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Graduate School of Business Factors Influencing Behavioural Intention To Graduate School of Business Factors Influencing Behavioural Intention to Adopt the QR-Code Payment in Sarawak Suo Wen Jing This thesis is presented for the Degree of Master of Philosophy Of Curtin University MAY 2019 DECLARATION To the best of my knowledge and belief this thesis contains no material previously published by any other person except where due acknowledgement has been made. This thesis contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any degree or diploma in any university. The proposed research study received human research ethics approval from the Curtin University Human Research Ethics Committee (EC00262), Approval Number HREC2018 - 0464. Signature: SUO WEN JING Date: 13 May 2019 i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT My sincere gratitude goes to Curtin Malaysia Graduate School for providing financial support for this research project. I am also deeply thankful to both of my main and co-supervisor, Dr Goi Chai Lee and Dr Adriel Sim. I greatly appreciate the guidance and immense support offered throughout my research journey. Their involvement has triggered and nourished my intellectual maturity that I will benefit from, for a long time to come. My sincere thanks go to Dr Linda Hii, my previous co-supervisor, for her support during my early stage of the study. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to my internal and external reviewers, for investing time and providing valuable feedback to enrich my work. Permissions and support from Madam Ngu, Ms Esther, Mr Kiew and Ms Catherine made this project feasible. I am grateful to all of them for being very helpful and provided me with their assistance throughout data collection process. My deep appreciation goes to my four research team members: Michael, Michelle, Peter, and Gabriel. Their hard work during data collection has made an invaluable contribution towards my work. My heartfelt appreciation goes to my parents, brother, sister-in-law, sister, whose supported me emotionally and financially. ii Table of Contents DECLARATION .............................................................................................................. i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................ ii LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................... vii LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................... viii ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ...................................................................... x Abstract........................................................................................................................... xi Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................ 1 1.0 Background............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Research Problem .................................................................................................. 3 1.2 Research Gap .......................................................................................................... 4 1.3 Research Questions .............................................................................................. 10 1.4 Research Objectives ............................................................................................. 10 1.4.1 General Objectives ........................................................................................ 10 1.4.2 Specific Objectives ....................................................................................... 10 1.5 Definition of Terms ....................................................................................... 11 1.6 Organization of the Thesis ................................................................................... 12 Chapter 2: Literature Review .................................................................................... 13 2.0 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 13 2.1 Types of Mobile Payment ................................................................................... 13 2.1.1 Near Field Communication (NFC) .............................................................. 14 2.1.2 QR-code Mobile Payment ............................................................................ 14 2.2 Theoretical Background....................................................................................... 16 2.2.1 Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) ...................................................... 16 2.2.2 Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) ........... 17 2.2.3 Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT 2) ..... 18 2.3 Hypotheses Development .................................................................................... 20 2.3.1 Performance Expectancy (PE)...................................................................... 20 2.3.2 Effort expectancy (EE) ................................................................................. 21 2.3.3 Social Influence (SI) ..................................................................................... 22 2.3.4 Facilitating Conditions (FC) ......................................................................... 23 2.3.5 Habit (HT) .............................................................................................. 24 2.3.6 Hedonic Motivation (HM) ............................................................................ 25 2.3.7 Price Value (PV) ........................................................................................... 26 iii 2.3.8 Personal Innovativeness in Information Technology (PIIT) ...................... 27 2.3.9 Behavioural Intention (BI) ............................................................................ 29 2.4 Conceptual Framework........................................................................................ 30 2.5 Summary ............................................................................................................... 31 Chapter 3: Research Methodology ............................................................................ 32 3.0 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 32 3.1 Research Design ................................................................................................... 32 3.1.1 Nature of Research Design ........................................................................... 32 3.1.2 Time Horizon of Research Design ............................................................... 33 3.2 Sampling Design .................................................................................................. 33 3.2.1 Target Population .......................................................................................... 33 3.2.2 Sampling Elements........................................................................................ 33 3.2.3 Sample Size ................................................................................................... 34 3.2.4 Sampling Location ........................................................................................ 34 3.2.5 Sampling Technique ..................................................................................... 36 3.3 Data Collection Methods ..................................................................................... 38 3.3.1 Questionnaires ............................................................................................... 38 3.3.2 Questionnaire Design .................................................................................... 39 3.3.3 Pilot Test ........................................................................................................ 40 3.4 Measurement Scale .............................................................................................. 41 3.4.1 Performance Expectancy .............................................................................. 41 3.4.2 Effort Expectancy .......................................................................................... 42 3.4.3 Social Influence ............................................................................................. 42 3.4.4 Facilitating Conditions .................................................................................. 42 3.4.5 Habit ............................................................................................................... 43 3.4.6 Hedonic Motivation ...................................................................................... 43 3.4.7 Price Value .................................................................................................... 43 3.4.8 Personal Innovativeness in Information Technology ................................. 44 3.4.9 Behavioural Intention.................................................................................... 44 3.5 Ethical Considerations ....................................................................................... 44 3.6 Data Analysis Technique ..................................................................................... 45 3.6.1 Preliminary Data Analysis............................................................................ 45 3.6.2 Descriptive Analysis ....................................................................................
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