Eyre and Western Region Plan A volume of the South Australian Planning Strategy
April 2012
Eyre and Western Region Plan A volume of the South Australian Planning Strategy
The Eyre and Western Region Plan has been prepared by the South Australian Government, through the Department of Planning, Transport and Infrastructure, as a volume of the South Australian Planning Strategy pursuant to section 22 of the Development Act 1993 and is subject to change.
For further information Please visit www.dpti.sa.gov.au or telephone the Department of Planning, Transport and Infrastructure on 08 8303 0600.
Disclaimer While every reasonable effort has been made to ensure that this document is correct at the time of publication, the Minister for Planning, the State of South Australia, its agencies, instrumentalities, employees and contractors disclaim any and all liability to any person in respect to anything or the consequence of anything done or omitted to be done in reliance upon the whole or any part of this document.
© Government of South Australia. Published 2012. All rights reserved.
ISBN 978-0-7590-0210-4 FIS 23351
iii iv Minister for Planning
South Australia’s Eyre and Western region has many strengths: it is it is one of South Australia’s most important primary production regions, it has a growing aquaculture and commercial fishing industry based around Port Lincoln, a strengthening mining sector, and a growing energy generation industry that is able to maximise the region’s competitive advantage in renewable energy. The region is also home to South Australia’s largest industrial city, Whyalla, and is serviced by a range of commercial townships. The coastal towns, heritage features, unique wildlife and scenic landscapes are attractive destinations for South Australians, interstate and overseas visitors. Importantly, the region is home to approximately 58,000 people who live and work in the region. The Eyre and Western Region Plan is designed to ensure that the region remains a great place to live, work and visit for many years to come. The plan is one of seven regional volumes in the South Australian Planning Strategy. Based on a presumption of strong economic growth, the plans indicate where new housing, industry and commercial activity should be best located – and not located. The plan outlines the different roles and functions of towns and addresses important issues such as the way industrial, commercial and residential areas connect and impact on each other. As with all regional plans, the challenge is to balance changes in the economy and population with the need to protect the region’s natural and historical features. These include unique ecosystems, landscapes and the built environment of towns. The plan identifies the potential effects of growth on these features and sets out land-use principles and policies for development that will support their protection. Ultimately, the plan is about enabling the Eyre and Western region to continue to grow and develop in a way which preserves everything the community values about the region. The Eyre and Western Region Plan was produced as a result of close collaboration between the State Government, local councils, regional development and natural resources management boards, local industry and the community. The result is a document which points the way to a future of well-managed growth, protected natural and industry assets, and strong communities.
Hon John Rau MP Deputy Premier Minister for Planning
v The regional volumes of the South Australian Planning Strategy provide a link between broad, statewide planning aims and local, council-specific planning needs. They give direction on land use and development, outline where people are likely to live so that agencies can plan for the provision of services and infrastructure, and set out policies to manage changes in population and climate. Local councils, the state government and regional development and natural resources management bodies are working with communities and industry to develop effective strategies that will lead to a sustainable future. They recognise that population growth and economic prosperity must be balanced with preservation of the environment and retention of the heritage, history and character of regional communities to attract and retain skilled workers and for the benefit of future generations. Tab le of Contents
Chapter A oVERVIEW 1 Introduction 2 The South Australian Planning Strategy 4 Implementing the Eyre and Western Region Plan 6 Commonwealth environmental matters 7
Chapter B tHE EYRE AND WESTERN REGION 9 Introduction 10 Key issues for the Eyre and Western region ...... 12
Chapter C PRINCIPLES AND POLICIES 15 Environment and sustainability ...... 18 Economic development 26 Population, settlements and culture 38
APPENDICES 47 Appendix 1 How the draft Plan was developed 48 Appendix 2 Contribution of the Eyre and Western Region Plan to South Australia’s Strategic Plan targets 50
GLOSSARY 53
List of maps A1 South Australian Planning Strategy regions 3 C1 Environment and sustainability 19 C2 Economic development 27 C3 Population, settlements and culture ...... 39
vii This document and the strategies within it recognise the Eyre and Western region’s first people and respect their deep feelings of attachment and relationship to country. overview
Chapter A
1 overview
Chapter A Chapter A Chapter The Plan also seeks to promote The Eyre and Western Region Plan Introduction the capability of the region’s aims to: The Eyre and Western Region Plan people and industries to adapt to balance the social, economic (the Plan) identifies the planning changing climatic, economic and and environmental demands of O priorities, principles and policies social conditions. This includes
VER the region necessary to achieve community activity relating to water use and and economic targets outlined by harvesting, farming practices, maximise the region’s V I
EW the South Australian Government. sea-level rise and altered weather competitive advantages in renewable energy, mining, The Plan fosters strategic growth patterns. Local industries must tourism and aquaculture aligned to the region’s unique be able to meet changing global and valued natural, built and demands through diversification, support the development of cultural qualities. It supports flexible business practices alternative water and energy activities that benefit the local and and investment certainty, and supplies regional economy, provide local infrastructure and community manage natural resources employment, attract residents and services must be adequate and protect vulnerable workers, and build vibrant, diverse for increased population and environments and species communities. It recognises the changing demographics. A flexible region’s variations in geographical planning system will foster the accommodate the region’s features, economic strengths and development of the Eyre and anticipated population growth community aspirations, and aims Western region’s communities, enable communities to develop to capitalise on the opportunities businesses and industries. in an orderly manner to support each presents to ensure a industrial, commercial and prosperous future for generations residential demands and of South Australians. support healthy and vibrant communities cultivate the unique built and natural heritage, culture and values of the region manage and facilitate existing and planned infrastructure to maximise economic development and job growth
2 South Australian Planning Strategy regions Map A1
3 Chapter A Chapter The Eyre and Western Region Plan Submissions from industry, The South Australian has been prepared by the South agencies, local councils, the Local Planning Strategy Australian Government, through Government Association, Regional the Department of Planning, Development Australia, the The Eyre and Western Region O Transport and Infrastructure Natural Resources Management
VER Plan is one of seven regional (DPTI), in collaboration with the Board, interest groups and the volumes that make up the South Eyre Regional Development community during the eight-week V Australian Planning Strategy. The I
EW Board, the Whyalla Economic public consultation period in 2011 other regional volumes relate Development Board (now have improved and helped finalise to the Far North, Yorke and Mid combined into Regional the Plan. North, Greater Adelaide (The 30- Development Australia Whyalla Year Plan for Greater Adelaide), The Eyre and Western Region Plan and Eyre Peninsula), the Eyre Kangaroo Island, Limestone Coast supersedes the relevant sections Peninsula Local Government and Murray and Mallee. of the Planning Strategy for Association, the Eyre Peninsula Regional South Australia (January This Plan will guide future land use Natural Resources Management 2003, as amended at December and development in the Eyre and Board and the 11 councils of the 2007). Western region. For the purposes region: of the Planning Strategy, the Eyre For more information about the City of Port Lincoln and Western region constitutes the Plan and how it was developed, area within the local government City of Whyalla please see Appendix 1. areas listed below, the Aboriginal District Council of Ceduna communities of Maralinga Tjarutja Lands and Yalata Aboriginal District Council of Cleve Reserve, the unincorporated west District Council of Elliston coast (land not within a council area) and adjacent state waters District Council of Franklin (refer to Map A1). Harbour District Council of Kimba District Council of Lower Eyre Peninsula District Council of Streaky Bay District Council of Tumby Bay Wudinna District Council.
4 of regional communities. The The Structure Plans for the state’s Planning Strategy regional volumes also support major regional cities also flow from objectives state and local government the regional volumes. plans for the adequate provision Within the Planning Strategy, the The South Australian Planning of community services and South Australian Government – in Strategy is a requirement of infrastructure such as transport, partnership with local government section 22 of the Development Act health, schools, aged care and – gives direction on land use 1993. The Minister is responsible community facilities. and development for the period for its preparation on behalf of 2010-36. The Planning Strategy Councils are guided by the the State Government and for establishes how the State regional volumes as they reporting to the South Australian Government proposes to balance formulate Strategic Management Parliament annually on its population and economic growth Plans and review and amend their implementation. Each volume of with planning that considers Development Plans. Development the strategy must be reviewed at climate change, preservation of Plans outline the zones, maps and least once every five years. the environment and the need to policies that specify what land use protect the heritage and character is permissible within the particular council area.
Figure A1 – South Australian Planning Strategy objectives
Liveability Competitiveness A lifestyle that is relaxed and has a strong sense Attracts jobs and investment of community Retains people in the region Adequate and equitable access to services Attracts and welcomes people from different Vibrant arts, cultural and recreation life backgrounds and places Affordable housing and cost of living Scenic landscapes with an intrinsic sense of place Best elements of the past and present are evident Attractive to a diverse range of businesses and industries in town design and form Maximises competitive advantage in renewable and clean energy
Sustainability and climate change resilience Pattern of settlements is deliberately re-engineered towards greater sustainability and climate change resilience The region responds to the risk of climate change and improves water and energy efficiency Preserves and restores the natural environment
5 Chapter A Chapter Region plans Alignment with State Implementing the The regional volumes of the Government policies Eyre and Western South Australian Planning The South Australian Planning Region Plan O Strategy contain three interlocking
VER Strategy’s regional volumes link objectives that reflect the State Local government, DPTI, other broad, state-wide planning aims Government’s efforts to maximise State Government agencies, V to local, council-specific planning I
EW the opportunities and respond to and stakeholders such as the needs. Figure A2 sets out how the the challenges that exist and will Local Government Association, Plan works with key state policies emerge in coming decades: Regional Development Australia to provide a consistent approach Board Committees and Natural to maintain and improve to land use and development Resources Management Boards liveability across the region. It complements will work together to implement other strategies and policies in: to increase competitiveness the Plan. Together, councils and achieving a range of social, agencies will determine long- to drive sustainability and economic and environmental term land-use and infrastructure increase resilience to climate targets in South Australia’s priorities and how best to focus change. Strategic Plan (SASP). their efforts on implementing identifying infrastructure these priorities. priorities to support economic It is essential that the relationships and population growth. and links with and between adjoining regions are also For more information about how considered in planning-related the Eyre and Western Region decisions. Plan contributes to specific SASP targets see Appendix 2.
6 Figure A2 – The Eyre and Western Region Plan’s links to State Government strategies
South Australia’s Strategic Plan
Our Our Our Our Our Our Community Prosperity Environment Health Education Ideas
SASP OBJECTIVES SASP OBJECTIVES
Eyre and Western Region Plan
STATE POLICY INITIATIVES STATE POLICY INITIATIVES Regional City Structure Plans
Water for Good – South South State Natural Strategic A Plan to Ensure Australia’s Australia’s Resources Infrastructure our Water Future Greenhouse Waste Management Plan for to 2050 Strategy Strategy Plan South Australia
Housing Plan Population Economic Skills for SA Policy for SA Statement for All
nationally listed species and Councils’ decision-making Commonwealth ecological communities processes and development environmental matters controls should provide for early migratory species consideration of NES concerns. The Eyre and Western region wetlands of international Decisions that may relate to NES encompasses many species and importance listed under the issues or items must be referred to locations of National Environmental Ramsar Convention (Ramsar- the Commonwealth Department of Significance (NES). These are listed wetlands) the Environment, Water, Heritage protected under the Commonwealth and the Arts. Environment Protection and national and World Heritage Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 items and areas. (EPBC Act) and include:
7 8 THE EYRE AND WESTERN REGION
Chapter B
9 THE EYRE AND WESTERN REGION
Chapter B Chapter B Chapter Economy and infrastructure In addition, the region has among Introduction the highest number of visitors of The Eyre and Western region’s The Eyre and Western region any the state’s non-metropolitan economy is based on aquaculture covers more than 230,000 tourist regions. A significant influx and primary production and T square kilometres, extending of visitors to coastal locations HE E processing, with its producers from Whyalla in the east to South can place extra demand on the contributing about 33 per cent of Australia’s border with Western infrastructure and services of YRE A YRE the state’s grain harvest and 90 Australia in the west. It includes some Eyre and Western councils. per cent of its seafood output. more than 1,800 kilometres of Extensive infrastructure includes
N A history of iron and steel coastline, or about 33 per cent of four of the state’s nine major D WE production forms the foundation of the coastline of South Australia. export ports, three major regional a strong mining-related industrial The region is rich in environmental airports (including the state’s
S base centred on mining and assets, with long sandy beaches largest regional airport in terms T associated steel fabrication, ER and limestone cliffs along of runway length at Whyalla) and manufacturing, construction and
N the coast, granite outcrops, connections to the national road
R hydraulics industries, most of agricultural lands and desert and rail networks.
E which are located in Whyalla.
GI communities, mallee and redgum South Australia’s expanding
ON woodlands, and urban and mining, energy and defence outback environments. sectors are creating economic and employment opportunities in many areas of the state, including the Eyre and Western region.
10 Population and regional Port Lincoln, at the southern The Eyre and Western region tip of Eyre Peninsula, is the contains three Aboriginal centres region’s second major service communities: Yalata in the far Nearly 70 percent of the region’s centre with a population of west, Koonibba near Ceduna 59,203 population (Estimated 14,726 people (ERP 2010). and Oak Valley on the Maralinga 1 Resident Population [ERP] 2010) A popular tourist destination, Tjarutja Lands. Whyalla, Port live in the three urban centres of it has a major port for grain, Lincoln and Ceduna also have Whyalla, Port Lincoln and Ceduna. fishing and aquaculture (with significant numbers of Aboriginal Approximately 12 per cent of the potential for mineral export) and residents. region’s population (based on has the state’s busiest regional 2006 census, the most recent airport in terms of annual available for this data) reside passenger numbers (200,000 in small towns and sometimes per annum) and passenger remote mining and farming aircraft flights. communities, which presents particular issues for infrastructure Ceduna is the third-largest and services provision and service centre, with 3,834 maintenance in the region. people (District Council ERP 2010). Located at the Whyalla is the major population, north-western edge of Eyre industry and service centre, Peninsula, it is a popular tourist with 23,214 people (ERP destination and a port for grain, 2010). Located in northern gypsum, salt, and mineral sand Eyre Peninsula, it has a large export. number of educational, retail and commercial facilities and services, including a regional campus of the University of South Australia.
1 Estimated Resident Population is based on Census counts by usual place of residence adjusted for estimated number of births and deaths and net migration since the last Census.
11 Chapter B Chapter This Plan outlines principles and Environment and Key issues for the Eyre policies aimed at addressing the and Western region issues and challenges related to sustainability each theme. Overlapping issues Balancing native vegetation Workshops in Wudinna and T and practices have led to policies management, the protection of HE E Adelaide in July 2009 and Port that apply across these themes vulnerable ecosystems and the Lincoln in October 2011 examined and may not, as a result, exactly maintenance of aesthetically YRE A YRE key issues for the Eyre and correspond to the issues as set pleasing landscapes with Western region with implications out below. economic development for planning. Representatives of N the region’s councils, government In addition, local councils, Supporting native habitat D WE and other stakeholders identified Regional Development Australia areas so they can adapt to and strengths, weaknesses, committees, Natural Resources survive climate change S Management Boards and the T opportunities and threats related Planning for sustainable coastal ER to land use and development. South Australian Government are development while protecting N working with the community, local coastal land and waters
R The issues have been grouped groups and industry to develop E into four themes: Locating development away GI effective strategies for specific
ON environment and sustainability industries, communities and from hazardous areas, and ensuring that appropriate economic development regional areas that will contribute to a prosperous future. prevention measures are in population, settlements and place culture Supporting the region’s water infrastructure and services security, including developing provision. strategies to harvest and recycle water supplies and developing alternative water sources Supporting development of renewable energy Adapting development and services to cater for the effects of changing climatic conditions.
12 Economic development Population, settlements and Infrastructure and service Retaining and enhancing the culture provision region’s unique natural assets Supporting development Maximising the use and and culture to support tourism of a range of residential adaptability of infrastructure Supporting aquaculture growth accommodation options through consolidation, by allocating land for service to support the diversity of clustering and economies of providers and processing residential needs (for example scale affordable and aged housing) Protecting and encouraging Protecting land corridors for diversification of activities on Retaining and attracting young expansion or augmentation of primary production land people and skilled personnel infrastructure Supporting existing and Identifying cultural values and Providing adequate new mining and energy encouraging a ‘sense of place’ infrastructure (for example, developments in each community transport facilities, communications, energy, Providing adequate and Supporting and encouraging water security) to support accessible community services development of alternative development of mining, energy resources Building population, agriculture aquaculture and Attracting and retaining a employment and services in tourism. key growth centres that can skilled workforce Supporting the development also serve rural and remote of social and community Supporting industries in residents and businesses adapting to the effects of infrastructure climate change. Protecting services for airlines and the Royal Flying Doctor Service.
13 14 principles and policies
Chapter C
15 principles and policies
Chapter C Chapter C Chapter This chapter outlines the These principles and policies also The principles are categorised principles and the policies that may contribute to the development according to the following themes will realise the Eyre and Western of strategic and implementation that emerged during consultation Region Plan. Each theme outlines: plans by other regional bodies as discussed in Chapter A:
P and State Government agencies. r principles to guide land-use Environment and sustainability in planning and development While the principles and policies
c Economic development
i may change over time, the p land-use policies to guide
l principles are intended to facilitate Population, settlements and
es councils (and which must the development of a region that is culture. be reflected in council
a liveable, competitive, sustainable
n Development Plans). and resilient to climate change. d p ol i c i es
16 The principles are: 1 Recognise, protect and 8 Reinforce the region as a restore the region’s unique and diverse tourism environmental assets destination
2 Protect people, property 9 Provide and protect industrial and the environment from land to meet projected exposure to hazards demand
3 Increase the capacity of the 10 Ensure commercial region to adapt and become development supports town resilient to the impacts of function climate change 11 Plan and manage township 4 Protect and build on growth, and develop Structure the region’s strategic Plans for key growth centres infrastructure 12 Design towns to be 5 Protect and strengthen the sustainable and provide safe, economic potential of the healthy, accessible, and region’s primary production appealing environments land 13 Provide residential land 6 Strengthen the economic and diverse, affordable and potential of the region’s sustainable housing to meet mineral and energy resources current and future needs
7 Strengthen the commercial 14 Identify and protect places fishing and aquaculture of heritage and cultural industries significance, and desired town character
17 Environment and sustainability Chapter C Chapter Overview The identity of the Eyre and of biodiversity corridors would Western Region is strongly linked improve ecosystems and increase Protecting and managing the to its scenic amenity, particularly resilience. region’s natural environment in coastal areas that contain and assets is essential to the Climate change may increase P diverse and delicate coastal r maintenance and development the risk of heatwaves, sea-level in environments. These marine of communities and industries, rise, flooding and bushfires. The c “nurseries” have significant
i and to the conservation of the development design, location and p cultural and economic value. l environment itself. Water and management of land use activities es Land use and development energy supplies are critical to should minimise community
decisions should also support a the region’s future, particularly exposure to danger and property n water ecosystems while improving given the projected impacts of loss. Detailed investigations and d the security and quality of water mapping should identify those p climate change. Alternative water resources. ol and energy sources are being areas at risk of hazards with
i investigated and developed by Climate change is anticipated results reflected in Development c i to have a significant effect upon Plan policies. es private and government agencies to meet projected demands and the Eyre and Western region. minimise environmental impact. The region’s native vegetation is highly vulnerable to the impacts The coastal geography of the of projected climate change. It Eyre and Western region is highly is significantly fragmented and variable with many changes in contains weeds and feral animals orientation, geology and exposure that restrict the growth, migration to the strong wave action of the and ability of native populations Southern Ocean. The numerous to adapt.2 The region’s soils are and varied habitats include sandy relatively infertile and prone to beaches, tall cliffs, extensive and degradation, with significant areas mobile dune systems, off-shore of land at high or extreme risk reefs, estuaries, tidal flats and of wind erosion, water erosion, islands. dry-land salinity or soil acidity. Areas of high environmental significance and fragility should be protected and buffered from the impacts of development. Revegetation with indigenous species and the establishment
2 Eyre Peninsula Natural Resources Management Board, Managing our resources: Strategic plan for the management of the natural resources of the Eyre Peninsula, EPNRMB, Government of South Australia, 2009,
18 Environment and sustainability Map C1
19 Chapter C Chapter The Musgrave PWA (Polda Basin) Policies Principle 1 is not in use due to low water 1.1 Protect the quality and Recognise, protect and levels and associated salinity function of water-dependent issues with the Tod Reservoir ecosystems by preventing P restore the region’s maintained by SA Water as a r 3 adverse impacts of land-use in environmental assets back-up emergency source. and development, such as c Individual rainwater collection also
i the overuse of resources, p contributes to regional supply. l erosion, impeded surface es Water Development of alternative water and subsurface water
The Eyre and Western region a supplies to improve resource flows, land degradation and n does not have abundant water security is vital. Desalination clearing, and pollution. This d resources. The topography of the plants for private and public will include: p ol region dictates that there is little use are being considered and surface run-off and few surface `` ensuring that development i developed at various sites across c waters. The Tod River is the only is adequately set back i the region. es permanent watercourse. There are from watercourses and 10 water protection areas within The State Government is incorporates water- the Eyre Peninsula. developing policies to ensure sensitive urban design that water-sensitive urban design (WSUD) measures to Water is predominantly sourced (WSUD) measures are integrated avoid adverse impacts on from underground resources in the into Development Plans across the natural hydrological Southern Basins Prescribed Wells the state. Ongoing investment in cycle (such as soil erosion Area (PWA) and supplemented community water schemes and and diffuse pollution) and with water from the River Murray. domestic water harvesting will be to achieve water quality Extraction is controlled by important to the Eyre Peninsula’s and water efficiency licences issued in accordance water supply. Treated water from benefits with the Water Allocation Plans community waste management (WAPs) developed for each schemes (CWMS) has been `` applying WSUD prescribed water resource in the introduced in a number towns techniques in new area under the Natural Resources in the region including Whyalla, developments (including Management Act 2004. The Port Lincoln, Ceduna, Thevenard, residential, retail, aquifers located along the western Smoky Bay, Streaky Bay, commercial, institutional, and southern coasts are quite Wudinna, Kimba, Cleve, Coffin industrial and transport) shallow and vulnerable to damage Bay, Cummins and Tumby Bay. `` encouraging land- by inappropriate development, low use and development rainfall and seawater incursions. policies that prioritise use of water (including for environmental use).
3 Department for Water (April 2011) Eyre Peninsula Demand and Supply Statement,
20 1.2 Implement and increase Coastal, estuarine and Climate change may lead to water improvement and sea-level rise and coastline harvesting initiatives where marine environments shift, with associated impacts on appropriate. The region includes the Eucla, ecosystems. Zoning may need to Murat, Eyre, Spencer Gulf be adjusted over time to reflect Locate and design buildings, 1.3 and Upper Spencer Gulf these impacts. In addition, land- roads and open space to marine bioregions, which are use planning should consider the retain natural flows, drainage incorporated in the network potential long-term and cumulative patterns, and hydrological of marine parks and are impacts of development on cycles by applying WSUD inhabited by diverse marine coastal and marine environments principles at the earliest and coastal biota that include that can occur through changing stages. mangrove stands, samphires, hydrodynamic patterns, erosion or saltmarsh communities, the 1.4 Introduce WSUD measures pollution of the environment. into new development and southern right whale and giant Australian cuttlefish spawning public open spaces and Policies encourage their use in congregations. The coastal Avoid adverse impacts existing development. wetlands are vital nursery grounds 1.7 for commercially valuable fisheries of development on the 1.5 Maximise wastewater re-use species, and near-shore waters ecological health of coastal, opportunities and, where are important to aquaculture. estuarine and marine necessary, plan for effective Areas such as Acraman Creek environments. wastewater disposal north of Streaky Bay are wetlands Protect coasts, dunes, through mains sewers and 1.8 of national importance. estuaries and marine areas community wastewater of conservation, landscape management systems Multiple-use management plans value and environmental (CWMS). with associated zoning are being developed for the region’s eight significance by limiting 1.6 Minimise use of drinking marine parks. Councils will be development in these areas. water supplies for required to consider these when In limited circumstances non-drinking uses by reviewing Development Plans. development may require encouraging water efficiency such a location—such measures at the dwelling as development of state and suburb level. significance—in which case the social and economic benefits must be demonstrated to outweigh the adverse environmental and amenity impacts.
21 Chapter C Chapter Biodiversity Scientific research and databases Australia5. These areas should inform Development will be protected from The relative isolation of the Plan policies, including how development unless Eyre and Western region has best to protect areas of high a specific regulatory resulted in a significant degree of P environmental significance. The exemption applies r endemism and species diversity. in knowledge of Aboriginal people The region has one of the state’s `` areas of environmental c can enhance understanding of i highest levels of natural vegetation significance – areas of p particular environmental features l cover, with about 43 per cent habitat and land that es and the implications for land use remaining intact since European has human as well as
as well as augmenting tourism. a settlement. Major threats to plant biodiversity value. Higher n communities include continued impact land uses in these d
Policies p fragmentation, grazing, salinity, areas should be avoided, ol inappropriate fire regimes, and 1.9 To improve development environmental impacts 4 i weed infestation. certainty and transparency, minimised and offsets c i es Biodiversity should be introduce a hierarchy of provided environmental assets to increased with endemic species `` areas designated for be protected. Incorporate revegetation and the development human use – areas measures to protect these of biodiversity corridors that can in where human use is the into Development Plans turn strengthen the environment’s principal consideration. and Structure Plans. The resilience to climate change. Development will be hierarchy should include: Areas of high environmental consistent with the significance should be protected `` areas of high Development Plan and from the ramifications of environmental existing legislation. development. State and council significance – protected conservation reserves, marine public lands; private parks, national parks and heritage and public lands under agreements areas play an heritage agreements; important role in this manner. land containing high- value native vegetation, important habitat for nationally listed threatened ecological communities, species and / or migratory species and high or very high valued wetland habitats identified by the Directory
4 EPNRMB (2008) Managing our resources, of Important Wetlands in Strategic Plan for the Management of the natural resources of the Eyre Peninsula, draft for consultation, 5 refer to
22 1.10 Minimise any adverse impact Scenic landscapes Policies on biodiversity, and offset The Eyre and Western region 1.16 Identify, protect and manage any unavoidable impact. is recognised for its scenic areas of scenic value, 1.11 Contain growth and landscapes, particularly along including landscapes that development where possible coastlines. form attractive backgrounds and entrances to towns and to identified urban lands. The protection of these tourist developments. 1.12 Locate and design landscapes is important for: development to prevent the the tourism industry, which 1.17 Manage development that further loss, degradation is an important regional may detract from significant and / or fragmentation of economic driver and depends landscapes that can be native vegetation, any loss of on attractive landscapes for its viewed from tourist routes, species and / or ecological viability walking trails, the beach and/ communities. or the sea to: supporting the community’s ties 1.13 Provide biodiversity corridors to the land and sense of place `` protect views to, from, to link areas of biological and along the ocean and significance. supporting healthy, recreational scenic coastal areas choices and lifestyles 1.14 Maintain and enhance areas `` minimise the alteration of of conservation significance. their inherent environmental natural land forms and ecological factors. 1.15 Maximise opportunities to `` be visually compatible increase biodiversity into the Land-use planning and design with the character of urban form at streetscape should ensure that a variety surrounding areas of aesthetic landscapes with level and through open `` restore and enhance space. significant aesthetic value are retained. The cumulative impact visual quality in visually of incremental development degraded areas where approvals should be considered feasible. in individual planning decisions. 1.18 Avoid adverse impacts on Development Plan updates identified scenic landscapes should review scenic landscapes through appropriate and identify measures for their development, siting, design protection. and landscaping choices. Councils, in partnership with the State Government, should undertake studies and engage with local communities to identify, assess, document and protect areas and sites of scenic value for insertion into Development Plans.
23 Chapter C Chapter Coastal erosion that may threaten Policies Principle 2 buildings and infrastructure can 2.1 Protect people, property Protect people, property in some cases be managed with and the environment from protective structures. However, exposure to hazards by P and the environment from these can be costly and may r designing and planning for in exposure to hazards affect the aesthetic appeal of development in accordance c coastal areas, public access to
i with the following risk p Hazards can occur naturally the foreshore, coastal processes l or result from development hierarchy: es and the environment. A number activity. Inappropriately located `` avoidance – avoid
of coastal areas containing a or designed development and n residential development and permanent development d land uses can increase exposure infrastructure have been identified in and adjacent to areas p to and the impact of hazards, as directly at risk from wave at unacceptable risk from ol including flooding, erosion, activity, shoreline instability and hazards i c disturbance of acid sulfate soils, the movements to creek mouths. i `` adaptation – design es bushfires, salinity, landslides, Detailed studies and mapping buildings and water, air and noise pollution and of vulnerable areas should be site contamination. infrastructure to minimise undertaken and reflected in long-term risk Bushfire risk varies across the Development Plans. `` protection – protect region. Appropriate planning and Site contamination can existing development or control measures can significantly adversely affect human health, minimise the potential reduce such risk to people and the environment or both – not impact of any hazard for property. With the risk of bushfire only at specific sites but also at new developments. anticipated to increase as a result adjoining and nearby locations of climate change, Development due to movement of contaminants. 2.2 Develop partnerships Plans should identify at-risk areas Councils should identify sites between state and local and adopt policy that minimises where potentially contaminating governments, emergency risk in accordance with that set activities have occurred and services and infrastructure out by the State Government. ensure that development is agencies to identify and Projected sea-level rise will appropriately situated, including address risks and hazards increase beach and dune erosion. in respect to existing and closed to protect community health The degree of recession will vary landfills. Site contamination and wellbeing. across the coastline depending on and remediation reviews and Integrate consistent and beach topography, sand supply appropriate distances between 2.3 rigorous risk-reduction and and littoral sediment movement. sensitive interfaces should be hazard-avoidance policies, incorporated into all structure standards and actions into plans and Development Plan Strategic Management Plans Amendments, in accordance with and Development Plans. South Australian Government guidelines.
24 2.4 Develop policies to minimise and Western region. To streamline the impact of extreme Principle 3 approval processes and encourage bushfires, in line with the Increase the capacity of alternative energy development, findings of the 2009 Victorian policies should identify preferred Bushfires Royal Commission. the region to adapt and areas for such developments, become resilient to the taking into account towns, natural Decrease the risk of loss 2.5 and scenic environments, primary of life and property from impacts of climate change production areas, heritage sites extreme bushfires by Policy planning for the Eyre and and other features. identifying areas of extreme Western region should promote high risk and developing development of land-use activities buffers around new growth Policies that can readily adapt to changes areas adjacent to native Promote carbon that may result from climate 3.1 bushland. sequestration, soil carbon change which reflects the latest and greenhouse gas Identify, rehabilitate and climate-change research. 2.6 mitigation activities through monitor contaminated sites The Eyre Peninsula Regional sustainable land-use and to a standard that is suitable Sector Agreement (pursuant to the land management practices, and safe for the proposed Climate Change and Greenhouse taking into account climate, use. Emissions Reduction Act 2007) land and soil suitability and 2.7 Ensure new development requires that state and local species characteristics. is appropriately located governments, the Eyre Peninsula Facilitate the incorporation of in relation to landfills Natural Resource Management 3.2 sustainable energy and water to minimise the risk to Board and the Regional supply, conservation and people and property from Development Australia Whyalla efficiencies into development landfill gas emissions and and Eyre Peninsula Inc Board and subdivision designs and migrations. work together to identify local and regional priorities for investment planning. Identify and map coastal 2.8 and action. The South Australian Establish building standards areas at risk of inundation 3.3 Government is also preparing and design guidelines to due to sea-level rise, the “Prospering in a Changing improve water, thermal and storm surge, flooding and Climate – Climate Change energy efficiency. wave activity, and develop Adaptation Framework for South necessary management Australia” that will provide a basis 3.4 Encourage the development plans. for South Australia’s preparations of renewable and innovative for the impacts of climate change. energy generation and water Development Plans must consider supply facilities. this framework and the Sector 3.5 Co-locate services and Agreement. provide convenient, safe Much of South Australia’s nation- pedestrian and cycle routes leading investment in renewable within towns to promote energy has occurred in the Eyre walking and cycling.
25 Economic development Chapter C Chapter Overview The region’s commercial fishing The region is recognised as an and aquaculture industry important frontier for mineral The Eyre and Western region accounts for about 77 per cent of development. Mining and energy is one of South Australia’s most the state’s seafood produce, 84 investment and output are productive areas, contributing P per cent of its aquaculture output expected to grow substantially in r more than $2.5 billion to the state’s in and 64 per cent of aquaculture coming decades which is likely to economy each year6 through c employment. In 2009-10, the stimulate demand for supporting
i industries such as agriculture, p direct economic impact of industries, housing and services. l aquaculture, fishing, tourism and es the region’s aquaculture was The Resources and Energy Sector mining. Agriculture and fishing are
$375 million and total full-time Infrastructure Council (RESIC) a the major employment industries n equivalent employment was is proposing fit-for-purpose while the potential of the mining d 1,821 persons. While projections infrastructure to support mining
p industry for future economic indicate that demand will grow, operations in both the Eyre and ol and employment growth is well the industry has identified a need Western region and across South i documented. c for efficient and cost-effective Australia more generally. i es Tourism is a rapidly expanding transport infrastructure, unloading The Eyre and Western region is sector with visitors spending facilities and on-shore processing an important contributor to South $246 million in the region in facilities. Australia’s rapidly expanding 2011.7 The region is developing Agriculture in the region consists renewable energy sector. There an international reputation for predominantly of wheat, barley has been significant investment a unique and diverse range of and legume production with an in windfarms, while wave nature-based visitor experiences estimated value of $544 million conditions on the west coast related to its scenic landscapes, for grains and $207 million for provide excellent prospects for ecotourism and unique wildlife, livestock in 2010-11.8 Sheep wave technology with Elliston as well as coastal recreation, farming accounts for the majority identified as a possible site seafood, adventure tourism and of pastoral activities with cattle for a demonstration plant. The Aboriginal culture. Identification production also significant. region has world-class solar and protection of these tourism radiance levels, a major factor in assets are paramount, while the developing solar power, and the provision of access to remote ‘hot rocks’ that attract geothermal locations will be vital. investment. Development of these resources will contribute to economic development of the region and the state, and to achievement of South Australia’s environmental targets.
6 EPNRMB (2008) Managing our resources, Strategic Plan for the Management of the natural resources of the Eyre Peninsula, draft for consultation,
26 Economic development Map C2
27 Chapter C Chapter To maximise these opportunities, The region’s economic the region’s electricity development opportunities will Principle 4 transmission network needs to only be realised with supportive Protect and build on be improved and expanded. council Development Plan
P The state’s transmission network policies, Structure Plans, the region’s strategic r in service provider, Electranet, investment in infrastructure, infrastructure
c has identified the need for expansion of local training i p significant augmentation of the opportunities, and attraction Infrastructure plays a crucial l role in the development of the es Eyre and Western region network and retention of skilled labour. region. It should be planned
to facilitate the connection of Because the region’s future a and developed to maximise n renewable energy generation economic wellbeing is highly d facilities to the grid. reliant on well-managed, investment, support business and p sustainable natural resources, employment growth, and provide ol The region contains a number of any developmental pressure for community health, safety and i educational institutions, including c on natural resources must be well-being. Infrastructure planning i TAFE and University of South es should prevent unnecessary Australia campuses. Several managed effectively to ensure the region is not degraded. duplication of development, skills support programs are also services and resources and underway, including the $8.4 reduce impacts on surrounding million Mineral Resources and environments and communities. Heavy Engineering Skills Centre Further, infrastructure should be in the Upper Spencer Gulf. planned in proximity to related This facility will be important in developments to take advantage enabling local participation in of economies of scale. the expanding mining industry. The need to provide Aboriginal The region’s transport and people with local employment transfer hubs provide competitive and training in industries such freight transport, storage and as housing construction and processing facilities, particularly maintenance, tourism, mining and in Whyalla and Port Lincoln services has also been identified. which accommodate nationally significant facilities. Expansion of the Commonwealth Department of Defence training facilities at Cultana (near Whyalla) has been investigated with economic benefits likely to extend to adjacent regions, including the Far North.
28 A privately owned and operated Airports play a critical role in Policies narrow-gauge rail system services supporting the region’s economic 4.1 Infrastructure development the ports of Port Lincoln and and social development, as should be consolidated to Thevenard and major centres well as medical emergency limit unnecessary duplication including Wudinna, Cummins and access. The region has several of services and resources Kimba. A number of links on the significant airports, all of which and to reduce the impact on regional rail system are closed are owned and operated by local the surrounding environment, and the network does not connect government, but Whyalla, Port economy and community. to the broad-gauge national rail Lincoln and Ceduna airports all network. Whyalla is connected require redevelopment if they are 4.2 Ensure Development Plans to the national rail network to meet growing industry and provide for existing and through a spur-line connection tourism demands and associated future strategic infrastructure to Port Augusta. Investigations safety and security standards. corridors and assets by: are underway to determine the Sealed and unsealed airstrips are `` identifying land for viability of expanding the regional provided throughout the region for expansion rail network and its connections to the Royal Flying Doctor Service. `` protecting corridors and ports and mining developments. Information and Communications assets from encroachment National highways link the region Technology (ICT) services in by incompatible land uses to Western Australia, the Northern the region are limited. Most rural Territory, the eastern states and communities with a population of `` addressing impacts of Adelaide. The recently completed more than 500 have mobile phone climate change Lucky Bay terminal and ferry coverage. Most populated areas `` incorporating flexible service will provide an alternative are connected by optical fibre, policy to accommodate route for vehicles between Lucky and Whyalla, Port Lincoln and changing operational Bay, near Cowell, and Wallaroo on Ceduna have ADSL broadband. needs. Yorke Peninsula. General hospitals are located The region’s ports transfer primary at Whyalla and Port Lincoln 4.3 Include an overlay map produce, seafood and minerals while smaller public hospitals in Development Plans to other parts of Australia and and health services are located of existing and planned overseas. The main commercial throughout the region. A strategic, primary and ports are Port Lincoln (deep range of education facilities secondary freight rail and sea and cruise ship port), Port (schools, preschools and tertiary road corridors, major ports Bonython, Thevenard and campuses) are located across the and airports and intermodal Whyalla. Centrex Metals has region with specialised training sites (as detailed in the proposed a major export facility courses in marine science and the Strategic Infrastructure Plan at Sheep Hill. Increased mining seafood industry offered at Port for South Australia). activity is expected to place extra Lincoln. demands on the capacity and efficiency of these ports.
29 Chapter C Chapter 4.4 Upgrade and protect Climate adaptation and mitigation airfields (airports, Principle 5 strategies will be crucial in aerodromes and airstrips) to Protect and strengthen maintaining crop yields and support economic, tourism meat and wool production.9
P and social development the economic potential Development Plan policies r in and accommodate medical of the region’s primary must remain flexible to enable c emergency services such production land adaptation and adjustment to i p as the Royal Flying Doctor changing economic and climactic l
es Service (RFDS). Retention of primary production conditions but robust enough to
land is crucial to the region’s provide protection and ensure a 4.5 Cluster freight-dependent n continued economic development sustainability for the industry. industries in strategic d and food security. Conversion of
p locations, particularly at key productive land to residential and ol transport nodes (ports, rail, Policies other uses may create conflicts at i road junctions), to optimise Designate areas of primary c interfaces and compromise farm 5.1 i
es use of existing and planned production significance in operations. As a result, township infrastructure and maximise Development Plans and expansion or subdivision of transport efficiencies. introduce planning policies productive agricultural land into to protect these areas. 4.6 Provide and maintain quality ‘rural living’ areas requires long support infrastructure to term strategic consideration. 5.2 Avoid potential conflicts enable efficient import/ Variable climatic and market between productive export activities at Port fluctuations have a significant agricultural land and other Lincoln and Thevenard. impact on agricultural and land uses by: 4.7 Identify land suitable for pastoral activities and the `` preventing fragmentation waste management and economic and mental health of of viable agricultural land resource recovery facilities farming families. Proposed federal `` consolidating housing to optimise opportunities government initiatives such as (including rural living for re-use and recycling the Carbon Farming Initiative and allotments) and industrial of waste and protect this the Clean Energy Future Carbon development within land from encroachment by Price could stimulate changes in township areas, unless incompatible uses. land use to accommodate biofuel crops and drought-tolerant plant directly related to primary varieties. industry
9 Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Bureau of Meteorology and Bureau of Rural Sciences (2008) ‘Wheat and sheep production in a changing climate: South Australia’, module 4 in Communicating Climate Change, an initiative of the National Agriculture and Climate Change Action Plan,
30 `` managing interfaces 5.6 Rehabilitate unproductive 5.10 Plan for intensive livestock with residential and other and degraded primary production in accordance sensitive uses production land affected by with the Department of salinity through revegetation Primary Industries and `` limiting and carefully using native species, Regions, Environmental locating rural living zones. increasing the vitality and Protection Authority (EPA) 5.3 Strengthen the economic integrity of existing remnant and NRM guidelines to meet potential of primary stands of native vegetation, biosecurity, environmental production land and and introducing perennial and public health foster sustainable farming pastures. requirements. practices, including the Co-locate intensive primary Support the viability and potential use of township 5.7 5.11 industries and compatible sustainability of primary and industry wastewater for processing activities to production through research irrigation purposes. reduce land-use conflict facilities at Minnipa. 5.4 Remove unnecessary and achieve efficiencies regulatory (including in production, processing, subdivision) barriers to distribution, energy use the adjustment of primary and waste recycling, taking production activities. into account environmental, Development Plans should biosecurity, infrastructure be flexible enough to allow and rural amenity issues. property holders to change Focus the expansion of agricultural practices, 5.8 intensive animal husbandry particularly where the in locations that maximise change would enable the use of existing and increased productivity planned infrastructure, or better environmental including water, energy and outcomes. waste facilities. Avoid grazing and other 5.5 Seek investment rural activities on dune 5.9 opportunities stimulated by systems or other sensitive new Federal Government coastal areas where they initiatives such as the are likely to damage native proposed Carbon Farming vegetation and/or create Initiative and the Clean coastal erosion, increased Energy Future carbon price. sedimentation or pollution of coastal waters.
31 Chapter C Chapter Mineral and energy exploration Policies Principle 6 should be undertaken in 6.1 Support the development Strengthen the economic a sensitive manner that and expansion of mining minimises negative impacts on activities, processing and P potential of the region’s the environment, productive r support activities on mining in mineral and energy agricultural land, neighbouring leases and supporting c resources businesses and the community,
i infrastructure across the p including remote Aboriginal l region. es The Eyre and Western region communities. Remedial work Establish and maintain
is recognised as an important following exploration is required to 6.2 a
n frontier for mineral and energy return land to its pre-mining state. appropriate buffer distances d development in South Australia. Mine developers and operators between mining operations p A range of mining proposals and are being encouraged to develop and other land use activities. ol petroleum, oil and gas projects collaborative working relationships i Encourage mining operations
c 6.3 are underway within the region with councils, regional bodies and i to provide infrastructure es with oil and gas exploration communities to achieve the best and sustainable supplies of off the Great Australian Bight possible outcomes. power and water and use also offering potential for local these facilities to support the employment and socio-economic surrounding communities development. Careful planning and environment. will be required to ensure that development progresses in a 6.4 Facilitate the co-existence healthy, orderly and sustainable of mining with key food, manner. wine and fibre production to ensure long-term food security is not jeopardised.
6.5 Restore the ground disturbed by mining operations to a suitable standard and remediate sites to ensure suitability for proposed land uses, and to minimise negative impacts on the environment, native vegetation, agricultural activities, neighbouring land uses and the community.
32 Development Plans should 7.2 Protect current and potential Principle 7 recognise the varying site, aquaculture areas and Strengthen the infrastructure and environmental facilities from encroachment requirements of the aquaculture by incompatible and commercial fishing and and fishing industries. For sensitive uses (see Map D2). aquaculture industries example, operators may require Locate commercial boat- access to boat mooring and 7.3 launching facilities close to Areas of significant aquaculture loading facilities and industrial townships or in locations that development include Port Lincoln, land for net washing, processing, support marine aquaculture Coffin Bay, Ceduna and Cowell, waste management, diesel licences, and discourage with significant potential in storage and mechanical workshop boat launching across the Fitzgerald Bay, Whyalla, Tumby activities. Minimising the distance beach. Bay, Smoky Bay and Streaky between marine-based sites and Bay. There is also potential for processing facilities will increase 7.4 Locate land-based increased fish processing at Port efficiencies. Conversely, it is aquaculture development in Lincoln and Whyalla and new important that fishing and fish areas that minimise impacts processing operations at Arno processing facilities are located on the amenity of townships, 10 Bay and Port Neill. an appropriate distance from the natural environment Wild catch fishing has been part sensitive land uses so as not to and Aboriginal and non- of the region’s heritage for more have a detrimental impact. Aboriginal heritage. than a century. However, during Maintain a sustainable the past decade the traditional 7.5 Policies fishing and aquaculture fishing industry has largely Provide well-located land, industry supported by transferred its skills and innovation 7.1 supported by infrastructure, research facilities in Port into aquaculture. for processing facilities Lincoln. and include waste-disposal Support the fishing fleet with facilities and cleaning 7.6 a purpose-built facility and and storage areas in Port necessary infrastructure in Lincoln, Whyalla, Ceduna Port Lincoln. (including Denial Bay and Thevenard), Coffin Bay, Cowell, Arno Bay, Haslam, Port Neill, Smoky Bay, Tumby Bay and Streaky Bay.
10 Econsearch (2011) The Economic Impact of Aquaculture on the South Australian State and Regional Economies, 2009/20010, report prepared for PIRSA Aquaculture.
33 Chapter C Chapter The region has three tourism Policies Principle 8 ventures owned and operated by 8.1 Protect, enhance and Reinforce the region as Aboriginal people: Kuju Arts and promote the assets and Crafts in Port Lincoln, the Ceduna activities that attract tourists P a unique and diverse Aboriginal Arts and Culture r and that are of value to the in tourism destination Centre and Head of Bight whale community, including: c watching. Other opportunities i p The South Australian Tourism related to Aboriginal culture can `` open space and walking, l Commission (SATC) has identified es be realised through training, cycling and scenic trail the Eyre and Western region networks
education and infrastructure a as a key growth area, with n provision. `` sports and recreation d particular opportunities for tourism
There are three primary visitor infrastructure, adventure p development that capitalise on ol the region’s natural, scenic and information centres in the region and eco-tourism
i – at Whyalla, Port Lincoln and experiences c coastal assets, lifestyle and i Ceduna. To realise the region’s es recreation, mining and industry `` designated four-wheel tourism industry potential, future activities and Aboriginal and non- drive trails – especially development should protect and Aboriginal heritage. The region is in the Gawler Ranges build on the elements that draw also capitalising on the demand National Park for local, high-quality food and visitors to the region. beverage tourism.11 `` scenic landscapes and tourist drives
11 SA Food Centre (2009) Market summary of South Australian Seafood,
34 `` natural, rural and 8.2 Encourage the development 8.6 Ensure the natural coastal landscapes, the and co-location of value- granite rock formations marine environment and adding tourism experiences and attractions between associated infrastructure to existing activities Koongawa and Minnipa are including mining and viewed and visited in an `` national parks, industry, Aboriginal culture, ecologically sustainable way. conservation reserves aquaculture, agriculture and and wilderness protection Facilitate the development of food production – except 8.7 areas, including coastal Aboriginal tourism products where they adversely impact dunes and beaches to provide quality visitor on natural assets, community experiences and self- `` unique archaeological values or core economic determination for Aboriginal and geological features activities. people. `` heritage, cultural and built Ensure high-quality design 8.3 Strengthen the amenity and character of towns of developments to protect 8.8 character of townships by: scenic landscapes and `` visual arts and cultural productive coastal areas. `` encouraging development galleries and facilities in townships that is in Locate tourist `` restaurants, conference 8.4 keeping with the heritage, accommodation in venues, accommodation built character and culture appropriate places such and visitor services as townships and selected `` protecting town entrances `` caravan parks, campsites coastal sites. or gateways and motor homes Protect sensitive areas from `` retaining a functional and facilities. 8.5 indiscriminate activities by visual separation between designating camping areas towns. and controlling vehicle access.
35 Chapter C Chapter Policies `` ensure proximity to arterial Principle 9 road and rail freight 9.1 Provide, maintain and Provide and protect protect a supply of well-sited networks that minimise and serviced industrial land impacts on neighbouring P industrial land to meet areas r in Whyalla, Port Lincoln, in projected demand Ceduna, Tumby Bay, Cowell, `` enable access to required c
i Cummins, Cleve and energy and water.
p Industries supporting mining, l primary production and Wudinna. es 9.4 Use vacant industrial processing play a critical role Provide a supply of
9.2 land that is serviced by a in the regional economy by n well-sited and serviced infrastructure before new d providing local employment and industrial land to provide land is rezoned for industrial p strengthening the comparative opportunities for small-scale purposes. ol advantage of the region. Whyalla and local industries in towns i Ensure industrial c is the region’s major industrial hub, where there is sufficient 9.5 i es with Port Lincoln, Ceduna, Cleve, demand and where such development does not Cummins, Cowell and Wudinna developments would support compromise environmentally providing further opportunities for the desired town character. sensitive areas or draw on industrial investment. energy or water resources 9.3 Locate industrial land to: at the expense of the Where possible, industrial environment or community. activities are best located near `` manage interfaces with strategic freight routes, ports, residential areas and other 9.6 Retain and support defence major services and infrastructure. sensitive uses to ensure facilities by establishing Clustering of industries provides adequate protection from appropriate buffers to opportunities for economic noise, odour, dust, visual maintain public safety and service provision as well as and traffic intrusions minimise noise, vibrations containing potential environmental `` protect industry from and other disturbances. impacts. Identifying suitable encroachment by Support renewable energy sites for industrial activities and 9.7 residential and other non- and cleantech growth by ensuring appropriate zoning to industrial uses identifying and zoning meet demand will provide greater appropriately located land. certainty to potential investors, `` maximise the use of facilitate the economic provision existing and planned 9.8 Provide for facilities in of infrastructure, and protect the transport, infrastructure appropriate locations to amenity of sensitive land uses. and services support new markets, `` provide for future products or services for expansion recycled materials and animal and plant waste `` comply with Environment products. Protection Authority policies, codes of practice and guidelines
36 Principle 10 Policies 10.2 Reinforce township roles by: 10.1 Maintain and strengthen `` locating commercial uses Ensure commercial the commercial and service and services in town development supports roles of the following centres, main streets or town function townships: existing commercial zones `` Whyalla and Port Lincoln `` designing development Much of the Eyre and Western – the regional centres for consistent with desired region’s workforce is employed major retail, commercial, future character of the in the retail trade, health administrative, education, town or town area. care, education and training, health, justice and accommodation and food recreational activities 10.3 Ensure new commercial services sectors. The expansion developments do not expose of mining and tourism activities is `` Ceduna – a west-coast residents to unacceptable expected to increase employment focus for secondary noise or air pollution. in these sectors. retail, commercial, administrative, education, 10.4 Commercial areas proposed The vibrancy of the region and health and recreational outside town centres must how well it functions depend activities demonstrate that they: on it having a well planned mix `` will avoid adverse and balance of township roles `` Kimba, Cleve, Cowell, incremental or cumulative and functions. Focusing major Tumby Bay, Streaky impacts on existing town commercial activities in selected Bay and Cummins – centres towns supports the ongoing supporting commercial viability of these activities and and services centres `` are clustered rather than enables people to have access to `` Wudinna and Lock – linear developments and several services in one location. supporting rural services will not have an adverse This approach also supports the centres impact on the efficiency future provision of public transport and safety of arterial services in larger towns. `` Arno Bay and Streaky Bay roads – local and visitor services and retail centres `` are convenient and offer equitable access, `` Coffin Bay, Smoky Bay, including to pedestrians Venus Bay, Sceale Bay and cyclists and Elliston – centres for coastal living, fishing and `` support the desired future tourism character of the town `` Cowell – centre for `` are not using land of cultural, heritage and strategic importance to tourist activities. industry, agriculture or the environment.
37 Population, settlements and culture Chapter C Chapter Overview Changes to the region’s Estimated population growth population distribution are being patterns to the year 2020 – set South Australia’s Strategic Plan driven by a number of factors out in Table 1 below – reflect (SASP) seeks an increase in including the interstate and current and anticipated activities the state’s population so that it P intrastate migration of people in each council area of the Eyre r reaches 2 million by 2027 (Target in seeking a regional lifestyle as and Western region. As the 45). For the areas outside of c well as changing industry and region’s major cities, Whyalla
i Greater Adelaide, the SASP aims p employment demands. While and Port Lincoln are expected l to increase regional populations es overall population numbers to accommodate a significant by 20,000, to reach a total of at
have remained relatively static portion of the region’s projected a least 320,000 by 2020 (Target 46). n during the past decade, there growth, offering more employment These targets have been set to d have been significant changes and housing opportunities, and
p maximise sustainable economic in where people are choosing supported by well-established ol and cultural development for to live. Generally, people have health, community and education i South Australia and its people. c been moving away from rural services. i
es The distribution of this population areas and small settlements of growth is expected to vary across The demographic profile of the less than 1,000 people (with the the state and across regions. region has also changed, with an exception of coastal communities) ageing population and declining to larger towns of more than 1,000 numbers of young people. people. Larger centres such However, increasing economic as Port Lincoln have continued investment in the region and the to expand while Whyalla has expansion and diversification of experienced population growth its key industries is likely to assist after a sustained period of in attracting more young people decline. Between 2001 and and families to the region. These 2010, the centres with the highest changes will, in turn, drive housing population growth in the Eyre and demand. Western region were Whyalla, Port Lincoln and parts of the Lower Potential impacts on the region’s Eyre Peninsula. natural and environmental resources, biodiversity, its unique landscapes and character of communities as a result of these changing population patterns and related development will need to be carefully managed.
38 Population, settlements and culture Map C3
39 Chapter C Chapter Table 1 – Estimated population growth for Eyre and Western Region to 2026
Local Estimated Estimated Average Projected Projected Projected P r Government Resident Resident Annual Population Population Population in Area Population Population Growth in 2021 Change Growth c
i 1996 2010 Rate 1996- 2010-21 Rate 2010- p l 2010 (% pa) 21 (% pa) es
Ceduna DC 3 544 3 834 0.56 3 927 93 0.22 a n
d Cleve DC 1 939 1 916 -0.09 1 962 46 0.22 p
ol Elliston DC 1 257 1 154 -0.61 1 187 33 0.26 i c Franklin Harbour DC 1 228 1 369 0.78 1 364 -5 -0.03 i es Kimba DC 1 296 1 133 -0.96 1 141 8 0.06
Lower Eyre Peninsula 4 036 4 921 1.43 5 299 378 0.68
Maralinga Tjarutja 32 110 9.22 112 2 0.16 Aboriginal Community
Port Lincoln C 12 851 14 726 0.98 15 738 1 012 0.61
Streaky Bay DC 1 952 2 203 0.87 2 079 -124 -0.53
Tumby Bay DC 2 659 2 762 0.27 2 791 29 0.09
West Coast Uninc 647 496 -1.88 479 -17 -0.32
Whyalla C 24 371 23 214 -0.35 23 351 137 0.05
Wudinna DC 1 573 1 365 -1.01 1 255 -110 -0.76
Eyre and Western 57 385 59 203 0.22 60 685 1 482 0.23 Region
Sources: ABS Cat 3218.0, March 2011 and earlier issues and DPLG Population Projections at: sa.gov.au/planning/populationprojections
40 Ageing Aboriginal populations and The region’s three Aboriginal The average age of the region’s communities communities – Yalata, Koonibba, and Oak Valley on the Maralinga population is increasing. This is The Eyre and Western region has Tjarutja Lands – should be actively not just a reflection of the growing a significant Aboriginal population engaged in the preparation of number of older people but also (4.6 per cent compared to the Community Structure Plans to due to the loss of people aged state average of 1.7 per cent). Of guide appropriate land-use between 25 to 34 years. the regional centres, Whyalla has and funding decisions. Yalata the highest number of Aboriginal During the next 30 years, the is situated on the Eyre Highway people; however, Ceduna has the ageing of the population is about 200 kilometres west of highest proportion of Aboriginal expected to affect: Ceduna. It is home to a transient people per head of population, population of between 150 and housing densities and followed by Port Lincoln and 200 people on Aboriginal Lands occupancy rates (as some Whyalla. older people move into smaller Trust leasehold land. Koonibba is dwellings) located 43 kilometres northwest of Ceduna and its population demand for housing in varies from 120 to 200. Oak Valley townships (as retirees move – located 516 kilometres north- closer to health and community west of Ceduna – has a local services) population of 80 to 100. At times demand for a variety of of special cultural activities the specialist housing types, population of these communities including retirement housing can rise substantially. and independent and supported aged-care facilities demand for health services (especially during heatwaves).
41 Chapter C Chapter Housing Given the likely expansion Social infrastructure Generally, a growing economy, in demand for housing from To properly service the the affordability of housing relative workers attracted to mining and changing population, strategies, to metropolitan Adelaide and an associated industries, councils infrastructure and services are P are encouraged to regularly r appealing natural environment needed to attract and retain young in combine to make the Eyre and undertake: and working-age people. c
i Western region an attractive an audit of housing needs and p Social infrastructure demands l place in which to live. However, current supply to identify and include increased housing in es the availability of housing is of quantify gaps in supply, such the major regional centres to a some concern given changing as aged housing, workers’ support industrial development n demographic patterns across accommodation, affordable d and employment requirements.
the region. Demand calculations housing and Aboriginal housing p In more remote locations this ol should consider projected demographic analyses to is integral to attracting and i population figures and changing c ascertain future occupancy retaining staff. The region’s social i household profiles in determining es rates, dwelling sizes and design infrastructure needs include land and zoning requirements. requirements to determine health, education, libraries, housing and land requirements. community centres, childcare facilities and arts and cultural Generally, about a quarter of facilities. Sport clubs and facilities occupied housing in the region is are often integral to the social rental accommodation. A shortage fabric of regional communities of suitable accommodation and recreational facilities, are has pushed up rental rates important for the physical and significantly in Whyalla and Port social health of a community. Lincoln. High demand coupled Broadband access outside major with a lack of suitable housing, centres is essential to deliver higher building costs compared distance learning, enhance to the metropolitan area, and business development and difficulties in obtaining finance growth, facilitate social interaction are major factors contributing and so help to make remote to this shortage in rental locations more desirable places in accommodation. which to live.
42 As the western Eyre Peninsula’s Development of islands, Principle 11 major commercial service centre, such as Boston Island, must Plan and manage Ceduna should be a focus for consider specific infrastructure facilities and services, while requirements (for example, water township growth, and accommodating population usage), aquaculture-related factors develop Structure Plans for growth. It should also have a and the natural environment. key growth centres supply of serviced industrial land. The smaller rural centres of Tumby Policies Structure plans to guide orderly Bay, Streaky Bay, Cummins, Prepare Structure Plans and sustainable development of 11.1 Wudinna, Kimba, Lock, Cleve and for key growth centres to townships should be undertaken Cowell all have well-developed promote orderly and efficient for key growth centres including shopping and agricultural service development. Whyalla and Port Lincoln. precincts. Structure Plans may Whyalla contains two major retail also be undertaken for townships 11.2 Townships should centres and several smaller such as these to guide future consolidate development neighbourhood centres. It is also development. and population growth within existing boundaries to: the regional centre for health and Larger centres, including Streaky education, as well as the base for Bay, Elliston, and Cowell should `` encourage pedestrian several state and Commonwealth seek to retain and protect their and cyclist movement, government agencies. coastal features and character, accessibility to goods Opportunities for medium-density and promote development in and services while housing and some apartments, harmony with their natural and reducing the population’s where appropriate, should be built heritage. Arno Bay, Smoky vulnerability to increased encouraged in the built up city Bay, Tumby Bay and Coffin fuel and transport costs with staged expansions to the Bay should continue to develop west and redevelopment and infill `` protect important service and infrastructure support scenic and natural within existing residential areas. for the aquaculture industry. The city is able to support this landscapes and areas Kimba, Wudinna, Port Neill of environmental and with a wide range of educational, and Ceduna may also need retail and commercial facilities primary production to accommodate export and significance and community services. processing facilities associated Port Lincoln has a similar range with any discoveries resulting from `` minimise land use of facilities and also offers an mining exploration. Coastal shack conflicts between farming opportunity for medium-density areas should be rationalised and and industry activities and apartment-style dwellings, subject not expanded to ensure people residential development to demand. The city has a strong and property are not unduly `` consolidate infrastructure focus on education, aquaculture exposed to hazards. and services and commercial fishing development and a wide range `` promote desired town of retail and commercial facilities character and a ‘sense of and community services. place’.
43 Chapter C Chapter 11.3 Structure Plans should: 12.3 Manage interfaces between Principle 12 residential, commercial, bulk `` support desired town handling and industrial areas character Design towns to and town centres to avoid
P `` encourage higher-density be sustainable and potential conflicts. r
in residential and mixed use provide safe, healthy, 12.4 Provide strong links and c development to support accessible, and appealing i promote accessibility p town function l environments between all parts of a town. es `` ensure new areas
12.5 Prevent crime through use a strategically extend The Eyre and Western region’s n of environmental design existing built-up areas townships should promote a d (CPTED) principles.
strong local identity and “sense p `` identify industrial, ol of place”. They should also Integrate and protect commercial and 12.6 i encourage participation in the landscaping, green spaces c aquaculture land to meet i environment, through recreation es and biodiversity assets future industry needs and sporting facilities, open where appropriate. `` prevent residential space, infrastructure and services Support active lifestyles and encroachment on areas of that promote healthy and active 12.8 choices by: economic, ecological or lifestyles. Such measures may cultural importance also contribute to improved `` providing a range of business activity and community quality open spaces, `` facilitate equitable access interaction, as well as boosting sport and recreation to, and the cost-effective tourism. facilities in towns provision of, infrastructure providing walking and and services Policies cycling facilities for `` propose zones, recreational and transport 12.1 Retain town centres as the infrastructure and focus of retail, commercial, uses services necessary for recreational, entertainment, `` increasing the range of economic and community community and civic unstructured recreational development activities. facilities and activities `` encourage water and available for young people 12.2 Consolidate health, energy efficiency. community, education, sport and recreation services and facilities in towns to improve accessibility and support environmental targets.
44 Policies 13.7 Provide at least 15 per cent Principle 13 affordable housing, including 13.1 Ensure there is an ongoing Provide residential land supply of land available for five per cent for high needs residential development. housing, in all new significant and diverse, affordable housing developments. and sustainable housing 13.2 Locate higher density Encourage affordable to meet current and housing near town centres in 13.8 towns identified for growth, housing through innovative future needs in particular Whyalla and products, funding Port Lincoln. arrangements and joint While the region has an adequate ventures between the not-for- supply of zoned land to meet 13.3 Ensure that appropriately profit and private sectors. housing needs in the short serviced towns provide a and medium term, anticipated range of housing types and 13.9 Provide for culturally demographic changes will require densities to cater for the appropriate, quality housing additional supplies. region’s changing population to support local Aboriginal populations in townships People have different housing demographics and to enable people to stay in their and Koonibba, Oak Valley needs and preferences and Yalata communities, in depending upon their age, health, communities as their housing needs change. accordance with Community income, lifestyle and cultural Structure Plans. background. Areas providing 13.4 Provide a range of for a diversity of housing types accommodation for older to cater to these preferences people and people with a need to be identified across the disability, and focus high- region. Such land should not be level care accommodation in subdivided in advance of demand towns with health services. and the provision of adequate infrastructure and services. 13.5 Encourage the provision of public and social housing in The supply of housing across the regional centres and other region should reflect demographics towns that provide adequate requirements, including: services. increasing older residents and Encourage provision the consequent need for aged 13.6 of rental housing and housing and residential aged accommodation, including in care caravan parks, in locations increases in working-age where there is high demand families coming for employment for temporary or seasonal opportunities in the mining sector workers. appropriate and affordable housing for Aboriginal people.
45 Chapter C Chapter Policies 14.6 Develop partnerships Principle 14 between Aboriginal 14.1 Undertake cultural audits to Identify and protect places identify highly valued: traditional owners and state and local government to
P of heritage and cultural `` places of interest facilitate engagement during r in significance, and desired `` cultural facilities planning processes. c town character i p `` town character l es Aboriginal people have a `` heritage places and items.
deep and intrinsic relationship a n with the coast, landforms, 14.2 Identify, protect and d watercourses, plants and animals. conserve places and items p Non-indigenous cultures have of local, state and national ol also developed a distinctive heritage and cultural i c connection with the land with significance (both Aboriginal i es histories that have shaped the and non-Aboriginal). townships and informed places, 14.3 Promote the desired items and customs in the region. character of towns to guide Councils are encouraged to design of buildings, public undertake cultural audits of places and gateways. Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Maximise and increase the heritage, values, customs, places 14.4 quality of public spaces, and of interest, desired town character demand excellence in the across the region to help identify design of the public realm. particular items and places that should be registered, protected 14.5 Locate flexible, multi- and managed for the future. purpose and diverse Such a survey would increase facilities in regional centres the understanding of Aboriginal to accommodate creative heritage, history and values and and performing arts pursuits. ensure they are reflected planning Low-impact, smaller scale and development decisions. facilities, such as art and craft galleries may be suitable in other locations, particularly where linked to tourist-related activities or areas.
46 appendices
47 appendix 1 How the draft Plan was developed APPE Figure 1.1 – The planning process N
D Compile background data Indigenous organisations, and SA government agencies I Stage CE Input from councils, regional development boards Output
S (RDBs) (now regional development Australia (RDA)), Issues paper, resource atlas 1 natural resources management (NRM) boards,
Interpret and analyse Synthesis and analysis - DPLG (now DPTI) in discussion Stage with councils, RDBs, NRM, Indigenous organisations and Confirm issues and priorities with councils SA Government agencies Workshop 1 - Wudinna - SWOT analysis and map vision Workshop 2 - Adelaide - SWOT revision and refine vision Output 2 SWOT summary, vision maps, areas of focus
Stage Test and refine Output Draft Eyre and Western Region Plan (includes maps DPLG (now DPTI) confirm with councils the spatial representing preferred future vision for the region and vision and determine priorities; then test priorities strategic priorities to guide actions) against strategic objectives and key government 3 directions
Stage Prepare final draft Output Updated draft Eyre and Western Region Plan forwarded Present draft Eyre and Western Region Plan to to Minister for Planning for consideration to release for workshop 1 and 2 participants and seek feedback 4 public consultation
Stage Release and consult Output Feedback from community consultation considered Publicly release draft Eyre and Western Region Plan 5 and seek feedback from community and industry
Stage Finalise and release Output Eyre and Western Region Plan forwarded to Minister for Refine draft Eyre and Western Region Plan based Planning for consideration for approval to gazette 6 on feedback
48 49 appendix 2 Contribution of the Eyre and Western Region Plan to South Australia’s Strategic Plan targets APPE Table 2.1 – Linkages with South Australia’s Strategic Plan (2011) N
D Eyre and Western Region Plan principles South Australia’s Strategic Plan (2011) targets I CE
S Environment and sustainability
1. Recognise, protect and restore the region’s Target 59 – Greenhouse gas emission reductions environmental assets Target 64 – Renewable energy 2. Protect people, property and the environment from Target 69 – Lose no species exposure to hazards Target 71 – Marine biodiversity 3. Increase the capacity of the region to adapt and Target 75 – Sustainable water use become resilient to the impacts of climate change 4. Create the conditions for the region to adapt and become resilient to the impacts of climate change
Economic development
4 Protect and build on the region’s strategic Target 4 – Tourism industry infrastructure Target 35 – Economic growth 5 Protect and strengthen the economic potential of the Target 36 – Labour productivity region’s primary production land Target 37 – Total exports 6 Strengthen the economic potential of the region’s Target 39 – Competitive business climate mineral and energy resources Target 41 – Minerals exploration 7 Strengthen the commercial fishing and aquaculture industries Target 42 – Minerals production and processing 8 Reinforce the region as a unique and diverse tourism Target 43 – Defence industry destination Target 47 - Jobs 9 Provide and protect industrial land to meet projected Target 49 – Unemployment demand Target 51 - Aboriginal unemployment 10 Ensure commercial development supports town Target 53 – Aboriginal employees function Target 56 – Strategic infrastructure Target 57 – Broadband access Target 67 – Zero waste Target 70 – Sustainable land management Target 95 – Industry collaboration, research and development Target 96 – Public research and expenditure Target 97 – University research income Target 98 – Business research expenditure
50 Eyre and Western Region Plan principles South Australia’s Strategic Plan (2011) targets
Population, settlements and culture
11 Plan and manage township growth, and develop Target 3 – Cultural vibrancy – arts activities Structure Plans for key growth centres Target 5 - Multiculturalism 12 Design towns to be sustainable and provide safe, Target 6 – Aboriginal wellbeing healthy, accessible, appealing and active environments Target 7 – Affordable housing 13 Provide residential land and diverse, affordable and Target 8 – Housing stress sustainable housing to meet current and future needs Target 9 – Aboriginal housing 14 Identify and protect places of heritage and cultural significance, and desired town character Target 10 – Homelessness Target 11 – Housing for people with disabilities Target 17 – State-wide crime rates Target 22 – Road safety Target 27 – Understanding of Aboriginal culture Target 28 – Aboriginal leadership Target 45 – Total population Target 46 – Regional population levels Target 60 – Energy efficiency - dwellings Target 61 – Energy efficiency – government buildings Target 63 – Use of public transport Target 78 – Healthy South Australians Target 82 – Healthy weight Target 83 – Sport and recreation Target 79 – Aboriginal healthy life expectancy Target 86 – Psychological wellbeing Target 99 – Cultural engagement – institutions
The updated South Australia’s The 2011 SASP contains new Strategic Plan (SASP) was objectives and targets to reflect released in 2011. The review team needs and priorities highlighted undertook significant community during the consultation process. engagement and consultation More details regarding the to improve understanding of the consultation process, changes to Plan’s contents, provide updates the SASP and the SASP itself can on progress towards SASP be found at www.saplan.org.au. targets, foster partnerships, and obtain input from interest groups, The table above identifies links community organisations and between the Eyre and Western individuals about what they would Region Plan and South Australia’s like to see reflected in the SASP. Strategic Plan (2011).
51 APPE N D I CE S
52 glossary
53 glossary glo Acid sulfate soils The common name given to naturally occurring soils containing iron sulfides ssary (predominantly pyrite). When exposed to oxygen due to drainage, excavation or disturbance, they produce sulfuric acid and trigger the release of iron, aluminium and heavy metals. Once mobilised, the acid and minerals can kill vegetation, destroy building materials and seep into wetlands, killing fish and other aquatic organisms.
Affordable housing Affordable housing is housing that is appropriate to the needs of households with low and moderate incomes (that is, up to 120 per cent of gross annual median income). The indicative affordable house purchase price for these groups in Greater Adelaide, Roxby Downs, Mount Gambier, Murray Bridge, Port Augusta, Port Pirie, Whyalla and Port Lincoln – currently $288,000 – is determined by the affordability indicators gazetted on 12 October 2010 or as amended from time to time under the Development Act 1993 and South Australian Housing Trust (General) Regulations 1995. The indicative affordable house purchase price for all areas in the State of South Australia, other than those mentioned above, is currently $244,000.
Biodiversity The variety of life in all its forms and at all levels of organisation, as well as the ecological and evolutionary processes through which genes, species and ecosystems interact with one another and with their environment.
Biota All of the organisms at a particular locality.
Bioregion Relatively large land areas characterised by broad, landscape-scale natural features and environmental processes that influence the functions of entire ecosystems
Carbon The general term used for the capture and long-term storage of carbon dioxide. sequestration Capture can occur at the point of emission (for example from power plants) or through natural processes (such as photosynthesis), which remove carbon dioxide from the earth's atmosphere and which can be enhanced by appropriate management practices.
Climate change A change in the state of the climate that can be identified by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties, and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer (The Garnaut Climate Change Review, 2008).
54 Community Community Structure Plans provide a strategic framework for the consideration Structure Plan of land-use planning and development in Aboriginal communities, which are generally in unincorporated (out of council) areas in rural or remote parts of the state. They are non-statutory documents intended to guide decision-making by the landholding authority, the community and the development authority.
Density Density is a measure of the population (persons) or the number of dwelling units in a given area.
Development Development Plans should seek to promote the provisions of the Planning Strategy Plans and may set out to include planning or development objectives or principles. They are the principal document in South Australia used to assess development.
Growth areas Areas identified for urban expansion that will be subject to further intensive investigations and public consultation.
ICT Information and communication technology.
Intermodal The movement of goods in one and the same loading unit or road vehicle, which uses successively two or more modes of transport without handling the goods themselves in changing modes. By extension, the term ‘intermodality’ has been used to describe a system of transport whereby two or more modes of transport are used to transport the same loading unit or truck in an integrated manner, without loading or unloading, in a door-to-door transport chain.
Remediation To top treat, contain, remove or manage chemical substances so that they no longer represent an actual or potential risk to human health or the environment, taking into account the current and intended land use of the site.
Rural living Large residential allotments outside towns that allow for minor primary production activity.
Site Contamination Deemed to exist if introduced chemical substances are present on or below the surface of a site above background concentrations, and the presence of the chemical substances in those concentrations results in actual or potential harm to human health, or the environment or to water (surface or underground).
55 glo Strategic The Local Government Act 1999 requires councils to apply a strategic approach ssary Management Plans in all actions they undertake through the preparation of Strategic Management Plans. These plans articulate council goals and objectives and the vision for the community and are intended to complement the regional volumes of the South Australian Planning Strategy.
Sustainable Forms of development that meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.
Water security Water security has been taken to mean the availability of an appropriate quantity of water at an appropriate quality to meet the needs of the community. This includes the provision of potable and fit-for-purpose water supplies, collection and treatment of wastewater and the management of stormwater and groundwater resources.
Water-sensitive Water-sensitive urban design (WSUD) is an approach to urban planning and urban design design that integrates the management of the total water cycle into the urban development process. It includes: the integrated management of groundwater, surface run-off (including stormwater), drinking water and wastewater to protect water-related environmental, recreational and cultural values the storage, treatment and beneficial use of run-off the treatment and re-use of wastewater using vegetation for treatment purposes, water-efficient landscaping and enhancing biodiversity using water-saving measures inside and outside domestic, commercial, industrial and institutional premises to minimise requirements for drinking and non-drinking water supplies.
WSUD incorporates all water resources, including surface water, groundwater, urban and roof run-off, and wastewater.
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