Soviet Jewry (1) Box: 23
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Washington Committee for Soviet Jewry,1968
Ambassador Richard Schifter December, 2013 As you know, I have not lived a life in which I have blown my horn. However, before I depart the scene, let me make a record of my contribution to the emigration campaign, for historical purposes and for my descendants. Some of this is covered in my book, Human Rights, Perestroika, and the End of the Cold War. Significant numbers of Soviet Jews became interested in emigrating from the Soviet Union after the 1967 War. At the beginning of the War, Soviet media had gotten the message out that Israel was about to be defeated and destroyed. When it turned out that Israel had succeeded in the War, Russian Jews had once again become aware of the existence of Israel. Zionism in that part of the world was reborn. Jews also increasingly felt discrimination, both in the job market and in higher education. So the emigration campaign started and the Soviet government soon clamped down on it, allowing only a few exit permits. In 1966 the number of exit permits for Jews was about 2000. In 1970 it was about 1000. But the Soviet Jewry movement had gotten started, calling for free emigration from the Soviet Union. Even though Kissinger, and thus the Nixon and Ford Administrations, did not have emigration on its détente agenda, the movement had gotten many members of Congress interested and the Soviet Union began to hear from members of the movement. By 1972 the number of exit permits for Jews was past 13,000. In 1974 came the Jackson-Vanik amendment, encouraging the Soviet Jewry movement to keep going. -
Israeli Reactions in a Soviet Moment: Reflections on the 1970 Leningrad Affair
No. 58 l September 2020 KENNAN CABLE Mark Dymshits, Sylva Zalmanson, Edward Kuznetsov & 250,000 of their supporters in New York Ciry, 1979. (Photo:Courtesy of Ilya Levkov; CC-BY-SA) Israeli Reactions in a Soviet Moment: Reflections on the 1970 Leningrad Affair By Jonathan Dekel-Chen The Kennan Institute convened a virtual meeting and public demonstrators pushed the Kremlin to retry in June 2020 marking the 50th anniversary of the the conspirators, commute death sentences for their attempted hijacking of a Soviet commercial flight from leaders, and reduce the prison terms for the rest. Leningrad.1 The 16 Jewish hijackers hoped to draw international attention to their struggle for emigration to A showing of the 2016 documentary filmOperation Israel, although many of them did not believe that they Wedding (the code name for the hijacking) produced by would arrive at their destination. Some were veterans Anat Zalmanson-Kuznetsov, daughter of two conspirators, of the Zionist movement who had already endured preceded the Kennan panel and served as a backdrop punishment for so-called “nationalist, anti-Soviet for its conversations. The film describes the events from crimes,” whereas others were newcomers to activism.2 the vantage point of her parents. As it shows, the plight Their arrest on the Leningrad airport tarmac in June of the hijackers—in particular Edward Kuznetsov and 1970, followed by a show trial later that year, brought Sylva Zalmanson—became a rallying point for Jewish the hijackers the international attention they sought. and human rights activists in the West. Both eventually Predictably, the trial resulted in harsh prison terms. -
Helsinki Watch Committees in the Soviet Republics: Implications For
FINAL REPORT T O NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR SOVIET AND EAST EUROPEAN RESEARC H TITLE : HELSINKI WATCH COMMITTEES IN THE SOVIET REPUBLICS : IMPLICATIONS FOR THE SOVIET NATIONALITY QUESTIO N AUTHORS : Yaroslav Bilinsky Tönu Parming CONTRACTOR : University of Delawar e PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS : Yaroslav Bilinsky, Project Director an d Co-Principal Investigato r Tönu Parming, Co-Principal Investigato r COUNCIL CONTRACT NUMBER : 621- 9 The work leading to this report was supported in whole or in part fro m funds provided by the National Council for Soviet and East European Research . NOTICE OF INTENTION TO APPLY FOR COPYRIGH T This work has been requested for manuscrip t review for publication . It is not to be quote d without express written permission by the authors , who hereby reserve all the rights herein . Th e contractual exception to this is as follows : The [US] Government will have th e right to publish or release Fina l Reports, but only in same forma t in which such Final Reports ar e delivered to it by the Council . Th e Government will not have the righ t to authorize others to publish suc h Final Reports without the consent o f the authors, and the individua l researchers will have the right t o apply for and obtain copyright o n any work products which may b e derived from work funded by th e Council under this Contract . ii EXEC 1 Overall Executive Summary HELSINKI WATCH COMMITTEES IN THE SOVIET REPUBLICS : IMPLICATIONS FOR THE SOVIET NATIONALITY QUESTION by Yaroslav Bilinsky, University of Delawar e d Tönu Parming, University of Marylan August 1, 1975, after more than two years of intensive negotiations, 35 Head s of Governments--President Ford of the United States, Prime Minister Trudeau of Canada , Secretary-General Brezhnev of the USSR, and the Chief Executives of 32 othe r European States--signed the Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperatio n in Europe (CSCE) . -
Western Europe
Western Europe Great Britain National Affairs JL HE DOMINANT EVENT of 1983 was the general election in June, which gave the Conservatives an overall majority of 144 seats. The election results led to the immediate eclipse of Michael Foot as Labor leader and Roy Jenkins as head of the Liberal-Social Democratic alliance; Neil Kinnock took over as Labor head and David Owen as leader of the Social Democrats. The Conservative victory was attributable in part to a fall in the inflation rate; in May it stood at 3.7 per cent, the lowest figure in 15 years. The "Falklands factor" also contributed to the Conserva- tive win, in that the government of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher appeared resolute in the pursuit of its aims. Finally, the Conservative victory owed something to disunity in Labor's ranks. The extreme right-wing parties fielded about 66 per cent fewer candidates in 1983 than in 1979; there were 59 National Front (NF) candidates, 53 British National party candidates (this party had broken away from the NF in 1980), and 14 can- didates belonging to other right-wing groups. The extreme-left Workers' Revolu- tionary party fielded 21 candidates. In October Home Secretary Leon Brittan announced plans to raise the electoral deposit to an "acceptable minimum," thus making it more difficult for extremist candidates to run for office. A report issued in October by the national advisory committee of the Young Conservatives maintained that "extreme and racialist forces are at work inside the Conservative party." Despite this, however, Jacob Gewirtz, director of the Board of Deputies of British Jews' defense and group relations department, indicated in December that in recent years the focus of antisemitism in Britain had shifted dramatically from the extreme right to the extreme left. -
Religious Believers and the New Soviet Emigration
78 Chronicle for his views on Gorbachev's policy the other people. Yet propaganda of glasnost' and replied with the expounds only one truth. This is following words: detrimental to the cause. I there It seems to me that thinking is fore believe that full and truthful either right or wrong. If it is wrong information is very important. then it assesses reality incorrectly, Through truth we reach mutual and if it is right, it understands understanding. From there it is not what reaUty actually is . When so far to universal peace. one people is dealing with another it must know the whole truth about MALCOLM WALKER Religious Believers and the New Soviet Emigration The figures for Jewish emigration The moving sight of Anatoli Shchar from the Soviet Union are widely ansky kissing the Western Wall in regarded, especially among the im Jerusalem is not repeated by every portant Jewish lobby in the United Jewish emigrant. However, last year States, as a yardstick of current there were a number of Hebrew Soviet attitudes to human rights teachers and religious activists questions. Jewish emigration in 1987 amorig the emigrants, some of them, has been higher than in any year since such as Yulian Edelshtein, formerly the late 1970s. But almost unnoticed, imprisoned for their religious activ emigration of ethnic Germans to ity, for whom the dream of being West Germany has jumped, and has allowed to go to the Promised Land now for the first time overtaken has been fulfilled after years of the Jewish figure. Even Armenian campaigning. There was universal emigration has recently increased, joy among the Moscow Jewish com passing the 6,000 mark last year. -
1988-09-09 -Needs Redos.Pdf
*************** ********5-DIGIT 029)l 2239 li/3J/8 ft 34 7 R. I. 2Ei,JSH HIS JR I CAL ;sSSOCIATION Inside: Local News, pages 2-3 130 SESSIONS ST. Opinion, page 4 P~O~lDENCE, R'. 02906 Around Town, page 8 THE ONLY ENGL/SH--JEW!SH WEEKLY IN R./. AND SOUTHEAST MASS. VOLUME LXXV, NUMBER 41 FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 9, 1988 35¢ PER COPY The Sons of ,Jacob Synagogue is as the Baal Koreh, Torah reader, at various chassidic t<!xts. Yea riv. he the oldest "shul" in Rhode Island Mishkan Tefilah. He also would complete a tractat.e in the A New Beginning outside of the Touro Synagogue in co- published a brn,k with Rabbi Gomorah so that first-born men Newport. Conveniently located Mendel Alperin. The book. called would not have l<i fast the day of nea r downtown and the Marriott Se/er Dvash, was written to relate Passover. He a lso completed Hotel. the Sons of Jacob became the Torah insighLs of his studying all 14 volumes of the place where ,Jewish father-in-law, Rav Shabse Alperin. Maimonides Mishne Torah in one husinessmen depended on fo r a of blessed memory. year. and made a community-wide <laily minyan. Over the years, the While other men Rabbi Drazin's "siyum" lo help celebrate the Synagogu~ has hosted visitors age have retired or at least slowed Anniversary of Maimonides hirth. coming to Providence for the down. he has continued wo rking at While his future plans have yet -Jewelry Show and American Math a young man's pace. -
Snapshots of the People Behind a Young State
Snapshots of the People Behind a Young State A Unique Display in Honor of Israel's 70th Anniversary From The Bernard H. and Miriam Oster Visual Documentation Center Beit Hatfutsot, The Museum of the Jewish People Curator: Yaara Litwin | Concept & design: Neta Harel YEARS בית הספר הבינלאומי The Koret ע"ש קורת International School Ministry for Social Equality ללימודי העם היהודי for Jewish Peoplehood - 1 - Celebrating Israel: Snapshots of the People Behind a Young State A Unique Photo Display in Honor of Israel's 70th Anniversary From the collection of The Bernard H. and Miriam Oster Visual Documentation Center Beit Hatfutsot, The Museum of the Jewish People, Tel Aviv This comprehensive exhibit showcases a selection Israel, online and around the world, through innovative of historical moments that embody the great exhibits, cutting edge technology and creative endeavor that was the establishment of the State programs. of Israel, as seen through the eyes of its people. Beit Hatfutsot maintains a digital database boasting Highlighted within are the experiences of Jews from millions of items including family trees, films, and around the world who escaped hatred and fear to much more. The Database helps connect the Jewish live freely in a Jewish state. People to their roots and strengthens their personal Depicted are primarily new citizens who made and collective Jewish identity Aliyah (immigrated to Israel; literally "ascended") The Bernard H. and Miriam Oster Visual Documentation to the young country. Their struggles and triumphs Center is an unparalleled catalogue of photographs and evidence how these immigrants overcame the films documenting Jewish life, heritage and history. -
Reliving the Vigil by Norman Goldstein
Norman Goldstein was chair of the Jewish Historical Society of Greater Washington’s Community Advisory Committee for the Voices of the Vigil exhibition. He is a past president of the Jewish Community Council and was a chair of the Freedom Sunday Rally for Soviet Jewry in 1987. His insight on the vigil follows. Reliving the Vigil by Norman Goldstein The Jewish Historical Society of Greater Washington’s Voices of the Vigil exhibit in JCCGW’s Goldman Art Gallery tells the story of one of the most memorable periods in all of our lives, when we truly transformed the world. Together, we brought down the Soviet Union and made it possible for more than a million of our fellow Jews to emigrate to Israel, and for countless others to live in countries of their choosing. Free to make aliyah as a result of our protests, the great numbers of new and highly skilled olim (immigrants) changed the face of Israel and guaranteed its long-term survival as a sovereign state. We supported and nurtured the rebirth of Jewish life and culture in the former Soviet Union. We did all this as a united Jewish people, supported by many other people of good will. We had a common purpose of ensuring the dignity and human rights of our fellow Jews and other persecuted people, whose religious freedoms and other rights had been suppressed for so long. Started by a group of college students, the Soviet Jewry movement took hold across the United States in the late 1960s. Thereafter, from 1970 to 1991, the Washington community protested, marched, wrote letters and petitioned. -
Let My People Go: the Untold Story of Australia and the Soviet Jews 1959–89 Sam Lipski and Suzanne D
MEDIA RELEASE – HYBRID PUBLISHERS April 2015 “… an inspiring and fascinating story” —John Howard, former Prime Minister of Australia Let My People Go: The untold story of Australia and the Soviet Jews 1959–89 Sam Lipski and Suzanne D. Rutland For 50 years, until the Berlin Wall fell in 1989, the Soviet Union ran a campaign of repression, imprisonment, political trials and terror against its 3 million Jews. In Australia, political leaders and the Jewish community contributed significantly to the international protest movement which eventually triumphed over Moscow’s tyranny and led to the modern Exodus of Soviet Jews to Israel and other countries. Lipski and Rutland make this largely unknown Australian story come alive with a combination of passion, personal experience and ground-breaking research. “The struggle for the freedom of Soviet Jewry was one of the most powerful displays of strength and solidarity by the world Jewish community … even those intimately familiar with the Publication: April 2015 struggle will be surprised to discover in Let My People Go how ISBN: 978-1-925000-85-6 the Australian Jewish community and its leaders were among RRP: AUD $29.95 the campaign's initiators, and how they saw it through to its Binding: Perfect bound successful conclusion. This is a unique testament to how a small Pages: 296 group can play a big role in history.” —Natan Sharansky, Size: 155 x 233mm Chairman Jewish Agency for Israel, Prisoner of Zion (1977–86) Subjects: Non-fiction, Jewish history *** About the authors: Publisher: Hybrid Publishers Sam Lipski is an award-winning journalist who has written for P O Box 52 Ormond The Australian, The Bulletin, the Jerusalem Post and the Victoria Australia 3204 Washington Post, and was the Australian Jewish News’ Editor-in- Tel: 03 9504 3462 Chief 1987-98. -
Russians Send. Arms To. Fatah Est Bank
Page Twelve THE JEWISH POST Thursday, September 28, 1972 STACi{ ~s --- ,OVERSIZE BRITAIN REPORTEDLY DENIES FILM COMPANY . U.S., Israeli Financiers EGYPT ON JAGUAR FIGHTERS BOYCOTTS ARABS BARNEY GLAZER Rome-Britain will not sell Egypt Los Angeles (JCNS) - The Four 1 Open International Bank the Jaguar high-performance fighter Star Entertainment Corporation of • el Aviv-One of America's major I Israeli business and industry by 'aircraft, according to authoritative Hollywood, an international distri- IN HOLLYWOOD financial institutions has joined with I U.S. firms and individuals. o urces in ,Rome. bu tor of American films and televi- I Israeli interests to launch· this The Pennsylvania Corporation is The sources coDfinned that Britain sion feattires, has announced that it country's first international bank. 'investing $16 million in acquiring had been approached by Egypt for. has ,broken olf business relations The First ,International Bank of 41.6 per cent shares of the new arms following Egypt's l' e c en t with Arab countries harboring ter- I Israel opened for business here this international bank. This is reported wholesale expulsion of Soviet offi- I rorists.· J • George Jessel refused to accept an appointment as Israel's To,/stmaster. '-V~ol~. Xrmrr:;~~---WIWINNNN1iIP~E~G},,~'lri'HEfURSDAY, OCTOBER 5, 1972 No. 40 week formed by an international to be one of the' largest amounts cials from the country. The announcement, lSSued the day George doesn',t want a job that pays him in pledges. group headed by the First Pennsyl- ever invested in a single Israeli UNIONS WARN AGAINST But Britain has an embargo on after the Muni.ch' mw:~cre, also I Jackie Barnett, who wrote much of Jimmy Durante's material, wrote vania Corporation, the holding com- enterprise 'by a foreign commercial TERRORISM deliveries of offensive weapons' to. -
Defending Identity: Its Indispensable Role in Protecting Democracy by Natan Sharansky, Public Affairs, 2008, 304 Pp
Defending Identity: Its Indispensable Role in Protecting Democracy by Natan Sharansky, Public Affairs, 2008, 304 pp. David Lowe In a celebrated essay written nearly 40 years ago, Isaiah Berlin invoked Schiller’s image of the ‘bent twig’ to portray the phenomenon of nationalism as a people’s aggressive response to persecution and humiliation – ‘an inflamed condition of national consciousness.’ But nationalism, he acknowledged, does have a number of positive characteristics, crediting another German poet/philosopher, Johann Gottfried Herder, with helping nationalism emerge in the 18th century as a coherent doctrine by arguing that every human community has ‘its own unique shape and pattern.’ Herder’s thinking, according to Berlin, is dominated by a conviction that ‘among the basic needs of men, as elemental as that for food or procreation or communication, is the need to belong to a group.’ [1] Nationalism would be challenged by 19th century doctrines of liberal rationalism propagated by those Berlin described as ‘unswerving champions of reason, who rejected faith in tradition, intuition, transcendent sources of authority as mere smokescreens to justify irrationality, ignorance, bias, fear of the truth.’ [2] Today, nationalism and close relatives such as ethnic and cultural solidarity are frequently associated with bigotry, violence, and even genocide. And not without foundation; in the past two decades alone, the world has witnessed the horrors of Bosnia, Kosovo, Rwanda, and Chechnya, not to mention 9/11, the violent tribal warfare last year in Kenya, the ongoing genocide in Darfur, and episodes of sectarian violence in parts of Africa and Asia. Those who seek to establish international standards of human rights argue that we must first break down the barriers that separate ethnic, religious, and even national groupings. -
Foreign Visitors and the Post-Stalin Soviet State
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2016 Porous Empire: Foreign Visitors And The Post-Stalin Soviet State Alex Hazanov Hazanov University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Hazanov, Alex Hazanov, "Porous Empire: Foreign Visitors And The Post-Stalin Soviet State" (2016). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 2330. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2330 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2330 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Porous Empire: Foreign Visitors And The Post-Stalin Soviet State Abstract “Porous Empire” is a study of the relationship between Soviet institutions, Soviet society and the millions of foreigners who visited the USSR between the mid-1950s and the mid-1980s. “Porous Empire” traces how Soviet economic, propaganda, and state security institutions, all shaped during the isolationist Stalin period, struggled to accommodate their practices to millions of visitors with material expectations and assumed legal rights radically unlike those of Soviet citizens. While much recent Soviet historiography focuses on the ways in which the post-Stalin opening to the outside world led to the erosion of official Soviet ideology, I argue that ideological attitudes inherited from the Stalin era structured institutional responses to a growing foreign presence in Soviet life. Therefore, while Soviet institutions had to accommodate their economic practices to the growing numbers of tourists and other visitors inside the Soviet borders and were forced to concede the existence of contact zones between foreigners and Soviet citizens that loosened some of the absolute sovereignty claims of the Soviet party-statem, they remained loyal to visions of Soviet economic independence, committed to fighting the cultural Cold War, and profoundly suspicious of the outside world.