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Effect of Storage of Water in Different Metal Vessels on Coliforms

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Effect of Storage of Water in Different Metal Vessels on Coliforms Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2013) 2(11): 24-29 ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 2 Number 11 (2013) pp. 24-29 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Effect of storage of water in different metal vessels on coliforms Sreedevi Sarsan* Department of Microbiology, St. Pious X Degree & P.G College, Nacharam, Hyderabad-500076, A.P. India *Corresponding author A B S T R A C T Good drinking water quality is essential to the health and well-being of all people. The most serious water pollutants in terms of human health worldwide are K e y w o r d s pathogenic organisms. Acceptable water quality occurs when there are especially no bacteria of faecal origin i.e coliforms. The pond water was collected and stored overnight at room temperature in vessels made of copper, silver, brass, aluminium Coliforms; and stainless steel. Coliform counts of the water were taken before and after water storage. The results showed that the no: of coliforms reduced on storing water in all contamination; the metal vessels used. But there was a significant reduction in the no: of coliforms antimicrobial; in water stored in brass and copper vessels. The no: of coliforms have significantly presumptive reduced from >1800 to 43 in the water sample stored in brass (an alloy consisting test; mainly of copper) vessel while from >1800 to 75 in the water sample stored in MPN table copper vessel. Thus it was concluded that copper is the most effective metal in killing the coliforms. Introduction Good drinking water quality is essential to To actually test water for specific harmful the health and well-being of all people. viruses, protozoa and bacteria is time Water is considered as potable when there consuming & expensive. Therefore water are no levels of chemicals (e.g. heavy quality control personnel usually analyze metals) or chemical substances that would water for the presence of coliform cause harm to human health and when bacteria, any of the types that live in the water does not have a bad taste or smell. colon or the intestines of humans and other The most serious water pollutants in terms animals (e.g. E. coli). Coliforms are used of human health worldwide are pathogenic as water quality indicators for 2 main organisms. Thus drinking water must be reasons: i) Coliforms may be associated free of these pathogens - viruses, protozoa with the sources of pathogens or bacteria. Acceptable water quality contaminating water and their presence in occurs when there are especially no drinking water may indicate a possible bacteria of faecal origin present that may presence of harmful, disease causing cause human diarrhoea and other life- organisms. ii) The analysis of drinking threatening diseases (e.g. typhoid fever). 24 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2013) 2(11): 24-29 water for coliforms is relatively simple, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and economical and efficient. Coliforms could anticarcinogenic activities. Yogis and be easily detected by its ability to ferment traditional households in India have for lactose to produce acid and gas within 48 thousands of years (and are till today) been hrs at 35-370C. utilizing a simple, practical and effective method of drinking water in its most In many parts of the developing world, holistic way- drinking water from a copper drinking water is collected from unsafe cup or a large copper vessel where water is surface sources outside the home and is stored. Silver vessels were also used to then held in household storage vessels. give water powerful antibacterial, Drinking water may be contaminated at antifungal and antiviral properties. For the source or during storage. However, centuries, storing water in brass vessels improving source water quality alone does has also been said to be good for health. It not always decrease disease incidence is believed that the zinc and copper present because drinking water also becomes in the brass boost immunity and protect contaminated after collection, either against illness. during transport or storage in the home. Therefore strategies to reduce waterborne Thus this project was taken with the disease transmission must safeguard objective to study the effect of storage of against both events. Key factors in the contaminated water in different metal provision of safe household water vessels like copper, silver, aluminium, (decreased microbial contamination) brass and stainless steel by comparing the include the conditions and practices of number of coliforms present in the water water collection and storage and the before and after storage. choice of water collection and storage containers or vessels. Improvements in Materials and Methods source water quality generally depend on expensive, long-term, centralized projects, A uniform water sample from the centre of such as construction of wells, water pond was collected under sterile treatment plants, and water distribution conditions in a pre sterilized conical flask systems. An inexpensive strategy is and brought to the lab immediately for storage in appropriate vessels to prevent testing. Different metal vessels - Copper, recontamination (safe storage) or reduce silver, brass, aluminium and stainless steel the number of pathogens. vessels were taken and rinsed with sterile water. Then 200ml of the collected water The ancient Egyptian, Indian and sample was transferred under aseptic Sumerian civilizations used copper, silver conditions into each vessel and stored for and gold for jewellery, cutlery and as 24hrs at room temperature. Water sample vessels to store and drink water. These was tested for the presence of coliforms materials were not used for aesthetics before and after storage in the metal alone; they have tremendous health and vessels by using multiple tube presumptive spiritual benefits for the human being. The test of coliform test (Salle,1974). Lactose Indian ayurveda describes storing water in broth of single strength and double a copper vessel overnight and drinking it strength were used for the test. The single in the mornings for many health benefits. strength lactose broth medium was Copper is known for its antimicrobial, prepared by dissolving 3 gms of beef 25 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2013) 2(11): 24-29 extract, 5 gms of Peptone, 5 gms of expected to be highly contaminated. In the Lactose dissolved in 1000 ml distilled present test, 5 tube MPN method was water and required volumes were used. dispensed into culture tubes containing an inverted Durham tube and sterilized in an Results and Discussion autoclave at 1150C for 10 minutes. The pond water was collected and stored In the multiple tube fermentation method, overnight at room temperature in vessels a series of tubes containing lactose broth made of copper, silver, brass, aluminium medium was inoculated with test portions and stainless steel. Water sample was of water sample. After a specified tested for the presence of coliforms before incubation time at a given temperature, and after storage in the metal vessels by each tube showing gas formation is using multiple tube presumptive test of regarded as presumptive positive since coliform test. The most probable no: of the gas indicates the possible presence of bacteria present were then estimated by coliforms. Three rows (F1, F2, F3) of 5 scoring the no: of positive tubes in each tubes each in a test tube rack were row and referring to the standard MPN arranged. The tubes in the first row (F1) table (Aneja, 2003). The results are contained 5ml of double strength lactose tabulated (Table 1,2,3,4,5,6). broth medium while the tubes in F2 &F3 rows contained 5ml of single strength The results showed that the no: of medium. 10ml of water sample was added coliforms reduced in water stored in all the to each of the 5 tubes in row F1, and 1ml metal vessels used. But there was a into each of the 5 tubes in row F2, and significant reduction in the no of coliforms 0.1ml into each of the 5 tubes in row F3. in water stored in brass and copper The tubes were gently shaken to mix the vessels. The no of coliforms have contents and then incubated at 370C for significantly reduced from >1800 to 43 in 24hrs and looked for growth and gas the water sample stored in brass vessel production. The tubes which showed gas while from >1800 to 75 in the water production as indicated by bubble sample stored in copper vessel. Brass is an formation in the inverted Durham s tube in alloy consisting mainly of copper (over the test tube were regarded as positive and 50%) and zinc, to which smaller amounts those without gas formation as negative. of other elements may be added. Thus it The most probable number (MPN) of can be inferred that copper metal is the bacteria present were then estimated from most effective metal in killing the the no: of tubes inoculated and the no: of coliforms. positive tubes obtained in the test using specially devised statistical tables. This Copper and its alloys (brasses, bronzes, technique is known as the MPN method. cupronickel, copper-nickel-zinc, and There are different MPN methods which others) are natural antimicrobial materials. can be employed for testing the coliforms Ancient civilizations exploited the in different samples. Usually 3 tube MPN antimicrobial properties of copper long is used for testing most foods, 5 tube MPN before the concept of microbes became for water, shellfish and shellfish harvest understood in the nineteenth century water testing and 10 tube MPN for testing (Dollwet et al., 1985). Ancient greeks bottled water or samples that are not 26 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2013) 2(11): 24-29 Table.1 Water sample without storage Vol. of water Row no 1 2 3 4 5 MPN sample F1 10ml + + + + + 5 F2 1ml + + + + + 5 F3 0.1ml + + + + + 5 + : Gas production ; - : No gas production No: of coliforms present /100ml = >1800 Table.2Water sample after storage in stainless steel vessel Vol.
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