Botallack & Truthwall Conservation Area Appraisal

DRAFT AUGUST 2009

Contents: Page

Conservation Area Map Summary of Special Interest 1

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Conservation Areas 2 1.2 Botallack & Truthwall's Conservation Area 2 1.3 Purpose & Scope of this Character Appraisal 2 1.4 Planning Policy Framework 3 1.5 World Heritage Site Inscription 3 1.6 Consultation & Adoption 4

2.0 LOCATION & LANDSCAPE SETTING

2.1 Location 5 2.2 Landscape Setting 5

3.0 HISTORY & DEVELOPMENT

3.1 The History of Botallack & Truthwall 7 3.2 Physical Development 11 Pre-Industrial/ Early Industrial 11 Industrial (1830-80; 1906-14) 11 Post Industrial 14 3.3 c1880 OS Map 3.4 c1907 OS Map

4.0 APPRAISAL OF SPECIAL INTEREST

4.1 Character Areas 17 Botallack 17 Truthwall 20 4.2 Surviving Historic Fabric 22 Pre-Industrial/ Early Industrial 22 Industrial 23 4.3 Architecture, Geology & Building Materials 24 4.4 Spaces, Views & Vistas 25

5.0 PRESERVATION AND ENHANCEMENT

5.1 Preservation 27

5.2 Design Guidance 28 5.3 Scheduled Monuments and Listed Buildings 28 5.4 The Protection of Other Buildings 29 5.5 Issues 30 5.5.1 Highway related issues 30 5.5.2 Boundary treatment and garden development 31 5.5.3 Outbuildings 33 5.5.4 Retaining references to former uses of land and buildings 34 5.5.5 Use of prevalent traditional & local building materials 35 5.5.6 Contribution of trees and other vegetation 38 5.5.7 Wirescape and other statutory installations and services 38 5.5.8 Extent of intrusion and damage 39 5.5.9 Archaeology 42 5.5.10 Climate change & historic conservation 43 5.5.11 Boundary alterations 43

Cornwall & Scilly

Shaft Historic Environment Record Well Kennall Building, Old County Hall, 106.2m Station Road, , , TR1 3AY tel: 01872 323603 fax: 01872 323811 ¯ email: [email protected] Botallack Manor 109.2m Shaft Title Shaft Shaft Botallack &

Shaft Cre 110.1m 111.9m swe 1 ll T 1 err Truthwall

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2 c

4 e 5

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2 Conservation Area 1

4 9 8 1 7

Mariners 1 4 9 Barn

2 1 3 Pencarne

Lan Herne 1 Key E 1 B u n n d g 111.8m 115.2m a lo Ppg Sta Blue w 6 Botallack 330

5 B 3 Seas

1 Moor 1 Botallack H Conservation Areas E 119.7m a N v A e L r i El Sub Sta Pras-Goth n TCB K g C 6 A 0 5 L T 3 L reg 3 A ea B

T 4 Listed Building O B Andes Hillside en The Pad w lo 124.0m 105.6m hy

5 Carrarrack C Shaft Farm

Parknoweth Significant Historic

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a 5 r 2 n r e Building t Botallack g l e w a s w i e Farm Parknoweth n n n Cottage e y FBaortmal lCacokttage Tip

(disused) Blackwell House The Fogou Tip (disused) LB NB - This map cannot Penolva Queen's Arms be used for the purposes (PH) New House Sea Breezes of identifying whether or not a building is listed,

Yew Tree as it is not a complete Cottage record. Buildings are White Lodge added or removed from Parknoweth Mine the list from time to time. (disused) Roscarnon Walls, outhouses and other structures in the Tremorran Pen-Tregrahan curtilage of a principal listed building are also Cornerside 107.8m covered by listing T r a c k designation, but are not shown here. Please consult 107.6m the Historic Environment

Shaft Service if you need to identify the listed status of a building or structure. Wheal Owles Count Ho use D

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C Dr R h ift ya y w n C oo or d ni Originator sh 1

Tip Wheal Owles (disused) Date (disused) Truthwall 112.2m 5 T rut r August 2009 C hwa ott ll r age e T l Caravan and Camping Site Highclere l 112.1m a w 1 h 2 t This map only shows the u 111.0m r T conservation area subject

k Trevaylor to this appraisal. In some c i Tip e s s g i l a t (disused) e t r o cases other conservation T C areas adjoin the boundary Shaft e s l u l a o e h w g so you should check with h m a t r t t T u a h r F o e T C M the Historic Environment H an 106.2m Bosenver ou o 1 se r Service if you need to know TR 4 UTH WA LL whether you are within a Truthwall Farm LA NE conservation area.

Tip (disused)

© This document is Copyright. It should not be relied on or 0 25 50 100 used in circumstances other than those for which it was originally prepared and for which Cornwall County Council metres was originally commissioned. Cornwall County Council Kenidjack Farm accepts no responsibility for this drawing to any other party T © Crown copyright. All rights reserved. 100049047, 2009. RU other than the person(s) by whom it was commissioned. TH WA LL LA NE

SUMMARY OF SPECIAL INTEREST

The mining areas around Botallack and Truthwall are some of the earliest, long lived and best known in Cornwall. The Conservation Area is centred around the settlement that grew up from small farming settlements to serve the mining industry in the 18th and 19th century. Here can be seen the effects on a pre-industrial topography and settlement pattern of almost the full range of recorded mining history, with at least three phases of growth discernible. The historic interrelationship of the two settlements with the surrounding landscape is still very much in evidence and an important aspect of the setting of the Conservation Area. The fossilised medieval field systems to the east of Truthwall are still in good condition while the pattern of old hedges and enclosure boundaries within Botallack link it directly with the wider landscape. Botallack Manor House and its associated buildings remains the most important complex of buildings in the Conservation Area and stands at the gateway from the village to the Botallack mines which underlay the wealth of the Manor and were the cause of growth of the village. The old pattern of Botallack, of cottages lining the lanes, and with open enclosures between is still clear. The centre of Botallack saw most of the 19th century alteration to the settlement, with rows inserted into older smallholding enclosures and the addition of a pub and chapel. The remains of Botallack Farm sits at the centre of this area comprising enclosures, barns and a pair of farm cottages. There are also a number of cottages, mostly to the west of the settlement, that seem to point to an early pattern of small individual smallholdings in irregular enclosures. The later mining related rows of cottages have typical garden and backyard patterns characteristic of the area. Historically buildings were constructed of granite under slate roofs. Several early properties have good large stone chimney stacks and linneys, while later properties have red brick stacks and a more uniform pattern of fenestration. Creswell Terrace sits slightly detached from the main settlement of Botallack. Its stone faced cottages set back behind generous garden plots are a significant element in the wider landscape. Truthwall is now a much smaller settlement than during the peak period of industrial activity. It has now reverted to the small farming hamlet it was prior to the industrial expansion in the 19th century. The industrial remains are fragmentary with limited impact on the Conservation Area. This settlement focuses on the two farms, both with probable 18th century farmhouses and series of outbuildings, now mostly converted. Truthwall has lost most of its buildings related to the mining industry but does retain a good typical 19th century mining terrace, an unusually late early 20th century terrace and two large houses distinct from the local vernacular built for mining gentry. Several phases of road improvements have changed the settlement development within the Conservation Area. The 19th century turnpiking of the road allowed for better access, the later bypassing of Botallack reduced through traffic and the realignment of the road in Truthwall created the main spatial and visual character of the green.

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