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The Stars of Galileo Galilei and the Universal Knowledge of Athanasius Kircher Astrophysics and Space Science Library
Astrophysics and Space Science Library 399 Roberto Buonanno The Stars of Galileo Galilei and the Universal Knowledge of Athanasius Kircher Astrophysics and Space Science Library Volume 399 Editorial Board Chairman W. B. Burton, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, VA, USA, ([email protected]), University of Leiden, The Netherlands ([email protected]) F. Bertola, University of Padua, Italy C. J. Cesarsky, European Southern Observatory, Garching bei München, Germany P. Ehrenfreund, Leiden University, The Netherlands O. Engvold, University of Oslo, Norway A. Heck, Strasbourg Astronomical Observatory, France E. P. J. Van Den Heuvel, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands V. M. Kaspi, McGill University, Montreal, Canada J. M. E. Kuijpers, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands H. Van Der Laan, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands P. G. Murdin, Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge, UK B. V. Somov, Astronomical Institute, Moscow State University, Russia R. A. Sunyaev, Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/5664 Athanasius Kircher and Galileo Galilei as mature men (Kircher’s portrait in G. de Sepi, 1678, Romani Collegii Societatis Iesu Musaeum Celeberrimum, Janson-Waesberg, Galileo’s one at http://www.illaboratoriodigalileogalilei.it/galileo/iconografia/ico_ver/cronol/cronol.html) Roberto Buonanno The Stars of Galileo Galilei and the Universal Knowledge of Athanasius Kircher Translation by Roberto Buonanno and Giuliana Giobbi 123 Roberto Buonanno Department of Physics University of Rome Tor Vergata Rome Italy ISSN 0067-0057 ISSN 2214-7985 (electronic) ISBN 978-3-319-00299-6 ISBN 978-3-319-00300-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-00300-9 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2013956324 Ó Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014 This work is subject to copyright. -
Varetti, Carlo Vittorio (1884-1963)
Varetti, Carlo Vittorio (1884-1963) Museo Galileo Istituto e Museo di storia della scienza Piazza Giudici 1, Firenze, ITALIA BIBLIOTECA www.museogalileo.it/biblioteca.html Raccolte mss. 47 Fondo Varetti ■ Varetti, Carlo Vittorio (1884-1963) La collezione si articola in serie tematiche Materiale: prevalentemente manoscritto e dattiloscritto; anche a stampa, grafico, fotografico e fotomeccanico Lingua: prevalentemente italiano; anche francese, inglese, spagnolo e latino Contiene lettere di e a C.V. Varetti prevalentemente scritte fra il 1956 e il 1963; contiene inoltre numerosi appunti e minute relative al Rinascimento scientifico napoletano, a Francesco Fontana e ad altri scienziati del Seicento; contiene anche fotografie e disegni Astronomia e ottica : Rinascimento scientifico napoletano, Francesco Fontana e altro, [1955?-1963?]: Astronomia, [1955?-1963?] Regesto: 1. Astronomia e ottica : appunti e trascrizioni, in italiano inglese e latino / [C.V. Varetti] (ms., 26 c., [1955?-1963?]) 2. Bibliografia su Francesco Fontana : appunti / [C.V. Varetti] (ms., datt., 16 c. in cartella, [1955?-1963?]) 3. Biografia di Francesco Fontana : appunti e trascrizioni, in italiano e in latino / [C.V. Varetti] (ms., datt., 18 c. in cartella, [1955?-1963?]) 4. "F.F. : primato delle invenzioni del" / [C.V. Varetti] (ms., 4 c. in cartella, [1955?- 1963?]) 5. Francesco Fontana astronomo : appunti / [C.V. Varetti] (ms., 6 c., [1955?-1963?]) 6. "Il napoletano Francesco Fontana primo osservatore di Marte" : in Il mattino, 27 genn. 1956, p. 3 / R. Ruggieri (stamp., 1 c., 27/01/1956) 7. "La Luna sarà fra pochi anni il settimo continente della Terra" : in Oggi, p. 36-40 / L. Confalonieri (stamp., 3 c., [05/1959]) 8. -
The Age of REASON
17-th Century Best seller The age of REASON Collected and edited by Prof. Zvi Kam, Weizmann Institute, Israel The 17th century, The age of Reason The most “studies” century in high school curriculum. Started the scientific revolution, which continued at the 178th century. Newton - followed the renaissance scientists Kepler and Galileo in mechanics and astronomy. Torricelli, Pascal and Boyle – created physical chemistry, studying physical properties of solids (stress, strain) liquids (hydrostatics, hydrodynamics), and gasses (absolute temperature, thermodynamics, energy). This formed the theoretical and practical basis for steam engines. Gilbert and Guericke – studies electric charges and magnets: electrostatics. Expanded table of elements and compounds (both inorganic and organic). Pascal, Fermat and Taylor with Leibnitz and Newton – formalized and applied differential and integral calculus. Napier, Laplace and Fourier – Logarithms and calculating machines. Hooke, Leuwenhoek and Harvey – microscopes, cell and microbiology and the blood cycle. Haley, Rømer, Huygens and Cassini – optics and astronomy. Descartes, Bacon and Locke – Science philosophy. Steno and Hooke - connect fossils with the geological history of earth. מופץ העיתון המדעי הראשון בו מתפרסמים מאמרים לאחר אישור מהסוקרים. פטנטים וקנין רוחני – המצאת מכונות, הקדמה למהפיכה התעשייתית In this century the struggle between the religious establishment and scientists continued. The scientists themselves were religious, and searched for ways to reconcile the explanations of their inventions and scientific findings with the holey scripts and religious beliefs. Galileo, the renaissance man, believed that mathematics can truly describe nature. Francis Bacon, Thomas Hobbes and Isaac Newton in puritan England, Robert Boyle in Catholic Scotland, Blaise Pascal and René Descartes in Catholic France and many others wondered between the attempts to understand “how” to describe a world under set laws and the question “why” answered by the religious belief. -
Athanasius Kircher 13570FM.Pgs 5/13/04 2:33 PM Page Ii Athanasius Kircher
Athanasius Kircher 13570FM.pgs 5/13/04 2:33 PM Page ii Athanasius Kircher The Last Man Who Knew Everything edited by Paula Findlen ROUTLEDGE NEW YORK AND LONDON 13570FM.pgs 5/13/04 2:33 PM Page iv Published in 2004 by Routledge 29 West 35th Street New York, NY 10001 www.routledge-ny.com Published in Great Britain by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane London EC4P 4EE www.routledge.co.uk Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group. © 2004 by Taylor & Francis Books, Inc. Printed in the United States of America on acid free paper. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Athanasius Kircher : the last man who knew everything / Paula Findlen, editor. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-415-94015-X (hb : alk. paper) — ISBN 0-415-94016-8 (pb : alk. paper) 1. Kircher, Athanasius, 1602–1680. 2. Intellectuals—Germany—Biography. 3. Jesuits— Germany—Biography. 4. Learning and scholarship—Europe—History—17th century. 5. Europe—Intellectual life—17th century. 6. Germany—Biography. I. Findlen, Paula. CT1098.K46A738 2004 001.2'092—dc22 2003022829 13570FM.pgs 5/13/04 2:33 PM Page v To Betty Jo Teeter Dobbs, honorary Kircherian, true Newtonian 13570FM.pgs 5/13/04 2:33 PM Page vi 13570FM.pgs 5/13/04 2:33 PM Page vii Contents Acknowledgments ix Introduction: “The Last Man Who Knew Everything . -
The Origins of the Telescope
The origins of the telescope origins of the telescope royal netherlands academy of arts and sciences, 2010 i History of Science and Scholarship in the Netherlands, volume 12 The seriesHistory of Science and Scholarship in the Netherlands presents studies on a variety of subjects in the history of science, scholarship and academic institutions in the Netherlands. Titles in this series 1. Rienk Vermij, The Calvinist Copernicans. The reception of the new astronomy in the Dutch Republic, 1575-1750. 2002, isbn 90-6984-340-4 2. Gerhard Wiesenfeldt, Leerer Raum in Minervas Haus. Experimentelle Naturlehre an der Universität Leiden, 1675-1715, 2002, isbn 90-6984-339-0 3. Rina Knoeff, Herman Boerhaave (1668-1738). Calvinist chemist and physician. 2002, isbn 90-6984-342-0 4. Johanna Levelt Sengers, How fluids unmix. Discoveries by the School of Van der Waals and Kamerlingh Onnes. 2002, isbn 90-6984-357-9 5. Jacques L.R. Touret and Robert P.W. Visser, editors, Dutch pioneers of the earth sciences. 2004, isbn 90-6984-389-7 6. Renée E. Kistemaker, Natalya P. Kopaneva, Debora J. Meijers and Georgy Vilinbakhov, editors, The Paper Museum of the Academy of Sciences in St Peterburg (c. 1725-1760), Introduction and Interpretation. 2005, isbn 90-6984-424-9, isbn dvd 90-6984-425-7, isbn Book and dvd 90-6984-426-5 7. Charles van den Heuvel, ‘De Huysbou.’ A reconstruction of an unfinished treatise on architecture, town planning and civil engineering by Simon Stevin. 2005, isbn 90- 6984-432-x 8. Florike Egmond, Paul Hoftijzer and Robert P.W. Visser, editors, Carolus Clusius.