A MODEL FOOTBALL ACADEMY FOR RESIDENTS OF LYARI TOWN, , SINDH,

Dr. Syed Arif Kamal, Shahid Ali Khan, Dr. Soniha Aslam

ABSTRACT

This paper reviews and analyzes factors contributing to the rise and the fall of football game in Lyari Town. This town has the passion and the talent for football, which should be groomed to produce international players. A model football academy on the pattern of Grêmio (), Altınordu (Turkey), La Masia (Spain) and INF Clairefontaine (France) is proposed with football- oriented curriculum and international-level-football-training facilities on a green campus. The players are to be inducted at the age of 5 years after rigorous psychological and physical examinations as well as fitness testing. They study and play football here till they pass their Higher Secondary Certificate Examination. Measures are suggested for safety and security at campus as well as use and abuse of controlled substances. A survey was conducted to obtain opinions of footballers, coaches and general public in order to determine causes of decline of football in Lyari. The questionnaire was divided into 3 parts — lack of physical resources, noises influencing football game and shortage of human resources. The responses were indicative of the community‟s strong feeling that Lyarites can become international- standard footballers, if they are given the infrastructure and the facilities combined with motivation to achieve distinction. The proposed football academy should be the first step to change mindset of Lyarities from indulging in drugs and crime to healthy sport activities. Keywords: physical examination, psychological examination, sport-centered curriculum, talent hunting, vitamin-D deficiency Abbreviations FIFA: Fédération Internationale de Football Association • PFF: Pakistan Football Federation • SPSS: Statistical Package for the Social Sciences • WADA: The World Anti-Doping Agency.

INTRODUCTION

Globalization has influen- generate excitement in terms of ced sport, in particular, football. winning and losing with all the The world cup is equally enjoy- emotions and the technicalities ed by players as well as spec- associated. Football is believed tators. Similarly, various nation- to be one of the basic games in nal and international tournam- the world of sport. The residents ents as well as club following of Lyari infuse a new wave of The Sky (ISSN-2523-9368) Vol. 04, 2020 passion towards this game that zema, 2015). An old and a highly drive people mad, which needs populated town, Lyari is a place to be channelized to train the where more than 600 000 people youth to pursue a football reside. Their love for football can career. be noticed by more than 100 football clubs, 11 grounds and 2 This paper looks at the stadiums located in the town. hidden potential of residents of Lyari investigating the factors Lyari was first populated by contributing to the growth and the Sindhi people, who pursued the decline of football in Lyari fisheries as well as people from and proposes a model football Makran, Lasbela and Kalat distri- academy to discover and to cts, which are cities and areas of groom talent in this sport. Baluchistan, the province largest in area in Pakistan. These early THE LYARI TOWN residents came from Afro-Indian Lyari is one of the earliest Pakistanis, also recognized as towns of Karachi, the cosmopo- Sheedis. Historically, Sheedis are litan city and the main seaport of the decedents of captured slaves, Province of Sindh, Pakistan. Its mariners, servants and dealers name originated from the river from East Africa, who came to Lyari that streamed past this this region during 12th to 19th ce- region into the Arabian Sea. ntury. Their first stay was in lo- Riverbed of Lyari River extends wer Sindh as well as the Makran from Liaquatabad Town to Kar- coast, which gave them the name achi Port. There exist two large Makranis. conduits for stockpiling of wa- ter, which later combines into a TALENT HUNTING OF FOOT- single river. Between these two BALL PLAYERS courses, there are twenty to Lyarites are very passionate twenty-five fisher-society huts on playing football. Even, during located. During ancient times the holy month of Ramadhan, the mentioned spot was recogni- football tournaments are, not zed as Dirbo. Afterward, it was only, organized, but also, they renamed Kalachi-Jo-Goth, signfy- are at their peak. Clubs in the ing the town of Kalachi (Kho- locality encourage budding foot-

6 A Model Football Academy for residents of Lyari Town ballers to take part in the tourna- Carlos Tevez (Argentina), Arda ments and demonstrate their ta- Turan (Turkey) and Yusuf Yazıcı lent. It is the dream of every boy (Turkey). in Lyari to become a great foot- baller like Portegeuse Cristiano The interest of Lyarities is Ronaldo dos Santos, Argentinean noticeable during the season of Lionel Andrés Messi and Briazil- Football World Cup. Every lian Neymar da Silva Santos youngster, adult and older per- Júnior (Khan, 2019). They idea- son is noticed wearing the jersey lize Eric Abidal (France), Vincent of his favorite team. LEDs are Aboubakar (Cameroon), Emman- displayed in public places, uel Adebayor (Togo), Sergio Ag- where cheering and exciting üero (Argentina), Nicolas Anelka mobs scream around whenever (France), Demba Ba (France), Ga- a goal is secured. reth Bale (Wales), Karim Benz- ema (France), Faiq Bolkia (Bru- Lack of public attention nei), Merih Demiral (Turkey), towards sport, in particular, foo- Marouane Fellaini - Bakkioui tball has demotivated the pla- (Morroco-Begium), Mohummed yers, which made them getting Salah Hamed Mahrous Ghaly involved in evil deeds (Huma- (Egypt), Mario Götze (Germany), yun, 2017). Those, who do play Eden Hazard (Belgium), N'Golo football under these discoura- Kante (Mali-France), Sergio Rica- ging circumstances, do not poss- rdo May (Brazil), Ozan Mohum- ess training in current techni- med Kabak (Turkey), Ahmed ques, estimating the strengths Kutucu (Turkey), Kylian Mbappé and the weaknesses of other pla- (France), Wakaso Mubarak yers as well as disciplined train- (Ghana), Sergio Ricardo Neves ing tailored for specific skills (Brazil), Abdülkadir Ömür (Mahfooz, 2019). The inhabitants (Turkey), Mesut Ozil (Germany), enjoy street football and night Paul Pogba (Guinea-France), football. During the visit of for- Franck Ribery (France), Bacary eign ship crew to Karachi port, Sagna (France), Xherdan Shaqiri they would invite local laborers (Switzerland), Moussa Sissoko to play football. This is how the (France), Çağlar Söyüncü (Tur- game was introduced here. In key), Cengiz Ünder (Turkey), return, those laborers were paid 7

The Sky (ISSN-2523-9368) Vol. 04, 2020 keeping their motivation alive. football house, based in Lyari, Lyari is called Mini-Brazil. The was the PFF headquarters. Lyari children have overcome the life of being homeless, expo- Talent identification in foot- sed to violence, drugs and petty ball is based on the prediction of crimes before taking part in the elite football performance. Berg- Street Child World Cup in Rio kamp et al. (2019) critically eval- de Generiro, Brazil in April 2014 uated the methodology of stu- (Raheel, 2014a). Every household dies aimed to empirically relate here has a family football story performance characteristics to (Raheel, 2014b). This is a reality subsequent success in football. It that Lyari is excelling in football is suggested to employ these than any other part of the cou- scientific methodologies for tale- ntry. During the FIFA (Fédéra- nt hunting in the Lyari youth. tion Internationale de Football Association) tournament mat- SOME PROMINENT FOOTBALL ches, political tensions and gang ACADEMIES activities subside. Various local football competitions and leag- Before discussing the ues are organized each year to proposed football academy, let us satisfy the thirst of game enth- look at a few football academies of usiasts. These competitions give the world: Grêmio Academy, Porto the platform of training to the Alegre, Brazil; Altınordu Sports young footballers. Football grou- Club, İzmir, Turkey; La Masia, the nds of Lyari have contributed to Youth Football Club of international achievements of Barcelona, Spain and Centre football team of Pakistan (Khoz- Technique National Fernand Sastre, ema, 2015). Foundations of referred to as INF Clairefontaine Lyari‟s House of Football were (Institut National du Football de laid in 1976 much before the Clairefontaine), Clairefontaine- establishment of the PFF (Pakis- en-Yvelines, France. Law & tan Football Federation) House Sanderson (2019) describe the in 2003, the national football operation of Grêmio Academy. In headquarters based in Lahore the words of Francesco Barletta, (Hasan, 2020a). Before that the director of Grêmio, “We don‟t play to win, we play to develop.

8 A Model Football Academy for residents of Lyari Town

When the players get to this Altınordu Sports Club was level, it is a source of joy for us.” established on December 26, The objectives of the training are: 1923. Club colors are red and dark blue. The name comes from  Forming first-team players Altınordu State, a great Turkish  Produce players, who may Empire in the past. Altınordu adapt to any working model won championship 6 times in at any club in the world and Izmir League. At the end of are prepared for any situa- 2011- 2012 season, the team was tion. in the Turkish 3rd League (Professional). After the Seyit Players in all age groups Mehmet Özkan taking over the are trained in the fundamentals team, the club changed its — passing, shooting, control, structure and became a football heading and tackling; small- academy. Its young football phi- sided game is designed to work losophy comprises of good per- at the same time on keeping pro- son, good citizen and good foot- gression, counter-attacking and ball player. Club vision is crea- working the ball out wide. Their ting “elite professional football strength is diversity of the opp- players from the children of onents — Uruguay trains them these lands” and mission may be in physical confrontation; Para- described as providing “children guay, a lot of aerial balls; Argen- the opportunity to play sports, tina, speed; Chile, transitions; to make them sportsmen, and to more attack comes from Colum- find talent from them and to bians, making the Grêmio play- contribute to the country‟s foot- ers work on defence. The team ball” (Yaşar & Sunay, 2019). entrusted with developing play- ers consists of coördinator and In La Masia most of time of assistant coördinator of physical the players is consumed in stu- preparation, psychologist, edu- dying. They rise at 0645h, brush cation coördinator and social teeth and shower, have breakfast worker, grooming them acade- at 0700h and leave for school at mically in conjunction with on- 0730h, spending time on the field development. school premises from 0800h to 1400h, followed by lunch and 9

The Sky (ISSN-2523-9368) Vol. 04, 2020 free time till 1600h. After that, train even through the rain there is additional schooling as (Dean, 2018). well as training not exceeding 1 hour and 30 minutes. After taking Sugiyamaa et al. (2017) rec- another shower, they go back to ommend that the Japanese Foot- their dormitories. After dinner at ball Association and all stake- around 2100h, they have relaxa- holders connected with grass- tion time, which they can spend roots football be urged to con- on TV/Internet until 2245h. tinue working in unison to ach- After brushing teeth, the stud- ieve further encouragement of ents retire for the day at 2300h. grassroots football and even- La Masia‟s viewpoint is that a tually the promotion of family proper balance in studying, trai- football to eight million people ning and entertainment is the by 2030. chief requirement for football. “We're always looking for the MODEL FOOTBALL ACAD- type of player, who's not phy- EMY IN LYARI TOWN sical but a very good thinker, The proposed football aca- who's ready to take decisions, demy in Lyari is supposed to who has talent, technique and focus on the training of male agility”, observes Carles Folg- footballers. It should be named uera, director of La Masia (Sha- after a famous footballer of the hin, 2014). locality. Boys are to be inducted in the academy at the age of 5 Serving for the last 30 years, years; there‟ll be 2 intakes each Clairefontaine Academy produced year — spring and fall. The pros- many football players to play for pective players shall go through France. The large campus com- rigorous psychological examina- prising of 56 hectares has given tion, physical examination and the prospective footballers the fitness testing at the time of most sophisticated training faci- induction (Kamal & Khan, 2013; lities in Parisian region of France 2014; Kamal et al., 2017) to deter- to play for the French team in mine their suitability for pursu- Football World Cups. Motiva- ing a career in football. At the tion of the members can be seen end of every term, there should from the fact that youngsters be a follow up of psychological

10 A Model Football Academy for residents of Lyari Town cum physical examination com- Neftyanik accompanied by bined with fitness testing to youth teams from Soviet Union determine improvement in fit- (1964). In addition, teams from ness and health statuses (mental Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Uni- and physical) achieved during ted States of America and Tur- the term. key, also, played the matches (Ali & Khan, 2017). The students shall study in the academy till they pass their Following are the four Higher Secondary Certificate major infrastructure compone- (Intermediate)/A Levels (Cam- nts, which are needed for a bridge)/IB (International Baccal- successful operation of football aureate) examinations at the age clubs: 17-19 years. At this stage, they‟ll a) Physical installations that incl- enter Shaheed Bénazir Bhutto ude resources for training, University, Lyari or any other administrative offices, supp- reputable university of the cou- ort department as well as ar- ntry or a foreign country. eas for relaxation b) Material facilities, which must INFRASTRUCTURE OF THE be provided in these clubs ACEDEMY include medical, nutritional During Indo-Pakistan par- and physiotherapy assistance tition, KMC football stadium in c) Human resources such as man- Lyari was constructed, which agers, coaches and clinical comprised of deserted land enc- staff losed with 12-feet tall walls. d) Logistics, which means access Many international teams pla- to the training centers (dis- yed in this stadium. According tance) from airport, train-sta- to a famous football coach of tion, inter-city bus terminal, Lyari and Ex-FIFA Referee, stadium, hospital, etc. (Araujo Ahmed Jan, during sixties of the et al., 2014). last century, a number of teams from different countries visited In addition, there is a role Karachi for playing friendly ma- of social tensions behind the tches. These included Chinese XI economic drivers and social fou- (1963), Indonesian (1964), FC ndations of football. Jaworska 11

The Sky (ISSN-2523-9368) Vol. 04, 2020

(2020) argue “that the design of tocol — all at-risk cases should European club football, histori- be cally driven by the unpredic- tability of sport competition and Figure-1: Behavioral science, loyalty of fans, who stand intelligence and screening — behind their clubs regardless of three pillars for security arch- their performance, becomes a itecture: form of oligopoly, which in the long term can undermine its Behaviora development.” l Science

For the proposed academy, we need state-of-the-art build- ings — classrooms with multi- media projection. Teachers and Security coaches should be provided with iPad to convert this projection Intelligence Screening into smart board allowing tea- ching, football coaching and physical training from any part identifiable) and effective (tests, of the classroom. In addition, having high relative specificity, each classroom should have LED should be placed near the bott- display, glass board and boards om of the screening protocol — to put on posters and stickers as innocent players should not be well as flip charts. The academy inconvenienced). Relative sensit- should have a library/museum, ivity and relative specificity are a gymnasium, a large-size swim- defined in Kamal et al. (2013b) ming pool as well as profes- and explained in Kamal et al. sional football grounds, one with (2016b). Security is proper com- large LED display. bination of behavioral science,

intelligence and screening (Fig- Security in the Campus ure-1). It must be cour-teous and Screening should be effic- preserve human dignity (Figure- ient (tests, having high relative 2). sensitivity, should be placed at the top level of screening pro-

12 A Model Football Academy for residents of Lyari Town

The arts and the sciences gies (Kamal, 2010). Khan et al. of security screening should (2017) recommend that Govern- be considered as solutions ment of Pakistan must take optimized between players‟ concrete measures to ensure the dignity (privacy and modesty security of athletes. considerations) and the requ- irement for a detailed security Figure-2: Efficiency, effective- check. However, the problem ness, courtesy and decency — is like Russell‟s paradox in mathematics. If something ha- Efficency ppens in the academy because a player was not checked tho- roughly, then there is a genu- ine question, why not. If noth- ing happens, then one would Screening be questioning the need for a thorough search (Wasim et al., Courtesy Effectiveness and 2013). Decency

Hidden cameras, unusual motion-detection devices, hostile Bags and persons of pla- - intent detection through ther- yers should be checked for mal analysis of facial sweat, eye- weapons and pointed/sharp movement detection, all combi- objects using pat downs, can-ine ned through suitable algorithms teams and observers; send-ing and watched remotely by securi- carryon baggage through X-ray ty experts and psychologists, sh- machine — shoes, clo-thes and ould reduce such incidents. Buil- other personal items carried dings should have provisions in close to body should not be X their design to manage the situa- rayed (Kamal & Khan, 2014). tion in the event of a hostile ta- Belongings and persons of all keover. A proper threat analysis visitors, prospective parents, and should be performed on a daily staff from NGOs coming to basis at the start of each working campus, delivery personnel as day, weekend as well as during well as maintenance personnel vacations using latest technolo- should be security checked 13

The Sky (ISSN-2523-9368) Vol. 04, 2020

(Kamal & Khan, 2018) to avoid ling, electrical- bus / car / shooting spree by gunholding monorail / motorbike / tram indivi-duals in Marjory Stone- nonintersecting tracks on the man Douglas High School, Park- Green Campus‟ of football aca- land, Florida, United States demy. Cycles as well as elec- (2018) and Sandy Hook Elem- trical vehicles have zero emis- entary School, Newton, Conn- sions. There should be color- ecticut, United States (2012), coding for different routes of terrorist attack in the Army public transport as in New Public School and College, York City. Monorails and Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtun- trams should have different khwa, Pakistan (2014) as well as sides of exit and entry as is the terrorist take over in School practice in Japan — the exit Number One, Baslan, North door opening a few seconds Ossetia-Alania, Russia (2004). earlier than the entrance door. Such tracks should encourage A proper identification walking and jogging without mechanism should be an esse- fear of getting hit by vehicles. ntial part of security infras- Cycling provides light exe- tructure. Identification should be rcise. It is a faster mode of tra- based on face recognition using nsportation as compared to dotted- rasterstereography (Was- brisk walking. im et al., 2013) and biometrics (thumb impresssion). ID cards All fares of public trans- should have photograph of the port are to be paid through student, class, house, academy face recognition and biome- name as well as bar code, but not trics avoiding plastic pollution the name — if worn outside the and paper wastage — saving campus, strangers should not be trees (Kamal et al., 2012). able to address the student by his first name and possibly do No two buildings should harm. Same goes for school bags. be adjacent. There should be color-coding for different build- Green Campus ings on location and in maps Separate leisure walking, throughout the campus — same brisk walking, jogging, cyc- color for walking / biking /

14 A Model Football Academy for residents of Lyari Town driving tracks leading to build- FUNCTIONING OF THE ings. The buildings should be ACEDEMY open from all four sides with The academy should wide glass window panels fac- offer cutting-edge curriculum ing greenery and open space. All developing creative thinking buildings should be four stories and critical analysis (Kamal & or less, connected to other build- Siddiqui, 1986), making the ings / train station through sate- players leader- integrators, llite tunnels on first floor. There who are able to face challe- should be no structure on gro- nges of the third millennium, und floor. Such a setup should by applying sportsman spirit free the administrators from to all walks of life (Kamal, anxiety of flooding in case of 2013; 2015a). Curriculum dev- heavy outpour. Proper drainage elopment should be a process, system should be constructed for not an event, which is consta- all open walkways and roads. ntly updated to keep up with First floor should be 10 feet current educational and sport above the ground. All buildings trends. It must have depth should have smoke detectors, (building up knowledge thro- sprinklers, alarm systems as well ugh concepts and techniques as metallic exit stairways separa- learnt in previous classes — ted from the main structure. concept of pre- requisite of a These stairways should be conn- course) and breadth (enhan- ected to the main building thro- cing knowledge in one subject ugh metallic monkey bars. Such through concepts and techni- a setup has the potential to avo- ques learnt in another subject id tragedies like Grenfell Tower taken concurrently — concept in London, United Kingdom of co-requisite of a course). during June 2017. The buildings Deciding on philosophy, wri- should be earthquake resistant ting contents and developing — cement-concrete-mix-model- pedagogical techniques, the ing to determine strength of curriculum should cover structure should be based on the cognitive, affective as well as Lyari soil, not from data obtain- psychomotor domains. The ned in the United Kingdom. training of players must focus on concept building, which 15

The Sky (ISSN-2523-9368) Vol. 04, 2020 should lead to problem-solv-  Eagerness for competition. ing skills (Kamal, 2003; 2008)  Following the agreed-upon by involving them into deep team organizational rules. group discussions — the tea-  Self-discipline. cher (facilitator) should under-  Achieving confidence in self stand group kinematics (let- during the process of ting the group interact among training. members to come up with a  Controlling self in situations, direction) and group dynam- which produce stress. ics (periodically directing the  Obedience to the team. group towards one-to-four  Continuous pursuit of lines of action to decide for the development of self, both best and the most practical personal and sport. one). Continuous monitoring Tolerance and empathy of correlation of co-curricular towards different points-of-view activities with academic per- should be inculcated during formance should guide the each academic and co-curricular academy planners and admin- activity performed at the aca- istrators to refine co-curricular demy (Aslam, 2017) through em- activities (Iqbal et al., 2019). In phasizing team kinematics and order to promote international team dynamics of football (Fren- linkages and communication cken & Lemmink, 2007). During capabilities in out-of-country the course of studies and coa- competitions, the students’ sh- ching, future footballers should ould be required to learn two lean life skills, which include international languages, along communication, emotional skills, with English. goal setting, leadership, social For the purpose of effici-ent skills, teamwork and time mana- and effective teaching and gement (Yilmiz, 2020). Team sp- coaching, teachers and coa-ches irit influences personality deve- may use graphs, charts, maps, lopment of footballers, which diagrams, photographs, power- may be observed in (Barnat et al., point slides, web-based material, 2011): 3-D models (objects and subjects

16 A Model Football Academy for residents of Lyari Town

— e. g., demons-tration of written 30-40 years ago from the anthropometric-measurement time they were used in techniques on hu-man subjects), classrooms. To avoid embarra- interactive sof-tware and videos. ssment, year-of-publi-cation was A comprehensive course flyer omitted from the editions used. should be provided at the begin- ning of the session, complem- In order to maintain disci- ented by lecture notes for each pline, smoking as well as chew- topic. A lecture should be fol- ing of pan and gutka are not lowed by a tutorial, which may allowed for students, teachers, inc-lude discussion of the topics staff and administrators on the already covered/problem- so- academy campus. Players in the lving session. academy are not permitted to have tattoos on their body and Heavy school bags, in cannot wear any ornaments, e.g., which a number of books and chains, rings, lockets, etc. They copies are carried, contribute to have to grow very short hair on scoliosis instead of scholarship head. The academy should org- (Kamal, 2015a). It is suggested to anize Sindh-based matches for use only one book (different under-19, under-17, under-15, sections for different subjects) under-13, under-11 and under-9 and one workbook for a single players to discover budding term, with topic details and football players and offer scho- advancements supplemented larships to those, who show ex- through CD / online content. A ceptional potential. All matches fresh book and workbook should should be video recorded and be prepared for each term. This analyzed in slow motion for should allow subject updates to training and research purposes. be incorporated in the curri- culum, keeping the contents up- Integrated Sport-Oriented Cur- to-date in line with the fast riculum knowledge explosion and keep The Integrated Sport-Orien- the interests of students alive ted Curriculum is to be speci- (Kamal, 2015a; Kamal et al., fically designed for the academy, 2020b). The first author was which should include football- “blessed” with science textbooks, oriented examples in different 17

The Sky (ISSN-2523-9368) Vol. 04, 2020 subjects taught, e. g., languages Momin, Ghulam Hussain Patoo, (Arabic, English, French, Urdu, Moula Bakhsh Gotai, Khamisa Portuguese, Sindhi / Baluchi, Boss, Younus Rana and Ayub Spanish, Turkish), mathematics, Dar; Turkish footballers, e. g. Ali science, Quranic studies, Pakis- Sami Yen, Lefter Küçükandon- tan studies, Muslim history and yadis, , Ali Cemal, civilization, art, drama, health Ilhan Mansiz, .Ali Rıza Sergen and physical education, etc. Yalçın, Tanju Çolak, Mustafa (Kamal, 2009; 2016b). These Kemal Izzet Hasan Sas, Tugay could include computation of Kerimoglu, Nihat Kahveci, Nuri age of footballer (year-month-day) Sahin, Hakan Şükür, Rüştü and decimal age in mathematics Reçber and Emre Belozoglu; course; estimation of force exer- Brazilian footballers, e. g., Didi ted on a football during a kick in Waldyr Pereira, Manuel Fran- physics course; life history of cisco dos Santos , footballers of Pakistan in history Edson Arantes do Nascimento course, e. g., Qayyum Ali Chan- Pelé, Gérson de Oliveira Nunes, gezi, Abdul Waheed Durrani, , Jair Ven- Osman Jan, Moin-ud-Din Kutty, tura Filho, Roberto Rivellino, Captain Mohummed Umer Eduardo Gonçalves de Andrade (Pride of Performance Awards), Tostao, Arthur Antunes Coimbra Sergeant Mohiuddin Kutti (Pride (known as ), Paulo Roberto of Performance Awards), Musa Falcão, Brasileiro Sam- Ghazi, Masood Fakhri, Abid paio de Souza Vieira de Oliveira, Hussain Ghazi, Masood-ul- Romário de Souza Faria, Cláudio Hassan, Jamil Akhtar, Abdul André Mergen Taffarel, Marcos Ghafoor Majna, Mohummad Evangelista de Morais , Riv- Yousuf Senior, Yousuf Junior, aldo Vítor Borba Ferreira, Rob- Turab Ali, Ali Nawaz Baloch erto Carlos da Silva Rocha, Rona- (Pride of Performance Award), ldo Luís Nazário de Lima, Rona- Qadir Bakhsh Putla, Murad ldo de Assis Moreira- Baksh Makwa, Sunmbul Khan, Gaúcho and Marcelo Vieira da Ghulam Rabbani, Abdullah Silva Júnior as well as interna- Rahi, Hussain Killer, Taj Lala tional footballers, e. g., Alfredo Senior, Moula Baksh, Ghulam Stéfano di Stéfano Laulhé Abbas Baloch, Moula Baksh (Argentina / Colombia/Spain),

18 A Model Football Academy for residents of Lyari Town

Hendrik Johannes Cruijff (the prepare the students to enter Netherlands), top-ranking universities nation- (France), Diego Armando Mara- nally and inter-nationally dona (Argentina), Roberto Bag- (Siddiqui & Kamal, 1987). gio (Italy), Zlatan Ibrahimovic (Sweden), Andrés Iniesta Luján Co-Curricular Activities (Spain), Wayne Rooney (Eng- Players should be trained in land), (France). soft skills — communication Xavier Hernández Creus (Terr- skills, presentation skills, nego- assa / Spain), David Villa Sán- tiation skills, emotional intelli- chez (Spain), Iker Casillas Fern- gence (anger and depression ma- ández (Spain), Samir Nasri nagement), sport writing, foot- (France), Nemanja Vidić (Serbia) ball commentary as well as team and Wesley Sneijder (the kinematics and dynamics. They Netherlands). Posters, paintings should be assumed to start from and line drawings of football zero and trained (a) in the art of matches / footballers could be questioning, (b) to accept own included in arts class and lives of mistakes, (c) to formulate new famous footballers could be concepts, (d) to continue the portrayed in play (drama) — the habit of lifelong learning, (e) to goal is to make players live change mindset and (f) to kill through football culture during ego. In order to achieve these studies, activities and actual pra- objectives, the academy should ctice on a football field. have own TV and radio stations. Students should be given the Besides football as major, responsibility to bring out cam- the players are offered gymnast- pus newspaper, monthly news- tics and swimming as minor and letter and yearbook. To graduate table tennis, badminton, tennis from the academy, the player has as well as track and field as to participate in 5 elocution electives. contests, 5 essay-writing compe- titions, 5 general-knowledge Academy-University Interface competitions, 5 poster / model The academy curriculum making competitions and 20 should be interfaced with the hours of community service. In university curriculum and the final year, workshops are 19

The Sky (ISSN-2523-9368) Vol. 04, 2020 arranged to help the players to, and received from others as secure university or professional well as movements of other college admissions. footballers. Computerized cogni- tive training may enhance per- Development of Football Skills formance of footballers (Fózer- in Different Age Groups Selmeci et al., 2019). Eniseler et al. Classes for players in the (2017) conducted a study, which age range 5-7 years should focus showed that high-intensity, on coördination and improving small-sided games might be used overall fitness, recognizing indi- as a successful training method vidual talents and working to improve the abilities of short towards letting them shine. In passing as well as repeated the age range 7-9 years, football is sprint. learnt through activities and games, making the players fami- HEALTH AND SAFETY PERS- liar with basic techniques — PECTIVES controlling the ball, , observation skills, shots, etc. Daily Inspection Players in the age range 9-13 There is a need for morning years are supposed to master inspection, covering safety and the technique, making them security, physical and mental two-footed and fast, develop- health as well as cleanliness and ing spatial orientation, working hygiene. The physical portion on changing the tempo and should be directed towards dis- direction of the game as well as covering communicable diseases, making independent decision on whereas the mental portion foc- the spot. uses on discovering any form of abuse, peer pressure/bullying, Football needs selective, neglect and tendencies to dis- quick and well-timed responses turbed behavior (Kamal & Khan, to stimuli in visual and acoustic 2014) as well as discovering si- sensory modalities. Quick perc- gns and symptoms of schizo- eption and subsequent decisions phrenia/depression (Kamal & permit footballers to efficiently Jamil, 2012). The hygiene portion and effectively follow course of of inspection should be dedica- the game, the passes to be given ted to cleanliness of hair, nails,

20 A Model Football Academy for residents of Lyari Town uniform, shoes, vest, underwear concussion in football players. and socks. Those showing the Kerr et al. (2019) have published slightest abnormality must be a study, which reports concu- thoroughly examined by school ssion rates for high-school- doctor, before being allowed to football games rising. The aut- attend their classes. Daily insp- hors recommend, “Pediatricians ections should, also, include working with youth sport signs for use and distribution of organizations should advocate controlled substances. Hand the use of safety measures to washing after activity programs, help prevent concussions”. before and after consuming food and using washroom have the Controlled-Substance Prevention potential to reduce vital and Lyari is considered notor- bacterial problems (Kamal & ious for being the center of drug Khan, 2018). abuse (Ghani, 2014). Yaqoob Baloch, a football coach, observes Safety during Game of Football that Lyari‟s youth is very talen- Most accidents occur for ted and sports especially football under-11 students. Students sho- is a great way of keeping them uld be trained to follow safety away from street crimes and procedures (supplemented by drugs (Baloch, 2012). trainings for teachers, health-care team, staff, coaches, adminis- Players‟ person, belongings trators) combined with well- and lockers should be searched defined and properly document- on a daily basis. For boarders, ted policies on how to handle their dormitory rooms should be misadventures (Kamal & Khan, searched. There should be, zero 2014). Fire and disaster drills, tolerance‟ for drugs on WADA‟s accompanied by proper evacua- (the World Anti-Doping Age- tion instructions, must be part of ncy) prohibited list (Heuberger training. & Cohen, 2019). A good review of doping in sports may be Proper safety-gear must be found in Singh et al. (2017). In worn on head to prevent head- addition, use of painkillers shou- ball injuries (Braham et al., 2004). ld be discouraged, as the players Another matter of concern is may become addicted to them. 21

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Their overuse has indicated bones to prevent rickets and kidney problems in footballers tuberculosis (during early child- (Stafford, 2017). To reduce mus- hood), scoliosis (Kamal et al., cle stiffness after a vigorous 2015; 2016b; 2020b), kyphosis and game, oil massage and bath in lordosis (during later childhood lukewarm water is recomme- and adolescence) as well as ost- nded. eomalacia (during adulthood) and osteoporosis (during old Prevention of Vitamin-D Defi- age). Deficiency, which has not ciency been treated, may be the origin Vitamin-D deficiency is be- of backache, chronic fatigue, coming pandemic in Asian muscular and joint pain as well countries. Defined as a group of as progressively weakening eye- secosteroids, which is fat-soluble, sight (Kamal et al., 2013a). vitamin D increases intestinal All players in the academy absorption of micronutrients (ca- should be tested for vitamin-D lcium, magnesium and pho- deficiency and provided ample sphate). This vitamin is neces- opportunity to absorb sary for bone maintenance and recommended daily doses of proper absorption of calcium vitamin D through exposure of from food intake. Sun radiation skin to fresh air and sunshine goes through skin-layers called (last one guarded-graduated) as the epidermis, where there's a well as consumption of sun-ripe chemical termed as 7-hydrocho- fruits and vegetables (Kamal et lesterol, which is absorbed thr- al., 2013a; Kamal & Khan, 2018). ough ultraviolet light to make Shirt and skin teams should be pre-vitamin-D molecule. Warm formed for internal competitions, skin changes pre-vitamin D3 to which should provide fresh air vitamin D3, which moves into and sunshine to footballers. the blood system, so as to be activated and used (Kamal & Psychological Well-Being Khan, 2018). Football psychology may A daily dose of 600 IU is be considered as the study of recommended according to the footballer‟s behavior. This speci- Consensus Report of the Institute alization deals with psychology- of Medicine, in order to preserve ical/mental factors that affect

22 A Model Football Academy for residents of Lyari Town football performance. The men- assisting the footballer to expand tal-game coach should utilize his range of mental skills to gain this information to boost the more control through synchro- performance of an individual as nizing mind and body. This type well as a team, by controlling of coaching motivates the emotions and bringing to mini- athletes to link their mental skills mum the psychological effects of and physical abilities to achieve injury and poor performance. Peak Performance. This is accomplished through A group from Karolinska teaching of skills, e.g., goal sett- Institutet, Solna, Stockholm Cou- ing, relaxation, visualization, nty, Sweden used standardized self-talk, concentration, confi- neuropsychological assessment dence using rituals, attribution tools to evaluate players' general training, awareness and control. executive functions including If the coaching is concen- on-line multi-processing such as trated on the overall objective of cognitive flexibility, creativity winning, it may end up with the and response inhibition. Based coaches being negligent to the on their analysis of their results, pedagogical aspects of football, the authors conclude that both which may be harmful to both high-division players and low- the athletes as well as the coa- division players showed better ches. The personalities of the measures of executive functions young footballers subjected to in comparison to the norm group educational and emotional neg- (Vestberg et al., 2012). lect might develop in a one-sided Saether (2018) studied deg- manner with the consequence of ree of stress levels experienced either identifying with the by Norwegian football academy principle of winning at all costs‟ players aged 12-16 years in 2013 or to early dropout and short- and 2016, divided into 3 age lived football careers at the other groups 12-13 years, 14 years and extreme (Varga et al., 2018). 15-16 years. The results showed Mental-game coaching sho- that 2016 footballer’s demonstra- uld concentrate on athlete‟s ted significantly lesser evalua- mental performance as well as tion stress as well as develop- physical abilities and assess mental stress and considerably skills of mental preparation, by more academic stress as com- 23

The Sky (ISSN-2523-9368) Vol. 04, 2020 pared to 2013 footballers. As a phy) and non-invasive (panto- group, footballers showed posi- graph for drawing spinal out- tive development due to reduced line) procedures to determine evaluation stress. statuses of body organs (struc- Football may act as healing ture and function) so as to form a for many children in the war diagnosis (Kamal et al., 2017). zones. In the war-torn Syrian Physical examinations should refugee camps, game of football include thorough eye inspection has been organized among to pinpoint signs of dilated pu- refugee children by the German pils indicating use of controlled cultural organization. Goethe- substances (Kamal & Khan, Institut Lebanon joining hands 2014). with the David Nakhid Football The main objective of pre- Academy arranged to train 150 participation physical examina- children and teenagers daily for tion and (health- + skill-) related six weeks. Rim is a teenager, fitness testing is safety of pros- who lived in a refugee hut in the pective footballers, their team- Beqaa Valley since her family left ates, their coaches and staff of Syria in 2012. She remarks, the academy. It aims to find out “When I play football, I forget conditions, which may cause about what we‟ve seen on the serious injury and harm during run” (Goethe-Institut Libanon, football practice, e.g., heart pro- 2016; 2018; 2019a; b). blems (Wilbert-Lampen et al., 2008), epilepsy, hernia (Gilmore Physical Examinations and et al., 2014) or hydro seal and Fitness Testing correctable conditions (if detec- In physical examination, ted early), e.g., knees knocking, the sport doctor employs phy- communicable diseases, e. g., sical senses (hearing, sight, sm- skin infections, evaluation of ell, taste, touch) aided by sight and hearing (so that instruments (ophthalmoscope, footballers may follow and copy otoscope, stethoscope, thermo- procedures). meter, etc.) as well as non-contact End-of-the-term evaluation (clinical photography, moiré should combine physical exami- fringe topography, rasterstereo- nation with fitness testing (Kam- graphy, dotted-rasterestereogra- al & Khan, 2013; 2014). It should

24 A Model Football Academy for residents of Lyari Town concentrate on performance con- File 2) as well as video series on siderations and improvements anthropometry (Kamal, 2017b). achieved from the previous term. The footballers should be given 6 It has been observed that football monthly targets to maintain hei- practice is associated with dec- ght and weight through recom- rease in fat weight and a discrete mendations generated from Gro- increase in bone and muscle wei- wth-and- Obesity Vector-Road- ght (Alburquerque et al., 2005). map 2.5 (Kamal et al., 2020a — Mendes et al. (2015) describe a Additional File 4), supported by study of flexibility and sprint- guidelines to change lifestyle as performance values of adoles- well as provided with diet plans cent footballers. According to (Kamal et al., 2020a — Additional them, flexibility decreases with File 5). At the end of 6-month per- age and this influences negate- iod, compliance with the recom- vely the sprint performance. mended targets of height achie- Training is required in every vement and weight management training department, in order to is determined (Kamal et al., 2020a improve this specific skill of foot- — Additional File 6). Puberty ball. Flexibility of the muscles rating based on Tanner scales should be developed with a must be conducted at every program at a tender age. checkup for peripubertal and The players should be pubertal footballers (Kamal et al., monitored to maintain optimal 2017). This can be done only if weight-for-height (Kamal, 2017a; the community beliefs and Kamal et al., 2011a), based on attitudes towards childhood obe- anthropmetric measurements sity are changed in the positive (height and weight) taken as per direction (Aslam et al., 2013). agreed-upon protocols, with the Mohummed et al. (2018) studied players barefoot, stripped- to- fat mass versus body-mass index briefs, all clothing above the as relationship connectivity and waist removed (Kamal, 2016a). its contribution to the prediction The first author has prepared of the aerobic capacity growth step-by-step procedures of obtai- level to monitor the football ning height and weight illustra- player weight. ted through labeled photographs During the physical exami- of (Kamal 2017a — Additional nation, condition of feet is to be 25

The Sky (ISSN-2523-9368) Vol. 04, 2020 thoroughly checked for fungus exercises for 5-minute duration infection, cuts and bruises after each session. Details of such (Kamal et al., 2011b). In addition, exercises are given elsewhere they should be trained to main- (Kamal & Khan, 2014; 2018). tain good posture (sitting and standing) from the age of 5 years Study Design — posture analysis should be Convenience sampling was performed regularly using moiré employed to 100 responders (so fringe topography (Suzuki et al., that the data are normally 1981) and dotted-rasterstereo- distributed) to find out reasons graphy (Wasim et al., 2013). of growth and downfall of From the age of 7 years, gait tra- football in the Lyari Town. Once ining should be started (Kamal et these factors are identified thro- al., 2016a) and from the age of 8 ugh data collection and analysis years, they should be thoroughly based on statistical methods and checked for scoliosis (Kamal et techniques, measures shall be al., 2015; 2016b), classifying each taken in the proposed football player as low-risk, medium-risk academy to overcome these or high-risk for falling prey to hurdles and provide challenges scoliosis in order to formulate and oppor- tunities to the future appropriate strategies for follow footballers of nation. through (Kamal et al., 2020b). Sport teams should be formed Sampling according to build (Kamal & A questionnaire was desi- Khan, 2015) as well as classroom gned according to hypotheses sections — this‟ll provide the and given, as a schedule, to 100 teacher opportunity to ask persons (70 football players + 10 students to exchange seats, when football coaches + 20 general pu- half of the lesson is through; blic, enthusiastic about football) keeping them alert and attentive. belonging to the Lyari Town. Further, this arrangement should allow teachers to interact with a Collected Data maximum number of students The responses to 20 (Kamal, 2015b). There should be questions under the following setting-up exercises at the start of headings were recorded by our school day and end-of-the-class research team:

26 A Model Football Academy for residents of Lyari Town

 Lack of physical resources — The questions asked are facilities and infrastructure (8 listed in Table-1. They were rated questions). according to 5-point Likert Scale  Noises influencing football having options — strongly agree, game — law and order agree, neutral, disagree or situation in the Lyari Town (6 strongly disagree. The responses questions). to questionnaire were supplem-  Shortage of human resources ented with discussions and inter- — coaches and trainers (6 views. questions).

Data Analysis Data were analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) Version 22.

I. Lack of Physical Resources — Facilities and Infrastructure A: Lack of custom-built grounds making players unable to play in a proper fashion B: Deficiency of support from the authorities C: Low funding and spending on Lyari Football due to poverty of the community D: Shortage of local football organizations and clubs E: Performance of the players not satisfactory F: Sponsorship lacking for football activities G: Supporting clubs involved in unfairness and corruption H: People find it difficult to cooperate with the supporting organizations II. Noises Influencing Football Game — Law and Order Situation I: Socio-economic conditions of Lyarites force them to abandon playing and work for earning J: Support lacking from the government side K: Usage of drugs has adverse effects on the local teams L: Weak communication skills and deficient education cause difficult relationship with coaches M: System of the region difficult to get along with N: Players abandon football career because of personal conflicts and affairs III. Shortage of Human Resources — Coaches and Trainers O: Absence of qualified coaches triggering the decline of football P: Increasing crime rate in Lyari causing adverse effects on the football activities Q: Lyari losing capable football players R: Lyari lacking talent S: Motivation missing from the players T: Coach unable to influence decision-making 27

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Table-2: Responses to Different Questions

Results trained in this institution to Responses are presented as proceed for competitor country- percentages, showing how many level teams in a national acad- of the responders strongly agree, emy and ultimately prepare agree, neutral, disagree or stro- these jewels to become profess- ngly disagree with the statement ional footballers through acade- presented to them (Table-2). mic-program process (Samur, 2019). For this purpose, teams Discussion and Future from other schools should be Directions invited to come and practice on The survey indicated that the academy grounds on week- community feels strongly that ends to provide opportunities for Lyari has the potential to pro- our students to interact with duce international-standard foot- other footballers. ballers, if the community is given infra- structure, facilities and ne- Once established, the Lyari cessary motivation to achieve Football Academy should exp- distinction for the sake of comm- and its operations to train coa- unity and on a larger scale for the ches, referees and managers of sake of Pakistan. football teams. Parents should take a pro-active role in initiating The proposed football aca- volunteer programs to involve demy may be the first step in this their children in football from the direction. The input should be age of 5 years (Siedentop, 2003).

28 A Model Football Academy for residents of Lyari Town

Looking at the passion of the build the largest football stadium Pakistani girls for football (Mon- in the world! itoring Desk, 2019), an academy for girls similar to the one pro- Conclusion posed in this paper for boys may In this work the authors be started once the boys‟ set-up is have proposed a model football streamlined. Two of the Pakis- academy for residents of Lyari tan‟s national women football Town. A survey was conducted team players, Fatima Imran and to find out the factors contri- Huda Naz, emerged from Al- buting to decline of football in Qadir School in Chakiwara in the Lyari area. The questions Lyari Town, by practicing in a were asked about the lack of faci- football ground situated on the lities, infrastructure, coaching rooftop of their school building and training as well as law and (Hasan, 2020b). order situation in Lyari. Results of the survey indicated that play- Football should act as cata- ers, coaches and general public lyst to bring out national pride are aware of the situation and and national unity, religious feel the need for a breeding space harmony, racial tolerance and for future footballers. The idea of acceptance of ethnic diversity model football academy is trig- with team efforts employed to gered by the philosophy of Berea minimize social-cultural division College, a private liberal arts in the community and channe- college located in Berea, Ken- lizing all efforts to physical well- tucky, United States. One of Am- being (Iqbal et al., 2012). erica’s top colleges, Berea awards every enrolled student a no- Long-term goals should be tuition promise, providing stud- to bring Pakistani football to ents from minority and margina- international scenario, establish- lized communities a chance to ing close liaison with footballers get quality education. A proper of Turkey, Brazil, Spain and Fra- balance of knowledge, skills and nce. If India can have the largest abilities should bring out the cricket stadium in the world, we natural footballer in every boy, the Pakistanis could strive to through discipline, routine, com- petition and performance 29

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(Figure-3). The academy should good clothes, I didn't have food. I groom the footballers to have have so much today that I want physical, mental, social and to share it with my people inst- spiritual maturities by regular ead of showing off”. The acade- monitoring of their chronology- mics and the football practice ical, developmental, phenotypic should mold personalities of the (biological) and skeletal ages. young footballers to have resil- They should have the emotional ience, grit, fortitude, persever- capacity to deal with the upcom- ance, stamina and positive tem- ing challenges and opportunities perament. Football academy in of their profession (football), in Lyari should, not only, produce particular, and life, in general. top-ranking footballers, but also, They should be made to realize persons who have discipline, the value of money earned thr- integrity, tolerance and sensibi- ough sport and not showing off lity to tackle demanding problems or overspending it. A football in the world with complex eco coach in the United States makes nomic and social interdepend- around 10 million US dollars ann- ence, contributing to Gross Natio- ually (Michael Bennet, Retired nal Happiness of the country. NFL Player in Christian Aman- pour Show, CNN, August 13, Figure-3: Knowledge, skills and 2020). The world famous football abilities — ingredients for holistic player Sadio Mane of Senegal education (West Africa), whose income is Indian Rs 1 crore 40 lakh per week, was seen with broken mo- Knowledge biles in his hand. When asked why he did not purchase a new one, he remarked, “I could buy a thousand — 10 Ferraris, 2 jet planes, diamond watches, but Education why do I need all of these. I saw poverty, so I couldn't learn, I built schools so that people could Skills Abilities learn, I didn't have shoes, I pla- yed without shoes, I didn't have

30 A Model Football Academy for residents of Lyari Town

Acknowledgment KEY POINTS The authors would like to  The residents of Lyari are thank Professor Dr. Yasmeen extremely enthusiastic about Iqbal Qureshi, HOD, Department playing football, which has of Sports Sciences and Physical been a part of their culture. Education, University of Lahore,  Every boy in Lyari dreams to for many informative discussions become a great footballer like and valuable suggestions on the Ronaldo, Messi or Neymar. topic. The second author owes  Lack of public encourage-ment deep gratitude and profound res- towards football, in par-ticular, pect to his inspirational mentor from Government agencies has for her kind interest, coöperation, demotivated players. support and inspiring guidance  A state-of-the-art football aca- to work on this very talented demy is proposed to discover area of Lyari; unluckily the pub- and groom football talent licity is focusing only on the neg- among the youth of Lyari. ative aspects of the community.  Factors hampering develop- ment of football in Lyari are Dedication surveyed through question- The authors would aire administered to coaches, like to dedicate this players and general public. paper to the loving memory of Captain Informed Consent Mohummed Umer Informed consent was obta- Baloch (1935 - March 21, 2004). A ined from each person giving recipient of Pride of Per-formance, responses, prior to administering Umer was 13th captain of football the survey questionnaire. team of Pakistan. Born in Gul Mohu-mmed Lane, Lyari, Umer Conflict of Interest started his football career at the The authors declare no con- age of 13 years playing for Qadri flict of interest. This work con- Sports, Lyari. He repressented tains no libelous or unlawful sta- Pakistan in China, Hong Kong, tements and does not infringe or India, Japan, Malysia, Maynmar, violate the publicity or the Singa-pore and Sri Lanka. He privacy rights of any third party. was member of selection 31

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32 A Model Football Academy for residents of Lyari Town

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full text: https://www.ngds-ku.org from sport-mathematics research. /Papers/C70.pdf The Second Educational Conference on Educational Challenges of the Pakistani Kamal, S. A. (2009, January 15). The Children in the Twenty-First Century, Integrated Educational System: a p. 1, Karachi, Pakistan: Faculty of pre-university educational system Education, University of Karachi for the third millennium. The Sindh (keynote lecture); extended abstr- Educational Conference, Karachi, Pak- act#1: https://www.ngds-ku.org/ istan: Jamia Millia Government Col- Presentations/Research-Teaching- lege of Education (keynote lecture ComDev.pdf delivered as Chief Guest); extended Kamal, S. A. (2016a, April 7). Manual for abstract: https://www.ngds-ku.org Obtaining Anthropometric Measur- /Presentations/Education.pdf ements, version 9.11. Kamal, S. A. (2010, May 10, 11). An The NGDS-Pilot-Project-e-Publication, airport-passenger-screening system Karachi, Pakistan: University of based on emitted IR and thermal Karachi; full text: https://www. radiation. The Fifth Symposium on ngds-ku.org/ngds_folder/M02.pdf Computational Complexities, Innova- Kamal, S. A. (2016b). Pedagogical chal- tions and Solu- tions (CCIS 2010), lenges and opportunities in sport Abbotabad, KP, Pakistan: COMS and anthromathematics. The Karachi ATS Institute of Information Techn- University Journal of Education and ology; extended abstract: https:// Research, 4: 1-30; full text: https:// www.ngds-ku.org/Presentations/ www.ngds-ku.org/Papers/J44.pdf Security.pdf Kamal, S. A. (2017a). Integration of Kamal, S. A. (2013, December 12). Desi- BMI-based-optimal mass and height- gning curricula, which produce percentile-based mass to propose the leader-integrator of tomorrow. The sixth-generation solution of child- Karachi University Educational Conf- hood obesity. International Journal of erence, pp. 3, 4, Karachi, Pakistan: Biology and Biotechnology (Karachi), 14 Faculty of Education, University of (4): 485-502; full text: https:// Karachi (keynote lecture); extended www.ngds-ku.org/Papers/J49.pdf abstract: https://www.ngds-ku.org Additional File 2 — Height, Mass and /Presentations/Leader-Integrator. MUAC Measurements (step-by-step pdf protocols illustrated through labeled Kamal, S. A. (2015a). Designinng curr- photographs): https://www.ngds- icula of mathematics, which produce ku.org/Papers/J49/Additional_File leader-integrator of tomorrow. The _2.pdf Karachi University Journal of Education Kamal, S. A. (2017b, October 15). A and Research, 3: 11-42; full text: https: series of 5 videos on Anthropometry //www.ngds-ku.org/Papers/J39.pdf of Children‟ First Video — Kamal, S. A. (2015b, September 2). Res- Introduction to Anthrop-ometry of earch empowering teaching for com- Children: https:// youtube/sXGG munity development: an example aM73S3E Second Video —

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Preliminaries: https://youtube/Gxn interpolation method. International EowK0AcE Journal of Biology and Biotechnology Third Video — Measurement of Height (Karachi), 8 (1): 87-96; full text: https of Children: https://youtu.be/l1xs- ://www.ngds-ku.org/Papers/J29 xkhiBk Fourth Video — .pdf Measurement of Mass of Children: https://youtu.be/q916pgYCiC8 Kamal, S. A. & Jamil, S. S. (2012). A Fifth Video — Measurement of method to generate Growth-and- MUAC of Children: Obesity Profiles of children of still- https://youtu.be/O6pr7wfgA_0 growing parents. International Journal of Biology and Biotechnology (Karachi), Kamal, S. A., Azeemi, H. I. & Khan, S. 9 (3): 233- 255; full text: https:// R. (2017). Psychological testing, phy- www.ngds-ku.org/Papers/J30.pdf sical examination and fitness testing Kamal, S. A. & Khan, S. A. (2013, of primary-school students for September 4, 5). Fitness for primary- participation in gymnastic activities. school children. The First Conference Pamukkale Journal of Sport Sciences, 8 on Anthromathematics in the Memory (2): 15-40; full text: https:// of (Late) Syed Firdous (ANTHRO- www.ngds-ku.org/Papers/J48.pdf MATHE- MATICS 2013), p. 24, Kamal, S. A., Ansari, M. J., Ansari, S. A. Karachi, Pakistan: Department of & Naz, A. A. (2020a). Two-param- Mathematics, University of Karachi eter (height and mass) problem and Hyderabad, Pakistan: Gover- solved by fitting parabolic curves — nment College; extended the eighth-generation solution of abstract#Anthro13-18: https://www childhood obesity. International .ngds-ku.org/Presentations/Fitness Journal of Biology and Biotechnology .pdf (Karachi), 17 (1): 23-57; full text: https: Kamal, S. A. & Khan, S. A. (2014). //www.ngds-ku.org/Papers/J54.pdf Primary-physical-education practi- Additional File 4 — Methods of Constr- ces in Pakistan and England: health uction of Roadmaps 2.5: https:// and safety perspectives. International www.ngds-ku.org/Papers/J54/Additi Journal of Biology and Biotechnology onal_File_4.pdf (Karachi), 11 (2&3): 401-419; full text: Additional File 5 — Lifestyle Adjustm- https://www.ngds- ent, Diet and Exercise Plans: https:// ku.org/Papers/J33.pdf www.ngds-ku.org/Papers/J54/Additi Kamal, S. A. & Khan, S. A. (2015). onal_File_5.pdf Hairstyle, footwear and clothing for Additional File 6 — Navigational and gymnastic activities in the primary- Guidance Trajectories for Z. I. R.: school setting. Pamukkale Journal of https://www.ngds-ku.org/Papers Sport Sciences, 6 (3): 46-64; full text: /J54/Additional_File_6.pdf https://www.ngds-ku.org/Papers Kamal, S. A., Jamil, N. & Khan, S. A. /J37.pdf (2011a). Growth-and-Obesity Prof- Kamal, S. A. & Khan, S. A. (2018). iles of children of Karachi using box- Overcoming vitamin-D deficiency in 35

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male gymnasts during preteen years. (Karachi), 12 (2): 317-328; full text: htt The Sky (International Journal of ps://www.ngds-ku.org/Papers/J36 Physical Education, Health, Sports and .pdf Allied Sciences), 2: 60-75 — Table-1: Kamal, S. A., Raza, S. K. & Sarwar, M. Morning inspections, p. 65, Table-2: (2016b). Mathematical modeling of Exercise plans, p. 66; full text: scoliosis indicators in growing chi- https://www.ngds-ku.org/Papers/ ldren. International Journal of Biology J50.pdf and Biotechnology, 13 (3): 471-484; full Kamal, S. A., Manzoor, C. M. S. & Khan, text: https://www.ngds-ku.org/Pap S. A. (2013a, September 4, 5). Diet- ers/J42.pdf based interventions and vitamin-D Kamal, S. A., Raza, S. K. & Sarwar, M. deficiency. The First Conference on (2020b). Effectiveness of proposed Anthromathematics in the Memory of risk indicators in scoliosis case (Late) Syed Firdous (ANTHROMAT- finding. International Journal of HEMATICS 2013), p. 14, Karachi, Biology and Biotechnology (Karachi), 17 Pakistan: Department of Mathema- (3): 517-530; full text: https:// tics, University of Karachi and Hyd- www.ngds-ku.org/Papers/J56.pdf erabad, Pakistan: Government Kamal, S. A. & Siddqui, K. A. (1986, College; extended abstract# Anthro December 27, 28). How to develop 13-08: https://www.ngds-ku.org/Pre creative thinking and critical ana- sentations/VitaminD.pdf lysis? Proceedings of the Second Kamal, S. A., Rajput, M. K. & Ansari, S. Workshop on Teaching of Physics, edi- A. (2016a). Gait analysis of 7-10-year- ted by A. F. Hasnain, Karachi, old children of Karachi from Pakistan, pp 51-56; full text: https:// nutritional-status perspective. Intern- www.ngds-ku.org/Papers/C24.pdf ational Journal of Biology and Kamal, S. A., Sultan, F. & Jamil, S. S. Biotechnology (Karachi), 13 (1): 13-25; (2013b, September 4, 5). Sensitivity full text: https://www.ngds- and specificity of screening tests. The ku.org/Papers/J41.pdf First Conference on Anthromathematics Kamal, S. A., Rajput, M. K. & Khan, S. in the Memory of (Late) Syed Firdous A. (2011b, November 19). 3-D-optical (ANTHROMATHEMATICS 2013), p. imaging in diabetic foot care of 13, Karachi, Pakistan: Department of children. Symposium on Diabetic Foot Mathema- tics, University of Karachi Care, Karachi, Pakistan: Department and Hyderabad, Pakistan: Govern- of Orthopedic Surgery, Jinnah ment College; abstract#Anthro13- Postgraduate Medical Center, Najm- 07: https://www.ngds-ku.org/Pres uddin Auditorium, JPMC, p. 1, entations/Screening.pdf extended abstract: https://www.ng Kamal, S. A., Wasim M. & Saeed, F. ds-ku.org/Presentations/JPMC.pdf (2012, May 7, 8). A cardless Kamal, S. A., Sarwar, M. & Razzaq U. identification and charge system. The (2015). Effective decision making for Seventh Symposium on Computational presence of scoliosis. International Complexities, Innovations and Solutions Journal of Biology and Biotechnology (CCIS 2012), Abbotabad, KP, Pakis-

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tan: COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (invited Mohummed, Z., Madani, R., Mokhtar, paper); extended abstract: https:// & Ali, B. (2018). Fat mass versus www.ngds-ku.org/Presentations/Ca body mass index as relationship con- rdless.pdf nectivity contributes to the pred- Kerr, Z. Y., Chandran, A., Nedimyer, A. iction of the aerobic capacity growth K., Arakkai, A., Pierpoint, L. A. & level to monitor the football player Zukerman, S. L. (2019). Concussion weight. Asian Exercise and Sport incidence and trends in 20 high Science Journal, 2 (2): 8-15; doi: ht school sports. Pediatrics, 144 (5): tps://doi.org/10.30472/aesj.v2i2.44 e21092180; doi: https://doi.org/10 Monitoring Desk (2019, September 8). .1542/peds.2019-2180 Mountain girls pursue love for Khan, A., Iqbal, Y. & Khan, S. (2017). football. Karachi, Pakistan: Dawn, Effects of terrorism on sports activ- p.3 (national) ities in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: a case Raheel, N. (2014a, April 6). Street child study of district Swat and Buner. The world cup: not the title, but Sky (International Journal of Physical Pakistani kids win a lot of hearts: Education, Health, Sports and Allied The Express Tribune Sciences), 1: 12-29 Raheel, N. (2014b, July 1). The footballer Khan, H. A. (2019, August 18). The within every Lyarite. Karachi, rising stars of Lyari. Karachi, Paki- Pakistan: The Express Tribune stan: Dawn, p. 4 (EOS) Khozema, Z. Samur, S. (2019). Process management (2015, October 11). The other side of in football youth development pro- Lyari. GC University, Lahore, Pakis- gram. Journal of Education and tan: Ravi Magazine Training Studies, 7 (9): 8-21 Law, J. & Sanderson, T. (2019, Septe- Saether, S. A. (2018). Stress among mber 5). Inside the Grêmio academy, talents in a football academy. Sport home of Brazil‟s brightest young Mont, 16 (2): 3-8 footballers. London, UK: Guardian Shahin, A. (2014, December 8). La (Yellow and Green Football); full Masia: the pinnacle of European text: https://www.theguardian.com football youth academies — fact or /football/2019/sep/05/gremio-aca fiction? Wasington, D. C., United demy-brazil-exciting-players-copa- States: Sbanton libertadores Siddqui, K. A. & Kamal, S. A. (1987, Mahfooz, S. (2019, April 17). Legendary star October 14-17). A survey of school aims to forward football in Pakistan. and pre-university physics educa- Lahore, Pakistan: Dunya News; blog: tion in Pakistan. Physics Education in blogs.dunyanews.tv/24621/ Asia, Regional Physics Education Mendes, B., Ercin, T. & Uzun, K. (2015). Symposium and Aspen General Examination of flexibility and sprint Conference, edited by Aidid, S. B., performance values of adolescent Ismail M. Z., Koh, A. K. & Singh, M. footballers. Turkish Journal of Sport M., Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, pp. 81- and Exercise, 17 (3): 16-20 37

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89; full text: https://www.ngds- Vestberg, T., Gustafson, R., Maurex, L., ku.org/Papers/C28.pdf Ingvar, M. & Petrovic, P. (2012). Siedentop, D. (2003). Introduction to Executive functions predict the Physical Education, Fitness and Sport, success of top-soccer players. PLoS Boston, United States: McGraw Hill, One, 7 (4): e34731; doi: https://do 6, 7 i.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034731 Singh, D., Sharma, A., Dhawan, R. K. & Wasim, M., Kamal S. A. & Shaikh, A. Baghel, U. S. (2017). Doping in (2013). A security system employing sports — a review. Journal of Biom- edge-based rasterstereography. Inte- edical and Pharmaceutical Research, 6 rnational Journal of Biology and (2): 1-5 Biotechnology (Karachi), 10 (4): 613- Stafford, N. (2017, April 6). Former 630; full text: https://www.ngds- football club doctors must comp- ku.org/Papers/J31.pdf ensate player for kidney failures, Wilbert-Lampen, U., Leistner, D., German court rules. British Medical Greven, S., et al. (2008). Cardiovas- Journal, 357: j1761 (news); doi: cular events during world cup https://www.bmj.com/content/357 soccer. New England Journal of Med- /bmj.j1761 icine, 358 (5): 475-483 Sugiyamaa, M., Khoo, S. & Hess, R. Yaşar, O. M. & Sunay, H. (2019). A new (2017). Grassroots football develop- football philosophy in Turkish ment in Japan. The International football “Altinordu Football Aca- Journal of the History of Sport, 34 demy” (chapter 5). In: Ö. Karataş, K. (17&18): 1854-1871 Kurak & O. Kizar (Eds.), New Suzuki, N., Yamashita, Y., Yamaguchi, Horizons in Sport Sciences. Gece Kita- Y. & Armstrong, G. W. D. (1981). plığı (Gece Publishing): New York, Measurement of posture using moiré United States & , Turkey, pp. fringe topography. Moiré Fringe 89- 104 Topography and Spinal Deformity Yilmiz, A. (2020). Sporun farklı eğitim (Proceedings of the First International kademelerindeki sporcu-öğrencil- Symposium, Vermont, United States, erin yaşam becerilerine etkisi: karma September 22-24, 1980), edited by araştırma yaklaşımı (The effect of Moreland, M. S., Pope, M. H. & sport on life skills of athlete students Armstrong, G. W. D., New York, in different education levels: mixed United States: Pergamon, pp. 122- research approach). Kastamonu 131 Education Journal, 28 (3): 1233-1243 Varga, D., Földesi, G. & Gombocz, J. (2018). Declared pedagogical values of coaches at Hungarian football academies. Physical Culture and Sport Studies and Research, 77 (1): 17-24; doi: https://doi.org/10.2478/pcssr- 2018-0002

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