IDLS 2017 – Abu Dhabi (UAE)
1 1 Nov 2017
German Air Force Headquarters Mission Specific Data Links
Branch Chief TDL/ID/SIM LtCol Volker „Chaff“ Schaaf
UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO Overview
2 1 Nov 2017
DEU UNIT VMF (LOS) IP TAC SAT K02.35 „Aircraft Depart Initial Point“ CP Request for TARGET Fire Support VMF (LOS) VMF K 02.33 „CAS Aircrew (BLOS) JOINT FIRE SUPPORT TEAM + Briefing“ K 2.27 „CAS VMF (LOS) Request“ K 02.34 „Aircraft On- VMF JTAC Station Report“ (BLOS) K 2.32 „CAS Request Acceptance“ 4. J 12.0 MIDS/Link16 „Mission Assignment“ J 3.7 J 14.0 CESMO TUNE J 12.0 (J3.5) J 3.7 MESSAGE J 14.0 CESMO (J3.5) TIP ASOC (AOCC) MESSAGE / VMF/Link 16 Gateway TUNE REPLY CESMO (ASOC Gateway) Orbit (CAP) MESSAGE CESMO CESMO J 3.7 TIP MESSAGE / TUNE J 14.0 J-REAP MESSAGE (J3.5) CRC J 14.2 „EW Control Coordination“ TUNE REPLY SIA MESSAGE DCAOC SEWOC J-REAP J 3.7 „EW Product Information“ CESMO/Link 16 Gateway J 14.0 „EW Parametric Info“ (J 3.5 „Land (Ground) Point/Track“)
UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO Does it work already?
3 1 Nov 2017
Operational benefits by “combining” mission specific data links.
UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO Agenda
4 1 Nov 2017
Link 16
DaCAS - VMF & IDM
CESMO
Airborne Prototype
„Data Links“
Ex TIMBER EXPRESS
Challenges
UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO Link 16 - Definition
5 1 Nov 2017
• Tactical Data Link • TDMA-based • Secure and jam resistant • Line-of-sight • BLOS via JREAP or SIMPLE • J-series messages
TDMA: Time Division Multiple Access BLOS: Beyond Line-Of-Sight JREAP: Joint Range Extension Application Protocol SIMPLE: Standard Interface for Multiple-Link Evaluation UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO Link 16 – Functional Areas
6 1 Nov 2017
• Precise Participant Location and Identification • Surveillance • Command
➢ Mission Management
➢ Weapons Coordination • (Aircraft) Control • Electronic Warfare & Coordination
UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO DaCAS - Definition
7 1 Nov 2017
Digitally-aided Close Air Support • Close Air Support ➢ Air action by fixed or rotary-winged aircraft against hostile targets, that are in close proximity to friendly forces, and which requires detailed integration of each air mission with fire and movement of these forces. ➢ Requires excellent coordination with ground forces-
• Digital data exchange between the Joint Terminal Attack Controller (JTAC) and aircraft without dataflow disruption via: ➢ Crypted V/UHF radio data communication ➢ Variable Message Format (VMF)
CAS: Close Air Support DaCAS: Digitally-aided Close Air Support JTAC: Joint Terminal Attack Controller VMF: Variable Message Format V/UHF: Very/Ultra High Frequency UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO VMF - Definition
8 1 Nov 2017
Variable Message Format • Tactical Data Link? • K-series messages ➢ Message body: MIL-STD-6017 (in the future?: STANAG 5519 – ATDLP 5.19) • Application header ➢ MIL-STD-2045-47001 • Part of the J-series messages • Message format is fixed ➢ Fixed message data fields • Message size is variable ➢ Only data fields containing data will be transmitted STANAG: Standardization Agreement ATDLP: Allied Tactical Data Link Publication MIL-STD: Military Standard UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO VMF - FADs
9 1 Nov 2017
Functional Area Designators • FAD 00 Network Control • FAD 01 General Information Exchange • FAD 02 Fire Support • FAD 03 Air Operations • FAD 04 Intelligence Operations / Imagery • FAD 05 Land Combat Operations • FAD 06 Maritime Operations • FAD 07 Combat Service Support • FAD 08 Special Operations • FAD 09 Joint Task Force (JTF) Operations Control • FAD 10 Air Defence / Airspace Control VMF: Variable Message Format FAD: Functional Area Designators JTF: Joint Task Force UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO VMF – Use Case
10 1 Nov 2017
Functional Area Designators • FAD 00 Network Control • FAD 01 General Information Exchange • FAD 02 Fire Support • FAD 03 Air Operations • FAD 04 Intelligence Operations / Imagery • FAD 05 Land Combat Operations • FAD 06 Maritime Operations • FAD 07 Combat Service Support • FAD 08 Special Operations • FAD 09 Joint Task Force (JTF) Operations Control • FAD 10 Air Defence / Airspace Control DaCAS: Digitally-aided Close Air Support VMF: Variable Message Format UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO IDM - Definition
11 1 Nov 2017
Improved Data Modem • Interface to existing voice radios. • Transmit and receive digital data ➢ MIL-STD-188-220
IDM: Improved Data Modem MIL-STD: Military Standard UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO CESMO - Definition
12 1 Nov 2017
Co-operative Electronic Support Measures Operation • Rapid sharing, fusion and dissemination of information derived from ➢ Traditional & non traditional Electronic Support Measures (ESM) ➢ Traditional & non-traditional Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) to improve the survivability of coalition forces and to improve the exploitation of the electromagnetic spectrum by coalition forces. • Bi-directional ad-hoc multicast sensor radio network.
ESM: Electronic Support Measures SIGINT: Signals Intelligence CESMO: Co-operative Electronic Support Measures Operation UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO CESMO - Concept
13 1 Nov 2017
Concept • to collaborate tactically in joint and combined activities to share Electronic Support Measures (ESM) derived information in a timely manner. ➢ STANAG (Standardization Agreement) 4658 ➢ AEDP-13 (Allied Engineering Documentation Publication)
ESM: Electronic Support Measures STANAG: Standardization Agreement AEDP: Allied Engineering Documentation Publication CESMO: Co-operative Electronic Support Measures Operation UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO Airborne Prototype – DEU Tornado
14 1 Nov 2017
• Link 16: Full Implementation Air / Ground / Sea • VMF: IAW US JS Co-ordinated Implementation ➢ A/C/C and B/Dch1/Dch1 (Auto stack detection) ➢ Implementing ECPs
• CESMO: RWR & ELS
VMF: Variable Message Format US JS: USA Joint Staff RWR: Radar Warning Receiver ELS: Emitter Location System CESMO: Co-operative Electronic Support Measures Operation UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO Integration Prototype
15 1 Nov 2017
UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO Integration Prototype
16 1 Nov 2017
MIL-BUS Interface Computer Unit (ICU) KY-58 HQ-II 1553 Interface
UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO Integration Prototype
17 1 Nov 2017
Hardware
Application
Message Protocol (CESMO) (VMF) Skype WhatsApp AEDP-13 MIL-STD 2045-47001 C+D1 Proprietary Proprietary MIL-STD 6017 A/B/C
Standard MIL-Std 188-220 C+D1 IEEE 802.11n
UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO Data Links – Mission Specific?
18 1 Nov 2017
MIDS Low Volume Terminal IDM / Crypto / UHF Radio or (LVT) LAN/WAN • J-Messages • CESMO Messages
MIDS/Link16 CESMO
SIA
CRC LAN / WAN (J-REAP) • J-Messages SEWOC LAN / WAN (J-REAP) • J-Messages
DCAOC
UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO “Combining” !?
19 1 Nov 2017
DEU UNIT VMF (LOS) IP TAC SAT K02.35 „Aircraft Depart Initial Point“ CP Request for TARGET Fire Support VMF (LOS) VMF K 02.33 „CAS Aircrew (BLOS) JOINT FIRE SUPPORT TEAM + Briefing“ K 2.27 „CAS VMF (LOS) Request“ K 02.34 „Aircraft On- VMF JTAC Station Report“ (BLOS) K 2.32 „CAS Request Acceptance“ 4. J 12.0 MIDS/Link16 „Mission Assignment“ J 3.7 J 14.0 CESMO TUNE J 12.0 (J3.5) J 3.7 MESSAGE J 14.0 CESMO (J3.5) TIP ASOC (AOCC) MESSAGE / TUNE REPLY CESMO Orbit (CAP) MESSAGE CESMO CESMO J 3.7 TIP MESSAGE / TUNE J 14.0 J-REAP MESSAGE (J3.5) CRC J 14.2 „EW Control Coordination“ TUNE REPLY SIA MESSAGE DCAOC SEWOC J-REAP J 3.7 „EW Product Information“ J 14.0 „EW Parametric Info“ (J 3.5 „Land (Ground) Point/Track“)
UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO “Combining” – Where the Magic happens!
20 1 Nov 2017
DEU UNIT VMF (LOS) IP TAC SAT K02.35 „Aircraft Depart Initial Point“ CP Request for TARGET L16/VMFFire Support - VMF (LOS) VMF K 02.33 „CAS Aircrew (BLOS) GatewayJOINT FIRE SUPPORT TEAM + Briefing“ K 2.27 „CAS VMF (LOS) Request“ K 02.34 „Aircraft On- VMF JTAC Station Report“ (BLOS) K 2.32 „CAS Request L16/CESMO- Acceptance“ 4. J 12.0 MIDS/Link16 „Mission Assignment“ J 3.7 Gateway J 14.0 CESMO TUNE J 12.0 (J3.5) J 3.7 MESSAGE J 14.0 CESMO (J3.5) TIP ASOC (AOCC) MESSAGE / TUNE REPLY CESMO Orbit (CAP) MESSAGE CESMO CESMO J 3.7 TIP MESSAGE / TUNE J 14.0 J-REAP MESSAGE (J3.5) CRC J 14.2 „EW Control Coordination“ TUNE REPLY SIA MESSAGE DCAOC SEWOC J-REAP J 3.7 „EW Product Information“ J 14.0 „EW Parametric Info“ (J 3.5 „Land (Ground) Point/Track“)
UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO Ex TIMBER EXPRESS
21 1 Nov 2017
Officer Scheduling the Exercise
German Air Force Headquarters
Officer Conducting the Exercise
German Air Operation Command
UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO What is TE?
22 1 Nov 2017
• „Link 16 Live Training Exercise“ • Bi-national: DEU - USA • L16 core IDM-based comms • Goal: Promote L16 • Challenge: Advance L16 interoperability
➢ Within L16
➢ Other DLs
➢ Analysis
UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO Expectation!
23 1 Nov 2017
• Maintain L16 ex network • Networks for testing • QRA(I) support • Learning experience for SMEs • Training completion • Educate senior leadership
UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO Experimental Part
24 1 Nov 2017
• Integration of VMF & CESMO • Fusion of different domains • „Forwarding“ VMF / CESMO L16 • S/A augmentation • Challenging the planners • JREAP-C via „dirty“ internet • Remote control of L16-terminals
UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO What happened in reality?
25 1 Nov 2017
• Training
✓ Demanding data link environment
✓ QRA(I) & live flying support
✓ Additional experimental network • Experimental Part
✓ Automated translation VMF CESMO
✓ Automatic transmission CESMO L16 • Hanscom
✓ TX of „tactical picture“
UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO Benefits / Assessment?
26 1 Nov 2017
• Training
✓ Training goals were achieved
✓ Indication of conspicuous behaviour
✓ Analysis is effective for further details • Experimental Part
✓ „Common Situation Picture“
✓ Enormous information density • Hanscom
✓ Internet „Network Enabled Operations“
✓ Civil data infra-structure: pros and cons
UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO TE Lessons
27 1 Nov 2017
• What did we see?
• What have we learned?
• What will we change?
• What will we ignore?
UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO What did we see?
28 1 Nov 2017
• Large scale live tactical data link exercises are an outstanding training opportunity. • CESMO may have a long and interesting future. • Using open means of communication should be evaluated more thoroughly.
UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO What have we learned?
29 1 Nov 2017
• There is always more to learn about Link 16. • A rigid test plan may not be helpful. • “Things do not start to fall apart until you start connecting things!”. • “If you wait until the last minute, it only takes a minute!”.
UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO What will we change?
30 1 Nov 2017
• A planning time frame of two months may be a bit too short.
• A week of setup is not enough.
UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO What will we ignore?
31 1 Nov 2017
“You can’t do that!”
UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO What’s next in 2018?
32 1 Nov 2017
• Carry out another one!
• Remaining 2017 goals!
• Involvement of Link 22!
UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO Challenges
33 1 Nov 2017
• Need for a standard L16/VMF?
• Need for a standard L16/CESMO?
• Need for a standard VMF/CESMO?
• 9-liner as a J-message?
• Planning & coordination done by one authority?
• OPTASK Link? Frequencies?
• New series of messages?
• …
UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO Mission Accomplished – IDLS 2016
34 1 Nov 2017
UNCLASSIFIED - FOUO Thank you for your attention!
35 1 Nov 2017
Volker Schaaf German Air Force Headquarters Lieutenant Colonel Branch 2 III b – TDL / ID / M&S / OR Branch Chief [email protected] [email protected] General-Steinhoff-Kaserne Phone: +49(0)30–3687–3281 Kladower Damm 182 D-14089 Berlin (Germany)