Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 0165-0521/02/3701-001$16.00 2002, Vol. 37, No. 2, pp. 169–174 © Swets & Zeitlinger

Bothriurus sp. nov., a New from ()

Camilo Iván Mattoni1

Faculty of Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences, National University of Córdoba, Argentina

Abstract picunche, a new species belonging to the vittatus received more support. Based on the morphology of the species-group, is described. It can be separated from other hemispermatophore, trichobothriotaxy and the structure of species in the group by the pigmentation patterns of the the caudal ventral keels, 11 ‘species groups’ have been recog- prosoma, mesosoma and ventral side of metasoma; and nised (Maury, 1980, 1981, 1982; Acosta & Maury, 1998; by small differences in the arrangement of the ventral Mattoni, in press). Although these groups do not currently keels and setae of caudal segment V. The species is distrib- have any nomenclatural value, they probably represent uted in the Chilean provinces of Chacabuco, Cardenal Caro, monophyletic units (Acosta & Peretti, 1998). Curicó, Talca and . Some zoogeographical aspects While revising the species of Bothriurus from Chile, I have are discussed. had the opportunity to study abundant material from that country. In this process, I have found a new species. This new form belongs to the vittatus species-group (Mattoni, Resumen in press), and shares with Bothriurus vittatus (Guérin Meneville, [1838]) and two unnamed species a similar hemis- Se describe Bothriurus picunche, nueva especie pertene- permatophore morphology with two conspicuous apophyses ciente al grupo vittatus. Esta forma se distingue de otras on the internal lobe, and a common general arrangement of especies en el grupo por los patrones de pigmentación del the caudal segment I ventral keels. The ventral keels of the prosoma, mesosoma y faz ventral del metasoma; y por caudal segment V have also the same general disposition in pequeñas diferencias en la disposición de las carenas ven- the group, but the species differ in the extension of the keels trales y quetas del segmento caudal V. La especie se dis- and in the number of intermediary granules. The number of tribuye en las provincias chilenas de Chacabuco, Cardenal pectinal teeth, often useful in the distinction of other scorpion Caro, Curicó, Talca y Cauquenes. Se discuten algunos aspec- species, does not have value at the moment for the recogni- tos zoogeográficos. tion of the species inside the vittatus group.

Keywords: Bothriurus picunche sp. nov., Scorpiones, Bothriuridae, Chile, Neotropics. Materials and methods Terminology for general morphology conforms to that of Introduction Stahnke (1970), except for terminology for metasomal and pedipalp carinae (Francke, 1977) and trichobothrial The genus Bothriurus has 33 nominal species placed into two nomenclature (Vachon, 1974). The nomenclature of the valid subgenera (Fet et al., 2000). The use of subgenera, hemispermatophore structures follows San Martín (1963). however, has been abandoned in the last 20 years due to the fact that they were based on arbitrary characters. At present, the recognition and use of ‘species-groups’ in the genus have 1 Becario de CONICET.

Received: 26 March 2001 Accepted: 6 March 2002 Correspondence: C.I. Mattoni, Cátedra de Diversidad I, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina. Fax: +54-0351-4332097; E-mail: [email protected] 170 C.I. Mattoni

Abbreviations and curators of studied collections:AMNH: Diagnosis and comparisons American Museum of Natural History, New York (N. Plat- The morphology of the hemispermatophore, in particular of nick), UCCC: Universidad de Concepción Colecciones Cien- l.i. with two apophyses on the external face, and the arrange- tíficas, Chile (V. Jerez, J. Artigas), MACN: Museo Argentino ment of the ventral keels of caudal segment I, clearly de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia,’ Buenos Aires indicate the inclusion of Bothriurus picunche sp. nov. in (M. Galiano, C. Scioscia), CDA: Cátedra de Diversidad the vittatus species-group (Mattoni, in press). Bothriurus Animal I, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, picunche appears more closely related to B. vittatus, but B. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina (L. Acosta). picunche has shorter ventral keels and fewer intermediate granules on caudal segment V than B. vittatus. On the ventral Abbreviations of descriptive terms aspect of caudal segment V, B. vittatus has an anterior pair of macrosetae; these setae are lacking in B. picunche. Finally, Keels of caudal segments: the pigmentation pattern of B. picunche clearly separates DL: Dorsal lateral both species: B. vittatus has the three bands on metasoma LSM: Lateral supramedian ventral surface fused in posterior of each segment; these LM: Lateral median bands are separated in segments I–IV in B. picunche. Addi- LI: Lateral inframedian tionally, in B. vittatus the tergites show a median area without VL: Ventral lateral pigment that form a clear band, which is absent in B. VSM: Ventral submedian picunche. The pigmentation patterns are also useful for the VM: Ventral median distinction of all the species in the group (two unnamed).

Hemispermatophore: L: Lamina Description c.d.: distal crest of lamina Total length in adults: 26.57–38.18mm in males, up to r.d.p.: posterodistal fold 38.05mm in females. Measurements of holotype and allo- l.i.: internal lobe of capsule type in Table 1. l.b.: basal lobe of capsule The general colour is reddish-hazel, with markings of dark l.e.: external lobe of capsule brown and black pigments. Yellow legs with diffuse markings on the prolateral side; pectines light yellow; dorsally spotted pedipalps and chela with diffuse dark markings. Pigmenta- Results tion of caparace (Fig. 2: 8): dark ocular prominence, with Bothriurus picunche sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 2) connecting pigment bands toward the lateral eyes; anterior edge of caparace yellowish with a small median spot of Type material pigment; posterior area with irregular pigmentation mostly Holotype and allotype (AMNH): Punta de Lobos, S of concentrated near the postero-lateral margins, that area with a small central median spot. Tergites (Fig. 2: 9) with central Pichilemu (34°26¢S, 72°03¢W), elev. 25ft., coastal cliffs, under rocks, Province Cardenal Caro, 17 January 1985 (N. dark spot connected by a band of dark pigment along the ante- Platnick & O. Francke); 1 paratype (MACN 9897), 1 rior edge to pairs of lateral blotches; paramedial posterior area paratype (CDA 000.066), 1 paratype (MACN 9898): of tergites without pigment. Sternites yellowish, I–IV imma- Cayurranquil, W of Cauquenes, Province of Cauquenes, culate, V with two posterolateral dark spots (Fig. 2: 10). Meta- 24–31 January 1981 (L. E. Peña); 1 paratype (UCCC soma dark, reticulate on posterior lateral surfaces of segments 25709), 1 juv. paratype (UCCC 25710), 1 paratype I–V; ventral surface (Fig. 2:10) with three bands of pigment, (CDA 000.067): Llico, Province Curicó, 16 March 1967 (T. one axial (weak or absent on segment I) and two para- Cekalovic). medians, that are separated in segments I–IV and fused in posterior fourth of segment V. Telson blackish, with bright bands: two thin and ventral, one lateral. Etymology Keels and granules are more developed in males (except for VL and VSM keels of caudal segment I). Tegument of The specific name is a noun in apposition, referring to a prosoma and tergites I–VI is finely granular; tergite VII with tribe from south-central Chile. four short keels in the posterior half, two lateral and two para- median. Sternites I–IV smooth, sternite V with four weak keels in distal fourth (especially weak in males). Caudal seg- Distribution ments I–IV: DL keels complete, with blunt granules, the pos- South-central Chile (Fig. 3): low altitude sectors of terior ones in each segment more highly developed; LSM Chacabuco, Cardenal Caro, Curicó, Talca and Cauquenes keels present only on distal third of segments; LI keels ves- Provinces. tigial on distal third of segments I–III, absent on IV; VL and Bothriurus picunche, a New Scorpion from Chile 171

Fig. 1. Bothriurus picunche sp. nov. 1–4: holotype (AMNH). (1) Caudal segment V and telson, lateral view; (2) caudal segment V, ventral view; (3) right pedipal chela, ventromedial view; (4) right pedipal chela, external view. 5–7: allotype (AMNH). (5) Caudal segment V and telson, lateral view; (6) right pedipalp chela, ventromedial view; (7) right pedipalp chela, external view.

VSM keels present only on segment I, irregular, vestigial keels weak with two posterior granules which are larger in (without granules) and with blunt granules in the area the distal portion of each keel (Fig. 1: 1, 5); LSM keel absent; between VSM keels, which are more noticeable in females, area between DL and VL keels with small granules in the pos- VSM bifurcates toward proximal end. Caudal segment V: DL terior third; VL, VSM and VM keels developed only in distal 172 C.I. Mattoni

Table 1. Measurements (mm) of the holotype and allotype (AMNH) of Bothriurus picunche sp. nov.

Holotype Allotype

Total length 38.18 38.05 Caparace length/anterior width 4.95/3.10 4.88/2.97 Mesosoma length 9.53 10.99 Metasoma length 23.70 22.18 Caudal segment I length/width 2.33/3.83 2.18/3.76 Caudal segment II length/width 2.77/3.56 2.77/3.50 Caudal segment III length/width 3.23/3.50 2.97/3.43 Caudal segment IV length/width 3.82/3.50 3.50/3.37 Caudal segment V length/width/height 5.08/3.43/2.84 4.49/3.30/2.83 Telson length/width/height 6.47/2.57/1.67 6.27/2.84/2.05 Aculeus length 1.91 1.91 Pedipalp length 15.11 14.06 Femur length/width 3.56/1.45 3.23/1.52 Patella length/width 3.82/1.65 3.63/1.45 Chela length/width/height 7.73/3.03/3.76 7.20/2.23/2.77 Movable finger length 4.09 4.16 Pectinal teeth 16/16 14/14

third of the segment (Fig. 1: 2); VSM keels oblique and in one broken): 14/12 (1), 14/14 (1), 15/14 (3), ? /15 (1), contact posteriorly with VL; VM keel bifurcated posteriorly 16/15 (1). and area between ventral keels with few small granules; ante- rior pair of ventromedial macrosetae absent. Telson of male elongated and low (Fig. 1: 1), ventral surface granular, dorsal Additional material examined surface with soft glandular depression; telson of female higher than that of male (Fig. 1: 5), with rounded ventral Chile. Provincia Chacabuco: Lampa, 10 Aug. 1980 (D. surface and without dorsal glandular depression. Chelicera Jackson), 1 juv. (AMNH). Provincia Curicó: Torca Lagoon, with two subdistal teeth. Pedipalp: femur three-keeled, dor- Llico, 10 Dec. 1977 (M. Rivero), 1 (AMNH). Provincia soexternal, dorsointernal and ventrointernal keels present in Talca: ‘Tonlemo, Talca,’ 14–21 Dec. 1984, 1 , 1 , 2 juvs. the proximal half with small blunt granules, internal face (AMNH); Putú Lake (N of Constitución), 1 Jan. 1981 (L. with scattered granules; patella two-keeled, dorsointernal and Peña), 2 juvs. (AMNH). ventrointernal keels feeble; chela of male very dilated, with a strong conical apophysis on prolateral side near movable finger (Fig. 1: 3, 4); chela of female less inflated, with small blunt granule in the position of the apophysis of the male Discussion (Fig. 1: 6, 7). Trichobothrial pattern type C, neobothriotaxic The vittatus group contains four species: B. vittatus, B. major, with the following segment totals: femur 3 (1 d; 1 i; picunche, and two unnamed forms. The group is restricted 1 e), patella 19 (2 d; 1 i; 13 e; 3 v) and chela 27 (17 manus to South-central Chile (‘Central Chilean province’ from -5 V-; 10 fixed finger); chela: Esb near to Eb1 and Eb2. Morrone, 1996); and as was also noticed in other species- Number of pectinal teeth: males 15–19, females 12–16 (see groups of Bothriurus (Acosta & Peretti, 1998), species show variability below). Hemispermatophore (Fig. 2: 11, 12): L allopatric distribution. slender, slightly S-curved, c.d. partitioned and straight; l.b. The vittatus group is probably related to the prospicuus laminar, bifid; l.i. with two apophyses on the external face group. Their species have a similar external morphology and (one superior, one inferior); l.e. with semilunar shelf; r.d.p. the small denticle of the l.i. of the hemispermatophore in the well developed. species of the prospicuus group might be homologous (but reduced) to the inferior apophysis seen in the vittatus group. Variability The prospicuus group has four allopatric species distributed in an arc between northwestern and central Argentina and Number of pectinal teeth. Frequences in (n = 7, Uruguay. All of these sectors are related with old mountains 14 pectines, left/right): 16/15 (1), 16/16 (1), 17/17 (1), 18/16 (Acosta & Peretti, 1998). This distributional pattern also (1), 17/18 (1), 19/17 (1), 19/18 (1); (n = 7, 13 pectines, occurs in other taxa (harvestmen, ferns, etc; Mattoni & Bothriurus picunche, a New Scorpion from Chile 173

Fig. 2. Bothriurus picunche sp. nov. (8) Pigmentation of allotype (AMNH), prosoma; (9) pigmentation of allotype (AMNH), tergite IV; (10) generalizated pigmentation pattern of sternite V and metasoma, ventral view, not to scale; (11) holotype, left hemispermatophore, external view; (12) holotype, left hemispermatophore, internal view.

Acosta, 1997), and was named ‘peripampasic track’ (Acosta, These patterns suggest that Bothriurus is probably older 1993). Some elements belonging to this track show an inter- than the Andean orogeny (late Miocene or early Pliocene). esting relationship with the Chilean biota because the latter This hypothesis could explain the fact that only the includes a species of Urophonius from the brachycentrus prospicuus type of hemispermatophore is present in Chile species-group (Scorpiones, Bothriuridae) (Acosta, 1998), (Acosta & Peretti, 1998; Mattoni & Acosta, unpublished), and three species of ferns (De La Sota, 1967). The distribu- perhaps representing the plesiomorphic status in the genus. tional patterns of freshwater Decapoda (Crustacea) show similar connections between areas on both sides of the Andes (Morrone & Lopretto, 1994). They argued for the possible Acknowledgments existence of an ancient tropical freshwater biota that in the past extended further south, and they suggested that it I am very grateful to the curators of the collections (listed became fragmented later by vicariant processes (Morrone & with acronyms of the Institutions) for the loan of Chilean Lopretto, 1994, 1995; Morrone, 1996). We would speculate materials. I also extend thanks to Luis Acosta, Alfredo that a tropical terrestrial fauna with a similar distribution – Peretti, Beatriz Rosso, Marcos Tatián, Lorenzo Prendini, and southern South America – probably experienced the same an anonymous reviewer for suggestions improving this paper. process. This study was partially supported through funds given to 174 C.I. Mattoni

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