-JJ.-^ Dotre Dame Scholastic •Dl 9VA5I VlCT\yR\/S- OVASI- RA5- MOieiTVRVS* •se mpei^- •Vive- 1

VOL. XXXVI. NOTRE DAME, INDIANA MARCH 7- 1903. No. 23.

AN. MDCCCLXXXIir » 1883 * lUSTITIAM colui; certamina longa, labores T HAVE loved justice, therefore have I borne Ludibria, insidias, aspera' quaeque tuli; Conflict and labor, plot and biting scorn.

At fidei vindex non flectar; pro grege Christi Guardian of Faith, for Christ's dear flock would I Duke pati, ipsoque in carcere dulce mori. Suffer with gladness, and in prison die!

* Inscripsit sub imagine sua, cum S. Gregorii VII. dicta _ * Lines written under his own portrait as" he recalled the meminisset: Dilexi iustitiam et odivi iniquitatem, propterea saying of St. Gregorj- ^^I.: "I have loved justice and hated morior in exilio. iniquity, therefore I die in- exile." HOC IN HONOREA\ S. S. D. N. LEONIS PAPAE XIII • FELICITER CORONATl AC GLORIOSE REGNANTiS OB RENOVATOS PETRI DIES NOSTRAE DOAMNAE UNIVERSITATIS PROFESSORES ET ALUA\N1 .' AUSPIGATISSIAH. CHRISTI MCMIII ANNI V IDUS MARTIAS TOTO CORDE ET ALACRl ANIMO OBSEQUU VENERATIONIS AMORISQUE OFFEREBANT TESTIMONIUM. D. D. D.

Cur domus late resonat canoris Quid? doces semper vigilans gregisque A'^ocibus, cur tot iuvenes renident. Anxius, prudens ovium saluti Gaudio, et votis redolent utrumque Consulis, nunquam teneros ineptus Templa per orbem? Neglegis agnos. Hanc diem fecit Dominus Deoque . Quid quod iniuste spoliatus inter Optimo grates meritas ubique . Principes mundi et populos coruscas Solvimus, Christi ut celebret perennes Arbiter, nee non loqueris vel ipso' Sponsa triumphos. Carcere liber?. Ouippe cui frustra minitentur hostes:- Quid quod excelsum e tenebris scholarum Stat gubemator LEO, dum procellae Angellim ad lucem revocas, alumnis Saeviunt; ventisque agitata Petri. Alma divinae Fidei rhagister Cyinba quiescit. Dona refundis? Quem quidem ornatum triplici corona-. At magiSjjCe:rte vitiis moveris Vidit, et Papam senio cadu'cum '• - Divitum, et durum miserans laborem - Esse, miratur viridi iuventa ^ . "; Pauperes aequo sociare velles Roma vigentem. • ' ;_ - .Foedere iamoris. . Stare qui solem valuit, repente Quin laborantes manibus necesse-est Temporis gradus rapidos mdrari ; Filium fabri meminisse IESUM, Possit, et-mortem iubeat LEONIS Ac vel in terris homines ad altum Parcere vitae. Tollere vultus. > Par adhuc Petro superest, et annis Ut tibi et.caro capiti, O. Pater! qui " Tardus, etsi vel tenuato adhaerent Regnat in caelis faveat precamur, : Corpori vires animi,micatque . " Christus et tutae populo rependat .. •:. :M^ .. :.; .. ;Munera pacis! "Lumen.in caelo" merito vocaris, . Sefus in caelum redeas beatus: ,. QUI Sacrarn Legem, Venerande Pastor,. Longius natos dqceas diuque .-':Fortis expla;nas, hoiriinum-.Deique iPontifex saxo Capitolii stes - ; lura.tueris. " ' \ ; Papa, Leo, Rex!

<. NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC. 367 Church." Truly, all power was given to the Leo xm.—the Great High Priest.* pastors of the flock, who must teach us "to observe all things whatsoever Christ has Thou art Peter, and upon this rock-1 wiU build My, Church, commanded" (Matt, xxviii, 29); but there is and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it (Matt, xvi, iS). only one to whom it was said "to confirm his N the 7th of February, 1878, brethren" (Luke xxii, 32) and "that the gates Pius IX. died after a reign of of hell shall not prevail against the rock," thirty-two years, the longest and that one is Peter, who lives in the Pope; in the history of the Popes, and he being invested with a divine authority and on the twentieth of the would be able, I dare say, to create the Church same month Cardinal Vincent again, were it possible for it to be destroyed Joachim Pecci was elected by by any power. the Sacred College to fill the Chair of Peter, If the Church of God is above all a teaching Yet, it was only on the third day of.March body animated by the Holy Ghost, the first and privately in the balcony overlooking the and most conspicuous function of the Pope interior of the basilica, that took place the cor­ must be to carry the divine light of faith. onation of the Pontiff who was to be the great Who can doubt that Leo XIII.-still now and glorious Leo XIII. To-day, throughout the gloriously reigning, is one of the many popes Catholic universe is celebrated the twenty-fifth in whom that heavenly light shines far and anniversary of that memorable event, and this wide with a marvellous splendor? First of morning I am expected to give you a sketch all, was it not truly providential that the of the grand things accpmplished during his personal infallibility of the Sovereign Pontiff pontificate by this venerable old man, the Vicar should have been defined as an article of faith of Christ, the two hundred and sixty-second but a few years after Pius IX. had been successor of the Prince of the Apostles.- Hard unjustly deprived of his earthly possessions? would be my task, if I had to draw out even Was it not very opportune, nay more, neces­ the main lines of his august person and simply sary, to proclaim solemnly before the face of to paint the prominent features of his splendid the whole world that violence and treachery character. But leaving to others the privilege might rob the Pope of his temporal estates, of describing more graphically the scholar, but that neither the fury of passions nor the the statesman and the sociologist, I will plots of anarchists could ever prevent the content myself with portraying briefly for Bishop of Rome from issuing final decrees you the High Priest, the Holy Father, as in matters of faith and morality? Indeed, far representing on earth the only begotten Son above the merely human authority of any of the living God—Jesus Christ, supreme court, whose decisions can always However great a Pope, however illustrious be reversed, stands the divinely constituted Leo XIII. may be, there is something greater tribunal of the Pope, whose dogmatical judg­ and mightier than any human genius—and ments addressed from the Chair of Peter to that is the Papacy. For whereas all the other the whole Church can never be changed. institutions, founded and orgianized by men— Now, wonderfully strengthened by that unique kingdoms,' empires or republics—are of the privilege, Leo XIIL, without using it even earth earthly, the Church, created by the will once, feels that a new prestige has been of the God-Man, is immortal. The Catholic? added to all that he says or writes as teacher Church is essentially a theocracy, and though of mankind. Prominent among the masterly the apostles were sent out "to teach all documents issued from his fruitful pen is the nations," and !'are set up to rule over the encyclical letter on Philosophy and Higher Church of God," still, they, are all subordinate Studies. It was a sublime inspiration on his to one man, Peter, who alone possesses the part to raise from the darkness of a deep fulness of jurisdiction, and whose name was oblivion the two immortal "Summas" of the mysteriously changed by Christ to signify Angelical Doctor, reinstate on its glorious his supreme office, which consists in being pedestal the name and fame of St. Thomas himself and becoming in his successors the Aquinas, and, declaring his works, system and corner-stone of the whole edifice. "Thou art doctrine to be the safest guide of Christian Peter, and upon this rock I,will build My education, proclaim their sound and spotless author " the Angel of the- Schools." Owing, to *~ Delivered by the Reverend S. Fitte, C. S. C, in Sacred Heart Church, March' 3.' ^ this stroke of genius a new renascence toolc 368 NOTRE DAMh SCHOLASTIC place in all universities and seats of learning; "Which of you loves Me more than the the golden chain^of sacred traditions formed others?" And twenty-five years ago a large by the Fathers and Scholastics was welded majority of the votes declared that that- man again; Theology and Philosophy, separated was Vincent Joachim Pecci. He it is who for three centuries, were more closely united, for twenty-five years has heard the same and once more an alliance being effected mysterious question: " Lovest thou Me more between faith and reason, a centre of har- than these?" Has he been true to his office monious unity was pointed out for all the and loyal to his Master? Consult history; for developments of the present and the future, love is proved not by words but by deeds. Lastly, far from wishing us to go back to Three great dangers threaten the human bygone ages, the Pope, who has at heart the race at the beginning of the twentieth century, genuine progress of the human mind, most and no man has presented better remedies earnestly advocates the cultivation of natural than the present Pope for the cure of these sciences; himself a brilliant writer, he favors moral diseases. The first is that which gnaws literature, linguistics philology and other at the heart of the family, and that is divorce, modern investigations. With a warm heart Out of all religious denominations in the and generous hand he throws open the universe, the Catholic Church alone professes precious archives of the Vatican to all the and defends the unity and indissolubility of scholars of the world; full of admiration for . the marriage tie. From the dawn of Chris- the inventions and discoveries of our day, he tianity down to our day she has taught that sincerely encourages and promotes all original when the consent of the two parties has researches, firmly convinced that, if "the Lord been full and free, there is no power on earth is the God of all knowledge" (I Kings, ii, 3), capiable of "putting asunder what God has true science can never clash with revelation; joined together." The history of the Papacy he thinks that history derived from the bears witness to the fact that neither bribery primitive sources must of necessity redound nor violence, neither loftiness of position nor to the glory of Christianity. A lover of hope of worldly advantages has ever been able truthfulness, Leo XHL believes that "truth is to make a single Roman Pontiff swerve from mighty and will prevail." the inflexible line of conduct commanded by That the light of faith, wisdom and science Jesus Chirst. This was one of the chief points shines on the head of Leo XHL who can deny? emphasized by Leo XHL in his first address But if a supernatural doctrine flows from his to the Sacred College. Foreseeing as he did lips and flashes from his writings, still mightier the pagan legislation of so-called Christian is the fire, the gentle fire of charity that burns nations, he frequently protested against the in his heart. No wonder: the.Papacy is the sinful violation ,of that sacred law laid down embodiment, the incarnation of the love God by our Lord Himself, and carefully preserved has for mankind. Let us open the Bible. Of it as a rare jewel in the treasury of the which of his apostles did our Lord ask this Church. A fearless champion of home and question: "Lovest thou Me more than these?" family, the Father of the faithful kindly but Of John, the beloved disciple, or any other firmly warned his children against that baneful of the twelve? No: of Peter, and Peter alone, source of division, scandal and immorality. "Simon, son of John, lovest thou Me more There is, however, an evil more widely than these (John xxi, 15)? Three times He spread, which, undermining the very founda- repeats the question and three times Peter tion of the state, aims to overthrow all forms answers: "Yea, Lord, Thou knowest that I of government and substitute in their place love Thee." And what was the reward granted a sham of international organization—and that to that triple confession of love? The first and is revolution or anarchy. Deeply versed in second time: "Feed My lambs;" but the third, the science of civil and political institutions, "Feed My sheep." Do you hear? Not only the Holy Father raised his voice like a are air the faithful entrusted to his care, but trumpet, and did his utmost to inspire the also the pastors. Peter alone is appointed rulers of nations with fear, and also to render shepherd of shepherds, and charged by Christ them docile to his timely advices. Reminding with the superintendence of the whole flock, them of the plots hatched in darkness by Whebever the election of a new pope is to secret societies, like a prophet of old he take place it seems that our Lord through foretold the criininal attempts that were to His Holy Spirit whispers to each Cardinal: [Continued on Page 376). NOTRE DAMh. SCHOLASTIC. 69

AX. CURISTI .MDCCCC. THE OPENING CENTURY* I'RIDrE KALENDAS lANVARIAS LINES WRITTEN ON NEW YEAR'S EVE A lESU CHRISTO (1900) INEUNTIS SAECULl AUSPICIA

r^ ULTRIX bonarum uobilis artium A NOBLE nurse of all the arts. Decedit aetas; publica commoda, The Age departs: Viresque naturae retectas, Let who will sing the truths it taught. Quisquis avet, memoret canendo. The marvels wrought:

Saecli occidentis me vehementius Me rather shall its sinful years Admissa tangunt; haec doleo et fremo. But move to tears. Proh! quot, retrorsum conspicatus, As in a backward glance I see Dedecorum monumenta cerno. Its infamy.

Querarne caedes, sceptraque diruta. Shall blood of men be my lament. An pervagantis monstra licentiae? Or sceptres rent. An dirum in arcera Vaticanam Or Vatican's dear citadel Mille doh's initum duellum. Besieged of hell?

Olio cessit Urbis, principis urbium, The glory, Rome, that crowned thy brow. Nullo impedltum servitio decus? Where is it now?. Ouam saecla, quam geutes avitae Of old, all nations loved in thee Pontificum coluere sedem. Thy Pontiff's See.

Vae segregatis Numine legibus! O godless laws, count up your gains: Quae lex honesti, quae superest fides? What truth remains? Nutant, semel submota ab aris, A shrineless Justice, lol it stands. Atque ruunt labefacta iura. On shifting sands. '

Auditis? effert impia conscius Hark ye the new hierophant Insanientis grex sapientiae; Of Science, chant Brutaeque naturae supremum His song to Nature's soulless clod Nititur asseruisse numen. As to a god!

Nostrae supremam gentis originem AndAet man's birthright from on high .Fastidit excors; dissociabilem, He ^yill deny, Umbras inanes mente captans, And-search to find a single root Stirpem hominum pecudumque miscet. For Man and Brute.

Heu quam probroso gurgite volvitur O to what hideous depth is hurled Vis impotentis caeca superbiae, • The proud, proud world! Servate, mprtales, in omne Kneel, then, O mortal man, to God, lussa Dei metuenda tempus.' And kiss His rod.

Qui vita solus, certaque Veritas, Him only. Truth, and Life, and Way, Qui recta et una est ad Superos via. Learn to obey. Is reddere ad votum fluentes Who only, through the fleeting years. Terrigenis valet unus annos. Can dry thy tears.

Nuper sacratos ad cineres Petri The pilgrim hosts to Peter's shrine Turbas piorum sancta petentium His Hand divine Is ipse duxit; non inane But now hath led^a' portent viewed Auspicium pietas renascens. - - Of Faith renewed.

~ IESU, futuri temporis arbiter, JESUS, who on.Thy throne sublime, Surgentis aevi cursibus annue: Shalt judge all time. Virtute divina rebelles Make the rebellious will obey Coge sequi meliora gentes. Thy sovereign sway:

* This trauslatioa of Pope Leo's poem is by Father Heary, LI,. C, of Overbropk Semiuary, Pa,

"i 7'' - '-i 370 NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC.

Tu pads almae semina provehe; Scatter the seeds of gentle peace Irae, tumultus, bellaque tristia , Till war shall cease; Tandem residant improborum And to their native hell exile In tenebrosa age regna fraudes. Tumult and guile: Mens una reges, te duce, temperet, One dream let hearts of kings pursue— Tuis ut instent legibus obsequi: Thy Will to do; Sitque unum Ovile et Pastor unus, One Shepherd let the earth behold, Una Fides moderetur orbem. One Faith, one Fold. Cursum peregi, lustraque bis novera, Long ninety years my course is run— Te dante, vixi. Tu cumulum adiice; Thy Will be done: Fac, quaeso, ne incassum precantis My prayers the crowning grace to gain. Vota tui recidant Leonis. Be not in vain!

How Popes Are Elected.*

CHARLES A. GORMAN, '03.

0-DAY throughout the Cath­ St. Linus succeeded St. Peter, and in his olic world is celebrated the election, as well as in that of his immediate coronation of Pope Leo XIIL followers, there was not observed that elaborate Devout and loyal Catholics programme that we have in the elections of of Christendom are gathered our times. There was then no college of together to show love and cardinals to come together in conclave; the :ealty to a Sovereign Pontiff who celebrates election pertained exclusively to the priests the twenty-fifth anniversary of his coronation. and deacons within the city of Rome. Later And while Catholics are thus attesting their on during the days of St. Sylvester when it love, non-Catholics and unbelievers as well became no longer necessary to retire to caves can not refrain from expressing in the press to practice the holy religion, and when Chris­ of the world their respect and admiration for tianity began to be publicly professed, the right the character of a pontiff than whom'a century to participation in the elections was granted has not produced a personage more sublime in a certain measure to~ the whole Roman and more universally loved. people. That is, they were allowed to testify The hostile attitude of the Italian Govern­ to the life and character of the candidates. ment toward the Church and its ambition to From the fifth to the eleventh century crush her temporal power made the convention kings and emperors usurped great authority of the cardinals for the election of a new in the elections. These were critical times pope in 1878, when Pope Pius IX. died, a for the Church. At times the elections were particularly grave and delicate problem.. The unduly influenced over by these worldly celebration to-day of the coronation of him princes, and the Church suffered keenly from whom that election called to the Chair of their arrogance. In some cases elections held Peter, suggests a topic which I have taken in this manner were undoubtedly invalid, and for the subject of this paper, namely, "How strongly protested by those to whom the right Popes are Elected." to vote really belonged. Occasionally, when From the time of St. Peter's death the it seemed expedient, the Roman clergy, who choice of a successor to the Holy See has alone possessed the right of suffrage, were been' a question of great moment to the satisfied to make a choice subject to the Church. Each several election has been an approval of some temporal power. important event in her nistory. The method With the coming of quieter days Pope of election has naturally undergone many Nicholas II., the third son of France to be changes to meet the varying exigencies which exalted to the Papacy, saw that the time was have arisen from the days of the primitive ripe for the institution of a new code of regu­ Church to our own times. In all ages, however, lations and restrictions to govern the elections = the power and right to determine and dictate of the popes. Hence in the year 1059 a more these methods has rested with the popes. definite and conservative method of pontifical electron was: formulated and established by "References have been largely, drawn from Baart's "Roman Court" and O'Reilly's "Life of Leo Xin." him. By this new system, which, was made NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC. 371

public in the Lateran Council, the right of Holy Father. For ten days funeral services suffrage was given to the cardinal bishops are held, and this gives the cardinals time to and confined solely to them. The other cardi­ gather at the place where the conclave is to nals and clergy and the whole Roman people be held. This is generally at Rome, though were cut off from any participation whatever should a pope die outside of Rome, without in the election. This regulation was somewhat leaving a special decree stating that the modified in the year 1178 by a decree of Pope conclave is to be held there, it would be Alexander III. which extended the right of necessary to hold it at the place of his death suffrage to all the cardinals, and declared that When the election takes place in Rome the a majority of two-thirds was necessary to a conclave is held in a large ball which has valid election. This much-needed legislation been previously chosen and prepared. All the proved a boon to the Church, for it permitted windows have been walled up and all the doors no longer the noisy crowd to harass the securely barred except one which is doubly electors, nor the violence of interfering rulers locked. The Cardinal Camerlengo retains the to hamper and impede their free choice. key to the inner lock, and that of the outer In 1274 the use of the secret conclave, is held by a prelate previously chosen by which has come down to our own day, was the cardinals and known as the governor of introduced by Pope Gregory X. An odd the conclave. Up to the time of the last regulation, also the work of this Pope, pre­ election, when all the meals were prepared scribed that if the cardinals did not bring within the conclave, all food and provisions the election to a close within a session of were introduced by a turning-box to which three days for every day beyond this that also there was an inner and an outer lock; the it. took them to elect a pope they should key of the former was in charge of the master be served'but one meal, and if after five days of ceremonies, while that of the latter was more there was still no election that the guarded by a special officer. Guards, consist­ allowance be confined to bread and wine or ing of archbishops, bishops and other prelates, water until the election is brought to a close. are stationed without the conclave whose duty At that time these rather heroic measures it is to inspect everything lest any letter or were deemed necessary to prevent the dangers information of any kind be transmitted either arising from the absence during long periods to or from the cardinals in conclave. These of a permanent authority. They are not, of guards are bound under pain of perjury and course, in force to-day. {Contmued on j/age 277-) The enactments of Gregory XV. in 1623, and of Clement XII. in 1740 with one addition The Master-Spirit of Our -Age. by Pius IX., brought the laws governing the papal elections to their present perfection. The method of procedure in our day, when a PATRICK W. O GRADY, 03. Sovereign Pontiff either resigns or dies and thereby causes a vacancy in the Holy See, E have assembled to-day to is regulated by. the Roman Ceremonial. All join with all the Christian the officials at the Vatican palace withdraw world in honoring one whom with the exception of the Cardinal Camerlengo. all love, the Lumen in Caelo, His office alone does not expire with the "the Prince of Peace,", our vacancy. The Camerlengo officially declares Father, Leo, gloriously reign­ the death of the Pontiff, and thereupon the ing Pope. To-day in distant Rome he secretaries bring to him the seal of the celebrates the silver jubilee of his coronation deceased and his Ring of the Fisherman. These as Christ's Vicar, Father of our Holy Catholic he breaks with a hammer. The administration Church; and throughout the world his children of the affairs of the Papacy are then assumed are assembling to sing hozannas in his honor by the dean of the Sacred College, the senior and to place again upon his venerable old cardinal priest and the senior cardinal deacon head, white as the snows of his ninety-three together, wiith the Camerlengo. Then the winters, their triple diadem of love, reverence, preparation for the election begins. The first and undying devotion. Truly. Leo XIII. has. step is the notification sent by the secretary been as a "light in the heavens" to guide the of the Sacred College to all the absent Bark of Peter past the rocks and reefs of a cardinals informing them of the death of the storm-tossed ocean in the darkest days the 172 NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC.

Papacy has known since the times of Maximian ing world: "I announce to you tidings of great and Diocletian. joy. We have as pope, the Most Eminent and Twenty-five years ago the world's truest Most Rev. Joachim Pecci, cardinal priest of friend was left forsaken. The Church was the title of St. Chrysogonus, who hath given deserted by those nations it had so often himself for name, Leo XIII." defended, whose very existence it had often The great conclave was over. A man had preserved. France, that Charlemagne and St. been chosen who seemed providentially trained Louis once so grandly ruled, had yielded to to grasp and solve the great problems of the the rank- revolution of Voltarian sceptics. day, trained by careful education, a vast Austria, Belgium and Portugal had abandoned diplomatic experience, above all by his long, the Church. England had long been her difficult, but eminently successful reign as avowed enemy. An ungrateful world had Bishop, of Perugia. And- the fear that had stood by to see the Piedmontese breach the filled even the most hopeful heart seemed " Porta.Pia," and over the Quirinal and Castle then to vanish from the most hopeless. St. Angelo raise the flagof the blood-stained On Sunday, March 3, Leo was crowned with usurper of Savoy. In that same Quirinal where the sacred tiara of Peter, that blessed emblem for ages sainted popes held sway was there of good and of protection for religion, educa­ enthroned a power hardly less hostile to tion and civilization. A new era for the Church t everything Catholic than Henry VIII. or and for the world had begun. Courageously Elizabeth. Pius IX., whose glorious pontificate the already aged man assumed the great of thirty-two years had been little less than burden of that pontificate. His indomitable a prolonged martyrdom, was dead. Those will, assisted by rare prudence and wonderful were truly dark days. Throughout the world tact, has conquered the tyranny and hatred this question of awful doubt was heard: "Will of his opponents of the 70's, has made the the Piedmontese government that has stolen See of Rome respected and admired by all, even Rome from the Church and enthroned and has made the reign of Leo XIII. a suc­ their leader as king in the very Quirinal of the cession of masterful victories. A brief glance popes, will that governrhent not now take over the history of the last quarter of a possession of St. Peter's of. the Vatican? century is sufficient to show that in Leo XIII. Will they, can they, allow the election of a ar,e united the master, statesman, sociologist, successor to Pius IX?" But a just Providence scholar and teacher of our times. was guarding us, and those words of promised The so-called German Kulturkampf, or, kindness, "Behold I am with you all days," "Civilization Conflict," wasraging- in 1878. vverenot vain. On Feb. i8, 1878, sixty-one The Catholic department in the German cardinals invoking divine assistance assembled Ministry of Public Worship had been sup­ quietly in conclave to name the second pressed; Catholic pulpits were under police " Prisoner of the Vatican," one more to wear supervision; Catholic schools were closed. the Master's crown, alas! then become like The State claimed the sole right to make His, a crown of thorns. ecclesiastical appointments. Bishops and Among those sixty-one princes of the priests who turned to Rome rather than to Church there was one pre-eminent in learning Berlin for guidance were fined and imprisoned and sanctity; one.who had labored hard and or exiled. The Jesuits, and several other such well in Christ's vineyard, winning from the glorious societies of the Church, were banished world admiration for his great genius, reverence from the country. But the Catholics of for his sanctity of life, and love for his unend­ Germany had not ceased to struggle for right, ing kindness and solicitude for all. It was and in their new pontiff they found a father his name that the "Scrutineers" read from willing and able to guide their battle. Finding twenty-eight ballots after the first vote was it impossible to bring about a sudden change cast. It was he who humbly and with fear in this persecuting policy of which Prince prayed in tears through the long night that Bismarckwas father, Leo showed invincible followed that the appalling burden of guiding patience and consummate tact in dealing the Church of God might not be placed upon with the powerful High Chancellor. Slowly his shoulders. It was of him Cardinal Caternini but surely he began by a masterly series of spoke when; looking down from the gallery encyclical letters to win from the Emperor of the Vatican upon a great throng of upturned and his Chancellor respect for himself and eager faces, he gave this message to the wait­ the Catholics of Germany, teaching also NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC. \n lessons of political wisdom and mildly but Ireland—the weak and the oppressed—have* firmly the errors of the Kulturkampf. With ever seen his power used in their defense; unequalled strategy he at the same time And nations weak and powerful, pagan and brought about in the Reichstag an increased Christian unite in proclaiming him the guiding union of the Catholic party then led by the light of nations, the master, statesman of his great Doctor Windthorst, and made that century, liis ardent desire to elevate society; party a middle one holding the balance of his defence of governments and denunciation governmental power. F"mally Bismarck, taught of rebellion and anarchy; his great encyclical by the Pope's letters to see the error he had repudiating socialistic errors; his firm support committed, and moreover, feeling the neces­ of the indissolubility of the marriage tie at a sity of securing the support of that Catholic time when such support is so sorely needed; party, seemingly so powerful, yielded. Leo above all, that great instruction which the had broken the "iron will" of Bismarck; the world has read for labor and for capital, mark great battle was won, and the "civilization him as a man of most wonderfully diversified conflict" was ended. Yet so kind was the knowledge—a sociologist, a benefactor to victor in this battle — which must- ever stand mankind. as one of the most bitter in the history of But the field in which our Venerable Father Germany — that besides the victory of right most loves to labor is that of Christian for which he had struggled, Leo also won education, moulding the minds and hearts of the esteem and confidence of all Germany men, creating in them a love for beauty and and particularly of the vanquished Bismarck. what is synonymous for good. False erudition, Not long after the happy termination of anti-christian training, misleads the world. A the Kulturkampf, the German Emperor and powerful mind without a heart to guide it is his High Chancellor gave public testimony but an instrument of destruction. Education, of the great reverence they felt for our Pontiff is the parent of civilization, the hope of the calling upon him as mediator in the impend­ world and of truth. ing Carolina*difficulty. In these islands strife For three centuries this false erudition had was imminent. Germany and England had benighted the mind of man, and Leo saw the tendered a joint note to Spain declaring that promise of light for the world only in true they could no longer recognize Spanish education, the unfailing light of divine wisdom. ownership in the islands. In 1885 a German In Rome, both day and night schools were battle-ship planted the flag of its nation in opened and taught by able and virtuous men - the port of Jorriil and took formal possession and women. In Italy, in the East, in xA.merica, of the country. The populace of Spain were in England — everywhere universities were crazed with rage. They sacked the palace of built in answer to his call: Home training in the German ambassador, tore down the Ger­ particular he advocated. Socialistic philosophy man arms and trampled them in the ground, was cast aside,and St. Thomas Aquinas, whose, burning the German flag with every circum­ method and doctrines must ever be the light stance of ignominy. The world awaited day of higher learning, whose works are revealed by day the outbreak of hostilities, when sud­ truths stated in most scientific form, was again denly the black cloud of war was rolled back, enthroned as the "Angel of the Schools;" the , Leo had been chosen arbiter: Germany had archives of the Vatican, the store-house of the recognized the "Prince of Peace": Bismarck knowledges of ages, were thrown open to the • had paid tribute to his victor. The settlement scholars of the world. It was the light of the* of the Carolina trouble is unique in the history education Led thus fostered that dispelled- of arbitration; for, though the question was the darkness of the seventies and conquered a most difficult one to handle, it was solved its socialism, naturalism, and bigotry. with such unquestionable fairness that never Leo XIII. is a statesman, a sociologist, since has a murmur of dissent been heard above all a teacher, the greatest teacher of \ from Germany or from Spain. mankind. As a father he is surrounded by Leo- has studied the political problems of the admiration of non-Catholics and even, of all nations. He has placed himself in intimate infidels, but above all by the love and contact with the rulers of the world. The veneration of his children to-day assembling,: ^ emperors of China and Japan, the sultan, the to praise him. The Lumen in C«^/<7, "therPrince ;, kaiser, the tsar—all have heard his voice and . of Peace," his head is encircled by the triple have profited by his council. Armenia, Poland, crown—Science, Charity, Holiness. • \- 374 NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC

State Oratorical Contest. NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC Thomas D. Lyons, the winner of the Breen Xotre Dame, Indiana, March 7, 1903. medal in oratory at Notre Dame, came to the University from the Madison, S. D., High Published every Saturday during Term Time at Notre Dame University. School in the fall of 1900. He was born at Burroaks, Iowa, but has lived most of his life Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office. Notre Dame. Ind at Carthage, S. D. Lyons is but nineteen years Tains, $r.^o per Annum. Postpaid. old and is one of the youngest men among Address: THE EDITOR NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC. the winners of the Breen Medal. He had but Notre Dame, Indiana. little training in public speaking before coming to Notre Dame, and his first public appearance The Board of Editors. was in the college oratorical contest of June, '02. He spqke on Patrick Sarsfield. He entered

PATRICK J. MACDONOUGH, 1903. the contest in the fall of the same year and succeeded in winning the Breen medal and FRANCIS F. DUKETTE, I902 H. EWING BROWN, I902 ROBERT J. SWEENY, I903 CHARLES A. GORMAN, I903 also the right to represent his University at the BYRON V.KANALEY, I904 FRANCIS J. BARRY, I903 ROBERT E. HANLEY, I903 ROBERT E. LYNCH, I903 EDWARD F. QUIGLEY, 1903 THOMAS D. LYONS, I904 FRANCIS MCKEEVER, I903 J. PATRICK O'REILLY, I905 G. A. FARABAUGH, I904 CHAS. L. O'DONNELL, I905

—This week the SCHOLASTIC reflects in some degree the manner in which Notre Dame kept the Pope's Jubilee last Tuesday. The morning exercises were begun with Solemn High Mass at which all the students attended. Father Cavanaugh was the cele­ brant, with Father Corbett as deacon and Father Oswald as subdeacon; and within the sanctuary were many priests of Holy Cross, students from the novitiate and a large attend­ ance of altar-boys. Father Fitte, professor of ethics at the University, preached the sermon which was an eloquent appreciation of Leo XIII. and much enhances the present issue. Perhaps nowhere else could one find better reason for entering into the spirit of the THOMAS D. LYONS, '04. occasion than here at Notre Dame. One can Indiana State Association Contest. The sub­ . better realize the truth of this by remember­ ject of his oration is "Alexander Hamilton." ing that Notre Dame has come into being and This is Notre Dame's first year in the has grown to its present magnificent dimen­ association, and Lyons is the youngest con­ sions within a portion of the lifetime of Leo testant of any whom the seven colleges of this XIII., for the present Pope was thirty-two state have sent to the State Contest. Lyons years when Father Sorin founded this has a splendid stage presence and possesses a University. Great cause indeed had we for wonderful voice for an orator. His gestures are manifesting our joy and giving thanks to God always pleasing and his delivery effective. for Leo's glorious pontificate; but fitting as The Breen gold medal was donated by the has been our celebration we shall have missed Hon. William P. Breen of Fort Wayne, an much of its significance if we fail to imitate alumnus of ''j'j, A. M. '95. It is a gold medal in some way the example of him who has so of beautfful finish and design, and is given long and so faithfully followed in the footsteps to the student who wins in Notre Dame's of his Divine Master. oratorical contest. B. V, K. NOTRE DAME SCHOILASTIC. 375

Pope Leo's Anniversary, "Wednesday's Lecture.

The Faculty and student body of the The Rev. J. F. Nugent, LL. D., '95, Des University met in Washington Hall on Tuesday Moines, Iowa, who conducted the students' afternoon to take part in the commemorative retreat at Notre Dame two years ago, spoke exercises of the Twenty-Fifth Anniversary of to the students in Washington Hali last the Coronation of His Holiness Leo XHI. An Wednesday evening. The subject of his dis­ interesting and instructive programme was course was "The Lost Confessional," a theme given complimentary to the occasion. which he treated in a very original and After the introductory march played by the entertaining manner. He compared the path University orchestra, the University choir of the "lost planet" to that noticeable void chanted a prayer for the Pope and the glee which exists in all sects outside the Catholic club sang the "Morning Invitation" with Church, calling the latter "the lost confes­ orchestral accompaniment. The numbers were sional." Confession, he said, was very much well received. Mr. Emil DeWulf then read a misunderstood by those outside the Catholic Latin poem with expression. The substance, Church, and this was largely due to the which is very interesting and excellently corrupt sources from which non-Catholics treated, may be read on another page. obtained their information. The ex-priest and Mr. Frank Kasper next sang Piccoloniinzs "escaped" nun who had been degraded from "Ora pro Nobis." He showed training and the Catholic Church, because of their repeated sang with confidence. misdemeanors, generally sought a living 'by The English Ode read by Mr. R. E. Lynch appealing to the prurient tastes of those gave evidence of careful preparation both as opposed to Catholicity; and from the public to expression and delivery. statements of such castaways, many got their The selection following, which was played ideas of confession. As a result very false by the orchestra, reflects much credit upon impressions prevailed regarding the confes­ Professor Petersen and his musicians. Professor sional. The popular name for penance is Petersen also should be accredited for the confession, which, of course, is a mistake. appearance made by the glee club. Confession itself is not a sacrament but \s Mr. Charles A. Gorman next read an only one of the three conditions necessary on instructive and exhaustive paper on- " How the part of the penitent, the other two being Popes are Elected,'.' after which the choir sang contrition and satisfaction. The three con­ K7'eutzers "Veni Sancte Spiritus." ditions necessary on the part of the priest are that he should be duly ordained, have Mr. Patrick W. O'Grady gave the oration jurisdiction, and give absolution. All six were on "The Master-Spirit of Our -Age," and necessary for the valid administration of the spoke with much earnestness and enthusiasm-. sacrament of penance. He characterized con­ The eulogy was well received. The moving fession as the great conscience regulator, gave hymn "Abide with Me," was a fit climax to Scriptural proofs in support of the validity the exercises in honor of Pope Leo, and all of penance, and showed from the writings of the students sang it with edifying earnestness. the Fathers of the Church that auricular The programme as given was as follows: confession was practised in the earliest days. PROGRAMME. Every church he said is a hospital for souls, March—" Pontificale" N. D. U. Orchestra but only in the Catholic Church is. specific "Oremus pro Pontifice Nostro Leone" " Morning Invitation " Vierza individual treatment given, and this is done Glee Club. . most efficaciously through the medium of the Latin Poem Mr. Emil DeWulf confessional. The address was concise, and Solo—"Ora pro Nobis" M. Piccolo?nini abounded in forceful epigrams, and courteous Mr. Frank Kasper. references to those outside the Church. The English Ode - Mr. Robert E. Lynch • Selection N. D. U. Orchestra lecturer had no new message to impart, for How Popes are Elected. Mr. Charles A. Gorman his theme is coeval with Christianity, but his "Veni Sancte Spiritus " Kreiitzer lucid presentation, cogent reasoning and telling N. D. U. Choir. allegory left in the minds of his audience a "The Master-Spirit of Our Age".. Mr. P. W. O'Grady "Abide with Me" Faber clearer conception of the reasonableness and By the Audience. efficacy of the sacrament of penance. March : — N. D. U. Orchestra 376 NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC

{Conibnied from page j6s.) the fiercest passions, Leo XIII. affirms and cost many a crowned head his throne or even believes that the final solution of the problem his life. "O ye, kings, understand: learn your is to be found in the principles of justice lesson, ye that judge the earth" (ps. ii. lo). and charity as taught by the Gospel, thereby Sovereigns and subjects alike have ceased deserving to become the patron of the weak "to render to God the things that are God's" and to be called by posterity "the Pope of (Matt, xxii, 21). They have trampled on the workingmen." foot the rights of liberty, conscience and The last and best character of both Pope religion; they have persecuted the Church, and Papacy is the promotion of a life of zeal, despised its doctrine and outraged its minis- virtue and holiness. Who does not admire ters. Hostile to Christian laws, schools and the devotion and self-sacrifice of Catholic sacraments, they have "sown the wind and missionaries, the indefatigable pioneers of reaped a whirlwind" (Osee viii, 7). For lo! true civilization? '"How beautiful are the feet the peoples which no longer believe in divine of them that preach the Gospel of peace, authority, future life and eternal punishments, of them that bring glad tidings of good will arise in their might, and, sweeping away things" (Roman x, 15)? To-day, as in the the fragile institutions of human fabric, will times of Peter and Paul, of Patrick and cover with tears and blood the last remnants Augustine, of Dionysius and Boniface, they of rotten governments. go forth, leaving country, friends and parents. But it is above all the social problems of They teach and spread the faith, eager to pray the day which attract, the attention of the and toil and die, in order to. visit unknown, Pope and excite the tenderest feelings of his far remote, savage lands, to convert and great heart. Unable to trust in the future baptize and "enlighten them that sit in dark- the proud and selfish potentates who have ness and in the shadow of death" (Luke i, 79). betrayed the confidence of their mother, the Let the ocean curb its waves, and ye, O winds! Church, Leo XIII. turned to the people and carry them on your wings. Whither do they endeavored to lay down the foundations of go? To China, to Japan, to India, to Alaska, Christian Democracy. He knows all the perils to Australia, to all the islands of the sea. of this tempestuous sea. and standing like a For what purpose? To gain souls to Jesus watchful, sentinel on the immovable rock of Christ. And whilst all the nations of Europe Peter, he points out the breakers, and signals armed to the teeth resemble an immense the whirlpools in which the most skilful camp pitched for the destruction of mankind, sailors have been engulfed. As an old, expe- these peaceful conquerors have but one aim rienced pilot he tries to guide .with prudent in life: to bestow upon the heathens with the firmness the leaders of modern society through word of God the sweetest benedictions of the their doubtful navigation and enable them Gospel. Whence do they come? From Rome, to land safely on the shores of lawful liberties Who sent them? The Vicar of Christ, the and genuine civilization. Still closer at heart successor of Peter, the Pope, prince of peace, -has the Supreme Pontiff the present condition Soon is the missionary period succeeded of the working classes. Not content with by an era of organization, and gradually amid being the greatest statesman of our age, and wild tribes or diverse races arises the splendid conscious of being fully equipped to study edifice of the Catholic hierarchy. Without up the complicated questions of Economics, speaking of its recent revival in Holland, his broad and deep genius boldly delved into England and Scotland, or of its^ wonderful a 1 the industrial and commercial intricacies progress through all foreign countries, what of labor in the twentieth century. With, a an admirable spectacle of religious activity strong tho ^gh delicate hand taking hold of is presented by the Church of Christ in the the daily relations between rich and poor, United States of America! Only one Catholic patrons and laborers, while avoiding all false bishop in the year 1800, and nearly one or useless theories, he bears out private hundred dioceses at the beginning of a new property but advocates fair wages, and by century, many thousands of priests, regular means of arbitration suggests the most im- and secular, millions of communicants, innu- partial settlement of- a most.difficult case, merable. colleges, schools, academies, hospitals. In vain does godless socialism protest and. convents and various, establishments of raise its impious head; against both Church benevolence and charity^—all this crowned by and State.; Calm and gentle in.the midst of the Catholic University of Washington. In MOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC. o 1i truth, the present Pontiff could with even tinction, of clime, color or creed, feel irresis­ greater reason than Pius IX. exclaim: "There tibly attracted by the Jubilee of Leo XIII., is no place in the whole world where I feel and can not but express their admiration more a Pope than in Amercia." And surely for his spotless character, we, his faithful the office of an American bishop is not a children, salute in his person the High Priest, sinecure; his head does not lie on a bed of the great Pontiff and the Pope, the Holy roses, and a crown of thorns is often hidden Father. Our minds and hearts fixed on the within his golden mitre.' Still, how well are palace of the Vatican, now a prison, we con­ these worthy successors of the apostles template with awe and veneration the pale seconded by an army of good, hard-working and transparent figure of Leo XIII., shining priests, most of whom shine no less by learn­ like a star from heaven: Lztmen de Caelo ing and eloquence than by piety, charity Far from being in its waning phase, let and union with the people. Now let infidel his marvellous life roll on its course, as a governments in Europe wage an unjust war beautiful luminary, undimmed and undecayed, against religious congregations; let them close in the smoothest revolution of its incompar­ schools, confiscate property and banish from able grandeur, till his immortal spirit soaring their country men and women consecrated on high shall enter into the abodes of the to God, these noble champions will leave in heavenly Jerusalem wherein to behold forever peace, a prayer on their lips and forgiveness the light, and love, and life of the Triune in their hearts; and perhaps many of the God, the Father, the Son and the Holy GhostI exiles while planting on new shores the cross of Jesus Christ shall spread the faith of Peter and a profound veneration for the . • (Continued from 3Ji.) . Apostolic See, suspension to be niost diligent in examining "By their fruits you shall know them" every person and thing that leaves or enters (Matt, vii, 20). And planted by the hand of the conclave. missionaries, cultivated by the zeal of bishops Within the conclave are erected cells for and priests, watered and made fruitful by, the cardinals, each of whom is allowed two the blood of martyrs, the tree of Christianity servants or three if he be infirm or aged. The has blossomed over the whole world and^ cells are assigned to them by lot, and over produced a rich harvest of holy souls. Look the entrance of the cell of each is placed his at Russia, Asia, Africa, formerly so fertile coat of arms. This is covered with a drapery in saints, their soil seems to be stricken with of purple if the occupant has been created sterility. In England, which was, many years cardinal by the deceased Pontiff; otherwise ago, called the "Island of Saints," the fountain the covering is of green serge. of holiness is dried up since she separated It may be wondered that such great' pre­ herself from Rome, Jthe source of holy life. cautions should be taken to guard the secrecy But behold !• under Leo XIII., as well as of the conclave, as the walling up of the before, processes of canonization are going windows and doors, the double locking of on, and Saints Peter Fouvrier and De Lasalle the door and turning-box and the stationing followed Saint Benedict Labre and the ven­ of guards at the entrance to the couclave. erable Cure of Ars, till the pious Neumann of But experience has proved - the wisdom of Philadelphia adds the fragrance, of his heroic these provisions, for they have effectively- virtues to that of the sweet Rose of Lima. shut out all communication with the.world And what church dares to canonize saints and outside the conclave and have practically place them on.its altars? Only the Church of precluded all chance of intimidation or undue Rome, the Catholic Church: for in her alone influence being brought to bear on any of the Holy Ghost lives, and her head not only the electors. Nor are these the only precau­ possesses the fulness of divine authority, but, tions. Every evening the cardinal dean and concentrating the supernatural strength of the Camerlengo make a tour of the apartments belief and sacraments, is the only -one able to see that none of the pontifical constitutions to diffuse everywhere the rays of holiness, are disregarded. It is a strict rule also that aiid make them resplendent in the lives of none of the servants of the cardinals can be those heroes whom we shall call the saints. merchants, ministers of princes, or temporal To-day the eyes of the universe are turned lords,,.brothers or nephews of cardinals. They toward Rome, and while all men without dis­ must be bona-fide .servants who have been 378 VOTRE DAME SCHOLASTTC.

employed by the cardinals for the space of . ^Generally speaking there are three ways in a year. Furthermore, in the selection of the which an election may take place. The first officials and attendants who serve in common s called "quasi-inspiration." Elections of this it is required that the utmost care should be kind have been extremely rare, for in order taken. Each one must be elected by a vote of that they may be valid it is necessary that the cardinals, and none may be chosen from all the cardinals should, after the conclave the household of any elector. has opened and without previous deliberation, On the morning of the eleventh day the unanimously and at once agree on the election Mass of the Holy Ghost is celebrated by of a single person. The second method of the cardinal dean in the basilica of St. Peter's election is called a "compromise." An elec­ before the assembled cardinals who, when tion of this kind takes place when the right the Mass is-over, and while the Veni Oxator of choosing the pontiff is entrusted to a few is being sung, proceed to the conclave. On specified electors. This method is of hardly reaching the chapel the prayer to the Holy more frequent adoption than the first. The Ghost, Dais qui corda fidelium, is recited by last and usual method employed is that of the senior cardinal bishop, and the pontifical the ballot. constitutions with regard to conclaves are Three cardinals are appointed tellers and read, each cardinal binding himself by oath a large vase, shaped as a chalice, is placed to their observance. on the altar in the chapel where the cardinals The remainder of that first day is .devoted are assembled for the balloting. Each cardinal to the reception of visitors. For that brief before dropping his ballot into the vase takes space all are welcome, clerics, princes and the following oath: "i call Christ our Lord, people. As evening draws near, the voice of who will judge me, to witness that I elect the the master of ceremonies is heard exclaiming person whom before God I think should be Exeunt omnes! whereupon the hall is cleared elected and that I will do the same in the of all but the electors and the door is locked, accession." If when all the cardinals have not to be opened again until the election is voted and the votes have been told it is found completed except to allow a belated cardinal , that no candidate has received the required to enter, or one who may have been taken number, there takes place what is called seriously ill to leave; the latter, however, 'the accession, in which every voter has the after he has once left may not again return. privilege of reconsidering his choice and of Early the next morning the cardinals are transferring, if he deems proper, his vote to awaked by the voice of the master of cere­ another candidate. If, even after the accession, monies calling them to the chapel, where, after the required number of votes has not yet a low Mass of the Holy Ghost is celebrated been given to one of the dandidates it is de­ by the dean at which all the cardinals receive clared that there is no election. The cardinals Holy Communion, the election begins. then adjourn to their cells, where they remain Every cardinal who has received deacon's until about two o'clock in the afternoon when orders has the right' to vote. Not even a a second vote and accession takes place. Until cardinal who has been excommunicated, or some one obtains two-thirds of the votes this one who is without insignia, can be deprived voting and accession takes place regularly of this right. If either on account of with­ twice a day. drawal or death only two or even one cardinal When finally a candidate is elected, the should remain in conclave the election would tellers announce the fact, and the junior still remain in the hands of those two or. that cardinal deacon rings a bell, and the master one cardinal. No cardinal, however, can vote of ceremonies and secretary of the Sacred for himself and no one can vote by proxy. College enter the chapel. The cardinal dean, Of course, a first consideration is: " Who;is in company. with two other , cardinals, ad­ eligible as a candidate in the election of a vances before the elected Pontiff, if, as is usual, pontiff?" As a matter of fact, for some cen­ he be one of the cardinals, and asks him if turies back none but cardinals have been he accepts the Papacy. After his consent is elected popes. As a matter of right, however, obtained all the baldachinos are removed from any man, be he a layman or even a married their places over the seats of the cardinals; person, may be validly elected pope, and when except that of the newly-elected Pope who he has consented to the election is invested is asked by what name he wishes to be known. with full jurisdiction ais Sovereign Pontiff.^ This ascertained two cardinal deacons aceom- NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC. 379 pany the Pope to the rear of the high will take place. The squad as it now stands altar where he is robed in the pontifical is an unusually strong one, and Coach Lynch vestments and escorted to his seat in the is confident that this season's Varsity will chair of state. Here he is saluted in turn by uphold the honor of Notre Dame on the each of the cardinals who kiss his foot, his diarnond, as well as its predecessors have done. hand and his mouth. The Pope next receives * * - , from the Cardinal Camerlengo the Ring of the A. Becker, of the catching staff, who received Fisherman which he fits on his finger and turns a fracture of the elbow in practice some weeks over to the master of ceremonies to have his ago, is out of the Infirmary and expects to name engraved on it. be back in the game in a few days. When this ceremony is completed there is * a grand procession to the balcony over the * * entrance of the Vatican Palace. The bearer The various hall track teams continue to of the papal cross leads, and after him follow train for the coming Inter-hall meet with as acolytes, master of ceremonies, mace bearers, much spirit and enthusiasm as was noticed, musicians and the choir singing Ecce Sacerdos at the beginning. The date of the affair has Magmcs. The cardinal deacon is the last to not yet been definitely settled owing to a appear; and when finally St. Peter's is reached disagreement among the managers over a few the cardinal deacon mounts the exterior loggia of the candidates. We hope this matter will and proclaims to the assembled crowds below be arranged satisfactorily and immediately. the result of the election in the following * words: Master Donohue of Carroll Hall went over "I announce to you a great joy. We have as alone last Sunday to St. Edward's Hall and Pope the Most Eminent and Most Reverend, despite the skill and science of the Minim (for instance) Joachim Pecci, cardinal priest handball experts, he succeded in defeating, of the title of St. Chrysogonus, who hath them one after the other, thereby winning given himself for name Leo XHI." the championship. At this, cheer upon cheer is raised by the ,* * populace; the bells of St. Peter's and of all Dr. Stoeckley of South Bend has donated Rome make merry music, and the city is a beautiful gold medal to the Athletic Associ­ given over to rejoicing and thanksgiving. ation to be given to the athlete gaining the Under normal circumstances the guns of most humber of points for Notre Dame on Sant' Angelo boom forth their salute, and the the ti-ack this season. Last season thegenial Pontiff is escorted to St. Peter's where he is doctor donated one, which was won by Captain again greeted by the cardinals at his seat Kirby. To win this medal is a great honor. before, the high altar. Solemnly the Te Deum - * " is then sung, and while its strains can still * * be heard in fervent thanksgiving, the Pope At a meeting held yesterday in the gym­ is carried back to the Vatican Palace and nasium, Dominic Padden was elected captain the election is complete. of Brownson Hall- baseball team arid Joe Lantry manager for-the coming year. The outlook is -very promising; somewhat over Athletic Notes. sixty candidates having signified their inten­ tion of trying for the team. Padden, Medley, Coach Lynch took the baseball men-for Oppfergelt, McDermott, Sullivan and Garrity the first outdoor practice of the season last remain of last year's inter-hall champions. Monday, The weather was fine and the This certainly is a very commendable spirit. diamond in fairly good condition. One hour's No man is sure of a position. The inter-hall stiff practice catching flies was the programme schedule will be arranged in the near future.- and the men made a good showing for the * first trial after so much indoor work, The CARROLL vs. SOUTH BEND. . '. , ' . squad has been reduced to thirty men, of The Carroll youngsters and the crack South whom nine are candidates for the pitching Bend High School track team met in the department, and four for backstop work. gymnasium last Saturday, the latter winning These men will be. kept at \york until the by a score of 55 to 30. Contrary to expectations, Toledo series, when the final weedings out the meet was highly interesting, the Carrolites 380 ISIOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC

putting up a gallant fight in every event. The South Bend lads towered head and shoulders Card of Sympathy. above the^CarroUites, and in addition to this they had]'experience on their side, but our WHEREAS, God in His divine providence plucky youngsters, despite these great Odds, and wisdom has seen fit to call suddenly made the visitors exert themselves to the from this world the father of Messrs. James «ufmost,?in'order to win. and William Cunningham, the former of For the^Carrollites H. Tallcott, R. Tallcott, whom is a student of St. Joseph's Hall, the Morrison, Hemenway, Fox, McDermott and latter of Holy Cross, be it Pryor, did splendid work. Hemenway won the RESOLVED, that on behalf of Mr. James broad jump at 18 feet g inches,' and secured Cunningham's friends at St. Joseph's Hall third in the high jump. The running of the we tender to him and to all the members of two ex-Minims, McDermott. in the half-mile his family our heartfelt sympathy. and Fox in the relay were the chief features And also that a copy of these resolutions of the meet. The South Benders have a well be sent him. balanced team and should make the soldier Wm. F. Robinson boys hustle in to-day's meet. Broedemus, their F. X. Joerger chief point winner, is a star in the field Charles W. Casey events. Lack of space prevents giving sum­ John j". O'Phelan maries in to-day's SCHOLASTIC. They will W. Sh&e\id,vi.— Coviniitiee. appear in next issue. Mr. Cunningham met with a sudden death * * last Sunday at nine o'clock a. m., in a train The ex-Minims won the big meet from the wreck at Belvidere, Illinois. Minims last Thursday afternoon.in one of the best contests ever held. The experience and superior powers of endurance of the ex-Minims Personals. were too much for the plucky little Minims, who, however, fought hard in every event. —Mr. James H. Davitt of Saginaw, Mich., The best and most interesting contest of was a welcome guest of. the University during the afternoon was the pole vault. In this the past week. event young Kelly of the Minims surprised — W. C. Chamberlain (student of Notre everyone by giving Berteling the ex-Minims' Dame, '85-'86) is in the operating department crack, a hard tussle. Capt. Rousseau of the of the Toledo, St. Louis .& Western Railroad ex-Minims, was the star performer of the Co. at Frankfort, Indiana. meet, winning the high jump, broad jump, 220 yard .'dash, and getting third in the 40- yard dash. Master Carette of the Minims Local Items. ran a sensational race in the half _ mile, finishing but a few feet behind Randle, the —The ping pong enthusiasts of the different winner. Dinan, Kasper, Escino and McDer-'. halls are considering the advisability of hold­ ing a tournament, with representives from mott, of St. Edward's, and- Mulligan, Randle, each hall. A contest of'this kind would no and Villenueva of Carroll deserve credit-for doubt be very interesting at the present time, their performances. . ' ' \ • with basketrball a dead issue:. The annexation­ 40-yard dash —Mulligan, ex-Minim, first; Kasjaer* ists are proficient exponents of this athletic Minim,'second; Rousseau, ex-Minim, third. Time, 5 3-5. pastime. 40-yard hurdles—Randle, ex-Minini, first; Berteling, —Last Monday evening the St! Joe Specials ex-Mmim, second; Munson, Minioi, third." Time, 5 3-5," held a meeting for the purpose of organizing 220-yard dash — Rousseau, and Mulligan, ex-Minims, tie for first; .Dinan, Minim,; third. y\ seconds. , . ' a baseball nine.. Everyone present showed r-- SSoryard dash — Randle, = ex - Minim, first; Carette, much' interest in the proceedings. Mr. John .Miniin, second; McDermotf, ex-Miniitn, third. 2:40 2-5. Murphy, was elected captain, Mr, F. J. Walsh "High-jump—;Rousseau, ex-Miiiim, first; Lnych, ex- manager. Thursday forenoon Captain Murphy Minim, second; Dinan, Minirii, third. 4 feet 3)^ inches. Pole-vault—Berteling, ex-Minim, first; Kelly, Minim, took his men out for their first practice. They second;'Esciuo.vMimm, third. •6,feet 10 nches. made a good showing, especially Mr. Charles Shot put^Villenueva, ex-Minim, first; ;Quinlan,'Minim, N. Cody at twirling the ball. Thus early Mr. second; Dinan, Minim,.third.. 27 feet '16 inches'. Murphy is well pleased at the prospects of • ^Broadjuoip^tRousseau, .ex--Minim^ iVluUigan; • ex-Minim, second; .Dinahj-Minim, third." 15 feet 2 iricnes. having a fast nine, which he thinks with little : Relay; Racer—.Won b^ practice; will be equal to. the best of the inter-haUrteams. .; , r 1