The Insular Empire: America in the Mariana Islands a film by Vanessa Warheit
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! The Insular Empire: America in the Mariana Islands A film by Vanessa Warheit DemoScreening Copy & Study Guide newday.com ! ! Produced with support from Pacific Islanders in Communications and the Corporation for Public Broadcasting THE INSULAR EMPIRE: AMERICA IN THE MARIANA ISLANDS SCREENING & STUDY GUIDE TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Getting Started • About this guide • Credits/Acknowledgements • About Te Insular Empire • Potential audiences • How to use Te Insular Empire • A note on spelling • Message from the flmmaker • Message from a participant (Dr. Hope Cristobal) 2. Setting up a Screening • Potential partners • Setting up a panel discussion • Getting to know your audience • How to facilitate a discussion • Community screenings • Classroom screenings • Faith-based screenings 3. Background • Timeline of U.S./Marianas history • Political status issues • Emotional, physical, and environmental health: key facts & fndings • Feature subjects: four people, four viewpoints 4. Discussion Questions • QuestionsDemo for small group discussion Copy • Questions for an indigenous audience • Questions for faith-based discussion • Questions for large group discussion • Sample university lesson plan • Topics and video modulesnewday.com for classroom study & discussion 5. Taking Action 6. Resources • For further reading • Online resources 7. How to Buy the Film PAGE OF 2 22 THE INSULAR EMPIRE: AMERICA IN THE MARIANA ISLANDS SCREENING & STUDY GUIDE 1.Getting Started About this Guide Te Insular Empire Screening & Study Guide can be used to help: • set up screenings and discussions appropriate to different audiences • inform and facilitate post-screening discussions • provide auxiliary information and links to additional resources Included in this Guide are links to video modules that focus on specifc issues. Modules include scenes from the flm, as well as additional video material. Please see pages 13 and 17 for a list of modules and suggestions on how to use them. Credits/Acknowledgements Te Insular Empire Study Guide was created by Vanessa Warheit, Dr. Hope Cristobal, Dr. Lisa Natividad, Dr. Dan Rosen and Dr. Keith L. Camacho. It was made possible through funding by Pacifc Islanders in Communications and the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. ! Demo Copy Sam McPhetres describes how the Marianas are not included in US history, geography, or civics textbooks. ! ! ! ! newday.com PAGE OF 3 22 THE INSULAR EMPIRE: AMERICA IN THE MARIANA ISLANDS SCREENING & STUDY GUIDE About The Insular Empire Depending on the size of your audience, Te Insular Empire is a one-hour screening Te Insular Empire can serve documentary produced independently by different purposes. At community screenings, Horse Opera Productions for PBS, with the the flm can be used for: support of Pacifc Islanders in • Raising awareness of issues around Communications and the Corporation for colonization Public Broadcasting. Credits are listed here1. • Building community unity and public Other funders include those listed here2. engagement ! • Organizing community action groups • Youth organizing Potential Audiences • Community education (e.g. community Try to be aware of who is in your screening history, current issues within indigenous audience. Tere are at least four potential communities) audiences for this flm, some or all of which • Re-examining conventional approaches to may overlap: American and/or island history • Indigenous and non-indigenous people • Raising awareness of social systems that from the Mariana Islands negatively impact marginalized and oppressed peoples • Indigenous people from outside the Marianas • Exploring indigenous identity • Exploring the effects of militarism or • Te general public of the United States tourism on indigenous people • Te international community ! Recognize that different audiences will bring In classroom settings, the flm can be used to: different perspectives to the screening and will therefore have different emotional • examine histories of U.S. continental and responses to the flm (based on their class, territorial expansionism gender, political, racial, and social • explore Chamorro, Carolinian and other backgrounds). Where relevant, this Guide will indigenous views include notes pertaining to each audience. • examine U.S. and Japanese geopolitical How to use DemoThe Insular Empire Copyrelations Te Insular Empire can be used in high school • study the history and legacy of World War II and college classrooms, large community in the Pacifc Islands meetings, faith-based venues and small-group • explore the history and effects of US settings. Te event could be as large and territorial law public as a community screening for 300 people, or as small and privatenewday.com as a home • compare US colonialism with other imperial screening for friends and family. Te histories facilitator should provide ample time to • examine the intergenerational transmission introduce and screen the flm, and to address of cultural trauma questions aferwards. We recommend allocating a minimum of two hours to do so. ! See Section 4 of this guide for suggested ! discussion topics. 4 22 PAGEOF THE INSULAR EMPIRE: AMERICA IN THE MARIANA ISLANDS SCREENING & STUDY GUIDE ! Four People, Four Viewpoints ! Hope Cristobal is a museum director, former A Note on Spelling Guam Senator, and creator Readers may notice that the words of Guam’s Commission on “Chamorro” and “Chamoru” are both used to Decolonization. For the describe the indigenous people, language, and past thirty years she has culture of the Mariana Islands. Currently, been struggling to make both spellings are considered appropriate. Te her people’s voices heard at the United “-ru” spelling is technically more true to Nations. Today she wonders who will follow Chamorro language pronunciation and in her footsteps. alphabet, and the “-rro” spelling tends to be used when writing in English; however the Carlos Taitano, a 92- choice of which spelling to use remains year old rebel patriot, ambiguous. For a more in-depth analysis of wants to be a full- this issue and its cultural, historical, and fledged American before political connotations, we recommend he dies. After serving as reading Gina Taitano’s excellent article on this an officer in the US subject in Guampedia 3. Army under General MacArthur, he led a Similarly, readers may notice the island of revolt that gave the Chamorro people of Guam referred to as “Guahan.” Tis latter Guam US citizenship. Today, he craves “the spelling refects the original Chamorro ultimate goal of every American citizen”: pronuncation, and is increasingly being used US statehood. by Chamorro activists in reference to their Lino Olopai worked homeland. first for the CIA and then for the Peace ! Corps, to help his family Carolinian vs. Chamorro survive after World Te Mariana Islands are home to two distinct War II. Today he is trying indigenous groups: the Chamorro people, to bridge the gap between his Carolinian who were the original native inhabitants, and roots and the freedoms that come with his the CarolinianDemo people, who settled the Copynew American identity. depopulated northern Marianas during the 19th century. Carolinians 4, or Refaluwasch, Pete A. Tenorio was a speak a dialect of the Trukic Languages 5, key negotiator of the while the Chamorros speak the Chamorro Northern Marianas’ language 6. Lino Olopai is Carolinian; the covenant with the US. flm’s other three subjects arenewday.com Chamorro. Devoted to all things American, he willingly ! sacrificed his islands’ sovereignty to make them a part of ‘the American political family.’ Today he begs Washington for his people’s basic needs, and struggles to maintain his faith in the American Dream. 5 22 PAGEOF THE INSULAR EMPIRE: AMERICA IN THE MARIANA ISLANDS SCREENING & STUDY GUIDE From the Filmmaker (Vanessa Warheit) many complexities of colonization that have When I began this flm in 2001, I knew there led to this highly militarized situation. were American overseas territories, but I Shortly afer Te Insular Empire was didn’t know a thing about them. Over the completed, the U.S. Department of Defense course of the next eight years, I visited the released plans for a new invasion of the Marianas four separate times; and in the Marianas: a massive military buildup of the process of making this flm I got the rare islands, the largest peace-time buildup in opportunity to learn - as an outsider - about history. Tis new buildup proposes to take their problematic relationship with America. more land, to increase Guam’s population by Many Americans ask me afer seeing the flm, over 40%, to dredge 70 acres of endangered “Why have I never heard anything about this coral reef, and to turn a cultural heritage site before?” Most of us don’t learn about into a live fring range. If implemented, it will America’s colonies in school, possibly because tax the island’s already strained natural and they don’t ft the standard mythology of the community resources to the breaking point. United States: a country that prides itself on While the Northern Mariana Islands are ‘freedom and justice for all’. Unlike the rest of welcoming the buildup as a solution to their us, the US citizens of the Insular Areas have desperate economic crisis, Guam’s people have no vote for their commander in Chief, no vote been shocked into action. For the frst time in in the US Congress, and no one representing 60 years, the Chamorros of Guam are their interests in the US Senate. Te US speaking out, and demanding a voice in the Constitution that Americans take for granted future of their island. Te release of Te doesn’t actually apply to US citizens if they are Insular Empire at this time is fortuitous, and I residents of the Marianas. To me, the fact that hope that it will spark discussions about the Americans on these islands don’t enjoy the role of the military (both in the Marianas and same rights and privileges that I do is unfair elsewhere), about the similarities and and fundamentally un-American. differences between Guam and the Northern However, my perspective comes from a place Marianas, and about the value of self- of privilege.