DOCSLIB.ORG

Download This Publication

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Download This Publication ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE Geneva WATER SERIES No. 4 TRANSBOUNDARY WATER COOPERATION TRENDS IN THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATES UNITED NATIONS New York and Geneva, 2006 NOTE The designations used and material presented in this publication do not constitute an expression by the United Nations Secretariat of any opinion concerning the legal status of any country, territory, town or region, or concerning their authorities or the delimitation of their frontiers. ECE/MP.WAT/16 UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION Sales No. E.06.II.E.8 ISBN 978-92-1-116942-3 ISSN 1020-0886 iii FOREWORD Cooperation on transboundary waters is a cornerstone of UNECE environmental activities. This is manifested in the 1992 Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes (UNECE Water Convention) and its Protocols on Water and Health (1999) and Civil Liability (2003). With the emergence of new countries in the 1990s, new frontiers cut through Europe. As a result, the Danube river basin, Europe’s largest, is now shared by 18 countries. The rivers Daugava-Zapadnaya Dvina, Dnieper, Kura, Syr Darya and Amu Darya as well as Lake Peipsi-Chudskoye Ozero also became transboundary waters after the break-up of the Soviet Union. The process of change in Europe poses new and compelling challenges to regional cooperation in general and to cooperation on environment and security in particular. The newly independent States 1 require special attention. Managing their transboundary waters, including allocating water among users in sovereign States, now requires in many cases a new and jointly negotiated legal and regulatory framework. The present publication is the outcome of the UNECE Water Convention’s project on “Transboundary water cooperation in the newly independent States”, which aimed to establish bilateral and multilateral cooperation and secure the adoption of measures for strengthening it. Cooperation and dialogue on problems of shared water resources to prevent conflicts and contribute to confidence building are part both of the Environmental Strategy for Countries of Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia and of the corresponding component of the EU Water Initiative. UNECE and in particular its secretariat for the Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes will continue to play a leading role in programmes and initiatives aimed at achieving the sustainable management of water resources in the region. Marek Belka Executive Secretary Economic Commission for Europe 1 The 12 countries referred to in this publication as the “newly independent States (NIS)” are: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Republic of Moldova, Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. All these countries are also members of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). iv INTRODUCTION Part I of the publication examines existing transboundary cooperation, including bilateral and multilateral agreements. It highlights the problems facing NIS countries and provides examples of new developments and trends of cooperation on transboundary waters. It draws conclusions and recommends action to improve the implementation of existing agreements and draw up new agreements in line with the basic principles of the UNECE Water Convention. These actions include: drafting and implementing legislation; setting up and strengthening national organizations and joint bodies as well as a system of consultation and mutual assistance; monitoring and assessment; access to information and public participation; and planning for river basin management. Part I also proposes measures regarding demonstration projects, programme development and financing by donors. Implementation measures and follow-up activities are also examined. Part II of the publication sets out best practice, trends and bottlenecks in transboundary water cooperation for all 12 newly independent States as well as large transboundary river basins, such as the Aral Sea, Seversky Donets and Dniester basins. The practice of international organizations adds value to the experience of all these countries and will help them in their future work. The partners that helped to implement and fund the project were: the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE); the United Nations Environment Programme’s Regional Office for Europe (UNEP/ROE); the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation; the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency; and the Agency for Environmental Assessments (Ecoterra), a Russian non-governmental organization. As the first stage of this project a workshop was convened to address bilateral and multilateral cooperation on transboundary waters in the NIS region (Moscow, 31 March - 1 April 2003). It brought together representatives of UNECE countries, among them 11 NIS, as well as representatives of NGOs and international organisations. The material prepared by the experts participating in the workshop played an extremely important role. The work done by Mr. Nikolay Grishin (Ecoterra) to bring together and edit the material was very valuable. The priorities identified in this publication for future joint activities are now being further developed and implemented by UNECE and other partners in the region. One of these activities is the project on “Capacity for water cooperation” (CWC project). In accordance with the Convention it will facilitate the exchange of experience between joint bodies, such as river basins organizations, and countries of the NIS region and elsewhere. The project has a dual aim. On the basis of the outcome of the Moscow workshop it is necessary, firstly, to create a framework for exchange of experience among representatives of the NIS and, secondly, to facilitate at the same time the transfer of experience from successful institutions within and outside the region. This long-term capacity-building project will be developed around a series of workshops for NIS decision-makers and experts between 2004 and 2007. The CWC project has links to other European programmes and initiatives on the sustainable management of water resources. v CONTENTS FOREWORD INTRODUCTION PART I TRANSBOUNDARY WATER COOPERATION IN THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATES N. Grishin, F. Bernardini, R. Enderlein and B. Libert 1. Introduction…………………………………………………………………………… 3 2. Transboundary waters in the NIS region……………………………………………… 3 3. Regional and global conventions…................................................................................ 3 4. Transboundary water agreements before and after the break-up of the Soviet Union… 5 5. Trends and bottlenecks………………………………………………………………… 6 6. Recommendations for further development of cooperation on transboundary waters… 7 7. Mechanisms for implementation and follow-up………………………………………. 11 Annex 1. Transboundary water basins and relevant agreements in the NIS…………… 13 Annex 2. Map of transboundary rivers and lakes in the NIS…………………………… 17 Annex 3. Bilateral and multilateral agreements in the NIS on transboundary waters….. 18 Annex 4. Examples of environmental agreements in the NIS…………………………... 30 Annex 5. Examples of draft agreements proposed or under negotiation in the NIS……. 32 Annex 6. Participation of NIS in UNECE multilateral environmental agreements…….. 33 PART II PROSPECTS FOR WATER COOPERATION IN THE NIS REGION Status of transboundary waters and implementation of international agreements in the Republic of Azerbaijan…………………………………………………………….................... 35 M. Adigezalova Water resources of the Republic of Azerbaijan and their use…………………………………. 37 N. Kazibekov Armenia’s cooperation with a number of countries on transboundary water resources………. 41 O. Kirakosyan Transboundary aspects of resource formation and surface water quality in the Republic of Belarus……………………………………………………………………………………… 43 A. Rachevsky Brief review of the status of Georgia’s cooperation with a number of countries on environmental protection and the protection of transboundary waters in particular……….. 48 I. Mtskhvemadze vi Cooperation of the Republic of Kazakhstan with adjoining States on transboundary water issues………………………………………………………………………………… 51 N. Kipshakbaev Kyrgyzstan - outline of water policy in the light of internal problems……………………. 59 K. Valentini Management and prevention of pollution of the water resources of the Republic of Moldova - problems and solutions…………………………………………… 62 T. Guvir Status of international cooperation on the protection and use of transboundary waters in the Russian Federation…………………………………………… 66 E. Zybin Problems of the protection and use of Russia’s transboundary watercourses having regulated water regimes…………………………………………………………........ 69 V. Debolsky Partnership - the basis of the joint management of the water resources of the Aral Sea basin……………………………………………………………………………….. 72 A. Kholmatov The water resources of Turkmenistan and their transboundary aspects…………………….. 77 M. Nepesov Assessment of the transboundary aspects of the water resources of the Republic of Uzbekistan……………………………………………………………………… 81 L. Frank and P. Abdurakhmanov Cooperation on the transboundary waters of Ukraine………………………………………... 84 N. Nagula Experience of transboundary cooperation in the Seversky Donets basin……………………. 87 V. Antonenko Experience of the programme of cooperation on transboundary waters of the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency…………………………………………………………… 93 N. Munthe and S. Lundberg Regulation by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe of Environmental
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Historical Outline of Water Resources Development in the Lower Jordan River Basin1
    Historical Outline of Water Resources Development in the 1 Lower Jordan River Basin REBHIEH SULEIMAN Department of Land and Water Resources Engineering, KTH (Royal Institute of Technology), SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.Email:[email protected] ABSTRACT The Jordan River is a multinational river flowing southwards through Lebanon, Syria, Israel, Jordan and Palestine. It is totally developed except for the flow of its largest tributary, the Yarmouk River2 which forms the boundary between Syria and Jordan before joining the Jordan River, downstream of Lake Tiberias, and forms the border between Israel, Palestine and Jordan. In this paper, the historical development of the Jordan River basin in Jordan, the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (HKJ), is addressed, highlighting the most significant factors that have played a role in the process to date. Water for irrigation was and still constitutes the largest share of water use. Thus the focus of this paper is mainly on the exploitation of the water resources of the Jordan River basin in Jordan for irrigation purposes. The scope to cover other uses would be complementary. Artifacts and historical evidences indicate human presence in the basin 400,000 years ago, while cultivation was mastered about 10,000 years ago. Literature also indicates fluctuating periods of prospers, stagnation, and declining going though the period from Paleolithic, Neolithic, Chalcolithic, Bronze Age, Iron Age, Roman-Nabataeans, Umayyad, Mamluk and Ottoman. However, the developmental momentum of the Jordan River in Jordan has taken place during the last forty years, when large-scale water development projects were initiated and implemented to harness water resources for irrigation.
    [Show full text]
  • Spatial Analysis for Spring Bloom and Nutrient Limitation in Xiangxi Bay of Three Gorges Reservoir
    Environ Monit Assess (2007) 127:135–145 DOI 10.1007/s10661-006-9267-9 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Spatial analysis for spring bloom and nutrient limitation in Xiangxi bay of three Gorges Reservoir L. Ye · X.Q. Han · Y.Y. Xu · Q.H. Cai Received: 14 December 2005 / Accepted: 18 April 2006 / Published online: 21 October 2006 C Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2006 Abstract The spatial and temporal dynamics of phys- of spring bloom. By comparing the interpolated maps ical variables, inorganic nutrients and phytoplankton of chlorophyll a and inorganic variables, obvious con- chlorophyll a were investigated in Xiangxi Bay from sumptions of Si and DIN were found when the bloom 23 Feb. to 28 Apr. every six days, including one daily status was serious. However, no obvious depletion of sampling site and one bidaily sampling site. The con- PO4P was found. Spatial regression analysis could ex- centrations of nutrient variables showed ranges of 0.02– plained most variation of Chl-a except at the begin of 3.20 mg/L for dissolved silicate (Si); 0.06–2.40 mg/L the first and second bloom. The result indicated that Si for DIN (NH4N + NO2N + NO3N); 0.03–0.56 mg/L was the factor limiting Chl-a in space before achieved for PO4P and 0.22–193.37 μg/L for chlorophyll a, the max area of hypertrophic in the first and second respectively. The concentration of chlorophyll a and bloom period. When Si was obviously exhausted, DIN inorganic nutrients were interpolated using GIS tech- became the factor limiting the Chl-a in space.
    [Show full text]
  • Selected Works of Chokan Valikhanov Selected Works of Chokan Valikhanov
    SELECTED WORKS OF CHOKAN VALIKHANOV CHOKAN OF WORKS SELECTED SELECTED WORKS OF CHOKAN VALIKHANOV Pioneering Ethnographer and Historian of the Great Steppe When Chokan Valikhanov died of tuberculosis in 1865, aged only 29, the Russian academician Nikolai Veselovsky described his short life as ‘a meteor flashing across the field of oriental studies’. Set against his remarkable output of official reports, articles and research into the history, culture and ethnology of Central Asia, and more important, his Kazakh people, it remains an entirely appropriate accolade. Born in 1835 into a wealthy and powerful Kazakh clan, he was one of the first ‘people of the steppe’ to receive a Russian education and military training. Soon after graduating from Siberian Cadet Corps at Omsk, he was taking part in reconnaissance missions deep into regions of Central Asia that had seldom been visited by outsiders. His famous mission to Kashgar in Chinese Turkestan, which began in June 1858 and lasted for more than a year, saw him in disguise as a Tashkent mer- chant, risking his life to gather vital information not just on current events, but also on the ethnic make-up, geography, flora and fauna of this unknown region. Journeys to Kuldzha, to Issyk-Kol and to other remote and unmapped places quickly established his reputation, even though he al- ways remained inorodets – an outsider to the Russian establishment. Nonetheless, he was elected to membership of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society and spent time in St Petersburg, where he was given a private audience by the Tsar. Wherever he went he made his mark, striking up strong and lasting friendships with the likes of the great Russian explorer and geographer Pyotr Petrovich Semyonov-Tian-Shansky and the writer Fyodor Dostoyevsky.
    [Show full text]
  • Status of Russian Ethnic Minority in Independent Tajikistan
    Status of Russian Ethnic Minority in Independent Tajikistan DISSERTATION Submitted to the University of Kashmir in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Philosophy (M. Phil) In History By Farooq Ahmad Rather Under the Supervision of Prof. Aijaz A. Bandey CENTRE OF CENTRAL ASIAN STUDIES University of Kashmir, Srinagar- 190006 JAMMU AND KASHMIR, INDIA September, 2012 Centre of Central Asian Studies University of Kashmir, Srinagar “A” Grade NAAC Accredited CERTIFICATE Certified that the thesis entitled “Status of Russian Ethnic Minority in Independent Tajikistan” submitted by Farooq Ahmad Rather for the Degree of M. Phil in the discipline of History is an original piece of research work. This work has not been submitted fully or partially so far anywhere for the award of any degree. The scholar worked under my supervision on whole time basis for the period required under statues and has put in the required attendance in the Centre. Prof. Aijaz A. Bandey (Supervisor) Countersigned (Prof. G. R. Jan) Director Declaration I solemnly declare that the Dissertation entitled “Status of Russian Ethnic Minority in Independent Tajikistan” submitted by me in the discipline of History under the supervision of Prof. Aijaz A. Bandey embodies my own contribution. This work, which does not contain piracy, has not been submitted, so far, anywhere for the award of any degree. Dated Signature 5 October 2012 Farooq Ahmad Rather CCAS University of Kashmir, Srinagar CONTENTS Page No. Preface i Chapter-I Introduction 1
    [Show full text]
  • Assessing Opportunities and Threats in Kazakhstan's Wild Liquorice Root Trade
    April 2021 SWEET DREAMS ASSESSING OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS IN KAZAKHSTAN’S WILD LIQUORICE ROOT TRADE Nadejda Gemedzhieva, Artyom Khrokov, Elise Heral, Anastasiya Timoshyna JOINT REPORT ABOUT US TRAFFIC is a leading non-governmental organisation working globally on trade in wild animals and plants in the context of both biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. Reproduction of material appearing in this report requires written permission from the publisher. The designations of geographical entities in this publication, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS whatsoever on the part of TRAFFIC or its supporting This report was completed under a project implemented between organisations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, 2019-2022 by TRAFFIC and the Association for the Conservation of or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or Biodiversity of Kazakhstan (ACBK), under the support of the Keidanren boundaries. Nature Conservation Fund (KNCF). Complementary funds were also gratefully received from Aktionsgemeinschaft Artenschutz (AGA) e.V. Lead author The project aims to reduce unsustainable commercial harvest, which Nadejda Gemedzhieva poses a threat to biodiversity conservation, and to scale up successful sustainable wild liquorice root production from which local people and Published by: nature benefit. We extend our thanks to KNCF for their support. TRAFFIC International, Cambridge, United Kingdom. During the course of this study, many individuals contributed their time, SUGGESTED CITATION expertise, original research and professional advice and the authors Gemedzhieva, N., Khrokov, A., Heral. E., Timoshyna, would like to thank the staff of the following institutions: Forestry A.
    [Show full text]
  • Central Asia the Caucasus
    CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS English Edition VolumeISSN 1404-609121 Issue 4 ( Print2020) ISSN 2002-3839 (Online) CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS English Edition Journal of Social and Political Studies Volume 21 Issue 4 2020 CA&C Press AB SWEDEN 1 Volume 21 Issue 4 2020 CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS English Edition FOUNDED AND PUBLISHED BY INSTITUTE FOR CENTRAL ASIAN AND CAUCASIAN STUDIES Registration number: 620720-0459 State Administration for Patents and Registration of Sweden CA&C PRESS AB Publishing House Registration number: 556699-5964 Companies registration Office of Sweden Journal registration number: 23 614 State Administration for Patents and Registration of Sweden E d i t o r s Murad ESENOV Editor-in-Chief Tel./fax: (46) 70 232 16 55; E-mail: [email protected] Kalamkas represents the journal in Kazakhstan (Nur-Sultan) YESSIMOVA Tel./fax: (7 - 701) 7408600; E-mail: [email protected] Ainura represents the journal in Kyrgyzstan (Bishkek) ELEBAEVA Tel./fax: (996 - 312) 61 30 36; E-mail: [email protected] Saodat OLIMOVA represents the journal in Tajikistan (Dushanbe) Tel.: (992 372) 21 89 95; E-mail: [email protected] Farkhad represents the journal in Uzbekistan (Tashkent) TOLIPOV Tel.: (9987 - 1) 225 43 22; E-mail: [email protected] Kenan represents the journal in Azerbaijan (Baku) ALLAHVERDIEV Tel.: (+994 - 50) 325 10 50; E-mail: [email protected] David represents the journal in Armenia (Erevan) PETROSYAN Tel.: (374 - 10) 56 88 10; E-mail: [email protected] Vakhtang represents the journal in Georgia (Tbilisi)
    [Show full text]
  • Ecosystem Service Assessment of the Ili Delta, Kazakhstan Niels Thevs
    Ecosystem service assessment of the Ili Delta, Kazakhstan Niels Thevs, Volker Beckmann, Sabir Nurtazin, Ruslan Salmuzauli, Azim Baibaysov, Altyn Akimalieva, Elisabeth A. A. Baranoeski, Thea L. Schäpe, Helena Röttgers, Nikita Tychkov 1. Territorial and geographical location Ili Delta, Kazakhstan Almatinskaya Oblast (province), Bakanas Rayon (county) The Ili Delta is part of the Ramsar Site Ile River Delta and South Lake Balkhash Ramsar Site 2. Natural and geographic data Basic geographical data: location between 45° N and 46° N as well as 74° E and 75.5° E. Fig. 1: Map of the Ili-Balkhash Basin (Imentai et al., 2015). Natural areas: The Ramsar Site Ile River Delta and South Lake Balkhash Ramsar Site comprises wetlands and meadow vegetation (the modern delta), ancient river terraces that now harbour Saxaul and Tamarx shrub vegetation, and the southern coast line of the western part of Lake Balkhash. Most ecosystem services can be attributed to the wetlands and meadow vegetation. Therefore, this study focusses on the modern delta with its wetlands and meadows. During this study, a land cover map was created through classification of Rapid Eye Satellite images from the year 2014. The land cover classes relevant for this study were: water bodies in the delta, dense reed (total vegetation more than 70%), and open reed and shrub vegetation (vegetation cover of reed 20- 70% and vegetation cover of shrubs and trees more than 70%). The land cover class dense reed was further split into submerged dense reed and non-submerged dense reed by applying a threshold to the short wave infrared channel of a Landsat satellite image from 4 April 2015.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmente I Assessment Report Lvolume 1 Part I:Donetsk Oblast Public Disclosure Authorized
    I~~~~~~~~~~soito I I ndustrIial" S^>~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~at :*~~~~~~~~~~Mngmn !~~~~~~~~~~~~Cnr .. y W~~~~E23 Public Disclosure Authorized WUranI) ratutr Projete 3 2~ ~ ~~~~~~E Public Disclosure Authorized Environmente I Assessment Report lVolume 1 Part i:Donetsk Oblast Public Disclosure Authorized I Fl~~~~FNAL Public Disclosure Authorized l November 2005 NOTE TO FILE: in The following Environmental A sessment Report is one of several that was prepared in support of the Urban Infrastruc re Project for Ukraine which was under preparation 2005-2006. This is a category project for rehabilitation of various utilities, including under water supply, waste water treat ent, and solid waste. The EAs cover investments variations Component B for Rehabilitatio Investments under the project. Any technical to in the final plans for these sites ill be addressed in the review of the EMPs scheduled works take place in conjunction with t e launch workshop. All subsequently identified with under Component B. must com ly with the preparation of similar EAs in accordance of the Environmental Framework olicy dated November, 2005, before the disbursement the any funds for the specific site. vestments under C. for Energy Efficiency under a Project must comply with the p paration of an abbreviated EA/EMP specified under C. separate Environmental Frame ork Policy prepared specifically for Component Ukraine: Urban In rastructure Project ENVIRONMENT L ASSESSMENT REPORT Volume 1 Part Donetsk Oblast FINAL r | tovember 2005 Association - Ind strial Waste Management Centre
    [Show full text]
  • Birth of Tajikistan : National Identity and the Origins of the Republic
    THE BIRTH OF TAJIKISTAN i THE BIRTH OF TAJIKISTAN ii THE BIRTH OF TAJIKISTAN For Suzanne Published in 2007 by I.B.Tauris & Co Ltd 6 Salem Road, London W2 4BU 175 Fifth Avenue, New York NY 10010 www.ibtauris.com In the United States of America and Canada distributed by Palgrave Macmillan a division of St. Martin's Press, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York NY 10010 Copyright © Paul Bergne The right of Paul Bergne to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by the author in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patent Act 1988. All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or any part thereof, may not be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. International Library of Central Asian Studies 1 ISBN: 978 1 84511 283 7 A full CIP record for this book is available from the British Library A full CIP record is available from the Library of Congress Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: available Printed and bound in India by Replika Press Pvt. Ltd From camera-ready copy edited and supplied by the author THE BIRTH OF TAJIKISTAN v CONTENTS Abbreviations vii Transliteration ix Acknowledgements xi Maps. Central Asia c 1929 xii Central Asia c 1919 xiv Introduction 1 1. Central Asian Identities before 1917 3 2. The Turkic Ascendancy 15 3. The Revolution and After 20 4. The Road to Soviet Power 28 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Resources Lifeblood of the Region
    Water Resources Lifeblood of the Region 68 Central Asia Atlas of Natural Resources ater has long been the fundamental helped the region flourish; on the other, water, concern of Central Asia’s air, land, and biodiversity have been degraded. peoples. Few parts of the region are naturally water endowed, In this chapter, major river basins, inland seas, Wand it is unevenly distributed geographically. lakes, and reservoirs of Central Asia are presented. This scarcity has caused people to adapt in both The substantial economic and ecological benefits positive and negative ways. Vast power projects they provide are described, along with the threats and irrigation schemes have diverted most of facing them—and consequently the threats the water flow, transforming terrain, ecology, facing the economies and ecology of the country and even climate. On the one hand, powerful themselves—as a result of human activities. electrical grids and rich agricultural areas have The Amu Darya River in Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan, with a canal (left) taking water to irrigate cotton fields.Upper right: Irrigation lifeline, Dostyk main canal in Makktaaral Rayon in South Kasakhstan Oblast, Kazakhstan. Lower right: The Charyn River in the Balkhash Lake basin, Kazakhstan. Water Resources 69 55°0'E 75°0'E 70 1:10 000 000 Central AsiaAtlas ofNaturalResources Major River Basins in Central Asia 200100 0 200 N Kilometers RUSSIAN FEDERATION 50°0'N Irty sh im 50°0'N Ish ASTANA N ura a b m Lake Zaisan E U r a KAZAKHSTAN l u s y r a S Lake Balkhash PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC Ili OF CHINA Chui Aral Sea National capital 1 International boundary S y r D a r Rivers and canals y a River basins Lake Caspian Sea BISHKEK Issyk-Kul Amu Darya UZBEKISTAN Balkhash-Alakol 40°0'N ryn KYRGYZ Na Ob-Irtysh TASHKENT REPUBLIC Syr Darya 40°0'N Ural 1 Chui-Talas AZERBAIJAN 2 Zarafshan TURKMENISTAN 2 Boundaries are not necessarily authoritative.
    [Show full text]
  • Biosystems Diversity, 28(4), Received 25.09.2020 357–363
    ISSN 2519-8513 (Print) ISSN 2520-2529 (Online) Biosystems Biosyst. Divers., 2020, 28(4), 357–363 Diversity doi: 10.15421/012045 Patterns of vegetation succession in abandoned fields in semi-arid conditions L. P. Borovyk Luhansk Nature Reserve of NAS of Ukraine, Stanytsia Luhanska, Ukraine Article info Borovyk, L. P. (2020). Patterns of vegetation succession in abandoned fields in semi-arid conditions. Biosystems Diversity, 28(4), Received 25.09.2020 357–363. doi:10.15421/012045 Received in revised form 23.10.2020 Successions in old fields were studied on the example of the Starobilski steppes within Luhansk Oblast (Ukraine), region located Accepted 24.10.2020 in the basin of the left tributaries of the Siversky Donets, in the southern spurs of the Central Russian Upland. Stationary surveys were conducted in the Striltsivsky Steppe affiliate of the Luhansk Nature Reserve, with 269 ha of old fields (26% of the area) in its territory. Luhansk Nature Reserve Geobotanical releves were performed in 26 plots of abandoned fields, constant monitoring surveys were carried out in 15–27 year-old of NAS of Ukraine, abandoned fields in the territory of the Reserve and 5–15 year-old abandoned fields in the territory of its buffer zone. In total, the Rubizhna st., 95, itinerary and detailed surveys were conducted for about 50 plots of abandoned fields. The restoration of the steppe communities was Stanytsia Luhanska, 93602, Ukraine. seen only in the plots where grazing and/or mowing took place, which prevented the formation of dense litter and distribution of Tel.: +38-093-564-51-06.
    [Show full text]
  • Natural Recreation Potential of the West Kazakhstan Region of the Republic of Kazakhstan
    GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites Year XIII, vol. 32, no. 4, 2020, p.1355-1361 ISSN 2065-1198, E-ISSN 2065-0817 DOI 10.30892/gtg.32424-580 NATURAL RECREATION POTENTIAL OF THE WEST KAZAKHSTAN REGION OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN Bibigul CHASHINA L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Satpayev Str., 2, 010008 Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan, e-mail: [email protected] Nurgul RAMAZANOVA L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Satpayev Str., 2, 010008 Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan, e-mail: [email protected] Emin ATASOY Bursa Uludag University, 6059, Gorukle, Bursa, Turkye, e-mail: [email protected] Zharas BERDENOV* L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Satpayev Str., 2, 010008 Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan, e-mail: [email protected] Dorina Camelia ILIEȘ University of Oradea, Faculty of Geography, Tourism and Sport, Department of Geography, Tourism and Territorial Planning, Oradea, Romania, e-mail: [email protected] Citation: Chashina, B., Ramazanova, N., Atasoy, E., Berdenov, Zh., & Ilieș, D.C. (2020). NATURAL RECREATION POTENTIAL OF THE WEST KAZAKHSTAN REGION OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 32(4), 1355–1361. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.32424-580 Abstract: This article is an attempt to assess the natural and recreational potential of the West Kazakhstan region. This technique consists of different stages: assessment of the territory concerning the recreational potential, according to the physical and geographi cal conditions; determination of administrative districts (units) within each of the recreational development zones; inventory of specially protected natural areas.The main criterion for the quantitative assessment was the presence of specially protected natural areas, their number and occupied area.
    [Show full text]