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Index

Note to the Reader: Throughout this index boldfaced page numbers indicate primary discussions of a topic. Italicized page numbers indicate illustrations.

Active Server Pages (ASP) Symbols basics, 277–279 as interpreted language, 692 − (minus sign) parameter in Alta Vista ActiveX Data Objects (ADO) searches, 364 and ASP, 278–279 @ symbol in e-mail addresses, 391–392 defined, 728 + (plus sign) parameter in Alta Vista ActiveX technology, 441–443 searches, 363 adapters, defined, 728 tag color attributes, listed, 602 address books, for e-mail, 393 tags, 604–606 Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

tags, 633–635, 636 defined, 728 tags, 653 described, 135 tags, 653 Internet layer and, 165
tags attribute values, 592–593 addresses. See also IP addresses tags, 576 address books for e-mail, 393 tags, 656 e-mail address availability, 401–402 <PRE> tags, 580–581 addressing. See IP addressing <STYLE> tags in CSS, 667 ADO (ActiveX Data Objects) and ASP, 278–279 defined, 728 A Adobe Acrobat Reader, 454–458, 456, acceptable use policies, 728 458 access control lists (ACLs), defined, 217 Advanced Research Projects Agency Network access controls (ARPANET), history, 38, 38–39 with FTP, 224 adware, defined, 728 and server accounts, 218 AIFF (Audio Interchange File Format), 460 to web sites, 217 COPYRIGHTEDAlexa, MATERIAL 368 Acrobat Reader, 454–458, 456, 458 aliases, 218 ACTION attribute, 634 all-subnets-directed broadcast addresses, 178 active content. See also media and ALT attribute active content labeling images and, 598–599 defined, 306, 439 using in HTML, 597</p><p>758 Alta Vista – background colors in HTML</p><p>Alta Vista assembly language, 439 advanced search techniques, 363–365, 365 Assessment Text, xxxiv–lii basic search techniques, 358–360 asymmetric-key encryption, 505–506, 506 graphic searches, 373, 373 asynchronous, defined, 729 performing keyword searches, asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), 89–91, 91 358–359, 359 asynchronous vs. synchronous using Boolean operators with, 360–362 transmission, 106 America Online client application, 304 attachments to e-mail analog, defined, 728 basics, 406–408, 408 analog modems, defined, 47 security scanning, 498 anchor, defined, 728 attributes anchor tags, 607–609 <BODY> tag color attributes, listed, 602 AND/OR operators in Alta Vista searches, alignment attributes for table 364–365, 365 elements, 631 anonymous access, defined, 217 changing attribute values in anonymous FTP <HR> tags, 592–593 anonymous FTP sites, 409 changing fonts attributes in defined, 728 HTML, 604–606 Apache web server, 241–242 HTML attributes, listed, 702–725 Apple QuickTime, 449–450 tags and, 570 applets, defined, 728 TEXTAREA element attributes, Application layer, 162–164 listed, 642 application-level gateways, 490, 729 WARP attribute, 643 application program interface (API), AU, 460, 729 defined, 271 Audio Interchange File Format (AIFF), 460 Archie, 376–377 auditing, and network security, 485–486 architecture, of databases, 261, 261–262 authentication ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) e-commerce and, 528 defined, 728 network security and, 486 described, 135 smart cards and, 538 Internet layer and, 165 arp command, 190 ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects B Agency Network), history, 38, 38–39 Ask.com search features, 368, 369 backbones ASP (Active Server Pages) defined, 17, 730 basics, 277–279 described, 54 as interpreted language, 692 background colors in HTML, 601–603</p><p> bandwidth, defined – C++ 759</p><p> bandwidth, defined, 4, 44 browser cache, 322–326, 324–325 BASE targets, 657–658 browser plug-ins base two arithmetic, 41 document viewers, 454–459 baseband transmission method, 108 Acrobat Reader, 454–458, 456, 458 bastions PowerPoint Viewer, 458–459 defined, 730 multimedia players, 451–454, 452, 454 dual-homed bastions, 494, 494–495 streaming media, 445–459 single-homed bastions, 493, 493–494 basics, 445–446 Bayonet Neill-Concelman (BNC) connectors, questions about using, 446–447 103, 104 streaming media players, 447–451, 449 Berners-Lee, Tim, 562 browsers. See web browsers binary files brute-force attacks, 481 defined, 730 buffers, defined, 222 and FTP, 409–410 bus topology binary numbers, and IP addresses, 41–42 basics, 12–14, 14 BinHex, 407 converting from bus to star networks, 15–16 bitmap, defined, 461, 730 business block-level elements. See also paragraph business process/functionality design in formatting in HTML e-commerce, 546 defined, 730 business rules or business logic, 260 HTML, 582–583 businesses vs. text-level elements, 576 business-to-business model of BNC connectors, 103, 104 e-commerce, 528 bookmarks, 326–331, 327, 329–330 business-to-consumer model of Boolean operators e-commerce, 528–529 AND/OR operators, 364–365, 365 extranets and, 9 NEAR operators, 366–368, 367 installing bus networks in small AND NOT operators, 366–368, 367 offices, 13–14 web searches and, 360, 361, 362 intranets and, 8 boot sector, defined, 484 Linux use and, 24 boot sector viruses, 484 BOOTstrap Protocol (BOOTP), 164 bridges, 94, 94 C British Naval Connector (BNC), 103, 104 broadband routers, defined, 500 C, 439, 690 broadband transmission method, 108 C++ broadcast addresses, 177–178 as compiled language, 690 brouters, 95 and object-oriented programming, 439–440</p><p>760 cable modems – client/server model</p><p> cable modems the Internet, 37 connecting to the Internet with, 50–51 Internet security, 475 defined, 731 internetworking servers, 209 caching servers, 235–236, 731 LANs and WANs, 77 Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision media and active content, 437 Detection (CSMA/CD), 83 networking basics, 1 Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), 663–669 OSI reference model, 123 basics, 663–664 TCP/IP protocol, 157 browser compatibility and, 669 web search engines, 349 creating embedded, 667 web servers and databases, 257 CSS1 the World Wide Web, 301, 306–307 CSS1 and CSS2 declarations, 665 exam registration, xxxii CSS1 and HTML, 666 exam tips, xxxii–xxxiii CSS1 terminology, 664, 664–666 general exam topics for, xxv, 2 declaring inline styles, 666–667, 667 web site for CIW, 58 defined, 565 CGI (Common Gateway Interface), 271–275 imported, 668 advantages and disadvantages, 272–274 linking to external style sheets, 668 basics, 271–272, 272 case sensitivity real world scenario, 274–275 CSS1 and CSS2 declarations and, 665 Channel Service Unit/Data (or Digital) Service tags and, 570 Unit (CSU/DSU), 97–98, 98 cash model, 536–537 check boxes in HTML forms, 640 catalogue servers, 239 check model, 537 CD-ROM that comes with this book, circles, defining in HTML, 647–648, 648 contents, xxx–xxxi circuit-level gateways, 489, 489, 732 certificate servers, 236–237 CIW program. See Certified Internet Certified Internet Webmaster (CIW) program Webmaster (CIW) program Basic program, xxv–xxix Class A addresses, 175–176 CIW associate, xxv–xxvi Class B addresses, 176 Master CIW Administrator, xxvii–xxviii Class C addresses, 176 Master CIW designer, xxvii Class D addresses, 176 Other CIW certifications, xxviii–xxix Class E addresses, 176 exam objectives classes of Internet addresses, 175–176 e-commerce, 524, 526 client/server model e-mail and other clients, 389 in databases, 260–263, 261 HTML, advanced, 623 described, 5, 5–7, 732 HTML, basic, 561, 567 on the Internet, 44–45, 45</p><p> client/server vs. peer-to-peer networks – copyrights 761</p><p> client/server vs. peer-to-peer networks, 10 color blindness, and web page client-side scripting, 268 colors, 604 combining with server-side scripting, 269 colors, specifying in HTML, 600–604 defined, 633 changing colors and backgrounds, 603 clients (Internet) page colors and backgrounds, 601–602 configuring for e-mail, 394–397, 395–396 web-safe color palette, 600–601 exam preparation, 426–428 columns FTP, 409–414 creating frames with, 654–656 basics, 409–410 spanning in tables, 632 downloading files with, 410–413, 412 comments, hiding in HTML code, 589 uploading files with, 413–414, 414 commerce. See also e-commerce newsgroups, 414–425 traditional vs. electronic, 528 basics, 415 Common Gateway Interface configuring with <a href="/tags/Outlook_Express/" rel="tag">Outlook Express</a>, (CGI), 271–275 418–420, 419 advantages and disadvantages, 272–274 etiquette, 417–418 basics, 271–272, 272 Google Groups, 420–423, 421–422 real world scenario, 274–275 newsgroup hierarchy, 415–417 Common Object Request Broker Architecture Telnet, 423–425, 425 (COBRA), described, 281 review questions and answers, 429–436 companies selecting for e-mail, 393–394 extranets and, 9 summary, 425–426 installing bus networks in small coax. See coaxial cable offices, 13–14 coaxial cable, 102–104, 104, 732 intranets and, 8 coding HTML, 568–589. See also paragraph Linux use and, 24 formatting in HTML compiled languages <META> tags, 576 basics, 690–691 adding hidden comments, 589 defined, 273 document structure tags, 571–572 computers. See PCs Document Type Declaration connection-oriented protocols, 131–132 (DTD), 573–575 connectionless protocols, 132 good coding practice, 589 container tags, 569 lists, 586–588 cookies, 509–510 markup tags, 569–571 copyrights text-level elements, 583–586 copyright protection with JavaScript, 672 ColdFusion, 283 e-commerce and, 541–543 collaborative computing, copyright law, 542–543 defined, 8 defined, 541, 733</p><p>762 corporations – databases and web servers</p><p>Information Infrastructure Task customs, and e-commerce, 533 Force (IITF), 542 Cyclical Redundancy Check (CRC), World Intellectual Property Organization 130–131 (WIPO), 542 corporations extranets and, 9 D intranets and, 8 country codes daemon, defined, 211 TLDs and, 61–62 data web site for list of, 60 data alignment in tables, 629–631, 630 country-specific encryption data management, and e-commerce, 527 standards, 507–508 data validation, defined, 268 CPU, and networking speed, 130 transmitted data security, 503–511 crackers cookies, 509–510 vs. hackers, 477 digital certificates, 510–511 Internet security and, 477–478 encryption, 504–506, 504–508 CRC (Cyclical Redundancy Check), secure web forms, 508–509 130–131 SSL, 508 credit model, 537 Data Link Control (DLC), 137 CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/ databases Collision Detection), 83 architecture, 261, 261–262 CSS (Cascading Style Sheets), 663–669 defined, 733 basics, 663–664 databases and web servers, 258–299 browser compatibility and, 669 CGI, 271–275 creating embedded, 667 advantages and disadvantages, CSS1 272–274 CSS1 and HTML, 666 basics, 271–272, 272 CSS1 terminology, 664, 664–666 real world scenario, 274–275 declaring inline styles, 666–667, 667 client-side scripting, 268–271 defined, 565 database connectivity, 284–285 imported, 668 databases, 258–267 linking to external style sheets, 668 basics, 258–259 CSS1 client/server model, 5–6, 260–263, 261 and HTML, 666 database management systems terminology, 664, 664–666 (DBMS), 264–267 CSU/DSU (Channel Service Unit/Data reliability, 263–264 (or Digital) Service Unit), 97–98, 98 transactions, 260 currencies, international, 535 exam preparation, 286–290</p><p> datagrams – document viewers 763</p><p> gateways for web servers, 267–271 defined, 734 review questions and answers, 291–299 vs. search engines, 351–352 Server Application Programming Interfaces directory servers, 237–239 (SAPIs), 275–276 distributed computing. See client/server model server-side scripting technologies, distributed denial-of-service attack 276–283 (DDoS), 480 Active Server Pages (ASP), 277–279 distributions, defined, 24 ColdFusion, 283 dithering, defined, 601, 734 HTML, 279–280 DLC (Data Link Control), 137 Java and Java servlets, 280–282 DLL (dynamic link library), 275 JavaServer Pages (JSP), 282, 282–283 DMZs (demilitarized zones), 495, 495 Personal Home Page (PHP), 279 DNS (Domain Name System), 58–63 Server-Side JavaScript (SSJS), 277 Application layer and, 163 summary, 286 described, 58–59 datagrams. See also packets syntax, 59–60, 60 defined, 128 top-level domains, 60–63 DBMS (database management DNS (Domain Name System) servers, systems), 264–267, 266 226–234 DDoS (distributed denial-of-service components, 230 attack), 480 DNS hierarchy, 229, 229–230 demilitarized zones (DMZs), 495, 495 hosts file, 227–228 demultiplexing, 167, 167 records, 231–234 denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, 479–480 server types, 231 design/development project cycle, 545–548 document file formats, 461–463 DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration HTML, 462 Protocol) RTF, 462–463 Application layer and, 164 text files, 462 IP addressing and, 181–183, 182 Document Object Model (DOM), 673–674 DHTML (Dynamic HTML), 672–673 document structure dial-up connections, 48–49 tags, 571–572 dictionary programs, defined, 505 tree structure of SML documents, 676, digital certificates 676–677 basics, 510–511 Document Type Declaration (DTD) defined, 508 HTML and, 573–575 digital, defined, 734 XML documents and, 677–678 Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), 51 document viewers, 445, 454–459 direct routing, defined, 168–169 Acrobat Reader, 454–458, 456, 458 directories PowerPoint Viewer, 458–459 764 DOM (Document Object Model) – e-mail</p><p>DOM (Document Object Model), 673–674 multi-language support, 534 Domain Name System. See DNS (Domain payment processing, 536–538 Name System) security, 538–539 domain names, registering, 63–65 SET, 530–532 dongles, defined, 92 solutions, 539–540 DoS (denial-of-service) attacks, 479–480 types, 528–529 dotted quad, defined, 42 visitor tracking, 534–535 download time copyrights, 541–542 browser caches and, 323 exam preparation, 550–552 disabling images and, 331–335 licensing, 543–544 draft protocol state, 159–160 project management, 544–549 DSL (Digital Subscriber Line), 51 described, 544–545 DTD (Document Type Declaration) design/development project HTML and, 572, 573–575 cycle, 545–548 XML documents and, 677–678 further considerations, 548–549 dual-homed bastions, 494, 494–495 scope and scope creep, 545 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol review questions and answers, 553–559 (DHCP) summary, 549 Application layer and, 164 trademarks, 544 IP addressing and, 181–183, 182 e-mail, 390–408 Dynamic HTML (DHTML), 672–673 attachments, 406–408, 408 dynamic link library (DLL), 275 basics, 390–392 dynamic routers, defined, 170 e-mail signatures, 404–405 exam preparation, 426–428 privacy, 405–406 E protocols, 56 review questions and answers, 429–436 E-carrier system, 110 sending and receiving, 392–399 e-commerce, 524–559 address books, 393 basics, 526–540 basics, 392–393 advantages of, 532–533 configuring clients, 394–397, defined, 527 395–396 EDI, 529–530 copying messages, 399 electronic vs. traditional commerce, 528 receiving, 398, 398 international currencies, 535 selecting clients, 393–394 international shipping and supply, sending, 397, 397–398 535–536 summary, 425–426 issues in, 533–534 web-based e-mail, 399–403 Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) – exercises 765</p><p> address availability, 401–402 Internet security, 512–515 determining senders, 400–401 internetworking servers, 244–247 netiquette, 402–403 LANs and WANs, 111–115 Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), media and active content, 464–466 529–530 networking basics, 26–28 elements OSI/RM, 145–147 HTML elements and attributes, TCP/IP, 194–197 listed, 701–725 web search engines, 379–381 of tags, 570 the World Wide Web, 339–340 embedded files, 444 executables viruses, 484 embedded style sheets, creating, 667 exercises empty tags, 569 domain names, reading, 63 Encapsulated PostScript (EPS), 460–461 e-mail encryption, 504–506, 504–508 attachments to e-mails with Outlook asymmetric-key encryption, 505–506, 506 Express, 407–408, 408 country-specific encryption standards, creating e-mail signatures, 404 507–508 FTP servers, accessing and downloading defined, 504 files, 411–413, 412 one-way encryption, 506–507 Google Groups as news clients, 420–423, Pretty Good Privacy (PGP), 507 421–422 symmetric-key encryption, 504, 504–505 library databases, accessing with Telnet, end-to-end layer. See Transport layer 424–425, 425 enterprise networks, 12 Outlook Express, configuring as a news ephemeral port numbers, defined, 174 client, 418–420, 419 EPS (Encapsulated PostScript), 460–461 Outlook Express, configuring as an errors, “Undefined Object Error”, 674 e-mail client, 391–396, 395–396 Ethernet, 82–83 Outlook Express, configuring signature etiquette for newsgroups, 417–418 files in, 405 exam preparation Outlook Express, configuring to send (HTML) Hypertext Markup Language, e-mail, 397, 397 613–615 Outlook Express, receiving mail with, Assessment Text, xxxiv–lii 398, 398 databases and web servers, 286–290 HTML e-commerce, 550–552 assigning attribute values in e-mail and other clients, 426–428 <HR> tags, 592–593 HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), changing page colors and advanced, 679–681 backgrounds, 603 the Internet, 66–68 fonts, changing attributes, 604–606 766 exercises – exercises</p><p> frames, creating, 654–656 keyword searches, 359, 359 images, incorporating into Web keywords, combining with quotation pages, 595 marks, 359–360 images as links, 609–611 minus sign (−) parameter in images, labeling with the ALT Alta Vista, 364 attribute, 598 plus sign (+) parameter in Alta Vista, JavaScript, incorporating into web 363–365 pages, 671 quotation marks, using with search lists, creating, 587–588 engines, 359–360 local text hyperlinks, creating, static index searches, 357, 357 607–608 World Wide Web simple HTML pages, creating, 575 bookmarks, creating in <a href="/tags/Internet_Explorer/" rel="tag">Internet Explorer</a>, simple tables, creating, 626–629, 328–330, 329–330 626–629 bookmarks, creating in Netscape simple web forms, creating, 638–643 Navigator, 327, 327–328 text, indenting and centering, 582 browser cache, configuring with Internet text-level formatting tags, 585–586 Explorer, 325–326, 326 using HTML headings, 579–580 browser cache, configuring with web pages, creating in GUI editors, Netscape Navigator, 324, 661–662 324–325 media and active content font size, configuring in Internet downloading Acrobat Reader, Explorer, 315 455–457, 456 font size, configuring in Netscape downloading and installing Shockwave Navigator, 314 and Flash, 451–453, 452 home pages, setting with Internet downloading and viewing PDF files, Explorer, 318, 318–319 457–458, 458 home pages, setting with Netscape NICs, binding network protocols to, Navigator, 316–317, 317 142–145, 143, 144 image loading, controlling with safety levels on Internet Explorer, 502–503, Internet Explorer, 333–335, 502–503 334–335 TCP/IP image loading, controlling with identifying IP configuration and Netscape Navigator, 332–333, hardware addresses, 189, 189 332–333 ping command, 184–185, 185 linking to external sites, 608–609 web search engines managing Internet Explorer history AND/OR operators in searches, folder, 321–322, 322 364–365, 365 experimental protocol state – frames 767</p><p> managing Netscape Navigator history document file formats, 461–463 folder, 319–321, 320 downloading with FTP, 410–413, using Internet Explorer, 312 412–413 using Netscape Navigator, 313 file compression, 697–698 experimental protocol state, 159–160 file types found on FTP servers, 411 Extensible Hypertext Markup Language uploading with FTP, 413–414, 414 (XHTML), 566, 566–567 firewalls, 487–496 Extensible Markup Language (XML), firewall functions, 487–491, 489 566, 566 firewall topology, 492–495, 492–496 extranets and businesses, 9 personal firewalls, 498–500 fixed-width fonts, 580 Flash, 452, 452 F flat file database model, 265 fonts Fast Ethernet, 83–84 changing with <FONT> tag, 604–606 fast packet switching, 88–91, 89, 91 customizing browser font size, 314–315 fault tolerance, defined, 263 fixed-width, 580 favorites, in web browsers, 326–331, 327, font style elements vs. phrase elements in 329–330 HTML, 583–586 FDM (frequency division multiplexing), proportional-width, 580 defined, 108 serif and sans serif, 578 Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), 87, specifying font information in HTML, 87–88 604–606 fiber optic cable, 104–105 forms in HTML, 632–643 fields <FORM> tags, 633–635, 636 database fields described, 259 creating simple web forms, 638–643 defined, 736 web form fields, 635–638, 636 File Transfer Protocol (FTP), 409–414 FQDN (fully qualified domain name), Application layer and, 162 defined, 60 basics, 55–56, 409–410 frame relay, 88–89, 89 downloading files with, 410–413, 412 frames. See also packets servers, 223–224 defined, 128 uploading files with, 413–414, 414 HTML, 652–658 Windows servers and FTP servers, 213 <FRAME> tag, 653 files <FRAMESET> tag, 653 appearance when interpreted by <NOFRAMES> tag, 656 plug-ins, 444 basics, 652, 652–653 binary files, 409–410 borderless frames, 658 768 frameset documents – hijacking attacks</p><p> creating frames, 654–656 and newsgroups, 420–423, 421–422 frameset document, 654 toolbar, 371, 372 specifying BASE targets, 657–658 Gopher targeting with hyperlinks, 657 Application layer and, 163 frameset documents, 654 basics, 57–58 fraud, and e-commerce, 533 as search tool, 377–378, 378 freeware government regulations, and e-commerce, 533 availability, 697 graphical user interfaces (GUIs). See also GUI defined, 410 HTML editors Frena. See Playboy Enterprises vs. Frena basics, 23 frequency division multiplexing (FDM), graphics, searching the Web for, 373, 373–374 defined, 108 GUI HTML editors, 658–663 front-door attacks, 481 basics, 658–659 FTP (File Transfer Protocol), 409–414 creating web pages, 661–662 basics, 409–410 functionality of, 660 downloading files with, 410–413, 412 text editors vs. GUI editors, 662–663 uploading files with, 413–414, 414 types of, 659–660 full duplex data transmission method, 107 Guide to the Project Management Body of full-screen mode, 444 Knowledge (PMBOK), 548 full standards protocols, 160 GUIs (graphical user interfaces). See also GUI full-text indexes, and search engines, 355 HTML editors fully qualified domain name (FQDN), basics, 23 defined, 60</p><p>H G hackers, vs. crackers, 477 gateways half duplex data transmission method, 107 basics, 95–96, 96 Handheld Device Markup Language circuit-level and application-level and (HDML), 337 security, 489, 489–490 Handheld Device Transport Protocol GIFs (HDTP), 337 animated, 651 hardware-based personal firewalls, 500 GIF file format, 594 headers, and packets, 128–130, 129 gigabit Ethernet, 84 heading levels, formatting in HTML, glossary, 726–756 578–580 Google hexadecimal numbers, defined, 42, 600 Google Groups hidden plug-ins, 444 mailing lists, 376 hijacking attacks, 480–481 historic protocol state – HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), advanced 769</p><p> historic protocol state, 159–160 horizontal rules, 590–593 history lists, customizing, 319–322, 320, 322 HTML elements and attributes, history of the Web, 302–304, 303 listed, 702–725 home pages, customizing, 315–319, 317–318 HTML hyperlinks, 606–612 host computers, defined, 10 accessing internal links, 612 host-to-host layer. See Transport layer anchor tags, 607–609 hosts file, 227–228 internal links, creating, 611 hot links, testing at project pilot stage, 547 using images as links, 609–611 HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), hypertext pages, 302–303, 303 562–622 incorporating images, 593–599 anchors, 303–304 aligning images relative to text, basics, 562–568 596–597 HTML 3.2 standard and exercise, 595–596 HTML 4.01, 565 image file formats, 594–595 HTML 4.01 variants, 565–566 labeling images with the ALT attribute, HTML standards, 564 598–599 web browsers standards, 567–568 resizing images, 597–598 XHTML, 566, 566–567 using the ALT attribute, 597 coding, 568–589. See also paragraph introduction to, 562–564 formatting in HTML links, 303–304 <META> tags, 576 proprietary code, 309 adding hidden comments, 589 review questions and answers, 616–622 document structure tags, 571–572 special characters, 599–600 Document Type Declaration (DTD), summary, 612 573–575 HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), good coding practice, 589 advanced, 623–688 lists, 586–588 4.01 and DOM, 674 markup tags, 569–571 exam preparation, 679–681 text-level elements, 583–586 GUI HTML editors, 658–663 colors, specifying, 600–604 basics, 658–659 changing colors and backgrounds, 603 creating web pages in GUI editors, page colors and backgrounds, 601–602 661–662 web-safe color palette, 600–601 functionality of, 660 databases and, 279–280 text editors vs. GUI editors, 662–663 exam preparation, 613–615 types of, 659–660 file format, 462 HTML extensions, 663–678. See also font information, specifying, 604–606 Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) forms and form processing, 270–271 DHTML, 672–673 770 HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) – icon bars feature of GUI editors</p><p>Document Object Model (DOM), Windows servers and, 213 673–674 HTTP servers JavaScript, 669–672 and MIME, 214–216 XHTML, 675 and the OS, 216–219 XML, 675–678, 676 hubs HTML forms, 632–643 basics, 93, 93 <FORM> tags, 633–635, 636 switching hubs, defined, 139 creating simple web forms, 638–643 hybrid connections, 52 web form fields, 635–638, 636 hybrid networks, 17–18, 18 HTML frames, 652–658 hybrid topology. See hybrid networks <FRAME> tag, 653 hyperlinks in HTML, 606–612 <FRAMESET> tag, 653 accessing internal links, 612 <NOFRAMES> tag, 656 anchor tags, 607–609 basics, 652, 652–653 creating internal links, 611 borderless frames, 658 targeting frames with, 657 creating frames, 654–656 using images as links, 609–611 frameset document, 654 hypertext specifying BASE targets, 657–658 defined, 562 targeting frames with hyperlinks, 657 hypertext links feature of GUI HTML image techniques, 643–651 editors, 660 animated GIFs, 651 Hypertext Markup Language. See HTML defining client-side image maps, (Hypertext Markup Language) 646–648, 647–648 Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) image maps, 643–646, 644–645 Application layer and, 162 image transparency, 649–650, 649–650 basics, 55 interlacing, 651 Windows servers and, 213 HTML tables, 624–629 column and row spanning, 632 creating simple tables, 626–629, I 626–629 table and data alignment options, IAPs. See Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 629–631, 630 ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned table basics, 624, 624–626 Names and Numbers) review questions and answers, 682–688 about, 63–64 summary, 678–679 Internet addressing and, 174 HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) ICMP (Internet Control Message Application layer and, 162 Protocol), 165 basics, 55 icon bars feature of GUI editors, 660 IEEE 802.2 standard – the Internet 771</p><p>IEEE 802.2 standard, 81–82 indirect routing, defined, 169 IEEE 802.3, 82–83 inetd, 211–212 IEEE 802.3u, Fast Ethernet basics, 83–84 Information Infrastructure Task Force IEEE 802.3z and 802.3ab, 84 (IITF), 542 IEEE 802.5, 85, 85 informational protocol state, 160–161 IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics inheritance, and CSS, 665–666 Engineers), 79 inline images, and Netscape, 601 IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force), 159 insider attacks, 481 IGMP (Internet Group Management Institute of Electrical and Electronics Protocol), 165 Engineers, 79 IITF (Information Infrastructure Task Integrated Services Digital Network Force), 542 (ISDN), 48 images intellectual property advanced HTML image techniques, defined, 542 643–651 e-commerce issue of, 533 animated GIFs, 651 World Intellectual Property Organization defining client-side image maps, (WIPO), 542 646–648, 647–648 interlacing, 651 image maps, 643–646, 644–645 international currencies, 535 image transparency, 649–650, 649–650 International Organization for Standardization interlacing, 651 (ISO) 9000 series, 549 image loading, 331–335, 332–335 international shipping and supply, image searches, defined, 373 535–536 incorporating images in HTML, 593–599 the Internet, 38–76. See also networking aligning images relative to text, basics 596–597 architecture, 161–167 exercise, 595–596 Application layer, 162–164 image file formats, 594–595 basics, 161–162, 166 labeling images with the ALT attribute, Internet layer, 165–166 598–599 multiplexing, 167, 167 resizing images, 597–598 Network Access layer, 166–167 using the ALT attribute, 597 Transport layer, 164–165 using as links, 609–611 ARPANET, 38, 38–39 IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol), 56 basics, 65 IMAP4, 56 connecting to, 45–53 import HTML pages feature of GUI direct connections, 49–53 editors, 660 ISPs, 46–47 indexes (database), 259 modems, 47–49 772 Internet Access Providers (IAPs) – Internet security</p><p>DNS, 58–63 Internet Control Message Protocol described, 58–59 (ICMP), 165 syntax, 59–60, 60 Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and top-level domains, 60–63 Numbers (ICANN) domain names, 63–65 about, 63–64 exam preparation, 66–68 connecting to the Internet and, 47–49 exam topics, 39 Internet addressing and, 174 functioning of, 39–45 Internet Engineering Task Force client/server model on, 44–45, 45 (IETF), 159 IP addresses, 41–44 Internet Explorer history, 38–39 accessing FTP servers and downloading Internet addressing. See IP addresses; files, 411–413, 412 IP addressing accessing web pages with, 309–312, Internet protocols, 55–58 310–311 e-mail, 56 advanced search features, 370, FTP, 55–56 370–371, 372 Gopher, 57–58 differences from Netscape Navigator, HTTP, 55 306–307 NNTP, 57 security notifications, 500, 500 Telnet, 57 setting safety levels on, 502–503, network access points, 53–54, 54 502–503 review questions and answers, 69–76 Internet Group Management Protocol summary, 66 (IGMP), 165 technology, 696–699 Internet layer, 165–166 file compression, 697–698 Internet Message Access Protocol Internet indexes and search (IMAP), 56 engines, 699 Internet Network Information Center protocol syntax, 696–697 (InterNIC), 63 shareware and freeware, 697 Internet Protocol (IP) addresses, 41–44 vs. the World Wide Web, 40 Internet Protocol (IP) addressing, 175–179 Internet Access Providers (IAPs). See Internet classes, 175–176 Service Providers (ISPs) reserved IP addressing, 178–179 Internet Archive, advanced search features, rules, 177–178 368, 369 Internet Protocol (IP), and Internet Internet clients. See e-mail layer, 165 Internet commerce. See e-commerce Internet security, 476–523 basics, 476–477 Internet Server Application Programming Interface (ISAPI) – interpreters, defined 773</p><p> cracker process, 477–478 internetworking, defined, 210 defending computers, 496–503 internetworking servers, 210–256 <a href="/tags/Browser_security/" rel="tag">browser security</a>, 500–503, 501–503 content servers, 213–226 personal firewalls, 498–500 FTP servers, 223–224 virus protection software, 496–498 HTTP servers and MIME, 214–216 defending networks, 484–486 HTTP servers and the OS, 216–219 auditing, 485–486 mail servers, 219–222 authentication, 486 news servers, 224–226 defending transmitted data, 503–511 streaming media servers, 222–223 cookies, 509–510 web gateways, 214 digital certificates, 510–511 web servers, 213–214 encryption, 504–506, 504–508 database servers, 236–240 secure web forms, 508–509 catalogue servers, 239 SSL, 508 certificate servers, 236–237 exam preparation, 512–515 directory servers, 237–239 firewalls, 487–496 transaction servers, 239–240 firewall functions, 487–491, 489 exam preparation, 244–247 firewall topology, 492–495, 492–496 mirrored servers, 240–241 review questions and answers, 516–523 performance servers, 226–236 summary, 511–512 caching servers, 235–236 types of attacks, 478–484 DNS servers. See DNS (Domain Name brute-force attacks, 481 System) servers denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, proxy servers, 234–235 479–480 review questions and answers, 248–256 insider attacks, 481 server implementation, 211–213 man-in-the-middle (hijacking) attacks, UNIX and Linux, 211–212, 212 480–481 Windows, 213 replay attacks, 482 server products, 241–243 social-engineering attacks, 482–483 summary, 244 software-based attacks, 483 InterNIC (Internet Network Information spoofing or masquerade attacks, 480 Center), 63 trapdoor attacks, 481–482 interoperability Trojan horse attacks, 482 defined, 740 virus types, 484 NOSs and, 25, 25 Internet Server Application Programming interpreted languages Interface (ISAPI), 276 basics, 691–693 Internet Service Providers (ISPs), 46–47 defined, 273 Internet standards protocols, 160 interpreters, defined, 273 774 intranets – LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol), and directory servers</p><p> intranets defined, 567 K in schools and the workplace, 8 keys, defined, 237 intranets, and businesses, 9 keyword indexes, 355 IP addresses, 41–44 keywords basics, 41–42 defined, 350–351 IPv6, 42–44 performing keyword searches, 359, 359 IP addressing, 175–179 classes, 175–176 reserved IP addressing, 178–179 rules, 177–178 L IP protocol, 134 L2TP (Layer-2 Tunneling Protocol), and VPN IP Security (IPSec), and VPN security, 491 security, 491 ipconfig command, 188 languages iPlanet, 243 assembly language, 439 IPv6, 42–44 C, 439 IPX/SPX, 136 C++ ISAPI (Internet Server Application as compiled language, 690 Programming Interface), 276 and object-oriented programming, ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network), 48 439–440 compiled languages basics, 690–691 J defined, 273 interpreted languages Java basics, 691–693 applets, 441 defined, 273 C and C++ and, 440–441 machine language, 439 as a language, 693–694 languages (spoken), multi-language support servlets, 280–282, 694 and e-commerce, 534 Java Database Connectivity (JDBC), 285 LANs. See local area networks (LANs) Java Virtual Machine (JVM), 280 latency, defined, 4 JavaScript Layer-2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP), and VPN HTML and, 669–672 security, 491 as interpreted language, 691 Layer-4 switches, defined, 139 JavaServer Pages (JSP), 282, 282–283 layers in OSI/RM, 125–127, 127 JDBC (Java Database Connectivity), 285 LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access JPEG file format, 594 Protocol), and directory servers, 238–239 JScript, 692 legacy applications – Media Access Control (MAC) 775</p><p> legacy applications, 306–307 logical topologies licensing, 543–544 defined, 19 Lightweight Directory Access Protocol vs. physical topologies, 19–20 (LDAP), and directory servers, 238–239 loopback addresses, 177 limited broadcast addresses, 177 Lotus Domino, 243 lines Lycos, advanced search features, 368 horizontal ruling lines in HTML, 590–593 line breaks in HTML, 577–578 M links. See hyperlinks in HTML Linux MAC (Media Access Control) basics, 23–25 basics, 81 server implementation, 211–212, 212 MAC addresses, 81–82 listings, sample HOSTS file, 228 machine language, 439 lists, creating in HTML, 586–588 Macromedia Shockwave, 451–453, 452 LLC (Logical Link Control), 81 macros viruses, 484 load balancing, defined, 263 mail bombing attack, 479 local area networks (LANs). See also mail servers, 219–222 transmission media; transmission types Mailing List Managers (MLMs), 221–222 basics, 50, 78, 79 mailing list servers, 221–222 exam preparation, 111–115 mailing lists, searching for, 375, 375 IEEE LAN standards, 79–86 mainframes basics, 79–80, 80 described, 3–4 Ethernet and IEE 802.3, 82–83 limitations of, 2–3 Fast Ethernet, 83–84 mainframe model, 4 gigabit Ethernet, 84 man-in-the-middle (hijacking) attacks, IEEE 802.2 standard, 81–82 480–481 IEEE 802.3u, 83–84 MANs (municipal area networks), defined, 87 IEEE 802.3z and 802.3ab, 84 MAPHIA. See Sega Enterprises Ltd. IEEE 802.5, 85, 85–86 vs. MAPHIA token ring network, 85, 85–86 markup tags, 569–571 LAN switches, defined, 139 masquerade attacks, 480 review questions and answers, 116–122 MAUs (Multistation Access Units) summary, 111 connecting ring networks and, 16 logging token ring networks and, 85, 85–86 with FTP, 224 Media Access Control (MAC) web servers and, 219 basics, 81–82 Logical Link Control (LLC), 81 MAC addresses, 81–82 776 media and active content – multimedia players</p><p> media and active content, 438–474 accessing web pages with, 309–312, document viewers, 454–459 310–311 Acrobat Reader, 454–458, 456, 458 advanced search features, 370, PowerPoint Viewer, 458–459 370–371, 372 exam preparation, 464–466 differences from Netscape Navigator, multimedia players, 451–454, 452, 454 306–307 objects and active content, 439–444 security notifications, 500, 500 ActiveX technology, 441–443 setting safety levels on, 502–503, 502–503 C, assembly, and machine <a href="/tags/Microsoft/" rel="tag">Microsoft</a> Outlook Express language, 439 attachments to e-mails using, 407–408, 408 C++ and object-oriented programming, configuring as e-mail client, 391–396, 439–440 395–396 Java, 440–441 configuring signature files in, 405 plug-in technology, 443–444 configuring to send e-mail, 397, 397 other image file formats, 460–463 using to receive e-mail, 398, 398 basics, 460–461 Microsoft PowerPoint Viewer, 458–459 document file formats, 461–463 MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) other media file formats, 459–460 players, 444 AIFF, AU and WAV, 460 MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail MP3, 459–460 Extensions) MPEG, 459 e-mail and, 220–221 review questions and answers, 467–474 HTTP servers and, 214–216 streaming media, 445–451 minus sign (−) parameter, in Alta Vista basics, 445–446 searches, 364 streaming media players, 447–451, 449 mirrored servers, 240–241, 241 using, 446–447 mirroring, defined, 240, 240 summary, 463–464 MLMs (Mailing List Managers), 221–222 media, defined, 742 modems merchant systems, defined, 528 cable modems, 50–51 mesh topology, 18–19, 19 defined, 47 META tags, 352–354 Mosaic <a href="/tags/Web_browser/" rel="tag">web browser</a>, 304 METHOD attribute, 634 MP3, 459–460 Microsoft. See also Windows MPEG-1, 459–460 operating systems, 21–22 MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group), Microsoft Internet Explorer 459–460 accessing FTP servers and downloading files multi-language option, 459–460 using, 411–413, 412 multimedia players, 445, 451–454, 452, 454 multimode fiber optic cable – networking basics 777</p><p> multimode fiber optic cable, 104 netstat command, 187–188 multiplexing, 167, 167 NetWare Multipurpose Internet Mail basics, 20–21, 744 Extensions (MIME) products, 243 e-mail and, 220–221 Network Access layer, 166–167 HTTP servers and, 214–216 Network Access Points (NAPs), 53–54, 54 Multistation Access Units (MAUs) network adapter cards. See network interface connecting ring networks and, 16 cards (NICs) token ring networks and, 85, 85–86 network analyzers, 190–192, 191 municipal area networks (MANs), defined, 87 network interface cards (NICs) Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) basics, 91, 91–92 players, 444 binding protocols to, 142–145, 143, 144 defined, 50 Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) N Application layer and, 162–163 basics, 57 name resolution systems, and TCP/IP news servers and, 224 configuration, 181 network operating systems (NOSs), 20–25 name resolver software, and DNS, 230 described, 20 name servers, and DNS, 230 interoperability, 25, 25 NAPs (Network Access Points), 53–54, 54 Linux, 23–25 Napster. See Recording Industry Association of Microsoft operating systems, 21–22 American (RIAA) vs. Napster Novell NetWare, 20–21 natural language queries, 368 UNIX, 22–23 NEAR operators, in Alta Vista searches, network services 366–368, 367 computer networks and, 9–10 net-directed broadcast addresses, 177 defined, 210 net masks. See subnet masks networking basics, 2–36 NetBEUI, 137 evolution of, 2–7 NetBIOS, 137 client/server model, 5, 5–7 netiquette, 402–403 mainframes, 3–4, 4 Netscape Navigator exam preparation, 26–28 for accessing web pages, 312–313 network addresses, 178 advanced search features, 370–371, 371 network assets, defined, 476 differences from Internet Explorer, 306–307 network elements, 9, 158 PDF files, downloading and viewing using, network operating systems (NOSs), 457–458, 458 20–25 web address, 315 interoperability, 25, 25 778 news servers – objects</p><p>Linux, 23–25 binding protocols to, 142–145, 143, 144 Microsoft operating systems, 21–22 defined, 50 Novell NetWare, 20–21 NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol) UNIX, 22–23 Application layer and, 162–163 network resources and security, 477 basics, 57 network security, 484–486 news servers and, 224 network topologies, 12–20 non-relational database model, 265 bus topology, 12–14, 14 nonrepudiation hybrid networks, 17–18, 18 defined, 744 mesh topology, 18–19, 19 e-commerce and, 528 physical vs. logical topologies, nonroutable protocols, 132–133 19–20 NOSs (network operating systems), 20–25 ring topology, 16–17, 17 described, 20 star topology, 14, 14–16 interoperability, 25, 25 networking categories, 9–12 Linux, 23–25 enterprise networks, 12 Microsoft operating systems, 21–22 peer-to-peer networks, 10, 10 Novell NetWare, 20–21 server-based networks, 11, 11 UNIX, 22–23 review questions and answers, 29–36 NOT operators, in Alta Vista searches, summary, 25–26 366–368, 367 web-based networking, 8–9 Novell NetWare news servers, 224–226 basics, 20–21, 744 newsfeed, defined, 225 products, 243 newsgroups configuring with Outlook Express, 418–420, 419 O defined, 744 etiquette, 417–418 object-based programming languages, 440 Google Groups, 420–423, 421–422 object database management system moderated newsgroups defined, 225 (ODBMS), 265, 267 news servers and, 224–225 object-oriented database model, 265 policies and security, 225–226 object-oriented programming (OOP) protocols for, 57 and C++, 439–440 public newsgroups defined, 225 object-oriented programs, searching for, 376 defined, 669 Telnet, 423–425, 425 objects, 439–444 NICs (network interface cards) active content and, 439–444 basics, 91, 91–92 ActiveX technology, 441–443 octets, defined – packets 779</p><p>C, assembly, and machine layers, 125–127, 127 language, 439 mapping, 138–140 C++ and object-oriented programming, networking protocols and, 131–138 439–440 Data Link Control, 137 Java, 440–441 IPX/SPX, 136 plug-in technology, 443–444 NetBEUI and NetBIOS, 137 security issues and, 442–443 protocol categories, 131–133 defined, 439 SNA, 137–138 octets, defined, 42 TCP/IP, 133–135 ODBC (Open Database Connectivity), packets, 128–131 284–285 basics, 128–130, 129 one-way encryption, 506–507 CRC, 130–131 online cataloguing, 539–540 review questions and answers, 148–155 Online Transaction Processing (OLTP), OSI/RM. See OSI reference model (OSI/RM) defined, 260 OSPF (Open Shortest Path First routing OOP (object-oriented programming) protocol), 172 and C++, 439–440 out-of-process events, defined, 273 object-oriented programs, Outlook Express defined, 669 attachments to e-mails using, Open Database Connectivity (ODBC), 407–408, 408 284–285 configuring as news client, 418–420, 419 Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) routing configuring as e-mail client, 391–396, protocol, 172 395–396 open source computing, defined, 23 configuring newsgroups in, 418–420, 419 Open Systems Interconnection Reference configuring signature files in, 405 Model. See OSI reference model configuring to send e-mail, 397, 397 (OSI/RM) receiving e-mail with, 398, 398 Opera web browser, 305 operating systems (OSs). See also network operating systems (NOSs) P and HTTP servers, 216–219 ordered lists in HTML, 586–587 packet filters OSI reference model (OSI/RM), 124–155 defined, 488 basics, 124–125 packet filtering firewall option, 492, 492 binding protocols, 141–145, 142 Packet Internet Groper. See ping utility choosing and combining protocols, packets 140–145 CRC, 130–131 exam preparation, 145–147 OSI/RM and, 128–131 780 pages – privacy (e-mail)</p><p> basics, 128–130, 129 phrase elements in HTML, 583–585 CRC, 130–131 physical topologies TCP/IP and, 39 defined, 19 pages. See web pages vs. logical topologies, 19–20 paragraph formatting in HTML, 576–583 pilot stage of project management, 547–548 additional block-level elements, 582–583 ping flood attack, 479 heading levels, 578–580 ping utility, 183–185, 185 indenting and centering text, 581–582 plaintext, defined, 462 paragraph and line breaks, 577–578 Playboy Enterprises vs. Frena, 543 primitive formatting with the <PRE> tag, plug-in technology, 443–444 580–581 plus sign (+) parameter, in Alta Vista passwords searches, 363 changing FTP passwords, 409 PMBOK (Guide to the Project Management password sniffing, defined, 505 Body of Knowledge), 548 patch cords, defined, 99 PMI (Project Management Institute), 548–549 patch panels, 98–99, 99 PMI Scalable Project Management payment processing, 536–538 Methodology Guide, 548 PCs PNG file format, 594 Linux and, 24 Point-to-Point Protocol, 48 networking history and, 3 Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP), and security, 496–503 VPN security, 491 browser security, 500–503, 501–503 polygons, defining in HTML, 648, 648 personal firewalls, 498–500 polymorphic viruses, 484 virus protection software, 496–498 POP (Post Office Protocol), 392 PDF files (Portable Document Format) POP3, 56 described, 455 port numbers, and TCP/IP, 173–174 downloading and viewing, 457–458, 458 Portable Document Format (PDF files) peer-to-peer networks, 10, 10 described, 455 people searches, 374 downloading and viewing, 457–458, 458 Perl, 694 Post Office Protocol (POP), 392 Permanent Virtual Circuits (PVCs), defined, 89 PowerPoint Viewer, 458–459 permissions, defined, 216 PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol), 48 personal computers. See PCs PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol), and personal firewalls, 498–500 VPN security, 491 Personal Home Page (PHP), 279, 693 Pretty Good Privacy (PGP), 507 Personal Web Server (PWS), 242 price margins, 528, 529 PGP (Pretty Good Privacy), 507 primary servers, and DNS, 231 PHP (Personal Home Page), 279, 693 privacy (e-mail), 405–406 Process layer – registering web sites 781</p><p>Process layer. See Application layer PVCs (Permanent Virtual Circuits), process logic, and the client/server defined, 89 model, 260 PWS (Personal Web Servers), 242 project management in e-commerce, 544–549 basics, 544–545 Q design/development project cycle, 545–548 further considerations, 548–549 QuickTime (Apple), 449–450 scope and scope creep, 545 QuickTime VR (QTVR), 454, 454 Project Management Institute (PMI), 548–549 quotation marks, using with search proportional-width fonts, 580 engines, 359–360 proposed protocol state, 159–160 protocols for networking, 131–138 categories of, 131–133 R choosing and combining, 140–145 basics, 140–141 racks, defined, 211 binding protocols, 141–145, 142 radio buttons, and HTML forms, 640 computer networks and, 9–10 RAM, and networking speed, 131 Data Link Control, 137 ranking systems, 352–354 defined, 9, 12 RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Internet protocols Protocol), 165 e-mail, 56 real world scenarios FTP, 55–56 CGI use, 274–275 Gopher, 57–58 client/server model, 45 HTTP, 55 load balancing, 264 listed, 696–697 N-tier database architecture, 262 NNTP, 57 network traffic on LANs, 97 Telnet, 57 NICs, 92 IPX/SPX, 136 sending e-mail messages, 233, 233–234 NetBEUI and NetBIOS, 137 RealNetworks RealOne Player, 448 for newsgroups, 57 RealOne Player, 448 protocol states, 159–161 RealPlayer, 448 protocol syntax, 696–697 Recording Industry Association of American routing protocols, 171–172 (RIAA) vs. Napster, 543 SNA, 137–138 records (database), 259 TCP/IP, 133–135 rectangles, defining in HTML, 646–647, 647 proxy servers referential integrity, defined, 264 basics, 234–235 registered port numbers, defined, 174 security and, 489, 490 registering web sites, 354 782 relational database management system (RDBMS) – Secure Electronic Transaction (SET)</p><p> relational database management system routers (RDBMS), 265, 266 basics, 94–95, 95, 98 relational database model, 264–265 defined, 40, 168 repeaters, 92–93, 93 router switches, defined, 139 replay attacks, 482 routing, 168–172 Requests for Comments (RFCs), basics, 168–169 159–161 defined, 134 reserved IP addressing, 178–179 the process, 169–170, 170 resources, and security, 477 protocols, 171–172 Reverse Address Resolution Protocol routing information tables, 169 (RARP), 165 static vs. dynamic, 170 review questions and answers Routing Information Protocol (RIP), databases and web servers, 291–299 basics, 171–172 e-commerce, 553–559 rows e-mail and other clients, 429–436 creating frames with, 654–656 HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), spanning in tables, 632 616–622, 682–688 RTF (Rich Text Format), 462–463 the Internet, 69–76 ruling lines in HTML, 590–593 Internet security, 516–523 LANs and WANs, 116–122 media and active content, 467–472 S networking basics, 29–36 OSI/RM, 148–155 sans serif fonts, 578 TCP/IP, 200–207 schools, and intranets, 8 web search engines, 382–388 scope and scope creep, defined, 545 World Wide Web, 341–347 scope matrix documents, 546 RFCs (Requests for Comments), 159–161 screened-subnet firewalls with DMZ, 495, Rich Text Format (RTF), 462–463 495–496 ring topology, 16–17, 17 script kiddies, defined, 499 RIP (Routing Information Protocol), scrolling text area boxes, in HTML basics, 171–172 forms, 642 RJ-45 connectors, 101–102, 102 search engines, 350–351. See also web robots search engines catalogue servers and, 239 search indexes, 354–355 search engines and, 351 search operators, 360–362 web site for information on, 354 secondary severs, and DNS, 231 root servers, and DNS, 231 Secure Electronic Transaction (SET), routable protocols, described, 132 530–532 Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) – spam 783</p><p>Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) shareware and e-commerce security, 539 availability, 697 Internet security and, 508 defined, 410 secure web forms, 508–509 shielded twisted pair (STP), 100 security. See also Internet security shipping, international, 535–536 e-commerce and, 527, 538–539 Shockwave, 451–453, 452 newsgroups and, 225–226 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. See SMTP Sega Enterprises Ltd. vs. MAPHIA, 542–543 (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) segments, defined, 54 Simple Network Management Protocol select lists, and HTML forms, 641–642 (SNMP), and Application layer, 163 selectors, defined, 665 simplex data transmission method, 107 Serial Line Internet Protocol. See SLIP single-homed bastions, 493, 493–494 (Serial Line Internet Protocol) single-mode fiber optic cable, 104 serif fonts, 578 site maps, defined, 355 Server Application Programming Interfaces SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol), 48 (SAPIs), 275–276 smart cards, 538 server-based networks, 11, 11 SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) server farms, defined, 263 Application layer and, 163 Server-Side JavaScript (SSJS), 277 basics, 56 server-side scripting sending e-mail and, 392 combining with client-side Windows servers and, 213 scripting, 269 SNA (Systems Network Architecture), defined, 633 137–138 technologies, 276–283 SNMP (Simple Network Management Active Server Pages (ASP), 277–279 Protocol), Application layer and, 163 ColdFusion, 283 social-engineering attacks, 482–483 HTML, 279–280 sockets, defined, 187 Java and Java servlets, 280–282 software JavaServer Pages (JSP), 282, 282–283 anti-virus software, 496–498 Personal Home Page (PHP), 279 software-based personal Server-Side JavaScript (SSJS), 277 firewalls, 499–500 servers. See also internetworking servers for web browsers, 304–307 defined, 11, 210, 211 software-based attacks, 482–483 server resources and security, 477 source-to-destination layer. See servlet chaining, defined, 281 Transport layer SET (Secure Electronic Transaction), spam 530–532 dealing with, 400–401 security, e-commerce and, 533 defined, 226 784 special-case source addresses – tables</p><p> special-case source addresses, 178 databases and web servers, 286 special characters in HTML, 599–600 e-commerce, 549 speed e-mail and other clients, 425–426 computer speed and networking HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), performance, 130–131 advanced, 678–679 connection speed testing, 548 Hypertext Markup Language download time and browser cache, 323 (HTML), 612 Internet speed the Internet, 66 dial-up connections and, 49 Internet security, 511–512 disabling images and, 331–335, internetworking servers, 244 332–335 LANs and WANs, 111 need for, 53 media and active content, 463 spiders networking basics, 25–26 defined, 239, 576 web search engines, 379 search engines and, 351 switches spoofing, 480 basics, 96–97, 97 SSJS (Server-Side JavaScript), 277 LAN switches, defined, 139 SSL. See Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) Layer-4 switches, defined, 139 standard protocol state, 159–160 router switches, defined, 139 star topology, 14, 14–16 switching hubs, defined, 139 stateful protocols, 131–132 symmetric-key encryption, 504, 504–505 stateless protocols, 132 SYN flood attack, 479 static indexes synchronous, defined, 752 performing static index searches, 357, 357 synchronous vs. asynchronous search engines and, 355 transmission, 106 static routers, defined, 170 system snooping, 480 stealth viruses, 484 Systems Network Architecture (SNA), STP (shielded twisted pair), 100 basics, 137–138 stranded cable defined, 751 STP and UTP and, 100 T streaming media servers, 222–223 strong authentication, defined, 486 T-carrier system, 109–110 style sheets T1 T-carrier service, 109 and CSS, 667–669 T2 T-carrier service, 109 and XML, 678 T3 T-carrier service, 110 subnet-directed broadcast addresses, 177 tables subnet masks, 179–180 database tables, 259 summaries of topics tables in HTML – templates feature of GUI editors 785</p><p> table creation feature of GUI demultiplexing, 167, 167 editors, 660 Internet layer, 165–166, 166 tables in HTML Network Access layer, 166, 166–167 basics, 624, 624–626 Transport layer, 164–165, 166 column and row spanning, 632 Internet functioning and, 39–40 creating simple tables, 626–629, normal TCP/IP desktop configurations, 626–629 180–183 table and data alignment options, basic configurations, 180–181 629–631, 630 DHCP, 181–183, 182 Tagged Image File Format (TIFF), name resolution systems, 181 460–461 port numbers, 173–174 tags review questions and answers, <FORM> tags, 633–635, 636 200–207 <FRAME> tag, 653 RFCs, 159–161 <FRAMESET> tag, 653 routing, 168–172 <META> tags, 576 basics, 168–169 <NOFRAMES> tag, 656 the process, 169–170, 170 container tags, 569 protocols, 171–172 document structure tags, 571–572 static vs. dynamic, 170 empty tags, 569 subnet masks, 179–180 HTML tags, listed, 702–725 summary, 192–193 markup tags, 569–571 tools for troubleshooting, 183–192 tables tags, listed, 625 arp command, 190 targets and frames, 657–658 ipconfig command, 188 taxation, and e-commerce, 533 netstat command, 187–188 TCP handshake attack, 479–480 network analyzers, 190–192, 191 TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/ ping utility, 183–185, 185 Internet Protocol), 158–207 tracert command, 185–187 basics, 133–135 winipcfg command, 189, 189 exam preparation, 194–199 Transport layer and, 164 Internet addressing, 174–179 TCP protocol, 133–134 address classes, 175–176 technical architecture document, basics, 175–176 defined, 547 IP addressing rules, 177–178 Telnet reserved IP addressing, 178–179 Application layer and, 162 Internet architecture, 161–167 basics, 57 Application layer, 162–164, 166 newsgroups, 423–425, 425 basics, 161–162, 166 templates feature of GUI editors, 660 786 text – troubleshooting the Internet</p><p> text transactions in databases aligning images relative to in HTML, described, 260 596–597 transaction processing defined, 260 bold, italic and underline in transceivers, defined, 91 HTML, 583 Transmission Control Protocol/Internet indenting and centering in HTML, Protocol. See TCP/IP (Transmission 581–582 Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) text boxes in HTML forms, 638 transmission media, 99–105 text style options feature of GUI coaxial cable, 102–104, 104 editors, 660 computer networks and, 9–10 text editors vs. GUI editors, 662–663 defined, 9 text files, formats, 462 fiber optic cable, 104–105 text-level elements twisted-pair cable, 99–102, 102 defined, 576 wireless media, 105 in HTML, 583–586 transmission types, 105–110 TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol), 163 baseband and broadband transmissions, thick coaxial cable, 103 107–108 thicknet, 103 data transmission flow, 107 thin client solutions, defined, 262–263 E-carrier system, 110 thin coaxial cable, 103 synchronous vs. asynchronous thinnet, 103 transmission, 106 thumbnail images, defined, 373 T-carrier system, 109–110 TIFF (Tagged Image File Format), transparency of images, 649–650, 460–461 649–650 TLDs (top-level domains), 60–63 Transport layer, 164–165 token passing, defined, 85 trapdoor attacks, 481–482 token ring network, 85, 85–86 Trivial File Transfer Protocol Tomlinson, Ray, 391 (TFTP), 163 toolbars, in search engines, 371 Trojan horse attacks, 482 top-level domains (TLDs), 60–63 troubleshooting the Internet, 183–192 Topica, and mailing lists, 374, 374 arp command, 190 topologies, defined, 753 ipconfig command, 188 tracert command, 185–187 netstat command, 187–188 tracking visitors on web sites, 534–535 network analyzers, 190–192, 191 trademarks, 544 ping utility, 183–185, 185 trailers, and packets, 128–129, 129 tracert command, 185–187 transaction servers, 239–240 winipcfg command, 189, 189 tunneling protocols – WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) 787</p><p> tunneling protocols, 491, 754 twisted-pair cable, 99–102, 102 V two-tier computing, 6–7 values, and tags, 570 VBScript, 691 Veronica, 378 U viewers, defined, 454 virtual directories, 218 UCE (unsolicited commercial Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), and e-mail), 400–401 security, 490–491 UDP (User Datagram Protocol) Virtual Reality Markup Language described, 134–135 (VRML), 692 Transport layer and, 164–165 Virtual Reality Modeling Language “Undefined Object Error” and (VRML), 453 DOM, 674 viruses Unicode, multi-language option, 534 defined, 483 Uniform Resource Locators (URLs). types of, 484 See URLs (Uniform Resource virus protection software, 496–498 Locators) Visual Basic, 691 UNIX Visual Basic Script (VBScript), 691 basics, 22–23 VPNs (Virtual Private Networks), and server implementation, 211–212, 212 security, 490–491 unordered lists in HTML, 586–587 VRML (Virtual Reality Markup unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cable, 100 Language), 692 unsolicited commercial e-mail VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling (UCE), 400–401 Language), 453 URLs (Uniform Resource Locators) defined, 310 protocol syntax, listed, 696–697 and secured sites, 509 W URL protocol syntax, listed, 696–697 W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) user agents. See web browsers described, 303 User Datagram Protocol (UDP) HTML standards and, 564 described, 134–135 various technologies’ standards, Transport layer and, 164–165 564, 565 user interface, and the client/server WANs. See wide area networks (WANs) model, 260 WAP (Wireless Application UTP (unshielded twisted pair), 100 Protocol), 335 uuencode, 407 788 WAV (waveform audio) – web search engines</p><p>WAV (waveform audio), 460 web pages the Web. See networking basics; World changing fonts with <FONT> tag, Wide Web 604–606 web-based e-mail, 399–403 defined, 568 address availability, 401–402 import HTML pages feature of GUI determining senders, 400–401 editors, 660 netiquette, 402–403 incorporating images into, 593–599 web browsers aligning images relative to text, access to web pages, 308–309, 596–597 308–313 image file formats, 594–595 Internet Explorer, 309–312, incorporating images in web pages, 310–311 595–596 Netscape Navigator, 312–313 labeling images with the ALT accessing DOM, 674 attribute, 598–599 advanced search features, 370–372, resizing images, 597–598 370–372 using the ALT attribute, 597 compatibility and CSS, 669 JavaScript in, 671 customizing, 314–330 page colors in HTML, 601–603 bookmarks and favorites, 326–331, using web browsers to access, 327, 329–330 308–309, 308–313 the browser cache, 322–326, Internet Explorer, 309–312, 324–325 310–311 font size, 314–315 Netscape Navigator, 312–313 history lists, 319–322, 320, 322 web search engines, 350–388 home pages, 315–319, 317–318 advanced search techniques, 360–369 defined, 304 advanced Alta Vista search, differences between, 306–307 363–365, 365 generation defined, 568 AND NOT and NEAR operators, image loading and, 331–335, 332–335 366–368, 367 images and, 331–335, 332–335 other advanced features, 368–369, 369 security, 500–503, 501–503 search operators, 360–363 software sorting results, 365–366 basics, 304–307 basic search techniques, 355–360 legacy browser issues, 306–307 Alta Vista, 358–360 standards for, 567–568 Yahoo!, 355–357 web commerce. See e-commerce browser search features, 370–372, web gateways, 214 370–372 web servers – Windows 789</p><p> directories, 351–352 PMBOK guides, 549 exam preparation, 379–381 port numbers, 173 getting websites listed, 354 robots information, 354 listed, 699 server products, 242, 243 the META tag, 352–354 testing for failure and corruption, 548 other search tools, 376–378 W3C, 564 Archie, 376–377 W3C validation tool, 573 Gopher, 377–378, 378 web search engines, 699 Veronica, 378 well-known port numbers, defined, 174 ranking systems, 352–354 what you see is what you get (WYSIWYG). review questions and answers, 382–388 See also GUI HTML editors search engines, 350–351 defined, 755 search indexes, 354–355 WHOIS, URLs, 64–65 searching for graphics, 373, 373–374 wide area networks (WANs). See also searching for information on transmission media; transmission types people, 374 exam preparation, 111–115 searching for mailing lists, 375, 375 review questions and answers, 116–122 searching for newsgroups, 376 standards, 86–99 summary, 379 basics, 86, 86 web servers, 213–214. See also databases bridges, 94, 94 and web servers brouters, 95 web sites CSU/DSU, 97–98, 98 Apache products, 242 fast packet switching, 88–91, 89, 91 CIW FDDI, 87 CIW certification program, 58, 310 Fiber Distributed Data Interface CIW exam preparation, xxxiii (FDDI), 87–88 copyright forms, 541–543 gateways, 95–96, 96 country codes, 60 hubs, 93, 93 Google Groups, 376 NIC, 91, 91–92 HTML, application for image map patch panels, 98–99, 99 creation, 646 repeaters, 92–93, 93 ICANN, 174 routers, 94–95, 95 IEEE, 80 switches, 96–97, 97 IETF (Internet Engineering Task X.25, 88 Force), 159 summary, 111 Netscape Navigator, 315 Windows people searches, 374 FTP command-line client, 413 personal firewall programs, 499 server implementation, 213 790 Windows 2000 – XHTML Strict</p><p>Windows 2000 Netscape Navigator, 312–313 and binding protocols, 142 customizing browsers, 314–330 described, 21–22 bookmarks and favorites, 326–331, ODBC and, 284 327, 329–330 Windows Media Player, 448–449, 449 the browser cache, 322–326, Windows NT 324–325 and binding protocols, 142 font size, 314–315 described, 21 history lists, 319–322, 320, 322 Windows XP home pages, 315–319, 317–318 described, 22 exam preparation, 339–340 Network dialog box, and binding images and web browsers, 331–335, protocols, 141–142, 142 332–335 ODBC and, 285 legacy browser issues, 306–307 personal firewall feature, 499 review questions and answers, winipcfg command, 189, 189 341–347 WIPO (World Intellectual Property summary, 338–339 Organization), 542 web browser software, 304–307 Wireless Application Protocol (WAP), 335, web history, 302–304, 303 336, 336 the Web vs. the Internet, 40 wireless connections, 52 wireless web protocols, 335–337, 336 Wireless Markup Language (WML), 336 World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) wireless media described, 303 basics, 105 HTML standards and, 564 LANs and WANs and, 105 Various technologies’ standards, wireless web protocols, 335–337, 336 564, 565 wizards feature of GUI editors, 660 worms, defined, 483 WML (Wireless Markup Language), 336 WYSIWYG. See also GUI HTML editors working groups, defined, 160 defined, 755 the workplace, and intranets, 8 workstations, and PCs, 3 World Intellectual Property Organization X (WIPO), 542 World Wide Web, 302–347. See also X.25 WAN standard, 88 web-based e-mail XHTML (Extensible Hypertext Markup browsers to access web pages, 308–309, Language), 566, 566–567, 675 308–313 XHTML Frameset, 567 Internet Explorer, 309–312, 310–311 XHTML Strict, 567 XHTML Transitional – Yahoo! 791</p><p>XHTML Transitional, 567 XML (Extensible Markup Language) Y basics, 675–678, 676 Yahoo! vs. HTML, 462 basic search techniques using, 355–357 as interpreted language, 692 performing static index searches relationship to HTML and XHTML, using, 357, 357 566, 566 toolbar, 371</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.6.1/jquery.min.js" integrity="sha512-aVKKRRi/Q/YV+4mjoKBsE4x3H+BkegoM/em46NNlCqNTmUYADjBbeNefNxYV7giUp0VxICtqdrbqU7iVaeZNXA==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script> <script src="/js/details118.16.js"></script> <script> var sc_project = 11552861; var sc_invisible = 1; var sc_security = "b956b151"; </script> <script src="https://www.statcounter.com/counter/counter.js" async></script> <noscript><div class="statcounter"><a title="Web Analytics" href="http://statcounter.com/" target="_blank"><img class="statcounter" src="//c.statcounter.com/11552861/0/b956b151/1/" alt="Web Analytics"></a></div></noscript> </body> </html>