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Democracy and Governance Assessment of Mali

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Democracy and Governance Assessment of Mali DEMOCRACY AND GOVERNANCE ASSESSMENT OF MALI JULY 2011 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by Tetra Tech ARD. This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development by Tetra Tech ARD, through a Task Order under the Analytical Services III Indefinite Quantity Contract Core Task Order (USAID Contract No.AID-OAA-I-10-00001). This report was prepared by: Tetra Tech ARD 159 Bank Street, Suite 300 Burlington, Vermont 05401 USA Telephone: (802) 658-3890 Fax: (802) 658-4247 E-Mail: [email protected] Tetra Tech ARD Contacts: Ruzan Aghazadyan, Project Manager 159 Bank Street, Suite 300 P.O. Box 1397 Burlington, VT 05402 Tel: (802) 658-3890 ext. 2407 Email: [email protected] Team: Raphaël Diarra, Senior Malian Analyst, Tetra Tech ARD Dr. Mark Koenig, Office of Democracy and Governance, USAID/DCHA/DG Dr. Ezzeddine Moudoud, Senior Public Administration Expert, Tetra Tech ARD Dr. Rhys Payne, Senior Technical Specialist, Analytical Services IQC, Tetra Tech ARD Cover photo by Dr. Lynette Rummel, Marlboro College. DEMOCRACY AND GOVERNANCE ASSESSMENT OF MALI JULY 2011 DISCLAIMER The author’s views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................... I ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS .......................................................................... III GLOSSARY OF FRENCH TERMS ................................................................................. VI EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................... VII BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................................. VII KEY CHALLENGES TO DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE IN MALI ................................................................. IX KEY POLITICAL ACTORS AND INSTITUTIONS ............................................................................................. X OVERVIEW OF OPERATIONAL AND PROGRAMMATIC ENVIRONMENT ................................................... XI PROGRAMMATIC RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................................................................................... XII Priority Intervention: Local Governance Support .................................................................. xiii Secondary Prioritization: Continue to Support Broader Decentralization Needs at the Regional and National Levels ...................................................................................... xiii Priority Recommendation: Strengthen Independent Media Capacities, Including Cross-Sectoral Development Communications (for Local Governance, Health, Education, Agricultural/Economic Growth, Conflict Mitigation, etc.) ..................... xiii Priority Recommendation: Provide Modest Support to the 2012 Electoral Process ... xiii Priority Recommendation: Cross-Cutting Synergies between DG and other SO Teams....................................................................................................................................... xiv 1.0 INTRODUCTION AND CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES ............................... 1 1.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 BACKGROUND .................................................................................................................................. 3 1.3 DEMOCRATIC GAINS AT RISK ......................................................................................................... 5 1.4 METHODOLOGY: USAID’S STRATEGIC ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK .......................................... 6 2.0 THE KEY CHALLENGES TO DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE IN MALI ........... 8 2.1 CONSENSUS ....................................................................................................................................... 8 2.2 RULE OF LAW .................................................................................................................................... 9 2.3 COMPETITION AND POLITICAL ACCOUNTABILITY .................................................................... 10 2.4 INCLUSION ....................................................................................................................................... 13 2.5 ADMINISTRATIVE ACCOUNTABILITY AND EFFECTIVENESS ........................................................ 14 2.6 DISTILLING THE DG PROBLEMS .................................................................................................... 16 3.0 KEY POLITICAL ACTORS AND INSTITUTIONS ............................................. 18 3.1 THE LEGAL SYSTEM ......................................................................................................................... 18 3.2 ELECTORAL INSTITUTIONS AND POLITICAL PARTIES ................................................................. 18 3.3 THE LEGISLATURE ........................................................................................................................... 20 3.4 THE EXECUTIVE ............................................................................................................................... 21 3.4.1 Recent Reforms to Improve the Performance of the Executive ............................... 22 3.5 LOCAL GOVERNMENT .................................................................................................................... 23 3.5.1 The Decentralization Reform Process ............................................................................. 23 3.6 CIVIL SOCIETY ................................................................................................................................. 28 3.7 MEDIA ............................................................................................................................................... 29 3.8 OTHER NON-STATE ACTORS ....................................................................................................... 31 3.9 INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY ..................................................................................................... 32 3.9.1 The World Bank .................................................................................................................... 33 3.10 FACTORING IN POLITICAL ACTORS AND INSTITUTIONAL ARENAS ........................................ 34 4.0 OVERVIEW OF OPERATIONAL AND PROGRAMMATIC ENVIRONMENT . 36 DEMOCRACY AND GOVERNANCE ASSESSMENT OF MALI i 4.1 BROADER FOREIGN POLICY AND USAID DEVELOPMENT INTERESTS ..................................... 36 4.2 USAID’S CURRENT DG ASSISTANCE PORTFOLIO ..................................................................... 37 4.3 POTENTIAL FOR CROSS-SECTORAL PROGRAMMING ................................................................. 37 4.4 PROJECTED RESOURCES ................................................................................................................. 38 5.0 PROGRAMMATIC RECOMMENDATIONS ......................................................... 39 5.1 STRATEGIC CONSIDERATIONS ...................................................................................................... 39 5.2 DEVELOPMENT HYPOTHESIS AND INDICATIVE RESULTS FRAMEWORK.................................... 40 5.2.1 Development Hypothesis .................................................................................................... 40 5.2.2 Indicative Results Framework ............................................................................................ 40 5.3 PROGRAMMATIC RECOMMENDATIONS ....................................................................................... 40 5.3.1 Priority Intervention: Local Governance Support ......................................................... 41 5.3.2 Secondary Prioritization: Continue to Support Broader Decentralization Needs at the Regional and National Levels .................................................................... 42 5.3.3 Priority Recommendation: Strengthen Independent Media Capacities, Including Cross-Sectoral Development Communications (for Local Governance, Health, Education, Agricultural/Economic Growth, Conflict Mitigation, etc.) ....................................................................................................................... 45 5.3.4 Priority Recommendation: Provide Modest Support to the 2012 Electoral Process ..................................................................................................................................... 46 5.3.5 Priority Recommendation: Cross-Cutting Synergies between DG and Other SO Teams: ............................................................................................................................... 47 5.4 CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................................. 48 ANNEX 1: INTERVIEW SCHEDULE ........................................................................... 49 ANNEX 2: REFERENCES ............................................................................................... 52 ii DEMOCRACY AND GOVERNANCE ASSESSMENT OF MALI ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ADEMA Alliance pour la Démocratie en Mali ADP Alliance
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