 AZN, 1 centner green prime cost was 1.78 AZN and profitability was 179.8%.Compared with the control option, the increase was 76.9%.This means an additional green mass product of 292.2centner per hectare. The highest dry grass mass at the output of dry grass was in N70P80K60 option. In control option, 1 ha of dry grass was 83.66 centners, but it was 162.6 c / ha in the N70P80K60 option. The increase was 97.36% compared with the control option. According to the results of the 3-year research, the optimal version was N70P80K60. In the farms cultivated these plants, each hectare is fertilized with N70P80K60 and the field is plowed at a depth of 25-27 cm and in 2 ways softening with a disc plow in the first or second ten days of October, the sowing norm is assigned to the hectare, as compared with the "Aligator" autumn rape , the "Leyla-12" vetch and the "Azerbaijan-60"oatmeal varieties.2.5 million vetches - 112 kg, 1.5 million oatmeals- 72 kg, 1.2 million rapes-4-5 kg. Hectares total: 118 kg seeds are recommended.
Keywords: Plant, mixed sowing, green mass, dry grass, economic benefit
106 MEDICINAL PLANTS IN THE BOZGIR PLATEAU FLORA
Gunay M. NASIBOVA
Azerbaijan State Agrarian University
For satisfaction of needs of the Bozgir plateau and the population in natural flora is about 50 species (400-500 tons Glycyrrhiza glabra L., 50 tons Hippоphае rhаmnоidеs L. fruit, 50-60 tons Thymus sp., 50 tons Mаtricаriа chаmоmillа L., 4-5 tons Berberis vulgaris L., 3 tons Salvia officinalis flowers, 8 tons Hеlichrysum plicаtum DC., 6 tons Sаnbucus nigrа L. and etc.). The plants being continuously increased by means of the parameters achieved during the phytocenologyical evaluation carried out at in-situ populations of the medicinal plants, or vice-versa, their decrease have been prognosticated preliminarily. It was realized that young and generative development of the vegetable specimen in the populations belonged to Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (fig 1). Species of the used as medicinal plants in the Bozgir plateau were continuous. However amount of the specimen at cinil and subcinil phases in the Аstrаgаlus dаsyаnthus Pаll. species was twice more than it was in immature and generative phases of the plant that cause a gradual decrease of these populations. Restoration activities should be carried out at in-situ populations of such plants.
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0 j im v g1 g2 g3 s, ss
Fig. 1. Ontogenesis Structure of the Glycyrrhiza glabra L. species in 2017.
It is clearly seen from the diagrammes that ontogenesis structure of the U.dioica species in the regions (Nakhichevan AR, The Small Caucasus and the Great Caucasus) are the same, id.est.the aged individuals (s,ss) were being sharply decreased in the populations. Generation of new individuals, abondance of (j, im and v) phases and also the generative development is in the maximum limit (g1-g3) proove it once more. In the same years a cenological evaluation at the natural phytocenoses of another medisinal plant Аstrаgаlus dаsyаnthus Pаll.species has been carried out; a keen narrowing was observed at its populations. 3-yeard integrated ontogenic structure of the plant were specified in fig.2
Fig. 2. Cenopopulation structure of А. dаsyаnthus species according to 2016-2018 years.
The article is dealt with the maintenance of the ecological balance and protection of some medicinal plants of the region. Methods of population awareness and training education of ecology are recommended along with the administrative measures. Having multiplied remained copies it is possible to reproduce the previous resources and areal of medicinal plants for a short period.
Keywords: Medicinal plants, population, phythocenology, ecosystem protection 107 CHARACTERISTIC PECULIARITIES OF SUAEDATA-SALSOLETUM- PETROSIMONIOSUM FORMATION (MIL STEPPE OF AZERBAIJAN)
K.A. ASADOVA
Baku State University; E-mail: [email protected]
Environmental protection, as well as rational usage of phytocenosises or plant cover at natural winter pastures has a great importance in our days. Main characteric formations found at desert and semidesert vegetation types of Mil steppe are differ from each other on phytocenological structure, species content, fodder capacity. We have prepared guidelines on rational usage, improving of those phytocenosises. Differences of relief and soil-climate factors at winter pastures of researched area caused to formation of natural phytocenosis. Herbariums which collected from plant cover were systematized and identified based on new taxons on “Flora of Azerbaijan”, species names were given on S.K.Cherepanov, V.C.Hajiyev and T.E.Gasimova. At desert type vegetation of researched area Suaedaeta-Salsoletum-Petrosimoniosum, Salsoleta-Artemisietum-Petrosimoniosum, Salicornietum-Petrosimoniosum, Tamarixeta-Artemisietum-Petrosimoniosum and Salsoleta- Petrosimonietum-Aeluropusosum formations are found at saline and alkaline meadow-grey soils. At the same time Artemisietum-Salsoletum formation is found at grey-meadow soils at semidesert vegetation. 19 kinds of higher flowering plants were found at the species content of Suaedata- Salsoletum-Petrosimoniosum formation; on biomorphological and life forms of species 2 ones (10.5%) are shrubs, 1 species (5.3%) is subshrub, 5 species (26.3%) are perennials, 1 species (5.3%) is biennials, 4 species (21.0%) annuals and 6 species (31.6%) are ephemers. These species were analysed on ecological classification and it was defined that 6 species (31.6%) are xerophytes, 9 species (47.4%) are halophytes, 2 species (10.5%) are mesophytes and 2 species (10.5%) are mesoxerophytes. Dominant of the formation is Petrosimonia brachiata (Pall.) Bunge, abundance is 3-4 pounds, subdominant is Salsola dendroides (C.A.Meyer) Moq., abundance is 2-3 pounds and Suaeda dendroides (C.A.Mey) Moq. abundance is 2 pounds. Plant cover is three layered; general plant cover changes between 50-70%. Improving anthropogenic and technogenic influences, as well as extremely grazing of desert and semidesert vegetation by cattle, the plant cover of winter pastures was become salted and digression was occured. For prevention of such negative effects it is recommended rational use and implementation of improving measures for Mil steppe phytocenosis.
Keywords: Formation, dominant, subdominant, desert, phytocenosis
108 INVESTIGATION OF BIOECOLOGICAL FEATURES OF SOME WOODEN RARE PLANTS USED FOR GREENHOUSES IN ABSHERON
S.B. ASLANZADEH
Baku State University; E-mail: [email protected]
As we know, the preservation of the ecological balance, the protection of natural resources, including rare. To solve these problems, the environment should be protected and the natural resources should be used efficiently and the plants needing protection should be used on a larger scale in the greenhouse work plants, is one of the most important problems facing people. According to the results of the studies carried out by national about 189 species of üooden plants need protectionş. According to the literature data (Gurbanov, Isgender, 2015), there are 467 species of trees and bushes in the flora of Azerbaijan. It turns out that woody plants that need protection are 38% of the total number of trees and shrubs in our flora. The need for conservation of such species means theft of excitement. The first edition of the« Red Data Book» of Azerbaijan in 1989 and the second edition in 2013 were published.In the first edition of 140 rare plants and mushrooms, in the second edition 300 rare plants and mushrooms were included in the book. In 2013, 50 species of rare woods were included in the book and hazard categories were identified. Taxonomic composition of trees and shrubs used in greenery in the Absheron peninsula includes 362 species of 66 breeds of 158 species (Mammadov et al., 2017). The research literature on personal observations and data (Novruzov, Alexander, 2018) used in the greening of the city through the use of rare and endangered flora and 35 species belonging to 24 families have been identified in 46 species of woody plants. It was found that 30 species (65%) of the introducers were trees, 11 species (23%) bushs, 2 species (4%) semi-arteries, and 3 species (6%) were swollen plants. Studies have shown that the following types of fossils are dominant in greenery: Rosaceae (7 species), Fabaceae (2 species), Cupressaceae (2 species), Pinaceae (1 species), Aceraceae (2 species), Moraceae (1 species), Fagaceae (5 species), Anacardiaceae (2 species), Celtidaceae ( 2 species), Ulmaceae (2 species) Paulowniaceae (1species). Higher taxonomic indicators in intrudentials are as follows: 5 types of naked seed plants and 41 species of flowering plants. 11% of total species belong to naked seed plants, and 89% belong to flowering plants.
Keywords: Absheron, greenery, rare, bioecological, conservation
109 THE ORDER ERYSIPHALES IN AZERBAIJAN: TAXONOMY AND HOST PLANTS
L.V. ABASOVA
Institute of Botany, Azerbaijan National Academy Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
Powdery mildews (Erysiphales) are major significant and widely spread plant pathogens. Taxonomy and systematics of this group have been fundamentally changed last 20 years based on detail morphological examinations and molecular-phylogenetic analysis. We conducted detail study on powdery mildews in Azerbaijan due to the limited and outdated information on diversity of this group. Achieved results broaden our knowledge on these fungi and their host range. Systematic and taxonomic studies of these fungi were performed, nomenclature changes were considered. The taxonomic status of 30 fungal taxa was clarified based on morphological and molecular- phylogenetic analysis. In total, 134 fungal taxa from 10 genera of the order Erysiphales were determined on 420 angiosperm plant species. Erysiphe is the largest and widely spread genus within the Erysiphaceae and consists of 52 fungal taxa in the country. Remaining 21 taxa belong to the genus Podosphaera, 20 to Golovinomyces, 18 to Phyllactinia and 16 species to Leveillula. Other five genera (Arthrocladiella, Blumeria, Euoidium, Neoprysiphe and Sawadaea) are quite small in numbers and represented with one or two fungal species. Revealed host plants belong to 28 orders, 51 families and 230 genera in Azerbaijan and spread among six plant groups. Great number of powdery mildew pathogens recorded on host plants that belong to the Asterids and Rosids groups. Other three groups, Eudicots, Superasterids and Superrosids include few plants and fungal species in it. Powdery mildews mainly spread on plants of Asteraceae, Fabaceae and Rosaceae families that widely occur in the country. Among hosts 210 represent economically important plants of which 67 are food, 45 are ornamental, 35 are medicinal and 35 species are fodder plants and all of them infected by 98 powdery mildew fungi.
Keywords: Erysiphaceae, family, genus, powdery mildews, plant groups
110 VEGETATION OF WINTER PASTURES OF THE SHIRVAN TERRITORY OF AZERBAIJAN
T.E. GASIMZADE
Institute of Dendrology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences
The territory of Shirvan has huge plant resources and the indispensable natural and fodder base for transhumant animal husbandry and the procurement of medicinal, technical, and other useful plants used in various industries. In the flora of the region there are 2061 species of higher spore, gymnosperms and flowering plants belonging to 144 families and 764 genera. The value of the vegetation cover of the winter pastures of the region is not limited only by fodder value. It is also a rich source of useful plants for integrated use. However, these huge natural plant resources are used irrationally. Pasture load and fodder potential are still low and do not meet the requirements of the current pace of livestock development. To improve, as well as increase the productivity of summer and winter pastures are necessary to carry out a number of measures and agrotechnical works. The tasks of such practical issues include the washing of washed-out slopes, the increase of meadows with the use of sowing and sowing valuable forage grasses in pure form and in grass mix. The moderm condition of vegetation and fodder resources of winter pastures of the Shirvan regions of Azerbaijan have been studied. Number of experiments for improve the highly embossed and deserted phytocenoses have been carried out. Practical recommendations to improve and increase the yield of fodder land, which is the main food base for transhumant livestock and a rich source of useful plants for integrated use have been developed. However, the forage resources of the region are used irrationally, the composition and structure of the vegetation of these pastures has generally worsened. To improve and increase of them productivity is necessary to carry out a number of urgent engineering, technical and agrotechnical work. Pasture lands should be checked in advance by livestock experts, veterinarians, farm owners and shepherds (choban) to identify the presence of poisonous plants, the installation of prohibitive and warning signs. Gradually accustom animals to grazing in the territories of new pastures should be done. At the beginning of the season of pasturage must to graze them on few weeds and choose areas for the first time to be grazed where are absolutely no poisonous plants. Pastures everywhere should be permanently attached to certain farms and distributed among individual farmers, individuals who would be faced with specific tasks and requirements for improving and effective use of these lands.
Keywords: Fodder resources, winter pastures, irrational use, improvement, practical measures
111 DIVERSITY OF THE MUSHROOMS OF THE SHAKI DISTRICT OF AZERBAIJAN
E. H. MUSTAFABEYLI, A. A. ALIMAMMADOVA
Institute of Botany, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
Herbarium samples and available literature on mushrooms of Shaki district are very scarse. The purpose of this study was to investigate diversity and to reveal systematic composition of mushrooms occuring in this district. Mushrooms were collected considering various seasons and different altitudes above sea level during 2013-2018 years. Phenotypic indicators were marked, photos were taken, dried and more than 400 herbarium samples were prepared. Spore print of the samples was examined under the microscope Zeiss Axio, Vert. A1, identification was carried out according to all morphological features. The result of investigation displayed that phylum Ascomycota of fungi represented with 9 species belonging to the genera Acetabula, Helvella residing to the order Pezizales. These species are very common in the grasslands, foothills and mountain type forest habitats. The phylum Basidiomycota was the richest in number of species and also was well spread. The order Agaricales was represented with 41 taxa (40 species, 1 variation) of 28 genera, belonging to the families Agaricaceae, Amanitaceae, Cortinariaceae, Crepidotaceae, Hymenogasteraceae, Inocybaceae, Lyophyllaceae, Marasmiaceae, Mycenaceae, Physalacriaceae, Plutaceae, Psathyrellaceae and Tricholomataceae. The number of species belonging to the order Boletales was 31 taxa (23 species, 6 forms, 2 variations) of 9 genera belonging to the families Boletaceae, Gomphidiaceae, Rhizopogonaceae and Suillaceaae. Identified species in the order Russulales was 12 residing to the 3 genera of the families Auriscalpiaceae and Russulaceae. Only five species were recorded belonging to the 2 genera of the family Polyporaceae of the order Polyporales. Other orders were significantly small in number of recorded species. Such as only 1 genus and 1 species were recorded for the following families and orders: families Clavariadelphaceae, Gomphaceae of the order Gomphales; the family Geastraceae of the order Geastrales; the family Sclerotiniaceae of the order Helotiales; the family Bankeraceae of the order Thelophorales; the family Tremellaceae of the order Tremellales. Mass growth of mushrooms observed mainly in the end of spring, in the begining and mid of summer. But Armillaria novae- zelandiae, Flammulina velutipes, Pluteus pellitus, Mycetinis scrodonius, Mycena pura also were recorded in the end of November and till the mid of December.
Keywords: Fungus, genus, mushroom, species, taxa
112 SOME PROSPECTIVE PLANTS BELONGING TO THE CAMPANULACEAE JUSS. FAMILY SPREAD IN THE FLORA OF NAKHCHIVAN AUTONOMOUS REPUBLIC
A.S. NASIROVA
Bioresources Institute, Nakhchivan Branch of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mal: [email protected]
Although the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic has been studied commonly, there is little information about the Campanulaceae Juss. family, chosen by its decorative features. Therefore, there have been ingestigated the determination of the taxonomic composition of the family and the identification of the usage perspectives of the significant species by us. A comprehensive study of the Campanulaceae Juss. family plants on the scientific basis and the identification of useful species are extremely important. In the research work of “The flora of Azerbaijan” by A.A.Grossheim there have been showen that 14 species belonging to 4 genera of the family have been found in the area of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. In the research work of “Флора Азербайджана” it has been noted that 24 species of 4 generas have been spread in Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. T.H. Talibov and A.Sh. Ibrahimov have noted on their book of "Taxonomic spectrum of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic" that there are 23 species belonging to 3 generas in the autonomous republic. In the book of “Конспект флора Кавказа” there have been given the latter systematic content of the family. According to the results of the research, as well as literature data, it has been found that Campanulaceae Juss. family is represented 3 generas, 20 species and 6 varieties in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. More than 2,300 species belonging to the over 80 generas have been spread in throughout the globe, they are mostly found in mild, subtropical, tropical zones and mostly mountainous. There have been spread 79 species of 5 generas in the Caucasus, including 38 species beloning to the 5 generas in Azerbaijan. Bellflower is composed 6 varieties, 20 species and 3 generas spread spread in the flora of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. This forms 52.63% of Bellflower family that spread in Azerbaijan Republic. Some members of the Bellflower family have been successfully cultivated in botanical gardens for a long time, as important ornamental plants. Thus, many species of Campanula L. genus are grown in ornamental horticulture in Central Europe and North America for their beautiful flowers. Campanula glomerata L., C. latifolia L., C. tridentata Scherb., C. stevenii Bieb. species, which are found in the wild in our country, are also highly decorative. About half a century ago A.V. Fomin have cultivated many representatives of Caucasian Bellflower in Tiflis Botanical Garden. There is a large collection of numerous wild and decorative species of the family at Botanical Gardens of Botanical Institute named after AL Komarov in St. Petersburg. Within the rich vegetation of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, the Campanulaceae family is of special importance for their decorative character and beautiful appearance. Taking these into consideration, in the future, the decorative representatives of the Campanulaceae family can be used very well in ornamental- horticulture. For this purpose, wild representatives of the family should have been cultivated in accordance with their decorative properties and there should have been prepared the scientific basis for their usage in decorative-gardening, greenery, as well as decorative purposes. As the decorative features of the species spread in the autonomous republic are insufficiently studied, some of the prospective species [Campanula glomerata L., C. latifolia L., C. rapunculoides L., C. daralaghezica (Grossh.) Kolak et Serdjukova, C. zangezura (Lipsky) Kolak et Serdjukova, C. karakuschensis Grossh., C. bayerniana Rupr., C. coriaceae P.H. Davis, C. tridentata Scherb., C. stevenii Bieb., Michauxia laevigata Vent.] in the accordance of their decorative properties have been studied by us. Thus, according to the results of scientific researches, there has been identified the successful usage in decoration of gardening and ornamental horticulture according to their beautiful appearance of 11 species of Campanulaceae Juss. family.
Keywords: Campanula, family, genus, species, decorative, ornamental, horticulture 113 TOXIGENIC FUNGI INVOLVED IN THE FORMATION OF PLANTS WHICH ARE USED FOR DIFFERENT PURPOSES IN AZERBAIJAN
K.F. BAKHSHALIYEVA
Institute of Microbiology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
At present, one of the major problems is an increase the humans and along with them increasing number of diseases causes by fungi. Possibility infected to infection diseases caused by pathogenic, allergenic fungi depends on the state of the immune system of humans. The violation of the immune reaction usually causes infection to become chronic and causes to develop of aggravation. At the same time, some microorganisms shows resistance to the against of drugs and its resistance rises year by year. In the treatment of people medicinal plants as a source of natural preparation have a major importance. For this various substance obtained from the plants including essential oils and medicals has a large pharmacological activity. Thus, differentness of plant from each others spread in the nature by component compositions are causes differ of their impact mechanisms. If consider to the attention that in the formation of mycobiota of plants which we for different purpose involves toxigenic and phytopathogenic fungi then it is important to study them. For this purpose during last years was carried out researches and became clear that in the formation of mycobiota of most plants are involved toxigenic fungi such as Aspergillus flavus, A.ochraeus, Cladosporium herbarium, Fusarium moniliforma, F.oxysporum, Penicillium citrinum and P.cyclopium and their frequencies of the prevalence are between 40,5-60,2% in the area of Azerbaijan. This fungi are synthesizes mycotoxins such as Aflatoxins, Ochratoxins, Citrinin, Patulin, Fumonisins and other which is dangerous for the human health. Also was detrmine that, 80 species from 142 belongs wich indentifield during research belongs to toxigenic fungi, and in the result of phytotoxic activity relative to the plant determined that 19(50% higher) fungi have shown strong, 35(between 10-50%) medium and 25(10% less) weak phytotoxic activity. The phytotoxicity of 2 toxigenic fungi species (Cephalosporium roseum and Sordaria lappae) has been identified the first time during the research. The research revealed that the number of fungi in the mycobiota of the plant used for different purposes by humans, mainly on the medicinal plants, decreases antimicrobial activity. İt can be used as a mycology ensure principles of plant materials which used for different purposes by population and can be used as the basic data for the preparation of normative documents.
Keywords: Mycobiota, toxgen, allergies, medical plants, mycotoxins
114 TYPE VARIETY OF LAND INFUSORIANS OF FORESTS OF KHACHMAZ DISTRICT
A. G. HASANOVA
Baku State University
It is known that, with the use of modern cytological methods, silver impregnation method of land infusorians have begun to be studied more slowly than the sea and freshwater species. The role of the primeval in the biological processes in the land biocenosis is very large.Land infusorians, on the one hand, intensify production processes, feeding on bacteria, including pathogenic species, on the other hand, actively participate in land self-cleaning and increasing productivity. Land infusorians in Azerbaijan are actively studied in Protozoology Laboratory of Zoology Institute of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences. However, the infusorians fauna of forest and cultivated lands in Khachmaz district has not been investigated yet. Therefore, we plan to conduct such a research. Material harvested from forest and cultivated lands in Khachmaz district for 2016-2017 years. The material was investigated at the Protozoology Laboratory of the Institute of Zoology of ANAS. During the whole research period, 48 types of land infusorians were registered by us. Most of the found species (42%) are typical representatives of land fauna and belong to family of Microthoracidae, Colpodidae. Most of these infusorians are found in the early spring to the rnd of the fall and reach the massive development when the humidity in forest lands is maximized. Minimal type varieties have been recorded by us in winter. During this period, 8 species were registered in the forest lands consisting of representatives of the breeders of Cristigera, Cyclidium, as well as Protocyclidium and Homologastra. Comparative analysis of varieties of forest and cultivated agrochemical soil showed that varieties of cultivated lands are far behind the species rich in raw lands. Depending on collection points of sample, the variety of species in the forest lands is 3-5 times higher than the cultivated land. On the other hand, fertilizers given by human beings cause a sharp increase in bacteria, single-celled algae and etc. which enters into the food spectrum of infusorians that live freely and as a result, the total number of land infusorians is rising. It should be noted that only some types of agrochemicals reach mass development.
Keywords: Land infusoria, cultivation, Microthoracidae, Colpodidae, agrochemicals
115 COMPARISON OF COLEOPTERA FAUNAS IN CEREAL PLANT SENOZES OF THE PHYSICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS OF AZERBAIJAN
G.E. GAHRAMANOVA
Absheron Experimental Station of the Research Institute of Plant Protection and Technical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan; E-mail: [email protected]
Estimations were made using literature and personal information to determine the similarities and distinctions between the Coleoptera faunas spread in cereal plant senozes in various regions of Azerbaijan. We collected the entomological material in the Small Caucasus and the Kura Intermontane Depression regions. We first used faunistic similarity analysis of Brey-Curtis. According to the obtained dendrogram the greatest similarity (74.77%) was recorded during the comparison of the Coleoptera faunas of the Small Caucasus and the Kura Intermontane Depression region. The least similarity (48.52%) was observed among all the regions and the Middle Araz region. This occurs due to the different physical and geographical conditions of the territory, the complex geological structure, harsh winter, very hot summer and vegetation. For more complete information, we compared the Coleoptera faunas of the cereal plant senozes in the physical and geographical regions of Azerbaijan using the Sorensen-Chekanovskiy Index. The largest index of the Sorensen-Chekanovskiy was recorded during the comparison of faunas of the Small Caucasus and the Kura Intermontane Depression regions: 42.14%. Because landscapes and vegetation of the autumn wheat growing areas of two territories are similar. The lowest index was recorded in the comparison of cereal plant senozes in Nakhchivan and Small Caucasian regions: 29.86%. This is attributed to the sharp distinction between landscapes and climatic conditions of Nakhchivan and Small Caucasian regions.
Keywords: Coleoptera, Sorensen-Chekanovskiy Index, Brey-Curtis index, cereals
116 ONTOGENETIC STRUCTURE OF RARE IRIS SPECIES COENOPOPULATIONS IN GANJA-GAZAKH BOTANICAL AREA OF AZERBAIJAN
A. ASKEROVA
Azerbaijan State Agrarian University
Ontogenetic structure of species of the Iris L. genus of Iridaceae Juss. family has been studied during the investigation of rare plants of Ganja-Gazakh territory and ascertained that area was narrow at İris camillae Grossh., Iris iberica Hoffm., Iris primula L., Iris alexeenkoi Grossh. and Iris schelkownikowii (Fomin) Fomin species and they’re not so much.
Ontogenetic structure of species of the Iris (2015-2016)
Figure 1. Iris alexeenkoi Grossh. Figure 2. Iris pumila L.
Figure 3. Iris schelkownikowii Figure 4. Iris camillae Grossh. (Fomin) Fomin
Coenopopulations of species has been investigated; the reasons of natural locality decrease were studied (Iris pumila ω=0.29-0.36; Iris schelkownikowii ω=0.35-0.39; Iris camillae ω=0.34- 0.37); measurements were developed for their restoration.
Keywords: Rare species, İris, ontogenetic structure, coenopopulations
117 COMPOSITION OF SPECIES OF ZOOPLANKTON IN SHAMKIR WATER RESERVOIR
N.V. DILANOVA
Baku State University
Zooplankton Shamkir water reservoir. Zooplankton has a special place in complex Hydrology biological research activities conducted in Shamkir water reservoir. As it is clear Zooplankton is forming major part of ecological group of fauna occur in water. At the moment (2017-2018) 55 species of zooplankton, we can meet in water reservoir whereas 16 species of them are Rotatories, 8 species of copapera cancers, 72 species are quadrocera cancers. There had been found 46 species among zooplanktons in 1986. On the numbers of species Rotatories are in first place, quadrocera cancers are in second place . Species in comparison to zoo plankton are unevenly distributed based on seasons. 40 species had been found in summer season, 21 species were found in fall. It should be mentioned that in Zooplankton Shamkir water reservoir in all seasons of the year Rotatories are dominating over cancers on the number of their species. Although there is a difference in composition on species on planktons according to seasons there are some species that are permanent components during summer and autumn. It includes: S. pectinata, P.vulgaris, A. priodonta, L. luna, L. ovalis, E. dilatata , B.calyciflorus, K.coohlearis, K. quadrata, D. brachyurum, D.longispina, Ch. Sphaericus, S. sarsi, A. acutilobatus, M.fuscus, M. leuckarti, Th. dybowskii etc. In general, 83 percent of zooplankton are adapted to warm seasons of the year E.G spring and summer seasons. There had been found only 29 species in zooplankton in 2018. In comparison to 2017 3 more species were added this year. Along with these the species had been found in 1966 are Trichocerca longiseta, S. oblonga, P. remata, P. doliaris, M. albidus, E. serrulatus, Harpacticoida. These species were almost lost forever and instead of them the new ones appeared: T. elongata , S. tremula, P. truncatum, E. triquetra, C. quadeangula, S. vetulus, Ch. ovalis. There had been discovered only 26 species of rotatori, 14 species of copapera and 9 species of quadrocera cancers. However, not all of them can be found in every part of water reservoir at the same time. 7 species of rotori, 2 species of copapera and 4 species of quadrocera cancers are equally distributed in all parts of water reservoir. It has to be emphasized that zooplankton of Shamkir water reservoir is consisted of the species widely spread in fresh water reservoirs.
Keywords: Zooplankton, number dynamics, cancers, rotatoria, biomass
118 FLORISTIC ANALYSIS OF JUNIPER SPECIES IN AZERBAIJAN
A. RZAEVA
Baku State University; E-mail: [email protected]
The presented research is devoted to the conducted biomorphological, ecological, geographical study of Juniper, the study of its phenology and the improvement of its introduction methods. Nowadays Juniper is the most important part of arid forests of Azerbaijan Republic. As it turned out, there are 5 species of Juniper (Juniperus L.) in the wild flora of Azerbaijan. Cossack juniper (Juniperus sabina L.), common juniper (Juniperus communis L.), many-fruited juniper (Juniperus polycarpos C.Koch.), smelly juniper ( Juniperus foetdissima Willd.) and red juniper ( Juniperus rufescens Link.).The distribution areas of the noted species were identified and reflected on the map. The classification depending on life forms of juniper species according to Raunkier shows their belonging to phanophytes (mesophanerophytes). In order to study the biomorphological phases of the development of smelly juniper (Juniperus foetidissima Willd.), plants were studied in the territory of the Turianchay State Reserve and Shakhbuz region of the Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic. The biomorphological phases of development of these plants were determined according to the Gatsuk system. It was found that in the territory of Turianchai State Reserve plants are found mostly in the juvenile phase (18 samples, 72%) and in the territory of the Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic at the stage of immatur (42%).In the Turianchay State Reserve, the growth and development of the many –fruited juniper (Juniperus polycarpos C.Koch.) was observed under different conditions. It became known that the coefficient of the effect of light intensity on the development of plants is about 0.3. In a geographical study of the species of common juniper (Juniperus communis L.) in Azerbaijan, different types of formations formed in the presence of various species of this plant were observed and the species composition of these formations was also analyzed. In order to study the percentage of growth, in different conditions, seeds were distributed in 3 groups. In the scarified and stratified seeds, a result of 8% growth was obtained, but only in the stratified 2% result. The phenological phases of common juniper (Juniperus communis L.), red juniper (Juniperus rufescens Link.), many –fruited juniper (Juniperus polycarpos C.Koch.) and smelly juniper (Juniperus foetidissima Willd.) were observed and compared with the experimental conditions in Turianchai State Nature Reserve and Institute of Dendrology of ANAS on the Absheron Peninsula.
Keywords: Juniperus L., Floristic analysis
119 PERSPECTIVE OF USE OF RHUS CORIARIA L. IN THE MEDICINE AND FOOD INDUSTRY
A.E. ABBASOVA
Institute of Botany, Azerbaijan National Academy Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
Rhus coriaria commonly known as Sumac is a flowering shrub, which belongs to Anacardiaceae family in the order of Sapindales that contains about 81 genera and more than 800 species. Sumac is a perennial bushy shrub of about 3-meter height, growing wild in Mediterranean areas, North Africa, Middle East, Iran, Afghanistan and Azerbaijan. It originates from the Mediterranean countries. In general, sumac can grow in non-agriculturally viable regions and various species have been used by indigenous cultures for medicinal and other purposes, suggesting potential for commercializing the bioactivity of this plant without competing for food production land uses. In the light of the significance of sumac uses in food seasoning, folklore medicine and industry, Rhus coriaria has long been investigated to expose its chemical composition. R. coriaria plant is known as an abundant source of tannins (condensed and hydrolysable), phenolic acids, anthocyanins, gallic acid derivatives, flavonoid glycosides, organic acids. The dried drupes are usually ground to produce a tangy purple spice. In folk medicine, it is used for treatment of indigestion, anorexia, hemorrhages, and hyperglycemia [5-7]. The main compounds in sumac are hydrolysable tannins and substantial amounts of flavonoids. Rhus coriaria has been reported to possess antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, DNA protective, vascular smooth muscle cell migration inhibition, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic activities. Moreover, this plant has traditionally and widely been used in the treatment of diabetes , stroke and cancer , in the digestive tract maladies such as ulcer, diarrhea, stomach tonic, stomachache, and hemorrhoids pain , diuresis, anorexia, measles, smallpox, hyperglycemia, gum ailments, hypertension , atherosclerosis , dysentery, conjunctivitis, hematemesis, hemoptysis, and leucorrhea, dermatitis, ophthalmia, and liver disease, besides it was also used for throat treatment and in addition as abortifacient. Furthermore, recent, studies have shown that sumac possesses potent antioxidant activities, likely due to its phenolic compounds. The plant extracts can be used to search for bioactive natural products that help in the development of new drugs and food preservatives; it is also worthy to point out the important role of the plant in industry in view of many recent findings and its potential for future research.
Keywords: Sumac, medicinal, phenolic acids, tannins, plant extracts
120 ONTOGENETIC STRUCTURE AND VARIABILITY OF MORPHOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF RARE SPECIES OF OPHRYS CAUCASICA WORONOW EX GROSSH.
N. MURSAL
Institute of Botany, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
The genus Ophrys L. has 40 species which are distributed in Europe, West Asia and North America, four of them are in Caucasus and three in Azerbaijan. Among the representatives of this genus, decorative and medicinal species are encountered. The purpose of our present study is a rare endemic species Ophrys caucasica Woronow ex Grossh., which included in the Red Book (2013) of Azerbaijan. The investigations were conducted in the spring-summer 2017-2018 in Khizi and Khachmaz region. Ontogenetic (age) spectrum, the type of coenopopulation (CP), morphometric analysis, the degree of variation of individuals of O.caucasica, characteristics of distribution of individuals in the population were studied by classic and modern methods. CP 1 – was studied on the grassy slopes in Yarimca district of Khizi region and CP 2 in Yalama beech-hornbeam forest (Faguseto-Carpinusetum) of Khachmaz region. In CP 1 and CP 2 the percent of pregenerative individuals are respectively 65%, 61%, generative individuals 33%, 35%, postgenerative individuals 2%, 4%. The type of both CP is “young”. In CP 1 characteristics of distribution of individuals as equally type (Iod = 0.36) and in CP 2 as contagioz type (Iod= 2,31). The morphometric dimensions of O. caucasica show that the highest mark in CP1 is the height of plant (30.72±7.66) and the number of leaflets (19.36±2.78), but in CP 2 is the leaf width (2.02±0.49). Among other morphoparametres there is not much difference. Variation coefficients were used to study variability. In CP 1 the least variable parameter is height of plant (8%), but the highest- flower number (35%) and the bud width (34%) parametres. In CP 2 the least variable parameter is number of vessels (14%), the strongest - number of flowers (40%). However, in CP 2 the percentage of variation in morphoparametres is generally higher than SP 1.
Keywords: Rare species, ontogenesis, morphological variability
121 ABOUT INNOVATIVE RESEARCH OF HANDICRAFT PATTERNS OF GANJA BASED OF BİOCHEMICAL METHODS
S.L. HASANOV, E.L. HASANOV
Ganja Branch of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
In the territory of ancient Ganja have been carried out scientific researches, archaeologic and ethnographical investigations by local scientists together with foreign researchers with the purpose to study of historical formation and development of Urban culture. Because, one of the areas of initially appeared human civilization was an integral part of Azerbaijan, the historical land of the city Ganja. Scientific and archaeological researches have proved that Ganja was cradle of science and culture not only of Azerbaijan, but also of the whole East. During these scientific investigations have been used some main innovative academic methods: 1. Application of biochemical innovative technologic methods (as radiocarbon, dendrochronologic methods and etc.); 2. Research of local materials of craftsmanship patterns; 3. Determination of traditional methods and materials of handicraft wares on the basis of innovative roads; 4. For the first time research of problem of genesis of handicraft traditions on the basis of production technology and technique of local craftsmanship patterns of ancient and classical periods; 5. Foundation of the new scientific direction on ethnography and ethnology on the basis of investigation of sustainable historical features of handicraft branches in research of the historical past of formation and development of Urban culture. For the first time has been researched the significance of traditional craftsmanship patterns from ethnographic and archaeological point of view in investigation of development of features of urban culture in Ganja on the basis of scientific arguments. Were noted the main results of investigations of local researchers in this field with foreign scientists on the basis of application of innovative technologies and methods. In the future it would help to continue the both scientific-research works, also ethnographic and archaeological investigations, excavations and for the main academic results in this field. These scientific investigations have a great applicative significance. It is possible of production of these handicraft wares for ancient, classical and Mediavel periods on the basis of its production technology and materials in the modern time as new models.
Keywords: Ganja, traditional handicraft kinds, biochemical investigation, innovative research methods
122 ECOLOGICAL CONDITION OF SUMGAYIT LANDSCAPES
Ch.Z. BAGIROVA
Institute of Microbiology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
Optimization of landscapes is cosidered as the category of the main tasks of geoecological conservation of the environment, including urban areas. The unfavorable condition of the soil cover of the Absheron industrial region, on the territory of which the Sumgayit city was built and developed, requires an environmental assessment of the soil cover, and the development of the concept of sustainable land management and the urgent organization of a monitoring system, primarily in the areas of the influence of industrial facilities. Because Sumgayit is an industrial center with a developed chemical, metallurgical, engineering, light industry and production of building materials. The goal of our research in the assessment of the ecological properties of the landscapes of Sumgayit was to develop optimal environmental management regimes. The main environmental factors that determine the purification of ecosystem components from pollution are the natural and climatic conditions of the region: the climate, the soil type, wind, surface water, etc. Briefly, we will describe these factors for the landscapes of Sumgayit. The region is characterized by a climate of moderately warm semi-deserts and dry steppes with a dry summer. The total solar radiation varies from 130 to 135 kcal / cm2 per year. The amount of precipitation per year is 120- 150 mm. The average wind speed in Sumgyit is 6.1 m/s with fluctuations from 5.4 to 6.8 m/s. Northern winds prevail. The soil cover of landscapes is represented mainly by varieties of gray- brown soils. These soils are characterized by a low content of humus (1.2-1.8%), alkaline reaction of the environment, low absorption capacity (about 20 m-eq. per 100g of soil). The groundwater supply is small and largely mineralized. Its level rises due to wastewater of oilfield areas and industry. There are no open freshwater reservoirs that could be used for watering the vegetation in the city. However, there are significant environmental problems in the sanitary condition of the city. The main problem is significant contamination of the air basin with harmful impurities (carbon oxides, hydrogen sulfide, hydrocarbons, dust, etc.) and specific pollutants (chlorine, fluorides, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, lead, vanadium, manganese, cadmium, benzpyrene, benzene). Thus, in general, the climate of the region is arid, hot summer can contribute to the evaporation of organic pollutants deposited in the soil (hydrocarbons, oil products, etc.), and especially strong northern winds are favorable for cleaning atmospheric air from pollution created by vehicles and industrial emissions of volatiles.
Keywords: Sumgayit city, industry, landscapes, ecology, pollution
123 THE CURRENT STATE OF THE GREY PARTRIDGE (PERDIX PERDIX LINN., 1758) IN THE TALISH
S.S. RAJABOVA
Institute of Zoology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E- mail: [email protected]
In the first half of the twentieth century, the grey partridge was a numerous hunting bird in Azerbaijan. It's number has sharply reduced as a result of mass hunting, using the habitat for the intensive development of agriculture. It was included in the "Red Book" of Azerbaijan (2013). The low, medium and high mountain areas of the Talish have been investigated to keep the grey partridge in nature, make science-based recommendations in order to achieve an increase in the number of it in summer and autumn months (fertility and afterwards) in 2013-2016. The number, the habitats of the birds and the factors affecting them have been studied by routes and visual observation methods. As a result of researches it was defined that the grey partrige has remained only in the high (at 1900-2400 m above sea level) and the middle mountainous areas which border on the highlands (at 1500-1800 m above sea level) of the Talish. The total number of the grey partridge was on average 56.25 individuals in investigation years in these areas. Their main gathering places are the gardens in the Zuvand river-bed, area sown with lucerne planting in the foothills covering the right and left sides of the river-bed, the wheat, barley planting areas, the high plant jungles covering with these planting areas. 61.3 % (34.5 individuals) of the total number of the birds in the research area had settled in the biotopes which we mentioned (Table). On the one hand it is connected with preserving the lucernes area by population throughout the year and until the end of harvesting grain of the high plant jungles (until september), but on the other hand, it is considered as the blame not to hunt the birds in the fertility period. But after fertility some people's illegal hunting, stray dogs', cats', predatory mammals' (fox, wolf) and birds' of prey attacking to the grey partridge throughout the year is observed. 10.6 % (6 individuals) of the total number of the grey partridge had settled down in the eastern foothills of Komurkoy mountain, 18.6 % (10.5 individuals) in the foothills of Ganzil mountain, 9.3 % (5.25 individuals) in the plains of Manlik mountain (Table).
Table. The number (individual) and distribution of the grey partridge in the areas of the Talish mountains (august) Years 2013 2014 2015 2016 The average number Areas Zuvand river-bed, the foothills covering of it (38 km2) 38 31 28 41 34.5 The eastern foothills of Komurkoy mountain (18 km2) 8 6 7 3 6 The foothills of Ganzil mountain (21 km2) 11 14 9 8 10.5 The plains of Manlik mountain (19 km2) 7 3 5 6 5.25 Total (96 km2) 64 54 49 58 56.25
In the months of summer and autumn a lot of large and small-cattle are grazed in the last areas that we investigated. Flocks of animals spread the feed facilities of the birds, render useless trampling the nest and the hiding of the enemy biotopes. The dogs accompanying the flocks of the sheep remove the birds from their feed and sheltering places. Few individuals of the grey partridge remain in the area. Illegal hunting is one of the main factors that negatively affect the birds, too. According to the sources of the local people, the birds perish massively from having no food on the snowy and frosty winter days. It is important to implement the following recommendations to save the grey partridge for future generations and in order to achieve an increase in the number of it. 1. Feeding the birds on the snowy and frosty days. 2. The abolition of the circumstances of illegal hunting. 3. Allowing the grey partridge to the nature increasing unfreely (in the volary). 4. Declaring the main nesting areas of the grey partridge as a natural monument.
Keywords: Grey partridge, average number, total number, distribution, Talish 124 VARIABILITY OF THE LEAVES OF PISTACHES (PISTACJA VERA L.), GROWING UNDER APSHERON CONDITIONS
E.S. KHIDIROVA, L.KH.MAMEDOVA
Genetic Resources Institute, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
Pistachio is a valuable nut culture, the fruits of which are highly valued in the world market. Currently, 98 male and female forms of pistachio grow on the AEB of Genetic Resources Institute of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences. Leaves from male and female forms were collected from all sides of the tree, and processed separately. During processing the material, a descriptorof pistachio was used. Leaves of pistachio, falling in winter are complex; imparipinnate, usually 3-5 leaf-like, leathery, isolateral. Trees, with 5-7 leaflets leaves are rare. The leaves of annual seedlings are always simple, broadly lanceolate. In the pistachio forms studied by us, the number oflaminas, depending on the forms, is 3; 3-4; 3-4-5; 3-5 and 5 pieces. The form of the terminal laminas in the studied samples is broadly lance-sensitive, round and round-oval. The shape of the upper tip of the terminal lamina is pointed, sharp-pointed and obtuse. The length of the leaf in different forms varies within 15.4±0.2574 - 23.5±0.3233 cm, and width 13.2±0.2215 - 22.1±0.3712 cm. The terminal leaflet, as a rule, is larger, in some forms it reaches large sizes of length (9.7±0.1736 - 13.9±0.3233 cm) and (6.5±0.1078 - 9.3±0.2335 cm) width. The ratio of the length of the terminal lamina to its width is 1.3-1.7. Depending on the shape, the terminal lamina is obtuse and truncated. The edge of the terminal lamina in all the forms we studied is wavy. The leaf color of the tested forms is green, dark green and light green. In conclusion, it should be noted that when studying the variability of pistachio leaves, significant differences are observed in the size of the leaf and its terminal lamina. Variability is observed in the form of the terminal leaf and its upper tip, as well as in the color of the leaf, etc.
Keywords: Pistachio, lamina, size, shape
125 THE SPECIES OF GENUS GENTIANA L. IN FLORA OF AZERBAIJAN
A.N. ZEYNALOVA
Institute of Botany, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; [email protected]
Abstract: Gentiana L. is recognized as the largest genus for its number of species within Gentianaceae. Gentiana is decorative perennial grass being specific with containing alkaloids and vitamins. They are spread all around the world except Africa and Antarctica. Instead of 16 species, there are 8 species and one subspecies of this genus in Azerbaijan. Gentiana grows in different habitats: woods, meadows, mountain slopes. Some nomenclature changes happened in the taxonomic composition of the genus lead to creation of anew identifier table. Introduction: The Gentianaceae family is rich in folk and scientific medicine, with a variety of medicinal, alkaloid and vitamin properties. Based on these characteristics, the sorts of genus are used in the treatment of various types of diseases (liver, blood pressure, anti-malaria, heart failure) and so on. It is also one of the most widely used decorative plants in landscape design. The family includes several genii. Gentiana L. is considered to be the largest genus of Gentianaceae. Genus species are spread around the world in temperate climates, especially in Europe, North and South America, Australia and Asia, and are grass plant grown in different places: forest, meadows and grasslands on the mountain slopes. Its leaves are faced each other, in rosette form, sedative and with short stalks. Flowers are with 4-5 pieces, single-piece or small-sized, partial petals. Crown pipe-shaped, divided into parts from base, and are bell-shaped or funnel -shaped, of blue, purple, yellow, white and sometimes red colors. The crown is with blooms on three sides, sometimes with glands, there is a nectar disk on the base of ovary. The main characteristic features are: the plant is bare, it is with simple whole leafy, the flowers are actinomorphic, with double genus. Material and Methods: Research work in 2016-2017. Fulfilled during the expeditions to some territories of Azerbaijan (Gedebey, Dashkasan, Goygol, Guba, Gusar, Nakhchivan). The collected herbarium materials were identified and comparable morphological, systematic, areal and geographical methods were used. Conclusions and its discussion: Systematics of Gentiana L. has been worked out by R.M.Sofiyeva in the flora of Azerbaijan. The description of the genus was given by K.Linney for the first time. In the flora of Azerbaijan, no division of genus taxonomy was used. Gentiana L., which spread throughout the globe, except Africa and Antarctica, and is represented by 8 species and 1 sub-species instead of 16 species in Azerbaijan. Since some species of genus have been replaced by a nomenclature, their new adjustment schedule has been compiled.
Keywords: Gentiana, decorative, adjusting table, gentiana.
126 FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF WILD GROWING POMEGRANATE SEED OIL
A.M. ZEYNALOVA
Institute of Botany, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
Pomegranate is widely used as a traditional medicinal product in many parts of the world, such as America, Asia, Africa and Europe. For medicinal purposesare used bark of trunks, branches and roots of pomegranate, seed oil, and also fruits. The pomegranate oil has a cytotoxic and antitumor effect. It can be used for normalizes fat loss and lipid metabolism, strengthens the immune system, reduces the accumulation of hepatic triglycerides and promotes the regeneration of epidermal tissue. It has not been studied precisely the seed oil composition of wild pomegranate growing in Azerbaijan. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to study fatty acid composition of pomegranate seed oil. Plant material was collected in the month of Sept. 2017 from Siyazan region of Azerbaijan Republic. The seeds, dried at 105°C were crushed and ground with a grinding mill. Then the crushing seeds were extracted with n-hexane at 60°C in a Soxhlet apparatus for 8 h. The fatty acid composition was established by gas-liquid chromatography on chromatograph “HP” series 6890 with a flame ionization detector. The separation was carried out on a 100 meter capillary column “Agilent 112-88A7”. Chromatographic analysis of the fatty oil of pomegranate seeds made it possible to establish the presence of 9 higher fatty acids. The seeds were found to be rich in punicic acid (79.64%). Palmitic and stearic acids were the predominant fatty acids. Content of these fatty acids were 3.29% and 2.43%, respectively. The least amount is accounted for by the share of myristic (0.03%) and heptadecanoic acids (0.03%). Considering the fact that the essential fatty acid C18: 2 enters the human body solely with food, its presence in the fatty oil of pomegranate in a significant amount (6.27%) is also a very positive fact The obtained data of the fatty acid composition of Punica granatum L. oil indicate the prospect of using this oil not only for food, but also for medical purposes, and also about the need for further in-depth study of its biological activity.
Keywords: Pomegranate, seeds, fatty acids, gas-liquid chromatography
127 FLORISTIC ANALYSIS OF ORCHIDACEAE JUSS. FAMILY IN THE FLORA OF NAKHCHIVAN AUTONOMOUS REPUBLIC
R. SALMANOVA
Nakhchivan State University; E-mail: [email protected]
Studying the species belonging to the Orchidaceae Juss. family in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, preventing their extinction and identifying their research areas are the topical issues. The main purposes of the research are to identify the composition of the Orchidaceae Juss. family species in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, objectives of their spreading, phytocenological analysis of their vital forms, estimation of their population, bio-ecological analyses of their features, development of a system of measures for studying, rational use and protection. Based on the literary data, the herbarium materials and researches, the species of Orchidaceae Juss. family have been studied in details in the Autonomous Republic area and there have been prepared the summary report of 21 types out of 8 species of the family. Five species out of them Dactylorhiza umbrosa, Neottia ovata, Orchis simia, Gymnadenia conopsea, Anacamptis pyramidalis have been studied for the first time for the region flora and there have been given the floral-systematical, bio-ecological and botanical- geographical analysis of the species belonging to the family. Spreading of the plant species in the area, they follow the zonality laws and due to changes in ambient conditions, they change from the lowlands to the highlands. For this reason, when determining the spreading of the species according to the sea level, 6 vertical lines separated by physical, geographical and ecological conditions were taken and their height was determined. In the Autonomous Republic area there are found Orchidaceae Juss. family species as following: 3 species (14%) from the lowlands to the middle highlands, 5 species (24%) in the middle highlands, 2 species (9.5%) in the middle and subalpine, 2 species (9.5%) up to the middle and subalpine margins, 4 species (19%) in the upper mountain ranges and 5 species (24%) in the subalpine ranges. There have been identified the geographical areal types and classes of the Nakhchivan AR Orchidaceae Juss. family species, based on their zonal and regional principles. According to the phytogeographical analysis conducted in the area, the xerophyte geographical area type has more species than 67% of the total flora (14 species). Four types of Caucasian species (19%) and three types of boreal species (14%) were found in the area. According to ecological groups, mesocerophytes are represented by 4 species (19%) and mesophytes with 17 species (81%). In the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, the orchids make up a large number of cenopopulations in different settlements. This indicates a wide range of responses to the nature of the environment that will ensure their diverse development. The cenopopulation numbers of different orchid species vary considerably. According to the Dactylorhiza romana species population estimates, in each two-year II CP type is young (Δ = 0,09-0,13; ὠ = 0,06-0,11), IV, V and VI CP is ripen in 2017 Δ = 0.30-0.35; ὠ = 0.10-0.38). Population recovery potential was observed the minimum in the II population in 2018, and the maximum in the 2017 V population. In the flora, the rare, endemic, and endangered species have been identified and their protection measures have been implemented for the first time. There have been identified the status of the under threatened species and compiled their red list. Also there have been developed suggestions and recommendations in the use of species. There has been discovered that the eight species belonging to the orchid family spread across the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic area are under threatening. The reason for the destruction of these species is the complex of irrational use of the land and the direct factors. The analysis of the vital forms suggests that the orchids are characterized by bio-morphological types such as rhizomatuses (short rhizomatuses), stolon-shaped- rhizomatuses, tuberoids. Thus, the obtained results may be used in the preparation of monographs, geographical problems of plant systematic, practical measures for the protection of rare and endangered species, the preparation of complex programs for environmental protection of the Nakhchivan AR region and compiling of the regional "Flora".
128 Keywords: Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, Orchidaceae Juss, orchids PROMOTER ANALYSIS OF PLANT NUCLEAR GENES ENCODING PLASTID OR MITOCHONDRIAL PROTEINS
H. F. GULIYEVA, A. U. ABDULAZIMOVA
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
Previously, for seven higher plant species (monocot Oryza sativa and Zea mays, dicot Arabidopsis thaliana, Glycine max, Medicago truncatula, Populus trichocarpa and Vitis vinifera) we identified sets of nuclear genes suggested to encode proteins of the plastid destination, including 1159 and 1491 chloroplast-targeted genes known to be involved in 29 metabolic pathways or functional complexes of A.thaliana and O.sativa. Using the currently most accurate promoter prediction program TSSPlant (Shahmuradov, Umarov and Solovyev, 2017, Nucl. Acids Res., 45:e65), search for putative transcription start sites (TSS) – promoters in [1000:+101] regions (+1 is the annotated gene start) of 22,258, 23,330, 17,896, 18,226, 17,645, 38,702 and 11,035 protein-coding genes from monocot Oryza sativa and Zea mays, dicot Arabidopsis thaliana, Glycine max, Medicago truncatula, Populus trichocarpa and Vitis vinifera, respectively (including the chloroplast-targeted genes; totally, 149,092 genes), was performed. At least, one potential TSS for every gene was predicted. Taking, for every gene, only the predicted TSS (TSSp) which is located closest to the annotated gene start, an analysis of distances between TSSp and gene starts showed that for 70% and more genes this distance is less than 100 bp.The comparative analysis of these TSSs by the promoter class for all genes, as well as for only plastid genes revealed that in all plants TATA-less promoters prevail over the TATA-promoters (~70% TATA-less promoters vs ~30% TATApromoters). In particular, comparison of the relative shares of TATA and TATA-less promoters in 1159 and 1491 chloroplast-targeted genes from Arabidopsis and rice mentioned above revealed that TATA-less promoters prevail on TATA promoters (59% 41% and 74%/26%, respectively). This finding is a good agrrement with the literature data indicating that nuclear genes of the plastid destination are mostly transcribed from TATA-less promoters.
Keywords: Higher plant, nuclear genes, TATA promoters, TATAless promoters, TSS
129
THE EFFECT OF PRENATAL HYPOXIA EXPOSED DURING GERMINAL PERIOD ON THE ACTIVITY OF Ca2+-ATPase AND GLUTAMINASE IN MITOCHONDRIAL FRACTION OF RAT BRAIN
L.B. GADIROVA
Acad. A.Garayev Institute of Physiology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
Introduction. Various biochemical changes in the developing brain, occurring during critical periods of prenatal development under the impact of various stressors, can lead to neurological disorders in postnatal ontogenesis. Neurotransmitters in brain tissue have a regulatory function in the formation of neural circuits in prenatal development. Glutamate before its role as neurotransmitter is involved in regulation of proliferation, migration, growth and differentiation of the neurons in embryonic brain. The neurotrophic and neurotoxic properties of excitatory amino acids attract particular attention to the study of glutamatergic neurotransmission during the period of brain maturation. Also, Ca2+-ATPases is actively involved in calcium signaling and play an important role in the development of neurons and neuroplasticity. The aim of the study was to study the activity of phosphat-dependent glutaminase (EC 3.6.1.2) and Ca2+-ATPase (EC 3.6.3.8) in mitochondrial fractions of various areas of the brain cortex, hypothalamus, cerebellum, midbrain and medulla oblongata of 30-day-old and 3-month-old rat offspring exposed to prenatal hypoxia (10% O2 and 90% N2) during germinal period. The results show that hypoxia subjected in germinal period increased the enzyme activity of glutaminase in the mitochondrial fractions of hypothalamus, sensory-motor cortex and limbic cortex by 32, 28 and 35% in one-month-old offspring. There was a decrease in the activity of Ca2+-ATF- ase enzyme in the limbic and visual cortex and hypothalamus by 24%, 30% and 26% compared with the control. In the three-month-old experimental animals exposed to prenatal hypoxia during germinal period was indicated an increase of glutaminase activity in the mitochondrial fractions of hypothalamus by 29%, a decrease by 17% in the visual cortex compared with controls. Activity of Ca2+-ATPase decreased in the hypothalamus, limbic cortex and visual cortex by 21%, 20% and 21%. In the rest of the investigated brain structures it was approaching the control level. Thus, changes identified in the brain areas in postnatal period can be associated with impaired development of nerve cells in prenatal period.
Keywords: Prential hypoxia, glutamianse, neurotrophic, activity, germinal period
130
MODERN BIOCHEMICAL DIAGNOSTIC METHODS IN CERVICAL CANCER
I.A. SAFAROVA., N.I. MEHDIYEVA
Department of Oncology, Azerbaijan Medical University
Despite the early diagnostic and prevention of cervical cancer (CC) have been significantly improved in recent few decades CC incidence rate remains high. Early detection of CC has a great role in timely and adequate treatment of this disease. Nowadays, routine preoperative evidential instrumental and morphological evaluation of CC has same technical difficulties. Thus, the use of modern biological markers is necessary. The goal of present investigation is to determine the diagnostic significance of some cytokines and antimicrobial peptides (AMP) in blood serum. We have used the immunosorbent assay to evaluate the serum concentration of some cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF- α) and antimicrobial peptides (lactoferrin, endotelin, L-FABP, endotocsin) in 53 CC patients. It was determined that IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α level in CC patients were higher in 7.7 (p<0.001) in 3.0 (p<0.001) and in 6.4 (p<0.001) times, respectively, in comparison with control group. IL-10 concentration was higher by 24.4% (p<0.05) what is close to data of control cohort. The level of AMP peptides such as endotelin, L-FABP, endotoxin and lactoferrin elevated in 1.4 (38.5%; p<0.001) in 5.2 (p<0.001) in 5.2 (p<0.001) and in 4.3 (p<0.001) times, when compare with control. The IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α take place in tumor vascularization and, consequently, in its progression and dissemination. AMP enhances the synthesis of cytokines, though they have immune modulating impact. Thus, the elevation of cytokines and AMP’s level proves the activation of macrophages. Defection in the synthesis of bioactive substances, particularly cytokines and AMP-s in CC patients, displays their huge influence on disease pathogenesis and proves the necessity of their use in diagnostic and treatment of this disease.
Keywords: Cervix cancer, antimicrob peptides, cytokines
131
MODERN BIOCHEMICAL DIAGNOSTIC METHODS IN CERVICAL CANCER
I.A. SAFAROVA., N.I. MEHDIYEVA
Department of Oncology, Azerbaijan Medical University
Despite the early diagnostic and prevention of cervical cancer (CC) have been significantly improved in recent few decades CC incidence rate remains high. Early detection of CC has a great role in timely and adequate treatment of this disease. Nowadays, routine preoperative evidential instrumental and morphological evaluation of CC has same technical difficulties. Thus, the use of modern biological markers is necessary. The goal of present investigation is to determine the diagnostic significance of some cytokines and antimicrobial peptides (AMP) in blood serum. We have used the immunosorbent assay to evaluate the serum concentration of some cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF- α) and antimicrobial peptides (lactoferrin, endotelin, L-FABP, endotocsin) in 53 CC patients. It was determined that IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α level in CC patients were higher in 7.7 (p<0.001) in 3.0 (p<0.001) and in 6.4 (p<0.001) times, respectively, in comparison with control group. IL-10 concentration was higher by 24.4% (p<0.05) what is close to data of control cohort. The level of AMP peptides such as endotelin, L-FABP, endotoxin and lactoferrin elevated in 1.4 (38.5%; p<0.001) in 5.2 (p<0.001) in 5.2 (p<0.001) and in 4.3 (p<0.001) times, when compare with control. The IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α take place in tumor vascularization and, consequently, in its progression and dissemination. AMP enhances the synthesis of cytokines, though they have immune modulating impact. Thus, the elevation of cytokines and AMP’s level proves the activation of macrophages. Defection in the synthesis of bioactive substances, particularly cytokines and AMP-s in CC patients, displays their huge influence on disease pathogenesis and proves the necessity of their use in diagnostic and treatment of this disease.
Keywords: Cervix cancer, antimicrob peptides, cytokines
132
USE OF LIQUID BIOPSY IN MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT OF COLORECTAL CANCER
B.I. BAYRAMOV
Genetic Resources Institute, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E- mail: [email protected]
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in males and the second in females and is the fourth cause of cancer death. It is estimated that it is responsible for approximately 610,000 cancer deaths worldwide, which accounts for 8% of all cancer deaths. Colorectal cancer (CRC) arises as a consequence of the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations in colonic epithelial cells during neoplastic transformation. There are some significant lifestyle risk factors which promote the progression of CRC, such as excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, red meat, and increased total energy intake with reduced physical activity. The current conventional molecular tests used when evaluating CRC patients include microsatellite instability (MSI) analysis and KRAS, NRAS, PIK3CA and BRAF mutation analysis. The presence of MSI and/or certain mutations or epimutations in colorectal tumors provides clinicians with the information needed to choose the appropriate treatment. Screening for the early detection of CRC is the most effective approach against this disease. The term liquid biopsy refers to the analysis of biomarkers in any body fluid, including blood, urine and cerebrospinal fluid. In cancer, liquid biopsy testing allows the analysis of tumor-derived DNA, RNA, miRNA and proteins that can be either cell-free or contained in circulating tumor cells (CTC), extracellular vesicles (EVs) or platelets. A number of studies suggest that liquid biopsy testing could have a relevant role in the management of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients at different stages of the disease. Analysis of cell-free DNA (cfDNA), CTC and/or miRNA can provide relevant information for the early diagnosis of CRC and the identification of minimal residual disease and, more generally, the evaluation of the risk of recurrence in early CRC patients. In addition, liquid biopsy testing might allow the assessment of prognostic and predictive biomarkers in metastatic CRC patients, and the monitoring of the response to treatment and of the clonal evolution of the disease. In conclusion, the concept of liquid biopsy from the peripheral blood of patients has emerged as a new, very promising diagnostic tool.
Keywords: Colorectal cancer, liquid biopsy, cell-free dna, microsatellite ınstability
133
INVESTIGATING EFFECTS OF SAFFRON (CROCUS SATIVUS L., IRIDACEAE) ON SEX HORMONES AND SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR IN MALE RATS
S.I. GASANOVA, P.A. SHUKUROVA
Acad. A. Garayev Institute of Physiology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
The objective of the research was to study the effects of the Crocus sativus L.Iridaceae stigma extract on blood level as on some parameters of sexual behavior and blood level of testosterone in male rats. In the present study, the saffron grown in the Bilgah village of the Absheron peninsula was used. The saffron stigma extract was obtained by a percolation method. The aqueous extract (120 mg/kg body wt.) was administered per oral for 21 days to rats of the experimental group while the animals of the control group received per oral a saline. The components of sexual activity were recorded visually for 15 minutes. We registered both the proceptive phase of sexual behavior (the latent period of the onset of sexual activity (LPS), the duration of sexual activity and the number of "emotional" approaches to the female) and the receptive sexual behavior (the number of female coverage’s with/without intromission - the number of mounts (NM). The level of testosterone was determined in the blood serum using hormonal test kits for enzyme immunoassay in vitro for mammals (“Pishtaz”, Iran). Analysis of the results of the study of saffron extract effect on sexual behavior of male rats revealed positive dynamics in the proceptive and receptive sexual behavior. It was manifested by decrease of LPS and increase in the number of "emotional" approaches of the male towards the female and NM. The latent period before the initiation of the elements of courtship (licking, sniffing, grooming) in the experimental group dropped down compared to the controls (p<0.05). The results revealed, that the saffron extract application for 21 days manifested a statistically significant increase of the total testosterone level in experimental animals at the end of the treatment period. Consequently, administration of the extract to male rats raised their sexual motivation and had positive influence on the serum testosterone level. Therefore, saffron extract application adds to maintaining of the reproductive functions of the body, which is biologically significant.
Keywords: Saffron extract, male rats, testosterone, sexual behavior, phytogeroprotector
134
STUDY OF POLYMORPHISM IN AZERBAIJAN POPULATION SAMPLE WITH LIMITED SIZE BASED ON SHORT TANDEM REPEATS (STR)
F.R. HUSEYNOVA1, E.R. MAMMADOV2
1 Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnologies, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; 2 “Forensic Medical Expertize and Pathological Anatomy” Scientific-Practical and Educational Unit of Ministry of Health of the Azerbaijan Republic, Biology Department; E-mail: [email protected]
Polymorphism in the Azerbaijan population sample with limited size (Aze-CL) consisting of 237 volunteers was studied for the first time. The main population-gentilc and forensic parameters such as observed (Hobs) and expected (Hexp) heterozygosity, matching probability (MP), exclusion (PE) and discrimination (PD) powers, polymorphic information content (PIC), and typical paternity index (TPI) were determined. According to the values of MP, TPI and PE the TPOX locus showed the lowest (0.1167, 1.30 and 0.3106, respectively), and the D18S51 the highest (0.0331, 3.95 and 0.7415, respectively) results. The TPOX locus also had the lowest PD and PIC values, and the D2S1338 locus had the highest values of Hobs, Hexp, PD and PIC. D8S1179, D21S11, D2S1338, D18S51 and FGA along with other positive indices were the most informative loci. For the studied population sample the combined parameters such as combined power of discrimination (CPD=0,99999999999999999971), the combined power of exclusion (CPE=0,9997902057), the combined paternity index (CPI=615656,91), and the probability of paternity (PP=0,999999376) were quite satisfied. Comparative analysis of the Aze-CL population sample with 19 world populations including previously studied Azerbaijan population sample of Aze-T based on allele structure and population-genetic parameters revealed a sufficiently pronounced differences in these parameters. In connection with the identification of minor alleles at many loci such as D21S11, D2S1338, THO1, D18S51 etc., the population of Aze-CL was highly distinguished from the Aze-T population sample. These differences are clearly expressed in all population-genetic parameters of the compared populations, especially in the P-values of the exact tests on Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Comparative interpopulation differentiation tests based on Fisher's genetic distances (FST) were carried out, P-values of their accuracy were calculated. Moreover, based on the Nei’s genetic distances the phylogenetic trees were constructed by using neighbor-joining (NJ) and Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) for the first time. The P-values of FST did not show statistically significant differences between the populations of Aze-CL and Aze-T, Iraq-2, Iran(Farss), Turkey, Afghanistan at all STR loci, in contrast the South Africa (14 out of 15), USA (Negr.), Iraq-1, Bolivia (each 12 out of 15) populations showed significant differences (P<0.0033) in the same loci. Based on the results of exact tests P-values the loci of THO1 and D19S433 showed the highest degree of difference (each in 10 populations). While the CSF1PO locus showed significant differences (significance level P<0.05) in all studied populations including Aze-T and Aze-CL. As expected, the highest differences were observed with populations belonging to other races (for example, Negroid origin populations of the USA(Negr.), Sudan, South Africa, Mongoloid origin China (Khan) and Indian origin USA (Ind.) and Bolivia). In phylogenetic trees constructed by different methods, there are some significant differences. But in all cases, the population samples of Aze-CL and Aze-T are clustered with populations of Caucasian and Euro-Asian origin, such as Turkey(Eastern), Iran(Farsi), Romania(Wallasiya), Russia(Europe), USA(Caucasus) etc.
Keywords: Population-genetic parameters; polymorphism; allele structure; significance level; Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium; comparative interpopulation analysis; Nei’s genetic distances; Fischer’s genetic distance; NJ and UPGMA methods; phylogenetic tree.
135
IMPACT OF P450 (CYP) GENE FAMILIES POLYMORPHISMS ON SPECIFIC DRUG RESPONSE AMONG CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA PATIENTS IN AZERBAIJAN
N.I. KARIMOVA
Genetic Resources Institute, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E- mail: [email protected]
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disease characterized by the Philadelphia chromosome. This chromosome is created by a reciprocal translocation t (9:22), which transfers the Abelson (ABL) oncogene on chromosome 9 to the breakpoint cluster region (BCR) of chromosome 22, resulting in the formation of a fused BCR/ABL gene. According to the latest statistics the incidence of CML in Azerbaijan is reported as 1.5 of 100,000 in the year. Xenobiotic metabolism is mainly conducted by three main cytochrome P450 (CYP) gene families: CYP1, CYP2 and CYP3, with the most highly expressed subfamily being the CYP3A. Genetic variation in CYP3A activity may influence the rate of metabolism and elimination of CYP3A substrates including Imatinib mesylate. Imatinib mesylate is a drug known as a gold standard in CML treatment. Imatinib was approved for medical use in the United States in 2001. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. In the spite of the impressive results achieved with imatinib in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients, differences in patient’s response are observed, which may be explained by interindividual genetic variability. The metabolism of IM is mainly mediated by CYP3A4 and CYP3A5. It is suggested that CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 are important genetic contributors to inter- individual differences in CYP3A-dependent drug metabolism. The present study aimed to understand the functional impact of CYP3A4*18 and CYP3A5*3 polymorphisms on the response of imatinib in CML patients and its relation to CML susceptibility. We have genotyped CYP3A4*18 and CYP3A5*3 in 124 CML patients and 100 controls by PCR-RFLP. In light of our results, identification of CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 polymorphisms in CML patients might be helpful to predict therapeutic response to imatinib.
Keywords: Chronic myeloid leukemia, Imatinib, Drug response, cytochrome P450 (CYP) gene families
136
INFLUENCE OF THE COMPOSITION OF THE NUTRIENT MEDIUM ON THE CONTENT OF PIGMENTS AND THE ACTIVITY OF PHOTOSYSTEM II IN TOMATOES
K.Z. HASANOVA
Azerbaijan State Agrarian University; E-mail: [email protected]
One of the factors affecting the quality and quantity of productivity crop of agricultural plants is the composition of the nutrient medium. Many nutrient mediums were developed and applied to meet the requirements of certain plant species and varieties considering their needs for individual elements of mineral nutrition. First, macro- and microelements should be included in the nutrient medium to ensure plant growth, development and productivity. Tomatoes are one of the valuable vegetable crops grown all over the world to provide the needs of the population with valuable natural compounds, as well as for processing in canneries. Growing tomatoes in winter greenhouses is of enormous economic importance for providing the population with vitamins. To obtain a high yield, it is necessary to increase the concentration of carbon dioxide, which can be increased by adding manure to the soil where tomatoes will grow. It is considered that firstly it is important to select organic materials instead of using synthetic fertilizers in organic vegetable growing in order to increase soil productivity. The present work was carried out to determine the effects of manure and CaCO3 on growth, content of photosynthetic pigments, activity photosystem 2 (PS 2) and yield parameters six varieties of tomatoes. The plants were grown under conditions of closed
(greenhouse) and open ground, with manure applied in the calculation of 500 g and CaCO3 50 g per 1 m2 of soil. Manure positively affects the content of chlorophyll a + b and carotenoids. The ratio a / b is increased, which indicates an accelerated synthesis of chlorophyll a. The manure also contributed to increase in the activity of the photosynthetic apparatus of tomatoes. It was revealed that the high grades of the photosynthetic apparatus and productivity were characterized by the varieties Tolstoy and Volgograd, which can be used in breeding work.
Keywords: Tomato varieties, manure, chlorophyll, carotenoids, PS 2, yield
137
PROTECTION OF PHOTOSYSTEM II (PS II) BY NATURAL ANTIOXIDANTS FROM HEAVY METALS – INDUCED STRESS
J. JAFAROVA
Institute of Botany, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
At the photosynthesis processes various ROS (reactive oxygen species) are generated as a result of photosynthetic transport of electrons. The PS II is known to be more vulnerable part of thylakoid membrane of chloroplast. The generation of ROS is greatly accelerated under stress situation namely at action of heavy metals. Zn2+ is main components of many enzymes and Ni2+ is in composition of limited plants enzymes. To cope up with damages caused by ROS, cells possess by comprehensive and integrated endogenous antioxidant defense system. The function of antioxidants is to intercept and react with free radicals at rate faster than the substrate, prevent generation of ROS or to scavenge those formed. Low molecular compound Na-asc is known to be able strongly inactivate of free radicals. Na-asc is considered as the most powerful ROS-detoxifying compound because of it donate of electron to ascorbate-peroxidase thus activates this antioxidative enzyme. The comparative analysis of protective properties of biologically active composition (BAC) on the base of plumbagin (2-methyl, 5-hydroxi, 1.4-naphthoquinone) and Na-ascorbate (Na-asc) under toxic action of Zn2+ and Ni2+ on photosystem II (PSII) was carried out. The investigations were performed on wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.) by means of metal ions and protective substances introduction by two ways: simultaneously and consecutive incubations of wheat seedlings. The action of metal ions and defense effectiveness were evaluated by means of induction curves of delayed fluorescence of chlorophyll a in millisecond range (msec-DF of Chl a) analysis in wheat seedlings. The character of induction transitions changes of msec-DF of Chl a under action of heavy metals was found to be indicated on suppression of radical pair primary charge separation and electron flow rate to primary quinone acceptor QA on donor side of PSII. BAC (at less degree) and Na-asc decreased toxic action of Zn2+ and Ni2+ that is likely to be due to neutralization of formed superoxide anion radicals, and thus restoration of oxidation-reduction equilibrium between photosystems.
Keywords: Ceratostigma plumbaginoides bunge, antioxidants, delayed chlorophyll fluorescence, Zn2+, Ni2+
138
DYNAMICS OF ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE ACTIVITY DURING THE PERIOD OF FLAG LEAF SENESCENCE IN WHEAT
T.Y. ISGANDAROVA, S.M. RUSTAMOVA
Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnologies, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
Wheat is the most wide spread crop plant in the world. Drought is one of the crucial environmental stress that adversely affects on plants growth and development. In wheat genotype, the top flag leaf produces a better yield by performing long-term photosynthesis compared to other leaves.Internal and external factors have a significant impact on leaf senescence process. The first pattern of leaf senescence is the limiting of chlorophyll splitting and photosynthesis process. Senescence is characterized by rising up production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide and its more toxic derivative hydroxyl radical. The aim of this study is to determine the dynamics of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzymes activity in wheat cultivar during leaf senescence under normal and drought conditions. Wheat genotypes collected in the Gene Pool of the Research Institute of Crop Husbandry (Baku, Azerbaijan) acted as researcher object. Plants were grown under field conditions. The APX activity was observed in Tartar genotypes by spectrophotometer on 290 nm wavelength during 1 minute based on splitting of H2O2 by ascorbate peroxidase. Its value in well-watered Tartar genotype was 310±21mMol/mg.min (April24, 2018). After 7 days it has decreased by 30%, but on the 14thday it returned to its previous state. On 21st day activity was relatively stable, with a slightly decline, moreover by the end of senescence it has dramatically increased. On the other hand, under drought conditions APX activity was significantly reduced. Initial APX activity was 70±15 mMol/mg.min, but further was noticed its gradual increase. Despite of activity rate has grown in the 7th day, on 14th - 21stdays was observed its decline and the maximal diminish was noted on 28th day. Comparatively activity of APX during flag leaf senescence in irrigated plants has notably risen up while that fall down under stress conditions.
Keywords: Wheat, flag leaf senescence, APX, drought
Acknowledgement: This work was supported by a grant (EIF KEPTL-2-2015-1(25)-56/35/3) of the Science Development Foundation under the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
139
DURABILITY OF SOME SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF TULIP GENUS TO ECOLOGICAL FACTORS
I.I. HAJIBABAYEVA
Baku State University; E-mail: [email protected]
Sustainable efficient use and protection plants world, serious government control over them, protection and restoration endemic, relic and endangered plant species and reintroduction their residences is one of the actual humanity recently days. Among flowering, plants belonging to the Lily family, are selected with its important charecteristics, spread widely all over the world. But because of recently environmental factors, their occurece decreases relatively. The aim of research case is forest, hot, aridity, wind, attitude biotic factor durability of some species of Tulip type. The research case was happened in experimental site lab "Landscape architecture" of Azerbaijan National Academy of Siences Dendrology Institute. It was used Tulip type (Tulipa L) species and varieties («Canasta», «Queen of the Night», «Cum Laude», «Rococo», «Gemengd/ Melange/ Mixed») of Lily family (Liliaceae Juss) which were brought from local and foreign flora to Dendrology Institute. It must be created optimal ecological environment for wonderful and healthy growing decorative grass plants in practice area during research. Water, land, light, temperature rejime, weather are considered the main factors for is growth,using these plants for creating gardens, parks. It had been studied each of these factors effects to decorative kinds in research case and considering of these results it had ben grown plants. It had been studied attitude biotic factors,durability frost, hot, dry, wind, microelement of researching sorts and species. During research it had been known that for good growth and flowering different kinds of tulip and mallow species in Absheron condition, landscape must be level, unstable, sunny, strong, and cold resistant. It had been known that for the best rooting of the bulbs, otimal temperature must be 6-10 oC. Abiotic factors influence the plants heigh and growth. Lack of water in the land weak the respiration process, and light, high temperature stimulate forms of generic organs.
Keywords: Tulip, ecological factors, biotic, abiotic
140
PLANTS ADAPTED TO OIL POLLUTED SOILS IN THE SAMUR-SHABRAN LOWLAND
H.Z. HUSEYNOVA
Baku State University; E-mail: [email protected]
Phyto-ecological researches were carried out in 2016-2017 years in order to determine the plants adapted to oil polluted soils in the Samur-Shabran lowland. Meanwhile, in the region (Siyazan region), the environmental characteristics of the vegetation around the oil wells were investigated in the mine areas exposed to the contamination by “Siyazeneft” and the distribution of the phytocenosises on the saline, sand, gray, gray-brown and grass-marshy type of soils was determined. As a result of scientific researches, it was determined that the plants, which were adapted to the oil polluted soils in the Samur-Shabran lowland, were represented by 4 vegetation types, 5 formation classes, 12 formation groups and 13 associations. Desert and semi-desert plant species registered in oil polluted soils are spread over a wide area, while grasslands and wetlands are spread in smaller areas or narrower areas. During the researches, dominant of phytocenosises in the desert (Deserta) vegetation at oil polluted regions was Petrosimonia brachiata (Pall.) Bunge, subdominant is Artemisia lerchiana Web. The abundance of Petrosimonia brachiata (Pall.) Bunge was 2-3 points and the abundance of the Artemisia lerchiana Web. was evaluated with 2 points. Dominant of semi-desert (Hemidesert) vegetation type is Artemisia lerchianae Web., subdominants are Salsola dendroides Pall. and ephemers the abundance of Artemisia lerchianae Web. was assessed with 3-4 points, the abundance of Salsola dendroides Pall. with 2-3 points, the abundance of ephemers were evaluated with 1-2 points. Dominants of hole-meadow phytocenosis was Cynodon dactylon (L) Pers., subdominant was Artemisia szovitsiana (Bess.) Grossh., abundance of Cynodon dactylon was evaluated with 2-3 points, while the abundance of Artemisia szovitsiana was evaluated with 2 points. The dominant of phytocenosis in water-marshy vegetation was Typha latifolia L. and subdominant plant was Juncus acutus L. The abundance of Typha latifolia is estimated with 2-3 points, and the abundance of the Juncus acutus was 2 points. Therefore, oil pollution and degradation of soil- vegetation fall within the level of groundwater, anthropogenic and technogenic effects within the scope of wells, reservoirs and compressors exploited and unused in oil fields. To prevent this, phytochemical measures are recommended for the treatment of “remission” or remission using the above mentioned plants. Based on the researches, we can say that semi-desert and desert phytocenosises investigated in the Samur-Shabran lowland are considered as hole-meadow zone, wetland and other types of introducing plants. The conservation of plant species adapted to oil polluted soils in the Samur-Shabran lowland has ecological and economic importance.
Keywords: Hemidesert, desert, phytocenosis, dominant, formation
141
THE STUDY OF ANTIOXIDATIVE AND ANTIRADICAL PROPERTIES OF SOME NATURAL SUBSTANCES
A.A. ISAGOVA
Baku State University; E-mail: [email protected]
Multiple processes related to free radicals often occur in the organism leading to changes of vital importance. Consumption of compounds of plant origin is important for the elimination of oxidative stress in the organism. The search for new natural antioxidants is one of the actual problems for the food industry as well as for biology and medical sciences. To determine antioxidative and antiradical properties of various bioproducts, water-spirit solutions of the national cuisine spices - Clove (Syzygium aromaticum), black cumin (Nigella sativa), caraway (Cuminum), saffron (Crocus sativus) and apple juice were used. The experiments were conducted in two ways: chemiluminescence (CHL) and using a spectroscopic method based on the extinguish of the stable radical DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). Antioxidative properties of bioproducts were studied using the chemiluminescence method based on the peroxidase model system. In this model system peroxidase served as a catalyst, pyrogallol and luminal were reducing compounds and hydrogen peroxide was an oxidant. The filtrate obtained from the root system of the horseradish plant was used along with crystallic peroxidase. Unopened bud of clove, seeds of black cumin, seeds of caraway, pistil, petal and stamen of saffron and juice prepared from apple fruit were used as antioxidants. It should be noted that the intensity curve of CHL during the peroxidase reaction had one peak. The limit of the peak corresponded to the amounts of free radicals formed by peroxidase reaction. Thus, CHL intensity began to increase from the initial period of the oxidation of pyrogallol and luminal, and having reached the maximum value CHL gradually decreased. According to the obtained results, species contained natural antioxidants and free radical extinguishers, which can be used as the sources of AO and AR. It was found that pistil of saffron, bud of clove and seeds of black cumin were especially rich in these compounds. Petal and stamen of saffron had weaker AO and AR properties compared with seeds of caraway. Analysis of the obtained results revealed that the extract prepared from bud of clove had higher AO and AR activities compared with other samples. According to AO and AR activities, the studied samples should be placed in the following order: clove > black cumin > caraway>apple juice.
Keywords: Natural substances, chemiluminescence, DPPH, antioxidant, antiradical
142
THE POTENTIAL FOR DEVELOPING FODDER PLANTS FOR THE SALT-AFFECTED AREAS OF KUR-ARAZ LOWLAND
Kh. H. GASIMOVA, E. K. HUSIYEV
Institute of Botany, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
This paper reviews the major issues that impact upon the development of improved fodder species for saline environments across temperate Central Kur-Araz lowland of Azerbaijan. It describes past and present research that has been, or is being, undertaken towards improvements in salt tolerance in forage species within Kurdamir in relation to the principal regions where salinity occurs. The field trials were carried out at the Kurdamir Experimental Station (KES ~ 130 ha) of the Institute of Botany, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (ANAS), located on the right side of Baku- Tbilisi highway, in the middle part of Kur-Araz lowland (0-7 m above sea level), cultivated and irrigated area of Central Azerbaijan. The cultivated layer of the soil is characterized with a clay texture, mostly moderate to high salinity (EC=6-12 dS m-1) with chloride-sulphate type, low organic matter (<2 %) and moderately alkalinity (pH<8.4) level, high bilk density (1.36 g cm-1) and low nutrient (N P < 12-15 ppm) content. Soil had high swelling potential due to montmorillinitic clay minerals and low structure stability. Volumetric water content for field capacity and wilting point were 0.42 g g-1 and 0.23 g g-1. Ground water with mineralization 5-14 g l-1 was positioned 1.5-2.1 m from the soil surface. Among the species native to or naturalized in the Central Kur-Araz lowland of Azerbaijan forage crops (quinoa, amaranthus, sorghum, maize and alfalfa) have considerable value because of their tolerance to salinity and harsh climatic conditions. Besides their tolerance to abiotic stresses, all these species are nutritionally rich and can thus play a crucial role in combating vitamin and micronutrient deficiencies frequently experienced by inhabitants of marginal environments. The contribution of salinity (from mild to high) and drought (irrigation) on the development of forage crops (concentration of anions and cations in native and non-traditional plants) were tested in clay soils from arid region. In the field with moderate to high saline condition (mostly < 8-12dS/m) even after late seedling and shortage of irrigation water Quinoa, and Amaranthus were shown salt resistance capacity and suitable plant for cropping.
Keywords: Quinoa, forage crops, salt- and drought-tolerant plants, anion and cation concentration
143
THE FITOPROTECTORS INFLUENCE ON ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF CHARA FRAGILIS CELLS
A.E. HASANOVA1, Sh.A. NAJAFALIYEVA2
1 Institute of Botany, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected] 2Baku State University; E-mail: [email protected]
The description of the bioelectrical parameters of Chara fragilis cells introduced for the first time into the practice of electrophysiological research by us is demonstrated. To measure the main electrophysiological parameters (the membrane resistance Rm, the potential φm of the plasma and vacuolar membranes) we used the two-electrode Hogg method developed for cells having cylindrical shape. The stationary values of φm and Rm were scattered in rather wide range: -90 ÷ - 2 300 mV and 1÷ 32.6 Ohm·m , respectively. The average value of φm was -183±4.9 mV and the 2 value of the membrane resistance was 9±1.2 Ohm·m . The dependences of φm and Rm from the concentration of K+ in the medium were reflected by three-phase curves. In our experiments, we also compared the electrophysiological characteristics of Chara fragilis cells under natural conditions and treated with solutions of composites of roots of Taraxacum officinale (Dandelion ordinary) and Arctium lappa L. (Burdock). These composites are successfully used in medical practice as a tonic and are recognized as a radioprotector. The lowest concentration of composites that caused the electrophysiological reaction of the plasma membrane (threshold concentration) was 10–2 mg/ml. The electrophysiological effects of composites, such as depolarization of the plasma + membrane, were found in cells, φm which was in the range of activation of the K - channels of the outward rectification. The nature of the electrophysiological reactions of cells, which was in the range of activation of KCOR, during the introducing of 10-1 mg / ml or 10-2 mg / ml concentrations of the tested radioprotectors into the environment did not differ significantly. A variety of electrophysiological reactions of Chara fragilis cells have revealed with the introduction of 1 mg / ml concentration of Burdock and Dandelion composites into the composition of artificial pond water. Thus, the appearance of 1 mg / ml concentration of Burdock and Dandelion composites caused a slight transient hyperpolarization, which was accompanied by an increase of the membrane resistance by several percent in cells, which was in the range of activation of KCOR.
Keywords: Chara fragilis, membrane potential, membrane resistance, K+-channels, radioprotectors
144
FODDER VALUEBLE PLANTS OF STEPPE AND SEMIDESERT FORMATIONS
G. J. BAHADURLU
Research Institute of Crop Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan; E-mail: [email protected]
Subtropical steppe and semi-desert plants are widely spread in Atachai basin. This flora have been developed on gray and gray-brown soils at an altitude of 100-400 meters above sea level. This vegetation widely spread on slopes up to 100-450 meters above sea level in the region of the subtropical moorings. The following plant formations are available in the region: Paliurusetum-Tamarixosum -Agropyronetum formation.The formation spreads in the highlands, skirts and hills. The average height of the grass cover is 40-50 cm, its density is 30-35% and the grass is 11.5 m2 / ha. The dominant member of the formation is Agropyron cristatum and the abundance is 3-4 points. Paliurus, Artemisia fragrance, Bothriochloa ischaemum, Juniperus polycarpos, Pistacia, pomegranate,Rhus coriaria,Cotinus ,Festuca rupicola and other species have been encountered. The vegetation grow in gray-brown soil of medium gray. The total area is about 2629.3 hectares. This formation is located in the hills and mountains of the region. The average height of the grass cover is 50-60 cm and its density is about 35-40%. The efficiency of the food mass formulation is 10.5 s / ha. The dominant type of formasium is Bothriochloa ischaemum with an abundance of 3-4 points. Paliurusetum–Artemisiosum–Festucetum formation is mostly found in clean, stony and sloping caves at high altitudes. The vegetation is developed in gray-brown soils of medium gray. This shape spreads on higher slopes. Botanical structure of the formation contains a number of species as: Paliurus, Artemisia,Festuca sulcata, Rhamnus pallasii ,Pistacia,Písum, Achillea and etc.The average height of the grass is 50-60 cm and its density is about 40-45%. The dominance plant is Festuca sulcata and its obundance is about 2-3 points. Paliurusetum –Artemisiosum formation. The total area of this generation is about 1217.3 ha and it takes 3.6% of all area. The plants of this formation are spread in mountainous areas , valley and slopes. The pure yield is about 12.2 m2/ha. In the floral composition, 18 species of high plants were identified. Of these, 3 (16.7%) were shrubs, 6 (33.3%)species were cereals, 2 (11.1%) legumes and 7 species (38.9%) different grasses. The dominant plant of this formation is Artemisia fragrance with 3-4 points of obundance. Subdominant plant is Paliurus, abundance 2-3 points. Project scope is 50-65%. Its height is about 40-60 cm.
Keywords: Phytocenosis, formation, mesocserophyte, dominant, sinusia
145
THE IMPACT OF POWDERY MILDEW DISEASE TO THE CHLOROPHYLL OF BARLEY GENOTYPES IN FLOWERING, MILK DEVELOPMENT AND DOUGH DEVELOPMENT STAGES
G.Z. ISMAILOVA
Research Institute of Crop Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan
Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is a very important grain in the world today. It ranks fourth in both quantity produced and in area of cultivation of cereal crops in the world. Barley is high in carbohydrates, with moderate amounts of protein, calcium and phosphorus. It also has small amounts of the B vitamins. Barley is used commercially for animal feed, to manufacture malt, which is primarily used in beer production, for seed and for human food applications. Feed comprises about 70 percent of barley use. About 16 percent of barley is used for malting, seed or other industries and 14 percent is used for food. One of the main constraints to successful barley production results from foliar diseases, which destroy green leaf area and thus restrict the barley plant’s ability to set yield and fill grain. Barley is affected by a range of diseases that are responsible for considerable damage and loss of yield and quality annually. These include powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. Hordei. Blumeria graminis is an obligate, bio trophic fungal pathogen so it depends entirely on living plant tissue for its growth and reproduction. There are 4 ff. spp. one for each of the major cultivated cereals (barley, wheat, oats and rye). This sheet relates specifically to barley powdery mildew (Bg f.sp hordei) formerly known as Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei. Humid and warm conditions favor disease development. Many thousands of asexual spores (conidia) are produced on the leaf surface of a single barley plant. These are very lightweight and easily spread by wind. Leaf-to-leaf and plant-to-plant spread occur. Depending on the sensitivity to powdery mildew had been chosen three local varieties of barley and researched the dynamics of development in three (flowering, milk development and dough development) phonological stages and the impact of the disease to chlorophyll. Had been investigated the change of parameters in healthy (treated with foliar sprays) and infected samples of barley during the vegetation period. In result, we saw that the min. impact of the powdery mildew disease to chlorophyll of barley genotypes was in milk development phonological stage and the max impact of this disease was in flowering stage. In our research max lost of chlorophyll was observed in 6-th leaves.
Keywords: Barley, genotype, disease, powdery mildew, chlorophyll
146
VARIETY DISEASE RESISTANCE ROLE IN PEST AND DISEASE INFESTATION OF PEAR PLANT IN GUBA-KHACHMAZ REGION
N.S. BABAYEVA
Genetic Resources Institute, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
Fruit-growing is one of the most developed area of agricultural infrastructure of Azerbaijan. The capacity of gardening area on all fruit categories is 216121.2 ha and 65837 ha of it (30,46%) is for pomaceous fruits. Pear gardens consists 14,27% of pomaceous fruits. Development of fruit-growing in Azerbaijan regions is specialized by crop genus, soil-climate conditions requirements. So 75-80% of pomaceous fruits of our republic are grown in Guba-Khachmaz economic region. Currently, approximately 112 forms and varieties of pear are grown in that region. The long-term research work has been carried out on study of economy-biological features of those crop varieties and the varieties selected for their yield, especially for their disease and insect resistance.
Table. Evaluation of pear variety and forms for their disease and pest infestation resistance (5 balls scale)
Sort and Disease and pests forms Origin Scab Fruit Psylla pyri L. Cydia Dysaphis rotting pyrivora reamuri Abasbeyi Local 3.5 0.9 0.3 0.5 1.3 Ahmadgazı Local 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.6 1.2 Jir Nadiri Local 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.7 1.1 Gorkhmasi Local 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.9 Nar armudu Local 0.8 0.5 0.3 1.0 0.7 Dash sini Local 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.9 0.6 Serchebudu Local 0.9 0.5 0.3 0.9 0.3 Latifa Az. ETB and 0.6 0.4 0.8 0.9 0.6 SBI
Keywords: Scab, fruit rotting, Psylla pyri L., Cydia pyrivora, Dysaphis reamuri
147
LOCAL AND IMPORTED GRAINS MUSHROOM DISEASES
A.M. MAMMEDOVA
Genetic Resources Institute, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
Grain-crops in our country are mainly cultivated in foothills and mountainous foothills, and drought, frost, disease-resistant, high-fertile, productive and qualitative varieties should be preferred. Accordingly, the collection of global collection and local samples collected from various cereal-vegetable plants should be collected and tested in different regions of the country, environmental sustainability and disease selection and prospective, adaptive-quality varieties for each region should be disseminated. For this purpose, world gene pool samples and local examples of leguminous plants from İKARDA international organization have been studied. Cereal- leguminous plants contain many proteins rich in very good amino acids. At the same time, their composition includes other organic and inorganic substances, vitamins and so on. Rich in size. Cereals are a valuable foodstuff, but they are sometimes exposed to diseases and pests, and productivity is low. Therefore, it is important to protect them from diseases and pests to achieve good quality productivity. Scientific research work is being carried out to study these diseases and pests, to identify methods of struggle and to create sustainable varieties. One of the most important problems of the day is the study of varieties of chickpeas, lentils, horse beans, lamb, beans, cow poultry varieties, detection of persistent gene sources and their selection as donor material in high- resistant cereals. For this purpose, research works on phytopathological assessment of the durability of these cereals in the Absheron Experimental Base of the ANAS on the natural background fungal diseases have been carried out. During this phytopathological evaluation, acute asthma, anthracnose, bacteriosis and olive mold fungal infections were detected. According to the phytopathological evaluation, it is advisable to use the cereal and pulses of the highest quality immunosuppressively and selectively as a donor in the selection of tolerant, resistant and immune samples to mammals.
Keywords: Assessment, disease, immune, donor, selection
148 GENETIC DIVERSITY AND PLUM POX VIRUS RESISTANCE OF APRICOT (PRUNUS ARMENIACA L.) IN AZERBAIJAN
A.M. RAKIDA
Genetic Resources Institute, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E- mail: [email protected]
Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) is one of the most important fruit crops in Azerbaijan. It belongs to the Rosaceae family with eight pairs of chromosome. China, the Irano-Caucasian region (Turkey, Iran and Azerbaijan), Central Asia, Europe and North America are the main apricot producer regions in the world. The one of the most serious problem of apricot is the Sharka disease, which is caused by Plum pox virus (PPV). In the present study, the genetic diversity, population structure and genetic relationships among 61 apricot varieties of Azerbaijan was investigated with microsatellite (simple sequence repeat, SSR) markers. The studied collection was also screened for the existence of the SEO/Harlayne-type resistance gene. The PCR products from 17 loci of the 61 accessions were obtained, and their fragments were analyzed. The allele sizes were scored, and the SSR characteristic values, namely the number of alleles (n), expected heterozygosity (He), observed heterozygosity (Ho) and PIC were calculated. A total of 61 alleles were produced at the 17 loci. The mean He, Ho and PIC values were 0.75, 0.77 and 0.71, respectively. Eleven SSR markers which located on LG1, close to PPVres locus (aprigms18, Gol061, PGS1.03, PGS1.20, PGS1.21, PGS1.23, PGS1.24, PGS1.252, 96P10 SP6, ssrPaCITA5 and ssrPaCITA17) were investigated. Three of them (PGS1.21, PGS1.23 and PGS1.24) were reported to carry resistance linked alleles. The cultivars ‘Harlayne’ and ‘SEO’ hosting resistant linked alleles were used as the control in the search for resistant alleles in the population. The 239, 160, 118 bp alleles are the resistance linked alleles for PGS1.21, PGS1.23 and PGS1.24, respectively. SSR profiles of the accessions will improve the management of apricot genepool in Azerbaijan. In addition, information on the genetic diversity and Plum pox virus resistance in Azerbaijan apricots will assist further breeding programs on creating new resistant cultivars with high productive traits.
Keywords: Genetic diversity, SSR, Plum pox, apricot, Prunus armeniaca
149 DETERMINATION OF THE AMOUNTS OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS, ASCORBIC ACID AND GLUTATHIONE IN GRAPE (VITIS VINIFERA) LEAVES INFECTED WİTH PHYTOPLASMA
A.M. MADADLİ1, R.M. MAMMADOVA1, S.A. HUSEYNOVA2
1 Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected] 2 Azerbaijan State Agrarian University
Nowadays, protection of the agricultural plants from pathogens is of great economical importance. Therefore, one of the actual problems is the study of phytoplasma causing various diseases in strategically important grape plants. Using the classic CTAB method, DNA was isolated from leaf samples collected in the Experimental field of the Institute of Viticulture and Wine-making of the Ministry of Agriculture of Azerbaijan. As a result of PCR, started with R16mF2/R16mR1 primer pairs and continued with R16F2n/R16R2 primer pairs, phytoplasma was detected in the Mahmudu grape variety. Amounts of photosynthetic pigments and some metabolites were studied comparatively in phytoplasma-infected samples and healthy plants. A sharp decline in photosynthetic pigment contents was detected in infected leaves (chl a ~2.3 times, chl b ~0.5 times and car ~1.3 times). This decline can be attributed to the impairments in photosynthetic apparatus due to phytoplasma effects. On the other hand, this can be caused by the activation of the enzyme chlorophyllase. Ascorbic acid and glutathione are the most common antioxidant substances in plants. Being in the direct relationship with active radicals, these substances reduce hydroperoxides and variable valent metals. The tolerance of plants against stressor effects depends on the amounts of ascorbic acid and glutathione. Phytoplasma infections cause serious changes in the metabolism of host plant cells. According to the obtained results, the ascorbic acid content decreased 1.2 times and the reduced glutathione content increased ~3 times in the phytoplasma-infected plants compared with control variants. The ascorbic acid synthesis in plants inhibits the activity of the electron transport chain of respiration. Impairments in photosynthetic apparatus of the grape plants caused by pathogen effects are assumed to attenuate the ascorbic acid synthesis.
Keywords: Vitis vinifera, phytoplasma, photosynthetic pigments, ascorbic acid, glutathione
150 EFFECT OF SALT STRESS ON THE MORPHOPHYSIOLOGICAL SIGNS OF WHEAT AND MAIZE SEEDLINGS
K.R. TAGIYEVA
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
The creation of new salt tolerant and drought-resistant varieties of wheat and corn is one of the important challenges facing scientists. To achieve this goal, first of all, it is necessary to study the ability of seeds to germinate, the growth and development of seedlings under salt stress. Therefore, the main goal of our research was to study the effect of different concentrations of sodium chloride on the germination of wheat and maize seeds. The experiments were carried out with the seeds of wheat variety gyrmyzy bugda (Triticum durum Desf.) and maize (Zea mays L.). Wheat and maize seeds were germinated under laboratory conditions in Petri dishes in four variants. Distilled water was used for the control variant, and sodium chloride solutions in concentrations of 50 mMol, 100 mMol and 150 mMol were used for the experimental variant. Seed germination and germination energy were determined. The content of chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids was determined in two- week-old seedlings. Crushed leaves were homogenized in a mortar in 95% ethil alcohol. Leaf homogenate was centrifuqed at 200 g for 5 min. The precipitate was used to determine the content of cholorophyll and carotenoids. The piqment contect was determined on a Multiqam spectrofotometr at a wafellenght of 663, 645 and 440.5 nm. The amount of piqments was calculated using Wettstern coefficients.With increasing concentration of sodium chloride, seed germination decreased in all samples. Maize seeds were more sensitive to the effect of salt. Salt stress affects the photosynthesis of plants directly and indrectly.Sodium chloride has an asmotic and detrimental effect. Under the action at sodium ions, the ion pumps in the cell, which regulate the balance at sodium and potassium ions, are disrupted. As a result, the flow of sodium ions into the cele increases and the work of enzymes disturbed. Chlorine anions damage the stiructure of chloroplasts and disrupt the work of photosystems.
Keywords: Wheat, maize, stress, germination, chloroppyll, carotenoids
151 STUDY OF THE BIOMETRIC INDICATORS OF BEAN WITH GAMMA-IRRADIATED SEEDS
N.R. GULIYEVA
Institute of Radiation Problems, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
Plants throughout their ontogenesis cycle are impacted by extreme environmental factors. As a result, growth and development of the plants slow down, biological indicators of their organs and tissues change, as well as rates of important physiological and biochemical processes weaken to lower the plants’ productivity and heavily detriment the farms. According to multiple research findings, in extreme conditions the plants try to protect themselves from stress impact by making certain changes in metabolism. The present work’s main objective is to study impact of bean seeds’ pre-sowing processing by gamma rays in different dosages to its vegetative organs’ biometric indicators at its early vegetation cycle. Dry seeds of bean (Sevinj species) taken as the research object were irradiated using Co-60 source, and raised in petri plates. Then 3-day sprouts of the plant were transferred to 400 ml vegetation plates. Just like in natural conditions, for providing location of the roots in dark medium (under soil) the plates were covered with a black lid and a distilled water added in equal portions to each of them. In accordance with observations and measurements, subject to a dosage, gamma radiation doesn’t similarly influence the plant stem and root system. Thus, for example, if at 200 Gy dosage in samples the stem development slows down, the plant’s root system is more developed as compared to the control. In this case despite on the main root’s length being 56% less than the control, side roots become roughly 2 times longer and also form a fringy root system. We should note out that with such radiation dose the stem length was 37% less than the control. In cases of 5 Gy, 10 Gy radiation dosages we observe a different situation. Under these radiation dosages in the test samples the main root length is 80% and 60% less, while the stem length 90% and 88% less than the control, respectively. And with 50 Gy and 100 Gy radiation doses the roots length is almost identical to that one in the control plant, and the stem length 54% and 70% less than the control.
Keywords: Bean seeds, gamma rays, biometric indicators
152 THE CONTENT OF PECTIC SUBSTANCES OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF APPLES AND PEARS
G.H. MAMMADLI1, S.N. OMAROVA1, Y.A. OMAROV2
1 Baku State University; E-mail: [email protected] 2 Ministry of Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan; E-mail: [email protected]
The pectic substances of plant tissues comprise an empirically defined group of polysaccharides containing galactose, arabinose and galacturonic acid as the main sugar residues. Pectic substances in vegetables and fruits are presented in the form of protopectin – a dense, high-molecular-weight, insoluble substance that, together with cellulose and hemicellulose, forms the skeleton of the cell wall and pectin, a soluble substance, which is in cell sap. Protopectin can be a source of pectin, it appears as a result of its boiling or under the influence of the enzyme protopectinase. The stiffness of immature fruits can be explained by the significant content of protopectin in them; during ripening, the protopectin is split and the fruits become softer, while they are enriched with pectin. Thus, pectic substances attract more and more attention of researchers, due to their peculiar structure, unique biological functions in plants and a wide range of physiological activity. Pectic polysacchides have also immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities. Besides, they contribute for removing of toxins, salts of heavy metals, radionuclides from the body of animals and humans. So the study of pectic substances in fruits and vegetables is very interesting. The main purpose of this research is determination of the quantitative composition of pectic substances among three different varieties of apples and pears. As the objects of research we took local and introduced varieties of apples (Gizil Ahmedi, Rennet Simirenko) and pears (Duchess, Conference). For comparative analysis, we also used one imported variety of each fruit. Apple – Red Delicious, pear – Lyra. Comparative data regarding the content of both water-soluble and insoluble pectin substances were obtained during conducted experiments. According to the results of our research, the highest amount of water-soluble pectin is found in apples Gizil Ahmedi and the smallest - in a pear Lyra, the opposite can be said regarding the amount of protopectin in these fruits.
Keywords: Water-soluble pectin, protopectin, apple, pear
153 EARLY BLIGHT OF POTATO AND METHODS OF ITS ELIMINATION
H.K. JUMSHUDOVA
Research Institute of Vegetable-Growing, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan
The potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a starchy, tuberous crop. İt is the fourth major crop of the world after rice, wheat and maize (corn). The importance of the potato as a food source and culinary ingredient varies by region and is still changing. Although the potential for potato production is large in our republic, a part of the current demand is met through import and it costs a lot of money. The reasons are different: a part of potato decays in the fields, another part perishes from the disease in the warehouses. There are many factors that reduce the yield of the crop among which the diseases like early blight. Alternaria solani is a fungal pathogen, that produces a disease in potato plants called early blight. The pathogen produces patterned leaf spots and can also cause stem lesions and tuber blight on potato. Despite the name "early," foliar symptoms usually occur on older leaves. If uncontrolled, early blight can cause significant yield reductions. Primary methods of controlling this disease include preventing long periods of wetness on leaf surfaces and applying fungicides. In potato, primary damage by A. solani is attributed to premature defoliation of potato plants, which results in tuber yield reduction. Initial infection occurs on older leaves, with concentric dark brown spots developing mainly in the leaf center. The disease progresses during the period of potato vegetation, and infected leaves turn yellow and either dry out or fall off the stem. On stems, spots are gaunt with no clear contours (as compared to leaf spots). Tuber lesions are dry, dark and pressed into the tuber surface, with the underlying flesh turning dry, leathery and brown. During storage, tuber lesions may enlarge and tubers may become shriveled. Disease severity due to A. solani is highest when potato plants are injured, under stress or lack proper nutrition. High levels of nitrogen, moderate potassium and low phosphorus in the soil can reduce susceptibility of infection by the pathogen. It is used cultural and chemical control against of the disease. Cultural control: clearing infected debris from field effects to reduce inoculum for the next year, watering of plants in the morning so plants are wet for the shortest amount of time, using a drip irrigation system to minimize leaf wetness which provides optimal conditions for fungal growth, using mulch so spores in soil cannot splash onto leaves from the soil, rotate to a non-Solanaceous crop for at least three years, planting resistant cultivars, increasing air circulation in rows. Damp conditions allow for optimal growth of A. solani and the disease spreads more rapidly. This can be achieved by planting farther apart or by trimming leaves. Chemical control: When the initial symptoms of the disease appear, it is necessary to sprinkle with fungicides. There are numerous fungicides on the market for controlling early blight. Some of the fungicides on the market are (azoxystrobin), pyraclostrobin, Bacillus subtilis, chlorothalonil, copper products, hydrogen dioxide (Hydroperoxyl), mancozeb, potassium bicarbonate, and ziram. Specific spraying regiments are found on the label. Labels for these products should be read carefully before applying.
Keywords: Early blight, Alternaria solani, potato, fungi
154 INFLUENСE OF THE MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON A NUTRIENT QUANTITY IN BEAN PLANT AND IN SOIL
Sh.A. MAMMADOVA
Institute of Soil Sciense and Agrochemistry, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
The fruit-bearing ability of soil gets reduced by the fertilizers use decrease in agrarian industrial complex for last years, consequently food-stuffs production gets diminished, the quality becomes worse. At present meeting demand of the population for valuable food-stuffs is urgent. One of the solution methods of this problem is an expanse of the ploughing areas for the Leguminous plants with valuable protein and productivity increase, Incorrect selection of the nutrient ratios, norms, forms, application methods in mineral fertilizers caused decrease of the plants productivity, ecologically contamination of soils, also fertility decrease. For the purpose of preservation of the irrigative grey-brown soils fertility and bean productivity increase, an influence of organic and mineral fertilizers rational norms, ratio selection on a quantity of total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and nutrient gathering in plant organs (leaf, trunk and root) and in soil was studied. The research object was irrigated grey-brown soils, “Zulal” sort of the bean. The following schemes have been used in bean-growing: 1. Control (fertilizerless - background): 2. Background + 10t manure; 3. Background + N30P30K30; 4. Background + N60P60K30; 5. Background + N90P60K60. A principal reason of the bean valuable-ness is collection of 50-60 kg and more biological nitrogen in soil every year, and this allows to minimize nitrogen fertilizers application. A quantity of total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium gathering in surface and underground organs of the bean and in soil was comparatively Learnt with the fertilizerless variant. We can show according to the analysis conseguences that an amount of total nitrogen varied 1.20-1.31 in root; 0.99-1.33 in trunk, 2.88- 3.44 in Leaves and 2.52-2.87% in fruit, phosphorus quantity – 0.04-0.06; 0.03-0.15; 0.12-0.19 and 0.18-0.27%, potassium -1.08-1.63, 1.30-1.94; 0.97-1.65 or 1.86-2.26%, under all the versions. Humus number in the soils under the bean plant is 0,8-1,81% on all the versions, a quantity of the gross phosphorus is 2.40-74.0 on 0-50 cm of Layer and exchangeable potassium varies by 147.5- 538.8 mg/kg. An amount of total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and nutrient in the soil and underground and surface organs of the bean plant was more under all the variants in comparison with control version.
Keywords: Bean, irrigated grey-brown soils, nutrient elements
155 THE ECOLOGICAL CONDITION OF THE JALILABAD CADASTRAL REGION
N.Z. NAJAFOVA
Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
There are 28 cadastral units, namely 25 land cadastral regions and 3 land cadastral subregions in 5 natural-agricultural areas within the borders of the Republic. The Jalilabad cadastral region is one of the important cadastral regions in terms of development of agriculture and other sectors of the economy. The plains and partly foothill territories of the same administrative district are included in the Jalilabad cadastral region. Jalilabad is bordered by Bilasuvar to the north, Neftchala to the east, Masally to the south, Yardimli to the south-west and the Islamic Republic of Iran to the west. The total area is 102.3 thousand hectares (1.2% of the territory of Azerbaijan). 24.5 thousand hectares are sowing areas (23.9%), 19.2 thousand ha are perennial plantings (18.8%), 11.1 thousand hectares are pastures (10.8%), 20.9 thousand hectares are grasslands (20.4%). Territory is plain and low mountainous. The highest point is 1,000 meters, while some places are lower than the ocean level in the eastern part. Anthropagne, paleogene and neogene sediments are spread in the mountainous part. There are Bolgarchay, Misharchay, Injachay, Goytepechay, Hamashara and other revers in the territory of the region. Lands suitable for agricultural needs are 76.2 thousand hectares. The average annual temperature is 14.1 , the active temperature sum during the vegetation period is 4300-4400 . The annual precipitation is 400-600 mm. Precipitation is unevenly distributed throughout the year, and it prevails in spring and autumn. This is suitable for growing grapes. Therefore, the territory of the region is mainly specialized in the cultivation of this plant. Grass- brown, gray-brown, grass-gray, mountain-brown, mountain-yellow brown and partly saline soils are spread in the area. Mountain-brown soils are spread in the north-western part of the cadastral region, while meadow-brown soils are in the northern part. Cereals are main production of this cadastral region. The study of the soil-climatic characteristics of the cadastral region of Jalilabad allowed revealing the Tazakand-Uchtapa subregion. The Tazakand-Uchtapa subregion covers 7 administrative- territorial units (Kovuzbulag, Boykhanli, Khanagah Mikayilli, Jangan, Lekin, Shatirli) of the Jalilabad region. Additional production areas are sheep breeding, poultry farming and horticulture.
Keywords: Cadastr, soil, relief, vegetation
156 CHANGE NUMBERS OF MICROORGANISMS UNDER VEGETABLE CULTURES OF IRRIGATED GREY-BROWN SOILS
N.H. ОRUJOVA, V.Q. ISAQOVA
Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
Microorganisms play an important role in fertility and plant nourishment, a character and intensity of microbiological processes proceeding in soil depend on their quantity and quality. The activity of microorganisms in soils is related to the formation and mineralization of soil humus and inactivation of substances released from plants and inhibiting substances entering the soils with applied chemicals. The analysis of the soil microflora includes the determination of the total number of microorganisms in the soil and the populations of particular physiological groups. Object of researches are irrigated gray- brown soils (Irragric Gypsic Calcisols in the WRB) of dry subtropic. Biogenity of grey-brown soils of subtropic zones in a vegetable-fodder and a vegetable-bean crop rotations compared with permanent cultivation of these cultures has been studied. The effect of crop rotations and permanent crop growing on the biogenic features of irrigated soils was studied for irrigated gray- brown soils in a six-field vegetable-forage (1- lucerne of the first year, 2 - lucerne of the second year, 3 - watermelons, 4 - potatoes, 5- garlic, and 6 - cabbage + tomatoes) and five-field vegetable-legume (1 - tomatoes, 2 - haricots, 3 - water melons, 4 - potatoes, and 5 - haricots) crop rotation. The general number of microorganisms in irrigated soils under cultivated cultures gradually decreases with the reduction of organic substance depending on depth. In the irrigated gray-brown soils used in rotation systems with different crops, the numbers of microorganisms in the upper 50 cm of the soil profiles varies within the following values: 736-2016 thousand CFU/g of dry soil for bacteria, 111-197 thousand CFU/g of dry soil for spore-forming bacteria, 262-594 thousand CFU/g of dry soil for actinomycetes, and 1.4-3.8 thousand CFU/g of dry soil for microscopic fungi. The results of the analyses have shown that character of change of number of the basic physiological groups of microorganisms (a bacteria, sporeforming bacteria, actinomiseties and microscopic fungies) depends not only on soil-ecological conditions but also on the kind and biological features of cultivated cultures. Under permanent cultures the quantity of microorganisms was less, and factor of mineralization is higher above, than in crop rotation.
Keywords: Rotation, vegetable cultures, permanent cultivation, irrigated soils, numbers of microorganisms, the coefficient of mineralization
157 MICROBIOLOGICAL PROCESSES INTENSITY IN THE ERODED MOUNTAIN-GREY BROWN SOILS
M.N. MAMMADOVA
Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
There is a complex physical condition in the south-eastern part of the Great Caucasus as in the mountainous zone of Azerbaijan. The soils are subjected to erosion process as a result of the joint influence of the natural condition complexity and antropoghenic pressures. The fertile layer of the soil surface is washed out in the eroded soil surface is washed out in the eroded soils. The humus quantity gets strongly reduced, its quality becomes worse here. Humus Loss and decrease of the plant remnants amount weakens humus forming process. The microbiological process weakens in such soils and this causes the plant residues reduction. An influence of microelements under the autumnal wheat (without awn-1) in the mountain-grey-brown soils of Aghsu in the south-eastern part from the Great Caucasus on microbiological processes was investigated, humus number 3.0- 3 3 3.93%, CO2 1.71-11.44%, pH 7.1-7.4, bulky mass 1.0-1.08 g/cm , special mass 2.53-2.54 g/cm , but porosity 55-57%, a quantity of absorbed bases 26-28 m/kv (in 100g of soil). The microorganisms amount was 5661 000 in 1g soil under control variant; 6637000 under background version (N60P60K60), but 6798000-9984000 under experimental versions. The most effect was under the variants in which 4 kg molybdenum (9294000), 4 kg zinc (9792000) and 4 kg cobalt (9984000) are applied per hectare and a quantity increase was 976000 under background variant in comparison with the version without fertilizer. So, if a quantity of CO2 extracting form soil under the version without fertilizer is 45.8 mg in 1 kg soil for an hour 51.4 mg under background (N60P60K60) version; but it was 55.0-75.2 mg under versions with microelements. The most carbon dioxide gas extraction was under the versions with 4kg/h manganese, molybdenum, zinc and cobalt (correspondingly 71.5, 72.0, 73.4 and 75.2 mg). The ferment activity, improvement of microbiological and biological 3 3 action in soil (CO2) was 5.7 cm for a minute, but it was 6.6 cm under background version. Catalase activity under the versions in which the microelement is applied at the main fertilizers 3 3 (N60P60K60) background was 8.6 -10.00 cm . The catalase action was 2.0-3.4 cm under experimental variants in comparison with background version. The best effect was observed under the versions with 4kg manganese, molybdenum, zinc and cobalt. So it is known from the researches that CO2 intensity reduces while a quantity of microorganisms gets diminished.
Keywords: Erosion, mountain grey-brown, wheat plant, microelements, microbiological process
158 TO THE STUDY OF INVASIVE SPECIES IN AZERBAIJAN
N.M. EMINLI, K.E. BAYRAMOVA
Institute of Botany, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
In recent years rapid and large-scale growth and migration of invasive (alien, foreign) species is observed in the world flora. Inclusion of foreign species into local flora will result in the change of natural ecosystems and serious changes that will not be recovered in the gene pool of populations of local plant species. From this point of view, problems with invasive species are considered to be one of the actual issues in ensuring the country's environmental security. Accordingly, a number of documents have been adopted: the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (Rio de Janeiro, 1992), the "Strategic Plan for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of the Biodiversity for 2011-2020 years " (in the 10th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, Nagoya, 2010) and etc. Along with these, various research programs have been adopted in Europe - "Delivering Alien Invasive Species In Europe" (DAISIE) and others. In the last 3 years the list of invasive flora of Azerbaijan was compiled by R.T.Abdieva, and also a new type was given - Acalipha australis L. (2014) by N.P.Mehdiyeva, Phalacranoma annua (L.) Dumort. (2017) N.P.Mehdiyeva, А.Q.Dadashova, V.M.Ali-zade According to our investigations Xanthium strumarium L., X.spinozum L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Coniza canadensis (L.) Cronquist and so on. play dominant role in the natural flora.It should be noted that there are some alien species which have beneficial properties. During two years initial investigations show that local areas of alien species in the north-western part of Azerbaijan (particularly border with Russia and Georgia) and in Kur-Araz lowland, Talish regions where is cultivated cotton, tea, rice. The purpose of our research is to find out the list of invasive flora as well as the identification of dangerous invasive plant species. Therefore, it is important to study the biological and ecological potential of alien species and the dynamics of their spread.
Keywords: Invazion, flora, dinamic, dominant
159 HISTORICAL STUDY OF GAGEA (SALISB.) GENUS
A.S. IMANOVA
Institute of Botany. Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
Bulbous, herbaceous plants have been spread in many countries around the world. These plants are widely distributed in Azerbaijan. Liliaceae family plays important role among these bulbous plants. The Family consists of several genera such as (Gagea.Salisb, Lilium L, FritillariaL, TulipaL). The genus Gagea was the firstly described by Salisbery in 1806. The species of this genus are the shortest plants among the genus of Lilaceae family. In 1849, for the first time the classification of species of this genus was given by K. Koch and included 17 species. The plant was named Gagea in honor of the British amateur botanist Tomas Heccin. Although the genus has been studied by many scientists, I.G.Levichev’s classification is mostly used in modern times. Systematic classification of the genus is so complicated. When the first description of the species of the genus was given by K. Koch in 1849, there was already 17 species of the genus that had been studied. Moreover, Boissier, Terracciano (1905), Pascher (1904), Grossheim (1935), Davlianidze (1976), Levichev (1990, 1999) added new illustrations to Koch classification and all these things greatly influenced the modern taxonomy of the genus. According to the Buasyens classification, four species were included into the genus. About 30 years later, Grossheim began to re-explore the genus Gagea and added new scientific clarification. However, Pascheri classification was supported by many well-known scientist ((Stroh (1937), Uphof (1958-1960) and Rechinger (1986). Countless new classifications belonging to the Middle East and Central Asia were created and after a period of time, the old classifications began to lose their significance. In 1976, M.Davlianidze studied morphological features of Caucasus species of the genus and added 26 species to taxonomic content. According to the general morphological features of Gagea genus, Levichev included 12 species into the taxonomic content in 1990. Currently, Zarrei and Zarre (2005), Peruzzi (2008) and Peterson (2008) referred to the most commonly accepted classification of Levichev in science.
Keywords: Gagea, Liliaceae, systemaics, history
160 VITAMIN PLANTS SPREAD IN THE REGION OF GEDABEY
A. A. KARIMOVA
Institute of Botany, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
Vitamins occupy significant place among biologically active substances of vegetative character. The representatives of the formation belonging to these class possess physiological potential of different direction. Such vitamins as spasmolytic, anticoagulants, hypertension, cholecystitis, anti- inflammatory broadening capillary vessels including vitamins with other potential are of great significance for practical medicine. Scientists have always been in search in order to prevent rapidly increasing vitamin shortage in the world. In Azerbaijan scientific researchers have been done for many years, scientists study the chemical compositions of plants as well as explore the composition of vitamins by using modern methods. In this respect the discovery of the sources of new vitamins is of great importance. The research work related to vitamin vegetation are underway in the region of Gedabey situated on the high and median mountain ranges of the Minor Caucasus. Morphological, geothermal and phytocenology methods had been used during the research work. As the geographical condition of this area is different the species of vegetation spread here are rich and various. One can come across many species of useful medical, food, decorative and other herbs. All the parts of this area consists of mountainous landscape. This area mainly contains mountains- forest brown earth, black earth and bath brightest meadows. It was determined that everlasting herbs occupy the most part of this area, however trees and bushes are very few in number. The phytocenological properties and stock of some vitamin herbs existing in the flora of Gedabey region have also been studied during the research work. It became clear the vegetation growing in mountains, forest and meadows are the main plants of this area. It was reveal that most of the herbs studied by the research usually grow in mountain and forest cenosis. Some of them create formations and participate in the formation of some association. As the stock of vitamins herbs explored by the research work is rather high they can be gathered and used in industrial scale. The research work has revealed the areas where vitamins herbs spread and it became clear that the vitamins herbs growing in this area consist of 188 types of herbs, belonging to 35 families and 30 genus. Trees make up 35.6%, bushes and subshrubs – 22.4%, annual and everlasting plants make up 42.5%. Everlasting herbs make up the vast majority of vitamin vegetation.
Keywords: Vitamin plants, family, genus, species
161 LIFE FORMS OF OLEIFEROUS PLANTS
N. A. MURADOVA
Institute of Botany, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
The classification of oleiferous plants growing in the region of Guba has been researched. There has been carried out taxonomic, ecological-geographical, bio morphological analyses. The analyses of bio morphological structure have been carried out according to the classification by I.G.Serebryakov and ecological analyses on A.P.Shennikov, taxonomical, ecological-geographical analyses in accordance with the “Flora of Azerbaijan”, “Summary of Azerbaijan’s Flora” and taking into consideration new taxonomic changes. The study of plants life forms and their dynamics of development are very important for understanding the regularities of their adaptations to environmental conditions. The classification of life forms drawn up by C.Ranker (1906) and I.G.Serebryakov (1964) got more recognition among the numerous classification prepared by the world’s scientists. Ranker’s classification is based on the location of bud reproduction and the presence of adaptation for the survival of the plant during unfavorable season of the year. All the plants have been divided into 5 groups: phanerophyte, chamaephyte, hemicryptophyte and therophyte. Only two of them are typical for the oleiferous plants growing in the region of Guba – this are phanerophyte and therophyte. Phanerophyte - this are trees and shrubs, having bud reproduction, open or close, located on vertically growing bines higher than 20- 30 sm. Domestic Apples (Malus domestic), Thorny Plum (Prunus spinosa) , Cat Tree (Euonymus europaea) can be refer to them. Having no bud reproduction, therophytes – are the plants, which live one season and only reproduce from seeds. Such oleiferous plants of the researched as Bur Beggar-Ticks (Bidens tripartita) and Joan Silverpin (Papaver somniferum L.) belong to them. I.Q.Serebryakov singled out 4 sections and 8 types of plants life forms. Relying on the information, there has been prepared statistics of 80 different species out of more than 20 families of oleiferous plants growing in the region of Guba. Trees, shrubs make up 23.37%, subshrubs – 1.27%, polycarpic and monocarpic herbs – 75.36%, amphibian herbs – 0%. The oleiferous plants growing in the region of Guba are annual, two year and everlasting herbage plants. The following families are their main representatives: Crucifer (Cruciferae Juss.) – 24.13%; - 14 species: - Compositae (Asteraceae (Vaill.) Adans) – 17.24%; - 10 species: - Solanaceae (Solanaceae) – 10.34%; - 6 species: - Labiate (Lamiaceae) – 8.62%; - 5 species; Fabaceae (Fabaceae (Leguminosae Juss.) – 8.62%; - 5 species: Malvaceae (Malvaceae) – 6.89% - 5 species. The main part of woody plants is the family of Rosacea (Rosaceae Juss.), which makes up 50% of the whole quantity.
Keywords: Oleiferous plants, species, life forms
162 ETHNO-BOTANICAL ANALYSIS OF LANKARAN REGION OF AZERBAIJAN
G.Sh. SHIRALIYEVA
Institute of Botany, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
The many-colouredness and diversity of the vegetation cover and flora of the region has caused interest to many scientists and naturalists since ХVIII century. So, the main indicatior of being special of the region is the location of Hirkan-type forests in Lankaran-Talish area. The flora of the region is rich with rare and being extincted plant species. As as result of our research, it was defined 35 rare and endemic plants which belong to the flora of the region. Tilia begoniifolia, Carpinus betulus, Quercus castaneifolia, Fаgus оriеntаlis, Alnus subcordata, Populus hyrcana, Acer hyrcanum, Parrotia persica etc. species are the main dominants which participate in the formulation of the forest plant-growing. As a result of the ethno-botanical survey held among the local people, it was determined that Rubus caesius L., Mespilus germanica L., Tilia begoniifolia Stev., Crаtаеgus micrоfillа C.Kоch., Rosa gallica L., Cydonia oblonga Mill., Punica granatum L., Primula heterechoma Stapf., Chenopodium vulvaria L., Amaranthus albus L. etc. species are used for the nourishment and medical treatment purposes. It was also defined the productivity of the wild fruits and berries which spread in the mentioned area: Quercus castaneifolia - 6600 kg/ha, Malus orientalis - 90 kg/ha, Mespilus germanica - 670 kg/ha, Diospyrus lotus - 580 kg/ha, Buxus hyrcana - 50 kg/ha, Sorbus torminalis - 45 kg/ha, Ficus hyrcana - 30 kg/ha, Punica granatum - 25 kg/ha, Pyrus hyrcana- 5 kg/ha, Pyrus boisseriana - 3 kg/ha, Pterocarya ptericarpa - 90 kg/ha.
Keywords: Ethno-botanical survey, fruit and berry, productivity
163 ROSARIES OF CENTRAL BOTANICAL GARDEN
O.O. GAFAROVA
Central Botanical Garden, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
Contemporary collection of the roses it is the family complex, which was commence created in Central Botanical Garden of ANAS since 70 of the past century by scientist A.T.Iskenderov. Today the square of rosaries is consist of 0.6 hectare, on which were planted approximately 580 varieties of foreign selection, related to the various garden group. Based on many years work according to introduction and primary sort of its researchthere was found out that most perceptiveness for Absheron roses is from the next garden group: hybrid-tea, floribunda, grandiflora, patio, miniatures, rambler large-flowers, half rambler (shrub) and roses of Kordes as the matter of fact all of them difference of sustained plentiful flowering, in spring-autumn periods. Appropriate of the complex biology and housewifely collection in rosaries garden of the sorts differences roses and its experience by their introduction enabled in beginning of XXI century by the way of hybridization and selection to begin work on re-generation of the new sorts in native selection. In resulting of selection work, which was carried out with collection of Rosa L. research fellows of laboratory of floriculture there were created 120 high decorative, drought tolerance and resistance to pathogens fungal sorts of roses, 31 from which excellently passed sort experiments and could use in industrial floriculture and landscape design. There are 3 varieties for example Esrin Muqavilesi HT, Sari Gelin HT, Nazperi HT, in 2008 year they are passed test in Commission State on preserving of selection achievements, for this author of roses selections A.T.Iskenderov awarded patent and authorship certification. Same varieties Ministry of Agriculture were accept in State Registry and recommended for greening landscape I district territory of Azerbaijan Republic. 7 new varieties was selected - Absheron Symphonie F., Academic Jalal Aliyev HT., Academic Hasan Aliyev HT., Qara Gile HT., Leyla HT., Professor Lotfi Zadeh HT.
Keywords: Garden roses, introduction, rosaries, selection, sampling
164 INVESTIGATION OF THE COMPOSITION OF THE SMYRNIOSIS AUCHERI PLANT BODY BY THE GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY METHOD
N.S. ALİKHANOVA1, G.Q. GASYMOVA2, S.V. SARKAROV1
1 Institute of Botany, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected] 2 Ganja State University; E-mail: [email protected]
Smyrniopsis aucheri is one of the plant species that keeps the kumarin derivatives as members of other breeds belonging to the breed (Apiaceae). By studying the total amount of extracted ingredients from the surface of this plant by column chromatography, we found that the upper parts of the abdominal organs differ from the roots - umbelliferon ether. Thus, one of the coumarin derivatives, individually obtained by collagen chromatography, was identified by the auraptene based on the results obtained from interpritation of IQ- and 1H, 13C NMR-spectra. Using the Gas- Chromatography-Mass-Spectrometry (GC-MS) method, the chemical components of the plant's body have been studied. According to the results, cells were identified and identified as angelisin (C11H6O3), psoralen (C11H6O3), isobergapten (C12H8O4), orocellone (C14H10O3), agazylline (C19H20O5), 3,4-dianenedioxioxy-3,4-dihydrocycline (C24H26O7).
Keywords: Apiaceae, Smyrniopsis, coumarins, gas-chromat-mass
165 IDENTIFICATION OF STEROID AND TRITERPENE COMPOUNDS OF FLOWER, LEAF AND BODY OF THE SMYRNIOSIS AUCHERI PLANT BY GAS- CHROMATOGRAPHY - MASS-SPECTROMETRY
N.S. ALIKHANOVA1, G.Q. GASYMOVA2, S.V. SARKAROV1
1 Institute of Botany, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 2 Ganja State University; E-mail: [email protected]
Quality composition of steroid and triterpene compounds in flower, leaf and body of Smyrniopsis aucheri (Apiaceae) species was investigated by Gas-Chromatography - Mass-spectrometry method. 4,4,6α,6β,8α, 11,12,14 β-Oktamethyl-dokosahydropisen-3,13-diol, elemental composition C30H52O2, stigmasterol, elemental composition C29H48O, total composition of extracts of flowers and leaves of Smyrniopsis aucheri type, β-sitosterol, elemental composition C29H50O, α-amirin, elemental composition C30H50O, Lupeol, element composition C30H50O: Extractive substances derived from stems, stigmasterol, elemental content C28H48O: β-sitosterol, element composition C29H50O, α-amirin, element composition C30H50O, ethyl isoalloxolate, elemental composition C26H44O5 and campesterol element composition C28H48O. Thus, it is clear that the composition of the flower and leaves of the same plant species varies significantly between the composition components.
Keywords: Apiaceae, Smyrniopsis, coumarins, gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry
166 ETHNOBOTANY OF THE LOCALLY USED MEDICINAL PLANTS OF AZERBAIJAN
S.R. AHMADZADE1, L.A. NOVRUZOVA2
1 Institute of Botany, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences 2 Nakhchivan State University
1.000 years ago Azerbaijani physician-researchers 724 plant species, 150 animal species, minerals of 115 nominations of cure significance and medicines consisted of mixtures in 800 assortments in their research works Prophylactic has had prevalence in the ancient Azerbaijan before cure activities. Therefore, plants of medical significance added to meals as additives and diseases were stopped. It was specified from the analysis of the investigations that medical history of the people has developed beginning from simple to complex since the ancient times; this mostly started from the habitants of provincial diasporas and was described in the animals and plants’ images and plots of the people written on stones and rocks. Ethno-biological cure ways in Azerbaijan spread among the people that developed on scientific bases; more than 500 plants used in the folk medicine have been found out 30 species of which belong to 14 families are effective plants rich with vitamins. And more than 450 plants are widely used in the folk medicine. Bio-ecological features of each species and spreading areas have been specified as well as current state of their populations studied. Moreover, it was ascertained that 360 species of medicinal plants in the cure of domestic animals were used; in the cure of poultry cortex and leaves of Persica vulgaris, Quercus castanifolia, Punica granatum, Arctostaphylos uvaursi species were used; 16 species of medicinal plants in bee diseases were used (Pinus eldarica, Thymus transcaucasicum, nozematozda Solanium nigrum, Capsicum annum, Tanacetum vulgare, Hypericum perfolatum, Menta piperita; Calendula officinalis were used as anti-parasites.
Keywords: Medicinal plants, ethnobotany, food additives, ancient history
167 THE STUDY OF THE INSECT SPECIES THAT HARM TWIG FARMS IN ABSHERON
S.Sh. GAHRAMANOV, A.Z. ALIZADE, Z.T. MUSTAFAYEVA
Institute of Dendrology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
Twig farms are very important for the preserving and developing biodiversity through continuously providing healthy plants for the Absheron dendroflora. As twig farms are of great economic importance for our republic, it is necessary to study the disease causative agents and insect pests and prepare struggle measures against them. To study the pests in twigs, observations were performed 3 times during the season. Soil samples were taken, infected or damaged plant samples were collected and analyzed. The method of Vorontsov A.I. and Semenkova I.G was used to evaluate phytosanitary status of plants in twig farms. The following insect pests have been identified in soil and plants of the Absheron twig farms: Cupressobium mediterraneum Narz; Carulaspis caruelii Bouch.; Dialeurodes sitri Ashm.; Macrosiphum rosae L.; Aulacaspis roza Bouche.; Hylotoma rosae L.; Tetranychus urticae Koch.; Aclers varieqana Den.; Heliotrips haemorrhoidales Bche.; Aqriolimax aqrestis L; Helix pomatia Lin.; Melolontha pectoralıs Cerm; Colopt. Elateridae.; Selatosomus aeneus.; Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa. The protection of seedlings and twigs in the Absheron twig farms from negative effects of harmful microorganisms includes cultivation, medication of the soil and implementation of complex plant protection measures by performing the agrotechnical work timely and properly.
Keywords: Twig, pest, harm, insect, struggle
168 MARPHOMETRIC VARIATION OF LEAVES IN SOME OAK SPECIES IN AZERBAIJAN AND THEIR STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Z.A. MAMMADOVA, G.N. ALIYEVA
Institute of Dendrology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
A total of 91 tree specimens were collected from 14 populations belonging to 4 Quercus species (Q. castaneifolia C.A. Mey., Q.pedunculiflora C.Koch, Q.iberica Stev, Q. ilex L.) over Azerbaijan for the analyses. To avoid seasonal and positional variations, samples were collected from different branches at approximately the same height and location where leaf growth had stopped, ten leaves were randomly selected from each tree (Bruschı et al., 2003). Collected leaves were analyzed morphometrically (CI-202 LESER AREA METER, USA ), to determine the degree of diversity of the studied characters was used variational analysis (ANOVA) on the basis of RCBD. Variation analysis revealed a significant difference between genotypes studied for leaf area (LA). In the studied oak populations were determined by the highest, weak and average values for all the genotypes respectively, 125.398; 23.967 and 57.616. The variation coefficient (CV) 34.01 indicates the high.difference for LA character in genotypes. There was 5% probably statistically significant difference for LA. Pedunculate oak Goygol 10, Pedunculate oak Ganja 7, Pedunculate oak Ganja 6, Georgian oak İsmayıllı 2, Chestnut-leaved oak Mardakan 6, Pedunculate oak Ganja 9 genotypes were considered as the highest examples for LA during researches, prices of the samples in accordance for the current character 125.398; 95.688; 94.646; 94.02; 93.624 and 91,346 were registered. Correlation analysis was used to test biomorphological line-linking relationships between characters. There is high positive significant correlative dependence between the leaf area, leaf length (r=0.33), leaf width (r=0.68) and a factor (r=0.46). In order Protection and conservation of high value forest genetic resources, the study of within and among population biodiversity is continued at the molecular level.
Keywords: Oaks, morphometric analysis, statistical analysis, ANOVA, correlation analysis
169 STUDY OF POMOLOGICAL TRAITS AND DISTRIBUTION OF CHERRY (PRUNUS AVIUM L.) IN AZERBAIJAN
Kh.I. KARIMOVA
Genetic Resources Institute, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
Cherry (Prunus avium L.) varieties are derived from the common cherry (C. avium L.) species. It is cultivated in more than 40 countries of the world, the main producers of which are European countries. As the breeding process on cherry was mainly based on improving the fruit size, hardness and taste, local traditional varieties that lack the appropriate appearance were driven out of the market. This resulted in a sharp reduction in the genetic diversity of the cherry plant and loss of the alleles of agricultural importance. The cherry varieties are divided into 2 botanical varieties, based on the hardness and color of the fruit. “Gin” has gentle, soft and dark-colored fruits, while “Biqarro” has hard and light-colored fruits. It is very useful in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, urinary tract infections, liver diseases and can be used as a dietary supplement for improving appetite. The main object of the current study was cultivation of the cherry forms and varieties suitable for the soil type and climatic conditions of Azerbaijan and creation of new local varieties. Foreign (Regina, Roman Olive, Ranniy Krim, Samba, Napoleon, Sari Denissema, Frans Iosif, Ziraat, North Vonder, Svet Hard, Krim, Sari Dragon, Okuzureyi) and local varieties (Isfahani, Hasanbal, Ablagh, Gara gilas, Alyanag, Agh gilas, Alij gilas, Shudugh, Dede-baba gilasi, Jir gilas) of cherry were recorded in the Guba, Khachmaz, Shaki, Aghdash and Tartar regions. During the promological analysis performed in the Khachmaz region sizes of the cherry fruit, stalk and pit were measured, total sugar was estimated and the fruit weight was determined. The range for the fruit length in the studied varieties was in the range of 10.1-29.4 mm, fruit width -11.3-29.9 mm, stalk length - 24.3-54.6 mm and weight of fruit - 1.01-9.1 g. The best traits were registered for the varieties Erkan Krasnodar, Roman Olive, Ranniy Krim. Sugar content of the studied varieties varied from 11.9% to 26.9%. The highest sugar content was found in the variety Mesha jir gilasi. The research on studied collection is currently being continued using molecular marker technology.
Keywords: Cherry, variety, fruit, sugar
170 MICROMISETS ISOLATED FROM WATER ECOSYSTEM
G.M. HASANOVA
Institute of Microbiology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
There are a number of environmental problems in the world, and most important of all is the pollution of water basins. The sources of contamination of water basins are different. It is primarily the discharge of industrial and domestic wastes directly, without any purification into the water basins. Due to the contamination of water sources, they become useless for the human consumption. Pollution negatively affects the biodiversity of the water basin. Evaluation of anthropogenic effects, analysis of main pollutants of rivers and search for the ways of the recover of ecological stability of rivers are important tasks. Therefore, the study of ecological status of rivers is important. Considering above mentioned, the study was performed in some rivers (Astarachay, Lankaranchay, Boladichay, Veravulchay, Vilashchay, Bolgarchay) of the Lankaran natural region. The Lankaran natural region ranked first in our republic by the density of river network. This is twice more than the average density of the river network in the republic. During the study about 80 samples were taken and analysis was performed using the modern mycological methods. Micromisets belonging to the Aspergillus and Penicillium genera were found to play the major role in the formation of the river microbiotics. As a result of the study 30 species of micromicets belonging to 2 phyla, 5 classes, 7 orders, 8 families and 10 genera were detected. Water micromisets are widely spread in water ecosystems rich in biodiversity and they play an important role in the destruction of organic compounds of water ecosystem and in a food chain. The main role of water micromisets is the participation in the destruction of plant remains (leaves, plant branches). They also participate in the destruction of insect skeletons, fish scales and other animal remains. The studied micromicets of the Lankaran natural region are widely spread in some water ecosystems. According to the results of the investigations conducted in winter and spring, smaller amounts of micromisets were detected in deep water, in plant and insect remains than on the surface of water. It should be noted that ecological factors also affect the diversity of microorganisms.
Keywords: Water ecosystem, mikromiset, natural region
171 THE GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MYCOBIOTICS OF ABSHERON GRAY-BROWN SOILS
G.F. SHIRINOVA, L.Ch. ASGARLI
Institute of Microbiology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences
Extending the use of natural resources, led to the extreme tension in the ecological situation. Thus, intensive mining, processing and transportation of natural recourses, as well as their use, cause serious environmental degradation. Sometimes this results in the complete destruction of certain areas of flora and fauna. Unfortunately, these are frequently encountered nowadays. Therefore, today one of the actual problems is the recovery of natural ecosystem, the main structural element of which is living organisms. The aim of the presented work was the mycological assessment of gray-brown soils in the Absheron peninsula in terms of improving its biological productivity. The Absheron Peninsula is a critical geological and ecological problematic area, and the elevation of the biological productivity of the soil is one of the issues selected by its relevance. According to the previous studies, all gray-brown soils in the Absheron peninsula were exposed to tecnogenic effects to some extent, which are characterized as negative ones. This negativity is manifested by the rise of background levels of toxic, phytopathogenic, allergenic and opportunistic species of the relatively pure soil mycobiota. In addition, it is also accompanied by a reduction and even complete destruction of the fungi, that are characteristic of pure soils and are in antagonostic relationship with phytopathogens in the general mycobium. For example, species belonging to the Trichoderma genus occur in soils contaminated with oil in moderate to severe degrees. The form of the relationship between higher plants grown in gray-brown soils of the Absheron peninsula and fungi, regulation of the metabolic activity of fungi in terms of the increasing plant productivity were also objects of the study. The initial results of the study shows that, it is possible to improve soil fertility, as well as to increase the biological productivity of plants using perspective species of fungi.
Keywords: Gray-brown soils, fungi, plants, relationships, productivity
172 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MICOBIOTICS OF PLANTS USED IN GARDENING
T.S. ABBASOVA1, N.S. ALIBAYLI2
1Institute of Microbiology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences 2Azerbaijan State Pedagogical University
In recent years, anthropogenic loads have increased in the environment, leading to the increased attention on the tree plants. In addition to providing oxygen to the air, trees also participate in its sanitary-hygienic care. The increase of the anthropogenic effects, the use of trees as feed lead to negative changes such as their drying or loss of the decorative appearance and biological activity. Therefore, species composition of pathogenic fungi participating in the formation of the micobiotics of some trees used in various purposes has been studied. The researches were carried out in Baku and surrounding areas. Plants grown or cultivated in the urban territories are places of residence and feeding of fungi and both macro- and micromicets participate in the formation of plant micobiotics. So far, 83 species of true fungi (Mycota) have been found to be involved in the formation of the micobiotics of sampled trees. 54 species of the recorded fungi belong to Ascomycota, 22 species to Bazidiomycota and 7 to Zygomycota. Based on the ecolo-trophic relationships, 12% of the registered fungi belong to saprotrophs, which means that the organic matter required for their nutrition is obtained from the remains of the trees that completely lost their vitality. These fungi participate also in the formation of plant epiphet micobiotics. Only 18.1% of the remaining fungi are true biotrophic fungi and they obtain organic compounds required for their nutrition from trees maintaining their vitality from the biological aspect. At the same time being phytopathogenes, they cause various diseases (decay, rust, mildew, etc.) in the plants. The remaining 69.9% of the recorded fungi are polytrophic, they obtain organic compounds from trees maintaining their vitality as well as from plants that completely lost their vitality. Some polytrophs are also pathogenic species that cause various diseases. Pathogenic microbiotics of trees consists of biotrophs and a majority of polytrophs. Generally, a majority of polytrophic fungi are pathogenic species with a wide range of opportunities for adaptation.
Keywords: trees, micobiotics, ecolo-trophic relations, epiphet and pathogenic micobiotics
173 EVALUATION OF MYCOBIOTS OF SOME ETHER-OIL PLANTS BY CONTENT NUMBER AND SPECIES IN ABSHERON PENINSULA CONDİTİON
A.Ş. SAFAROVA1, F.V. BAYRAMOVA2, K.F. BAKHSHALIYEVA1
1Institute of Microbiology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences 2Baku State University
The purpose of the study is to elucidate mycobiotis of some ethereal oil plants included in the flora of Azerbaijan by their number and composition of species. Studies were conducted in Absheron peninsula and focused on a number of plant samples, which were taken from a number of plants (Alhagi mourorum Medik, Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Trifolium pratense L., Melilotus albus Desr. etc.) and analyzed in accordingly.The results showed that the fungi spread over the plants studied, differ both by the number and by composition of species. Thus, by the content of number T.pratense (52x102 cfu/ g), performed the highest value and G.glabra (11x102 cfu/ g) the lowest. The same indicator in the other sample plants varies between 1.7-38x102 cfu/ g. Evaluation of the samples taken from the targetplants revealed each plant has mycocompleks with specific characteristics. Thus, in the course of these studies, a total of 54 species of fungi were recorded and 15 species of them (Alternaria cucumerina, Ascochyta alhagi, Aspergillus awamorii, A.fumigatus, A.niger, A.restrictus, A.repens, A.ustus, Botryosporium longibrachiata, Erysiphe alhagi, Fusarium oxysporium, Penicillium cyclopium, Stachybotris chartarum, Uromyces alhagi və Verticillium dahile) for A.mourorum, participate in formation of mycobiotis of A. Mourorum but 24 species T.pratense (Alternaria alternata, Ascochyta imperfecta, Asc.trifolii, Aspergillus fumigatus, A.niger, Botrytis cinerea, Cercospora medicaginis, Colletotrichum trifolii, Erysiphe trifolii, F.moniliforme, F.oxysporium, F.solani, Ph.medicaginis, Phyllosticta trifolii, Pseudopeziza medicaginis, Puccinia trifolii, Ramularia trifolii, Septoria trifolii, Sporonema phacidioides, Trichothecium roseum, Typhula trifolii, Uromyces striatus, U.trifolii, Verticillium dahile) in formation of mycobiots of T.pratense. In the formation of mycobiots of other plants are involved 15-17 species of fungi. Ascochyta Glycyrrhizae Botryosporium longibrachiatum, Phyllosticta Glycyrrhizae, and Ramularia meliloti are among the species, which are new mycobiots for Azerbaijan. It is interesting that though ethereal oil plants have fungicidal and bactericidal effects, they are also characterized as one of the locations of fungi.
Keywords: Ether-oil plants, mycobiota, quantity and species composition, specific unity
174
IUCN STATUS AND CURRENT POPULATION TREND OF AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES INCLUDED TO AZERBAIJAN RED DATA BOOK
S.N. BUNYATOVA, G.H. GASIMOVA, G.A. MUSTAFAEVA
Institute of Zoology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
According field surveys conducted by authors during last 10 years in different districts of Azerbaijan, faunal status and population trends of amphibians and reptiles have been analyzed. According to the last information available in reference books 11 amphibians and 62 reptiles species spread in Azerbaijan territory. Out of these species, 20 included to second edition of Azerbaijan Red Data Book (2013). In following table were given detailed information of current IUCN population status and trend of these 20 species (Table).
Table. IUCN status and current population trends of amphibians and reptiles included to second edition of Azerbaijan Red Data Book (2013)
IUCN status (2008 and Current population No Species Faunal status 2017) trend 1 Lissotriton vulgaris common Least concern (LC) stable 2 Triturus karelinii uncommon Least concern (LC) decreasing 3 Pelobates syriacus uncommon Least concern (LC) decreasing 4 Pelodytes caucasicus abundant Near threatened (NT) decreasing 5 Bufo verrucosissimus uncommon Near threatened (NT) decreasing 6 Bufo eichwaldi uncommon Vulnurable (VU) decreasing 7 Testudo graeca uncommon Vulnurable (VU) unspecified 8 Phrynocephalus horvathi (=P.helioscopus) uncommon Critically Endangered (CR) decreasing 9 Heremites auratus (=Trachylepis common Least concern (LC) stable septemtaeniatus) 10 Trapelus ruderatus common Least concern (LC) stable 11 Ablepharus bivittatus uncommon Least concern (LC) decreasing 12 Ablepharus pannonicus - - - 13 Zamenis persica uncommon Data deficient (DD) unknown 14 Elaphe sauromates uncommon Least concern (LC) unknown 15 Zamenis hohenackeri common Least concern (LC) decreasing 16 Coronella austriaca common Least concern (LC) decreasing 17 Psammophis lineolatus - - - 18 Rhynchocalamus melanocephalus uncommon Least concern (LC) decreasing 19 Montivipera raddei uncommon Near threatened (NT) decreasing 20 Vipera eriwanensis (=Pelias renardi) uncommon Vulnurable (VU) decreasing
As well Phrynocephalus persicus, Darevskia rostombekovi, Natrix megalocephala are listed as Vulnerable, Eremias pleskei as Critically Endangered according to IUCN Red list, but were not included to Azerbaijan Red Data Book.
Keywords: Faunal status, population trend, Azerbaijan Red Data Book
175 MORPHOMETRIC VARIATION OF LEAVES IN SOME OAK SPECIES IN AZERBAIJAN AND THEIR STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
G.N. ALIYEVA
Institute of Dendrology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
A total of 91 tree specimens were collected from 14 populations belonging to 4 Quercus species (Q. castaneifolia C.A. Mey., Q.pedunculiflora C.Koch, Q.iberica Stev, Q. ilex L.) over Azerbaijan for the analyses. To avoid seasonal and positional variations, samples were collected from different branches at approximately the same height and location where leaf growth had stopped, ten leaves were randomly selected from each tree (Bruschı et al., 2003). Collected leaves were analyzed morphometrically (CI-202 LESER AREA METER, USA ), to determine the degree of diversity of the studied characters was used variational analysis (ANOVA) on the basis of RCBD.Variation analysis revealed a significant difference between genotypes studied for leaf area (LA). In the studied oak populations were determined by the highest, weak and average values for all the genotypes respectively, 125.398; 23.967 and 57.616. The variation coefficient (CV) 34.01 indicates the high difference for LA character in genotypes. There was 5% probably statistically significant difference for LA. Pedunculate oak Goygol 10, Pedunculate oak Ganja 7, Pedunculate oak Ganja 6, Georgian oak İsmayıllı 2, Chestnut-leaved oak Mardakan 6, Pedunculate oak Ganja 9 genotypes were considered as the highest examples for LA during researches, prices of the samples in accordance for the current character 125,398; 95,688; 94,646; 94.02; 93,624 and 91,346 were registered. Correlation analysis was used to test biomorphological line-linking relationships between characters. There is high positive significant correlative dependence between the leaf area, leaf length (r = 0.33), leaf width (r=0.68) and a factor (r=0.46).In order protection and conservation of high value forest genetic resources, the study of within and among population biodiversity is continued at the molecular level.
Keywords: Oaks, morphometric analysis, statistical analysis, ANOVA, correlation analysis
176 THE PEST RICANIA SIMULANS (WALKER, 1851) (=RICANIA JAPONICA MELICHAR, 1898) (HEMIPTERA: RICANIIDAE) RECORDED FOR THE MULBERRY PLANT (MORUS SP.) FOR THE FIRST TIME IN AZERBAIJAN
G.A. ISMAYILOVA
Institute of Zoology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
The State Program for the Development of Sericulture in the Republic of Azerbaijan for 2018-2025 has been adopted. To this end, mulberry twigs were imported from the Republic of China and planted in the regions. A new pest fauna is formed due to plants imported from different countries. A regular monitoring was performed in the Northern regions of Azerbaijan, in August 2018, to study the pests of the mulberry plant, which is the main feed base in sericulture. The observations were conducted on mulberry plants in the territories of Gach, Zagatala and Balakan regions, in the mulberry plantations at the Sheki regional center, where China mulberry was planted, in villages of these regions, on the edges of the highways. During the observations, the pest Ricania simulans (Walker, 1851), which had not been recorded until then was detected in the mulberry plants grown in the territory of the Ambarchay village of the Gach region and in the Ititala, Kortala, Ivanovka, Katech villages of the Balakan region. The new species for the Azerbaijan flora - R.simulans-is assumed to be brought from China. Synonym of Ricania simulans (Walker, 1851) is Ricania japonica (Melichar, 1898). It belongs to the Ricaniidae family of the Hemiptera group. The homeland of R. Simulans is Japan and China. It is widely spread in Korea, Taiwan, Russia, Ukraine and Georgia. It has been spread from Georgia to Turkey since 2006 rapidly spreading along the Black Sea coast. In 2010 it was recorded for the first time in Bulgaria, along the Black Sea coast. R.simulans has a polyfag character. It feeds with the sap of young seedlings of almost all agricultural plants causing serious damage. Mature individuals are 8-11 mm in length, and look like butterflies. Despite the fact that this pest was found in the Azerbaijan fauna recently, the detection of the large population of this pest in mulberry, blackberry plants and some vegetable crops shows that R.Simulans can further expand the food spectrum and create a major threat to vegetation in our country, as in neighboring countries. Therefore, studies on the bioecological features of the species, trophic connections and the identification of natural enemies in Azerbaijan are being continued.
Keywords: Mulberry plants, pest, Ricania simulans, polyfag, bioecology
177 ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF GREEN TEA AND GARLIC EXTRACT
A. GASIMOVA, G. ASLANOVA, V. BEDELLI, F. ISRAFILOVA, S. VAHABOVA, R. SHABANOVA, S. IMAMELIYEV, M. VALIYEV
Baku Engineering University; E-mail: [email protected]
Biological Laboratory of Baku Engineering University conducted scientific research to investigate the antimicrobial effects of green tea and garlic extracts. Nutrient agar was used as environment for microbial growth. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) belonging to the Liliaceae family and containing 0.1 - 0.3% of essential oils (allyl). is a widely spread medicinal plant in the territory of our Republic, The essential oil of garlic is a fragmented product allyl glucose. This oil can be broken down in the air in presence of oxygen and alliinase enzyme. Alliin dissolves in water and does not give a garlic scent. Alliinase is unsolvable in water and gives a garlic smell. An interesting feature of the garlic extract is that it prevents the development of harmful microorganisms in the intestinal flora, otherwise stimulates the development of beneficial microorganisms. The main purpose of the study is to increase the microorganisms in the open environment and the identification of growing microorganisms in the laboratory environment. In order to study antimicrobial effects of garlic, the garlic beans, which were fully prepared for the purpose of the garlic extract, were staggered with sterile instruments in laboratory conditions and 96% alcohol solution was added. 2 ml of prepared solution have been added to nutrient agar. We kept Petri dishes in the open air in the laboratory for 15 minutes to allow airborne microorganisms to enter the nutritious environment. The bactericide effect of the green tea (Tea sinensis L.) extract is known from ancient times. Tea extracts externally can be used in the treatment of eye diseases especially in folk medicine. In order to prepare the green tea extract in laboratory conditions, 10 grams of dried tea was prepared in 200 ml of boiling water and 2 ml of this solution have been added to nutrient agar in Petri dishes. Monitoring results of development of microorganisms in green tea and garlic extract have been obtained.
Keywords: Garlic, alliinase enzyme, green tea, bactericide effect
178 EVALUATION OF DROUGHT STRESS TOLERANCE INDICES IN TRITICUM DURUM GENOTYPES
N.Z. ASADOVA
Baku State University; E-mail: [email protected]
Plants are constantly exposed to different environmental factors, among which water deficit and high salinity are the major constraints limiting crop yield worldwide. It is projected that by the year 2025, about 1.8 billion people will suffer from absolute water shortage and 65% of the world’s population will live under water-stressed environments. Breeding for drought tolerance using novel genetic resources is the most rational strategy to deal with the changing climatic conditions. However, due to the complex polygenic nature of drought tolerance influenced by different environmental elements, progress in breeding drought tolerant cultivars is not satisfactory. In order to study the response of Triticum durum genotypes to drought stress, the research was including two different experiments. In each experiment, 50 durum wheat genotypes obtained from Gene Pool of Genetic Resources Institute (Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences) were sown in a randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with two replications. One of the experiments was conducted in rain-fed conditions (Gobustan) and the other experiment was under non-stress conditions (Absheron). Six drought tolerance indices including stress tolerance index (STI), stress susceptibility index (SSI), tolerance index (TOL), geometric mean production (GMP), mean productivity (MP) and harmonic mean (HM) were calculated based on grain yield under drought (Ys) and irrigated conditions (Yp).Yield in stress (Ys) and non-stress (Yp) conditions were significantly and positively correlated with STI, GMP, MP, TOL, HM and negatively correlated with SSI. The results show that these indices can be used as the most suitable indicators for screening drought tolerant cultivars. Cluster analysis based on the calculated indices classified the cultivars into three groups i.e., resistant, susceptible and tolerant to drought conditions. The studied genotypes were also evaluated for other growth and reproductive parameters like plant height, grains per spike, spike length, number of spikelet’s, one thousand kernel weight, etc. The results of the study demonstrate that the relative yield performance of genotypes in drought-stressed and non- stressed environments can be used as an indicator to identify drought-tolerant varieties in breeding for drought-prone environments.
Keywords: Durum wheat, drought stress tolerance indices, cluster analysis
179 WATER-PHYSICAL CHARACTERS OF IRRIGATIVE GREY-BROWN SOILS UNDER VEGETABLE
G. I. MAMMADOVA
Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
The soils in the Absheron peninsula are grey-brown, irrigative, and relatively sandy and light loamy. Their fertility is less and that’s why the productivity is also little. From this point of view the comparative study of a joint influence of the unlike irrigation regimes, organic and mineral fertilizers with different comparison of water-physical characters, fertility and productivity and ecologically grounding assume a great importance. The tomato plant roots can spread around in 150-225 cm diameter into 140-160 cm depth depending on agro-technics, irrigation, soil ecological condition. Its trunk is tender, succulent, un-wooden it gradually coarsens while developing. The tomato fruit is berry, its weight varies by 10-850 gram. A weight of 100 seeds is 3-5 gram. Depending on sort features, 1kg seed can be obtained from 250-400 kg fruit. The soil moisture can be increased by applying organic and mineral fertilizers under the tomato in the grey-brown soils eroded to an average degree. The plants develop well under the versions with fertilizers and causes productivity increase. A principal aim of the research is to prepare the recommendations for getting programmed product from the tomato plant by regulation of the water and food regime in soil, study of the joint effect of the organic and mineral fertilizers in irrigation regime on vegetable productivity as an example of the tomato plant in irrigative grey-brown soils of Absheron. The bulky weight, special weight, hygroscopic moisture, whole field water capacity, water-penetrating ability of the soil was fixed according to the method accepted for an investigation of water-physical features of the experimental area soils. The research consequence indicate that the soils of the experimental area are light and average loamy for a mechanical content, it is partly with a bulky weight 1.42-1.46 t/m3 at 0-60 cm stratum, special weight 2.64-2.66 t/m3 hygroscopic moisture 2.04- 2.32%. Reduction of TTST values towards low layers can be explained by increase of the special weight of the sandy fractions on the same stratums. The consequences of experiments performed for study of whole field water capacity in soil indicate that a value of soil inclined to reduction while going into the soil layer depth.
Keywords: Water-physical characters of soil, grey-brown soils, water-penetration ability, irrigation regime, tomato
180 THE RATIO OF TROPHIC GROUPS OF FREE-LIVING CILIATES
I.F. MANSIMOVA
Baku State University; E-mail: [email protected]
We noted only 42 free-living ciliates species on feeding type. Of these, 15 and 14 species were registered as typical algo- and bacterio-detritophages and 11 species of predators, only 3 species histophages and 7 species that representatives non-selectively - E. gelei, Paramecium omnivorous group, some species of which are also members of other trophic groups, e.g. such as caudatum and P. putrinum (also bacterio-detritophages). The composition and the ratio of trophic groups reflect the response of the community of free-living ciliates on the degree of organic pollution of Agzybir Lake, as indicated by the presence of a sufficiently large number of representatives of bacterio- detritophages groups, i.e. detritus food chain becomes one of the main. This is also indicated by the small number of non-selective omnivorous species, partly nourished with different groups of algae except blue-green. Among the predators, the usual representatives of the Didinium and Bursellopsis dominate, developing well in shallow water among aquatic vegetation, and a few large predators and Paradileptus elephantinum and Pelagodileptus trachelioides were observed in open pelagic. Extremely weak development of ciliates - histophages should be noted, too. Usually it happens due to the presence in water of small concentrations of toxicants, for which the simple one reacts with restructuring of species and trophic structure, and in some cases with a sharp decline in the number of this group of ciliates or complete removal from a community. On the other hand weak development of histophages canobe linked to poverty of crustacean zooplankton, the dying remnants of which form the basis of the diet of ciliates species Coleps. It should be noted that the range of food items in the diet of one and the same species preferred by free living ciliates may be quite varied depending on the environmental conditions. We have seen cases of feeding with diatom alga even of such well-known bacteriophage as Paramecium caudatum. Such cases have been noted on the collection points with more clean water, with betamezosa trial conditions, i.e. with a limited number of microorganisms. Such substitution in the food spectrum of Paramecium referred to as the forced transition to algophages and as well as to more clean water of the reservoir area.
Keywords: Trophic groups, coleps, histophages
181 THE INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS NORMS OF AMMONIUM NITRATE FERTILIZER ON SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS, GRAIN YIELD OF DURUM WHEAT GENOTYPE "KRASNODAR 99"
L.E. NOVRUZOV
Research Institute of Crop Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan; E-mail: [email protected]
Wheat (Triticum L.) is one of the main cereal crops grown in Azerbaijan. Nitrogen fertilizer is one of the most important factors affecting the acquired yield and its quality. We aimed to study the influence of different norms of nitrogen fertilizer (NH4NO3) on some physiological traits, grain yield and yield components of durum wheat genotype "Krasnodar 99". This durum wheat variety is grown by farmers in north regions of our republic. Field experiments were set up in a sowing area in Sheki district, village Oraban. The experiment was performed in five variants (No- control, without fertilizer, N33-,N90, N120, N150- 33, 90, 120 and 150 kg of active solid matter per hectare, respectively), each plot with 50m2 area, had three replications. Sowing was carried out in the second decade of October, in the recommended seed norm 220kg/ha. During sowing simple superphosphate and potassium sulphate were used in the norm P60K60. With the exception of the usual dose of fertilizer (N33 was applied once at the early tillering), the remaining norms of fertilizer were distributed according to developmental stages: 45% at the tillering, 40% at the stem elongation, 15% at the heading. Stay green phenotype of leaves of different variants was estimated by using SPAD 502 Plus. Results were as following: N0-30.4, N33-36.7, N90-40.3, N120-41.8, N150-44.8 SPAD units. Leaf Chl a, b and Car (x + c) contents were determined in 96% ethanol. The highest pigments content was detected in N150, while the lowest in N33. Before harvest, 10 spikes were chosen from each plot and the indicators of the yield components (spike length, width and mass, number of spikelets per spike, number and mass of grains per spike) were determined. The studied parameters increased as the fertilizer norm increased, but this difference almost did not exist in the N120, N150 norms. Grain yield was lower in the No variant (28- 30 centner/ha) where fertilizer was not applied, higher in N120 and N150 variants. Results of the research indicated that physiological parameters, grain yield and yield components were higher and almost the same in the fertilizer norms N120 and N150 and there is no need of increasing fertilizer norm from N120 to N150.
Keywords: Wheat, fertilizer norm, chlorophyll, grain yield, yield components
182 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR 1 GENE
P.A. ISGANDAROVA
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences
IGF-1 is a hormone similar in molecular structure to insulin. It plays an important role in childhood growth and continues to have anabolic effects in adults. IGF-I is a single-chain 70 amino acid peptide with a highly conserved amino acid sequence and a complicated and conserved gene structure. In mammals, the single-copy IGF-I gene, located on chromosome 12 in humans, consists of six exons and five introns and spans more than 80 kb of chromosomal DNA. IGF-I gene expression is governed by several biochemical mechanisms that lead to the production of multiple IGF-I mRNAs through the combination of distinct promoter use, variable transcription start sites, alternative RNA splicing, and differential RNA polyadenylation. In mammals, individual promoters reside 5′ to IGF-I exons 1 and 2. P1, the major promoter in mammals, is active in all tissues in which IGF-I is expressed. P1 regulates IGF-I transcripts containing exon 1, and nucleotide sequences of rat and human exon 1 also are very similar to each other (95% identity), as is exon 1 of other species. Exon 1 contains the 5′ nontranslated region of IGF-I mRNA and the first 21 codons of the IGF-I signal peptide. P2 governs transcripts containing exon 2 and is active primarily in the liver, where it is responsible for ~25% of IGF-I mRNAs under normal physiological conditions. Exon 2 also encodes a 5′ nontranslated region and the initial six codons for an alternative signal peptide. In mammals IGF-I transcripts containing either exons 1 or 2 are spliced onto exon 3. Exon 3 encodes the distal common 27 amino acids of the signal peptide and the first 25 amino acids of mature IGF-I. The remainder of 70 residue IGF-I is located in exon 4, which also contains the common part of two distinct carboxylic acid (COOH)-terminal peptide extensions that are found in IGF-I precursor proteins (E domains ). Insulin-like growth factor 1 regulate many processes in living organisms. IGF-I increases during puberty, reduce by getting older. Some researches demonstrate association polymorphism of IGF-I gene with IGF-1 hormone. The level of IGF-1 cognitive functions are associated with deficiency of growth hormone. Polymorphisms of IGF-1 association with breast cancer, colon cancer, time of menopause at woman were investigated. It is the main aim to research determination polymorphism of IGF-I with molecular genetics methods in healthy old people at Azerbaijan population.
Keywords: Insulin-like growth factor-I, IGF-I; Gene transcription; alternative mRNA splicing
183 THE EFFECT OF HEAVY METAL ON THE BODY OF FISH
A.A. MURADOVA, Kh.M. SAFIKHANOVA
Acad. A.Garayev Institute of Physiology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
The aim of this study was evaluation of histopathological alterations in liver of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) under exposure to lead acetate (II). The concentrations of 50, 100, 400 and 800 mg/l were used. The duration of exposure was one month for 50 mg/l and 10 days for others. At the end of experiments fish was sacrificed and liver samples were excised. The tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined under light microscope NU2 (Carl Zeiss, Jena) and microphotographs were produced by digital camera Canon G-9. The significant histopathological alterations after 10-day exposure to lead acetate were observed under light microscopy. Hypertrophy of liver cells was identified. Their cytoplasm was less intensively colored and heavily granulated (granular dystrophy). Next type of histological alterations was the presence of hepatocytes whose cytoplasm had “optical emptiness” (hydropic dystrophy). Hepatocytes observed were hypertrophic and had clear cytoplasm with sharply delineated membrane and polymorphic nuclei of pale staining. Light microscopy of tissue section also revealed increased number of melanomacrophage aggregation in fishes treated with lead acetate in comparison to controls that actually indicates its toxicity effect. After exposure with lead acetate at a concentration of 800 mg/l the stagnation processes with blood cell aggregation inside blood vessels were observed in liver tissue. On the other hand, after long-term (1 month) exposure of fish to lead acetate at a concentration of 50 mg/l the liver tissue, besides aforementioned histopathological alterations, had additional changes that were evidences of time-dependent exaggeration of pathological processes. For instance, in tissue sections there were cells with fatty degeneration. At the same time, sites of anuclear cells formation were observed in multiple fields of view. The certain hepatocytes had karyopyknosis, karyorrhexis and karyolysis that are considered as strong evidence for necrosis. The shapes of membranes these cells were not sharply demarcated. Microscopic investigation of liver tissue sections revealed deterioration of the liver architectonics with fibrosis of intra-hepatic vasculature. So, the present study demonstrates considerable negative effect of lead acetate (II) on the carp organism in time-dependent manner and proves its metabolism disturbing toxicity that may have lethal character.
Keywords: Liver, carp, hepatocytes, histopathological alterations
184 INSERTION/DELETION POLYMORPHISM IN THE ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME GENE
G.R. ALIBEYOVA
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; E-mail: [email protected]
The renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) plays a significant role in the homeostatic control of arterial pressure, tissue perfusion, and extracellular volume. RAAS is a major system regulating fluid-electrolyte balance and systemic blood pressure. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is a key enzyme in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, converting angiotensin I to the vasoactive peptide angiotensin II. There is genetic polymorphism in the ACE gene (ACE I/D polymorphism) which is strongly associated to the levels of ACE in plasma, but has also been connected with higher risk for cardiovascular diseases. ACE is acting on several substrates such as ANG I and bradykinin. One of these, N-acetyl-Ser-Asp-Lys-Pro (Ac-SDKP), is a hematopoietic factor that is a natural substrate for the NH2-terminal domain of ACE. The breakdown of Ac-SDKP can be blocked by ACE inhibitor treatment resulting in an increase of its plasma levels, and it has been suggested that measurement of Ac-SDKP could be a marker for the clinical efficiency of ACE inhibition. Somatic ACE is induced in different tissues and cell types including the cardiovascular system, kidneys, intestine, adrenal gland, liver, uterus etc., whereas testicular ACE only can be found in sperm cells. Both isoforms have a hydrophobic trans-membrane domain and a short cytoplasmic fragment. The ACE gene is codified in chromosome 17 (17q23 region) and contains a polymorphism based on the presence (insertion) or absence (deletion) on intron 16 of a 287 bp fragment. This gene encodes both ACE isoforms, but has two different promoters resulting in different mRNAs ACE gene is located on human chromosome 17 expressing three genotypes within the intron 16 of the related gene structure. These genotypes are classified as I and D alleles which are termed as insertion and deletion, respectively. The D allele has been associated with an increased risk of developing several pathological processes, such as coronary heart disease and ventricular hypertrophy. The D/D genotype has been associated with a number of different cardiovascular complications, including coronary artery spasm, coronary artery disease83, coronary artery calcification, heart failure, hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy and stent restenosis. Several cardiac conditions appear to have a worse prognosis in subjects homozygous for the D allele, whereas the I allele has been associated with enhanced endurance performance in sportsmen.
Keywords: Renin angiotensin aldosterone system, angiotensin-converting enzyme, ACE gene, insertion/deletion, hypertensin
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