National Register of Historic Places
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NPS Form 10-900 National Historic Landmark Nomination OMB NO. 1024-0018 (3-82) E*P-10-31-84 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form See instructions in How to Complete National Register Forms Type all entries complete applicable sections__________________________________ 1. Name_____________________________ historic________Louisiana State Capitol____________________________________ and/or common "New" Capitol____________________________________________ 2. Location___________________________ street & number Capitol Drive_________________________________ not for publication city, town_______Baton Rouge_________ vicinity of______________________________ state Louisiana CO£je county East Baton Rouge Parish CO£je 3. Classification Category Ownership Status Present Use district _X public y occupied agriculture museum x building(s) private unoccupied commercial park structure both work in progress educational private residence x site Public Acquisition Accessible entertainment religious object in process yes: restricted x government scientific being considered _JXL_ yes: unrestricted industrial transportation no military other: 4. Owner of Property name____________State of Louisiana street & number Division of Administration city, town________Baton Rouge_______ vicinity of_____________state Louisiana 5. Location of Legal Description______________ courthouse, registry of deeds, etc. East Baton Rouge Parish Courthouse street & number_____________222 St. Louis Street_______________________________ city, town________________Baton Rouge___________________state Louisiana_______ 6. Representation in Existing Surveys__________ title National Register of Historic Places has this property been determined eligible? __ yes __ no date 1978______________________________________ federal _^_ state __ county __ local depository for survey records National Park Service_________________________________ city, town Washington, B.C. 20240 state 7. Description Condition Check one Check one excellent deteriorated y unaltered x original site x good ruins altered moved date fair unexposed Describe the present and original (if known) physical appearance The Louisiana Capitol is a 34-story, 450-foot, Alabama limestone, sculptured skyscraper designed by Weiss, Dreyfous, and Seiferth of New Orleans in 1929 under the administration of Governor Huey P. Long. The building is set on a high basement which contains service spaces. The ground lobby of "Memorial Hall" is approached from the south via a grand frontal stairway with one step for each of the forty- eight states which existed when the Capitol was built. The grand stairway is flanked by a pair of monumental sculptured figure groups modeled by Lorado Taft and executed by C. M. Dodd. The east group is dominated by an armored soldier and the mourners of a warrior slain in battle. The west group depicts "men and women of vision who created a state out of hostile wilderness." The "Memorial Hall" is entered through a massive four (4)-story rectangular opening carved in bas-relief with paneled bronze and glass doors. The Hall itself is 124 feet long and 40 feet wide. It rises to a shallow vaulted ceiling which sets upon a light entablature. The walls are articulated with pairs of stylized, fluted pilaster strips without capitals. These are executed in dark marble, which contrasts with the light marble of the walls. The end walls are decorated with murals by Jules Guerin and depict agriculture in the state. The hall is flanked by a pair of massive bronze doors which lead to the House Chamber on the east and the Senate Chamber on the west. These chambers occur in the wings, which flank the main sky scraper tower. Each chamber has a marble interior similar to the "Memorial Hall." There is an auxiliary space to the rear of the Hall which originally had four freestanding columns; "two of these columns have been removed. The columns, however, still exist and are slated to be replaced. Flanking this auxiliary space is a pair of elevator blocks which provide access to the office tower for the Governor and state officials. The exterior is the most impressive aspect of the building. It is massed as a progression of repeating blocks which rise to a central square tower. As the tower rises, it cuts away in stages from a square plan to an octagonal plan. The transition from square to octagon is made by four massive allegorical busts which occur at corners near the top of the main shaft. The detailing is worthy of note. The ground floor of the building is articulated with pilaster strips similar to those in the "Memorial Hall." There is also a shallow relief frieze formed of stylized figures. The upper octagonal cupola has a large pedimented window on all four sides; this area is garnished with symbolic stylized motifs. There is more carved ornamentation in this area than in any other part of the exterior building. The transition from the cupola to the beacon is by four massive flying buttresses. 8. Significance Period Areas of Significance Check and justify below prehistoric archeoloav-Drehistoric community olannina landscape architecture religion 1400-1499 archeology-historic conservation law science 1500-1599 _ agriculture economics literature sculpture <icnn _ icaa architecture education military social/ 1700-1799 art engineering music humanitarian 1 flnn_i RQQ commerce exploration/settlement philosophy theater _*^1900- communications industry _J&_ politics/government transportation invention ' other (specify) Specific dates Builder/Architect Statement of Significance (in one paragraph) Introduction "Turn it over to some collector of antiques," Huey Long, the governor of Louisiana emphatically stated in 1930. The belittled antecedent of Long's "it" was the old state capitol one of Louisiana's most venerable and architecturally important edifices. Designed by James Dakin and constructed in 1849, the capitol is one of the finest examples in the South of Gothic revival architecture. As of 1930, it was a symbol of the continuity of the political domination of Louisiana's tra ditional social and economic elite over the State's fortunes. Long perceived his election as governor in 1928 as a mandate to end the "hierarchy's" hold on state politics. A new capitol he thought, would symbolize the end of the old order. The edifice would say to the people of Lousiana and the rest of the United States that Louisiana had entered the modern era. History It is unclear when Huey Long first got the idea to include the construction of a new capitol on the agenda of the improvements he desired to bring to Louisiana. In 1924, when he first ran for governor, Long castigated then governor John M. Parker for tearing down the old buildings at Louisiana State University and moving the school to a new campus. "These are buildings," Long said, "for which we hold dear memories." By the time of his election in 1928, Huey had apparently changed his mind about the state's older buildings. One of his first acts as governor was to propose the construction of a new governor's mansion. When his political opponents protested that the old mansion was good enough for Long's predecessors, thus it should be good enough for the upstart from Winn Parish, Long ordered convicts from the state prison to tear down the old mansion. Long may have gotten the idea to build a new capitol as early as 1927 or it might have been in 1929. According to one account, he was one day in 1929 in New Orleans attending the dedication- of a new furniture store, when he turned to the man sitting next to him and told him that he was looking for an archi tectural firm to design a new capitol. The man Long was talking to, as Huey probably knew, was Leon Weiss of the architectural firm of Weiss, Dreyfous, and Seiferth. The firm had a reputation of being "political," i.e. it had designed many public buildings around the state. Weiss naturally immediately answered that his firm had the capability to handle the commission. In January 1930, Long announced that a new capitol was a part of his program. Concurrently, he secured Board of Liquidation funds to begin design work. Since Governor Long controlled these funds, he was able to begin the building without having to place a bond issue before the voters. Once the design work was under way, the construction of a new capitol became almost impossible to stop. In May, Long said that the building would cost $1,000,000. This figure proved much too 9. Major Bibliographical References see continuation sheet 10. Geographical Data Acreage of nominated property 30 acres Quadrangle name ___________ Quadrangle scale UTM References B A I li 5| I 6| 7, 4| 6, 0, 0| |3|3|7|0|8|4,0| IllSl J6|7i4l2iOiol I3i3l7iol3i7lol Zone Easting Northing Zone Easting Northing C I li sl I 6| 7, 3| 9j 5i 0| |3j3|7|0|3|5iQ| PJllSl |6|7i3l9l3iOJ I3l3l7iol7i8iol El . I I I . I . i I . I . I . i Fl . I I I . i . I i . I . I . I I I . I . I I . I . I . i Hi , I I I . I i , I I . i . i . I Verbal boundary description and justification See continuation sheet List all states and counties for properties overlapping state or county boundaries state code county code state code county code 11. Form Prepared By name/title James W. Sheire, Historian organization National Park Service - History Div. date street & number HOO L Street, N.W., Room 4141 telephone (202) 523-5164 city or town Washington, B.C. 20240 state 12. State Historic Preservation Officer Certification The evaluated significance of this property within theXtate is ftional 7__ state local As the designated State HistorforPreservation Officer for the Naponal Historic Preservation Act 6 (Public Law 665), I herebyjrominate this property for inclusion in the National Register and certify that it has evaluated according tonne criteria and/procedures se^orth by the Najrfonal Park Servlc State Historic Preservation Officer signajOre For NPS use only I hereby certify that this property is included in the National Register - date Keeper of the National Register Attest: date Chief of Registration OMBNo.