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Nelumbo Vol 60 (1), (85-89) 2018 ISSN (Print) : 0976-5069 DOI : 10.20324/nelumbo/v60/2018/130180 ISSN (Online) : 2455-376X Contribution to the liverwort and hornwort flora of Jharkhand Sushil Kumar Singh and Shashi Kumar Botanical Survey of India, Eastern Regional Centre, Shillong – 793003, India Corresponding author: [email protected] >kj[kaM ds fyojoVZ ,oa gkuZoVZ ouLifrtkr esa ;ksxnku lq’khy dqekj flag ,oa ‘kf’k dqekj Lkkjka‘k bl v/;;u esa fyojoVZ~l dh ukS tkfr;ksa] fjfDl;k dsojukslk gkQ~e-] fj- ÝkLVkbZ vkfLVu] fj- g~;wCksusfj;kuk fyaMsaCk-] fj- feysuksLiksjk d’;i] fj- ilksZuh lqYrku [kku] fj- lksjksdkikZ fCk’p-] lk;FkksfM;e dsojusje dqat ,oa ysg~e-] ekdsZaf’k;k ifIi;kuk ysg~e- mitkfr jkscqLVk ¼LVsQ-½ fCk’py- rFkk gkuZoVZ dh ,d tkfr uksVksFkSyl d’;ikbZ Mh-ds- flag >kj[kaM jkT; ls igyh Ckkj vfHkysf[kr dj of.kZr dh x;h gSa ABSTRACT Present study reports nine species of liverworts namely, Riccia cavernosa Hoffm., R. frostii Austin, R. glauca L., R. huebeneriana Lindenb., R. melanospora Kashyap, R. perssonii Sultan Khan, R. sorocarpa Bisch., Cyathodium cavernarum Kunze ex Lehm., Marchantia pappeana Lehm. subsp. robusta (Steph.) Bischl. and one hornwort Notothylas kashyapii time from Jharkhand state. D.K. Singh for the first Keywords: Cyathodium, Jharkhand, Marchantia, New Record, Notothylas, Riccia INTRODUCTION far as liverwort and hornwort diversity is concerned, the state remains almost Terra incognita. Only four species, Jharkhand is a mineral rich state, with a geographical area namely Riccia billardierei Mont. & Nees, Plagiochasma of 79,710 km2, of which 28.72% area is under forest cover. appendiculatum Lehm. & Lindenb., Cololejeunea The area has a tropical climate with annual rainfall of about latilobula (Herzog) Tixier and Spruceanthus minutilobula 900 mm and the temperature ranging between 4–47°C. (Udar & U.S. Awasthi) Sushil K. Singh were reported from Due to diverse physiographic and climatic conditions, Jharkhand (Singh & al., 2016; Singh & Kumar, 2016). One the state possesses a unique plant diversity sprawling of the authors (SK) recently (2015-2017) collected several across tropical dry deciduous, moist deciduous, dry specimens from Rajmahal Hills – a world famous place peninsular and dry mixed deciduous forest. As compared for fossil. Careful study of these collections reveal the to phanerogams (which is apparently better explored), presence of 10 noteworthy species from the state including cryptogamic flora is poorly documented for the State. As Riccia cavernosa Hoffm., R. frostii Austin, R. glauca L., Received: 09.04.18 Accepted: 03.07.18 Date of Publication: 31.07.18 Contribution to the liverwort and hornwort flora of Jharkhand R. huebeneriana Lindenb., R. melanospora Kashyap, R. reddish male plants readily separate it from other species perssonii Sultan Khan, R. sorocarpa Bisch. (Ricciaceae), under the genus. The spores are highly characteristic, C. cavernarum Kunze ex Lehm. (Cyathodiaceae), being lamellate on both proximal and distal surfaces. Marchantia pappeana Lenm. subsp. robusta (Steph.) Distribution: India [Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Bischl. (Marchantiaceae) and Notothylas kashyapii D.K. Delhi, Jammu & Kahshmir, Jharkhand-present study, Singh (Notothyladaceae). All the ten species are recorded Kerala, Maharashtra, Manipur, Madhya Pradesh, here for the first time from the state. Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal], Bangladesh, China, Iran, TAXONOMIC TREATMENT Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Turkey, Africa, Europe, North & South America (Singh & al., 2016 and literature therein). LIVERWORTS Specimen examined: Jharkhand, Rajmahal Hills, Sahibganj district, near Amjhor riverside, terrestrial, RICCIACEAE 24°50’46.61” N, 87°42’29.17” E, 40 m, 21.11.2015, Shashi 1. Riccia cavernosa Hoffm., Deutschl. Fl. 2: 95. 1796 Kumar JH – 13, 19, 23 (ASSAM); near Amjhor river emend. Raddi, Opusc. Sci. (Bologna) 12: 351. 1818. side to near Chutia riverside, terrestrial, 24°50’26.54” N, This is most common species found in Indian plains 87°42’30.97” E, 38 m, 23.03.2016, Shashi Kumar JH – 26, during winter season. This species can be recognised by 27 (ASSAM). its spongy thallus which is almost up to 10 mm long and up to 3 mm broad with inconspicuous sulcus (except near 3. Riccia glauca L., Sp. Pl. 1139. 1753. var. glauca apex) and Ricciella - type thallus anatomy. The spores This is a less known species in Indian bryology. It is are brown, globose to subglobose, anisopolar, 65–90 μm very closely related to R. sorocarpa which, however, in diameter with the distal surface showing prominent distinctly differ in having 2-layered epidermis (mamillate, lamellae incrusted with granules and puncti forming disorganising upper layer and thick-walled persistent incomplete reticulations, and the proximal surface with lower layer) as against single-layered epidermis in R. conspicuous tri-radiate mark, often with granules on glauca. each face, simple or branched and anastomosing ridges Distribution: India [Assam, Jharkhand-present which occasionally formcomplete reticulum. It closely study, Maharashtra, Odisha], China, Iran, Japan, Korea, resembles R. crystallina L., but distinctly differs in having New Zealand, Russia, Taiwan, Turkey, Africa, Europe, 6-10 complete reticulations on distal surface in the latter. Macronesia, North America (Singh & al., 2016 and Distribution: India [Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand- literature therein). present study, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Nagaland, Specimen examined: Jharkhand, Rajmahal Hills, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal], Bangladesh, Sahibganj district, Barharwa, near Bindudham temple, Iran, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Africa, Australia, Europe, terrestrial, 24°51’55.02” N, 87°45’46.36” E, 61 m, Macronesia, North & South America (Singh & al., 2016 02.10.2016, Shashi Kumar JH – 39, 46B, 48, 49B (ASSAM). and literature therein). 4. Riccia huebeneriana Lindenb., Nov. Actorum Acad. Specimen examined: Jharkhand, Rajmahal Hills, Caes. Leop. - Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 18: 504. 1836. Sahibganj district, near Amjhor riverside, terrestrial, This is most common species in Northeast India at 24°50’46.61” N, 87°42’29.17” E, 40 m, 21.11.2015, Shashi elevation of 500–1200 m, though it is least mentioned Kumar JH – 18 (ASSAM); near Singhi dalan, Ganga in the published literatures. The plants grow usually in riverside, terrestrial, 25°03’20.70” N, 87°50’01.02” E, 32 caespitose patches often forming rosettes. It can be easily m, 14.01.2017, Shashi Kumar JH – 55 B (ASSAM). differentiated from other species in having bright green, 2. Riccia frostii Austin, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 6: 17. 1875. narrowly elongated, deeply sulcate Ricciella - type thalli This is another most common species ofRiccia in which possess golden yellow, subglobose to triangular India, distributed in plains along rivulet edges, canal and anisopolar spores measuring 60–85 μm in diameter sides, garden beds, river beds, etc., especially in sandy with distal surface having 6-8 reticulations across. soils during winter. The plants somewhat look like R. Distribution: India [Assam, Goa, Jharkhand-present cavernosa but less cavernose and much elongated. The study, Nagaland, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, 86 www.nelumbo-bsi.org Nelumbo Sushil Kumar Singh and Shashi Kumar Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal], China, Japan, Kumar JH – 04; Near Amjhor riverside to near Chutia Korea, Philippines, Russia, Sri Lanka, Africa, Europe, riverside, terrestrial, 24°50’03.87” N, 87°42’22.51” E, Macronesia, North America (Singh & al., 2016 and 39 m, 16.01.2017, Shashi Kumar JH – 67, 69 A, 71, 76 literature therein). A; terrestrial, 24°49’52.61” N, 87°42’15.42” E, 39 m, Specimen examined: Jharkhand, Rajmahal Hills, Pakur 27.02.2017, Shashi Kumar JH – 78 A, 79 (ASSAM). district, near Simlong riverside, terrestrial, 24°50’03.87” N, 87°42’22.51” E, 39 m, 03.10.2016, Shashi Kumar JH – 7. Riccia sorocarpa Bisch., Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop. 50, 52; near Amjhor riverside to near Chutia riverside, - Carol. German. Nat.Cur. 17: 1053. 1835 var. sorocarpa terrestrial, 24°50’03.87” N, 87°42’22.51” E, 39 m, Distribution: India [Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand- 16.01.2017, Shashi Kumar JH – 75 ( ASSAM). present study, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, West Bengal], Bangladesh, China, Hawaii, Iran, Japan, Korea, New 5. Riccia melanospora Kashyap, Liwerw. W. Himal. 1: 94. Zealand, Russia, Sri Lanka, Turkey, Africa, Australia, 1929. Europe, Macronesia, North & South America (Singh & This species is distributed in Indian subcontinent al., 2016 and literature therein). only (Singh & al., 2016). This is characterized by oblong- Specimen examined: Jharkhand, Rajmahal Hills, obovate robust thalli with inconspicuous cilia and Sahibganj district, near Amjhor riverside to near Chutia comparatively larger spores (80–100µm) with 10–15 riverside, terrestrial, 24°50’03.87” N, 87°42’22.51” E, 39 reticulation across the diameter on distal surface. m, 16.01.2017, Shashi Kumar, JH – 72, 75B (ASSAM). Distribution: India [Jammu & Kashmir, Jharkhand- present study, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, CYATHODIACEAE Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, 8. Cyathodium cavernarum Kunze ex Lehm. in Lehm. & West Bengal], Bangladesh, Pakistan (Singh & al., 2016 Lindenb., Nov. Stirp. Pug. 6: 18. 1834. and literature therein). This is most common species of the genus Cyathodium Specimen examined: India, Jharkhand, Rajmahal Kunze ex Lehm. in India. The plants can be easily Hills, Sahibganj district, Barharwa, near Bindudham visualised in plains of northern