DOCSLIB.ORG

Bothriurus Picunche Sp. Nov., a New Scorpion from Chile (Bothriuridae)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Bothriurus Picunche Sp. Nov., a New Scorpion from Chile (Bothriuridae) Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 0165-0521/02/3701-001$16.00 2002, Vol. 37, No. 2, pp. 169–174 © Swets & Zeitlinger Bothriurus picunche sp. nov., a New Scorpion from Chile (Bothriuridae) Camilo Iván Mattoni1 Faculty of Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences, National University of Córdoba, Argentina Abstract Bothriurus picunche, a new species belonging to the vittatus received more support. Based on the morphology of the species-group, is described. It can be separated from other hemispermatophore, trichobothriotaxy and the structure of species in the group by the pigmentation patterns of the the caudal ventral keels, 11 ‘species groups’ have been recog- prosoma, mesosoma and ventral side of metasoma; and nised (Maury, 1980, 1981, 1982; Acosta & Maury, 1998; by small differences in the arrangement of the ventral Mattoni, in press). Although these groups do not currently keels and setae of caudal segment V. The species is distrib- have any nomenclatural value, they probably represent uted in the Chilean provinces of Chacabuco, Cardenal Caro, monophyletic units (Acosta & Peretti, 1998). Curicó, Talca and Cauquenes. Some zoogeographical aspects While revising the species of Bothriurus from Chile, I have are discussed. had the opportunity to study abundant material from that country. In this process, I have found a new species. This new form belongs to the vittatus species-group (Mattoni, Resumen in press), and shares with Bothriurus vittatus (Guérin Meneville, [1838]) and two unnamed species a similar hemis- Se describe Bothriurus picunche, nueva especie pertene- permatophore morphology with two conspicuous apophyses ciente al grupo vittatus. Esta forma se distingue de otras on the internal lobe, and a common general arrangement of especies en el grupo por los patrones de pigmentación del the caudal segment I ventral keels. The ventral keels of the prosoma, mesosoma y faz ventral del metasoma; y por caudal segment V have also the same general disposition in pequeñas diferencias en la disposición de las carenas ven- the group, but the species differ in the extension of the keels trales y quetas del segmento caudal V. La especie se dis- and in the number of intermediary granules. The number of tribuye en las provincias chilenas de Chacabuco, Cardenal pectinal teeth, often useful in the distinction of other scorpion Caro, Curicó, Talca y Cauquenes. Se discuten algunos aspec- species, does not have value at the moment for the recogni- tos zoogeográficos. tion of the species inside the vittatus group. Keywords: Bothriurus picunche sp. nov., Scorpiones, Bothriuridae, Chile, Neotropics. Materials and methods Terminology for general morphology conforms to that of Introduction Stahnke (1970), except for terminology for metasomal and pedipalp carinae (Francke, 1977) and trichobothrial The genus Bothriurus has 33 nominal species placed into two nomenclature (Vachon, 1974). The nomenclature of the valid subgenera (Fet et al., 2000). The use of subgenera, hemispermatophore structures follows San Martín (1963). however, has been abandoned in the last 20 years due to the fact that they were based on arbitrary characters. At present, the recognition and use of ‘species-groups’ in the genus have 1 Becario de CONICET. Received: 26 March 2001 Accepted: 6 March 2002 Correspondence: C.I. Mattoni, Cátedra de Diversidad Animal I, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina. Fax: +54-0351-4332097; E-mail: [email protected] 170 C.I. Mattoni Abbreviations and curators of studied collections:AMNH: Diagnosis and comparisons American Museum of Natural History, New York (N. Plat- The morphology of the hemispermatophore, in particular of nick), UCCC: Universidad de Concepción Colecciones Cien- l.i. with two apophyses on the external face, and the arrange- tíficas, Chile (V. Jerez, J. Artigas), MACN: Museo Argentino ment of the ventral keels of caudal segment I, clearly de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia,’ Buenos Aires indicate the inclusion of Bothriurus picunche sp. nov. in (M. Galiano, C. Scioscia), CDA: Cátedra de Diversidad the vittatus species-group (Mattoni, in press). Bothriurus Animal I, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, picunche appears more closely related to B. vittatus, but B. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina (L. Acosta). picunche has shorter ventral keels and fewer intermediate granules on caudal segment V than B. vittatus. On the ventral Abbreviations of descriptive terms aspect of caudal segment V, B. vittatus has an anterior pair of macrosetae; these setae are lacking in B. picunche. Finally, Keels of caudal segments: the pigmentation pattern of B. picunche clearly separates DL: Dorsal lateral both species: B. vittatus has the three bands on metasoma LSM: Lateral supramedian ventral surface fused in posterior of each segment; these LM: Lateral median bands are separated in segments I–IV in B. picunche. Addi- LI: Lateral inframedian tionally, in B. vittatus the tergites show a median area without VL: Ventral lateral pigment that form a clear band, which is absent in B. VSM: Ventral submedian picunche. The pigmentation patterns are also useful for the VM: Ventral median distinction of all the species in the group (two unnamed). Hemispermatophore: L: Lamina Description c.d.: distal crest of lamina Total length in adults: 26.57–38.18mm in males, up to r.d.p.: posterodistal fold 38.05mm in females. Measurements of holotype and allo- l.i.: internal lobe of capsule type in Table 1. l.b.: basal lobe of capsule The general colour is reddish-hazel, with markings of dark l.e.: external lobe of capsule brown and black pigments. Yellow legs with diffuse markings on the prolateral side; pectines light yellow; dorsally spotted pedipalps and chela with diffuse dark markings. Pigmenta- Results tion of caparace (Fig. 2: 8): dark ocular prominence, with Bothriurus picunche sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 2) connecting pigment bands toward the lateral eyes; anterior edge of caparace yellowish with a small median spot of Type material pigment; posterior area with irregular pigmentation mostly Holotype Η and allotype Ǩ (AMNH): Punta de Lobos, S of concentrated near the postero-lateral margins, that area with a small central median spot. Tergites (Fig. 2: 9) with central Pichilemu (34°26¢S, 72°03¢W), elev. 25ft., coastal cliffs, under rocks, Province Cardenal Caro, 17 January 1985 (N. dark spot connected by a band of dark pigment along the ante- Platnick & O. Francke); 1 Η paratype (MACN 9897), 1 Η rior edge to pairs of lateral blotches; paramedial posterior area paratype (CDA 000.066), 1 Ǩ paratype (MACN 9898): of tergites without pigment. Sternites yellowish, I–IV imma- Cayurranquil, W of Cauquenes, Province of Cauquenes, culate, V with two posterolateral dark spots (Fig. 2: 10). Meta- 24–31 January 1981 (L. E. Peña); 1 Η paratype (UCCC soma dark, reticulate on posterior lateral surfaces of segments 25709), 1 juv. paratype (UCCC 25710), 1 Ǩ paratype I–V; ventral surface (Fig. 2:10) with three bands of pigment, (CDA 000.067): Llico, Province Curicó, 16 March 1967 (T. one axial (weak or absent on segment I) and two para- Cekalovic). medians, that are separated in segments I–IV and fused in posterior fourth of segment V. Telson blackish, with bright bands: two thin and ventral, one lateral. Etymology Keels and granules are more developed in males (except for VL and VSM keels of caudal segment I). Tegument of The specific name is a noun in apposition, referring to a prosoma and tergites I–VI is finely granular; tergite VII with Mapuche tribe from south-central Chile. four short keels in the posterior half, two lateral and two para- median. Sternites I–IV smooth, sternite V with four weak keels in distal fourth (especially weak in males). Caudal seg- Distribution ments I–IV: DL keels complete, with blunt granules, the pos- South-central Chile (Fig. 3): low altitude sectors of terior ones in each segment more highly developed; LSM Chacabuco, Cardenal Caro, Curicó, Talca and Cauquenes keels present only on distal third of segments; LI keels ves- Provinces. tigial on distal third of segments I–III, absent on IV; VL and Bothriurus picunche, a New Scorpion from Chile 171 Fig. 1. Bothriurus picunche sp. nov. 1–4: Η holotype (AMNH). (1) Caudal segment V and telson, lateral view; (2) caudal segment V, ventral view; (3) right pedipal chela, ventromedial view; (4) right pedipal chela, external view. 5–7: Ǩ allotype (AMNH). (5) Caudal segment V and telson, lateral view; (6) right pedipalp chela, ventromedial view; (7) right pedipalp chela, external view. VSM keels present only on segment I, irregular, vestigial keels weak with two posterior granules which are larger in (without granules) and with blunt granules in the area the distal portion of each keel (Fig. 1: 1, 5); LSM keel absent; between VSM keels, which are more noticeable in females, area between DL and VL keels with small granules in the pos- VSM bifurcates toward proximal end. Caudal segment V: DL terior third; VL, VSM and VM keels developed only in distal 172 C.I. Mattoni Table 1. Measurements (mm) of the Η holotype and Ǩ allotype (AMNH) of Bothriurus picunche sp. nov. Holotype Η Allotype Ǩ Total length 38.18 38.05 Caparace length/anterior width 4.95/3.10 4.88/2.97 Mesosoma length 9.53 10.99 Metasoma length 23.70 22.18 Caudal segment I length/width 2.33/3.83 2.18/3.76 Caudal segment II length/width 2.77/3.56 2.77/3.50 Caudal segment III length/width 3.23/3.50 2.97/3.43 Caudal segment IV length/width 3.82/3.50 3.50/3.37 Caudal segment V length/width/height 5.08/3.43/2.84 4.49/3.30/2.83 Telson length/width/height 6.47/2.57/1.67 6.27/2.84/2.05 Aculeus length 1.91 1.91 Pedipalp length 15.11 14.06 Femur length/width 3.56/1.45 3.23/1.52 Patella length/width 3.82/1.65 3.63/1.45 Chela length/width/height 7.73/3.03/3.76 7.20/2.23/2.77 Movable finger length 4.09 4.16 Pectinal teeth 16/16 14/14 third of the segment (Fig.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Scorpiones; Bothriuridae) with the First Record from Argentina
    Rev. Mus. Argentino Cienc. Nat., n.s. 15(1): 113-120, 2013 ISSN 1514-5158 (impresa) ISSN 1853-0400 (en línea) New distributional data on the genus Phoniocercus Pocock, 1893 (Scorpiones; Bothriuridae) with the first record from Argentina Andrés A. OJANGUREN-AFFILASTRO 1, Jaime PIZARRO-ARAYA 2 & Richard D. SAGE 3 1 Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, División Aracnología, Av. Ángel Gallardo 470, 1405DJR Buenos Aires, Argentina. [email protected] 2 Laboratorio de Entomología Ecológica, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Serena, Casilla 599, La Serena, Chile. [email protected] 3 Sociedad Naturalista Andino Patagónica (SNAP), Paso Juramento 190, 3° piso, 8400 Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina. [email protected] Abstract: Scorpion genus Phoniocercus Pocock, 1893 (Bothriuridae) is endemic to the cold humid forests of the southwestern part of South America. Up to now the known distribution of the genus was restricted to the Valdivian forests of southern Chile. In this contribution we present the first record from Argentina and the first records from central Chile. New data about their ecology and systematics are also presented. Key words: Scorpiones, Phoniocercus, distribution, Chile, Argentina, new records. Resumen: Nuevos datos de distribución del género Phoniocercus Pocock, 1893 (Scorpiones; Bothriurdae) con el primer registro para Argentina. El género de escorpiones Phoniocercus Pocock, 1893 (Bothriuridae) es endémico de los bosques húmedos y fríos del sudoeste de América del Sur. Hasta ahora la dis- tribución conocida del mismo se encontraba restringida a los bosques Valdivianos del sur de Chile. En esta con- tribución presentamos el primer registro de la Argentina y los primeros registros del centro de Chile.
    [Show full text]
  • Scorpion Diversity in Two Types of Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest in the Semi-Arid Region of Northeastern Brazil
    Scorpion diversity in two types of seasonally dry tropical forest in the semi-arid region of Northeastern Brazil Carmo, R.F.R. et al. Biota Neotrop. 2013, 13(2): 340-344. On line version of this paper is available from: http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v13n2/en/abstract?short-commnication+bn03113022013 A versão on-line completa deste artigo está disponível em: http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v13n2/pt/abstract?short-commnication+bn03113022013 Received/ Recebido em - 01/29/13 Revised/ Versão reformulada recebida em 05/25/13 - Accepted/ Publicado em 06/07/13 ISSN 1676-0603 (on-line) Biota Neotropica is an electronic, peer-reviewed journal edited by the Program BIOTA/FAPESP: The Virtual Institute of Biodiversity. This journal’s aim is to disseminate the results of original research work, associated or not to the program, concerned with characterization, conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity within the Neotropical region. Biota Neotropica é uma revista do Programa BIOTA/FAPESP - O Instituto Virtual da Biodiversidade, que publica resultados de pesquisa original, vinculada ou não ao programa, que abordem a temática caracterização, conservação e uso sustentável da biodiversidade na região Neotropical. Biota Neotropica is an eletronic journal which is available free at the following site http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br A Biota Neotropica é uma revista eletrônica e está integral e gratuitamente disponível no endereço http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br Biota Neotrop., vol. 13, no. 2 Scorpion diversity in two types of seasonally dry tropical forest in the semi-arid region of Northeastern Brazil Rodrigo Felipe Rodrigues Carmo1, Heyde Polyana Amorim1 & Simão Dias Vasconcelos1,2 1Department of Zoology, Federal University of Pernambuco – UFPE, Av.
    [Show full text]
  • Scorpiones: Bothriuridae) Phylogeny, Andean Biogeography, and the Relative Importance of Genitalic and Somatic Characters
    Orobothriurus (Scorpiones: Bothriuridae) phylogeny, Andean biogeography, and the relative importance of genitalic and somatic characters CAMILO I. MATTONI,JOSE´ A. OCHOA,ANDRE´ S A. OJANGUREN AFFILASTRO &LORENZO PRENDINI Submitted: 23 August 2011 Mattoni, C.I., Ochoa, J.A., Ojanguren Affilastro, A.A. & Prendini, L. (2012). Orobothriurus Accepted: 30 November 2011 (Scorpiones: Bothriuridae) phylogeny, Andean biogeography, and the relative importance doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2011.00508.x of genitalic and somatic characters. —Zoologica Scripta, 41, 160–176. The genus Orobothriurus Maury, 1976 (Bothriuridae Simon, 1880) displays an Andean pat- tern of distribution, most of its species occurring at high altitudes (over 2000–2500 m to a maximum altitude record of 4910 m) from central Peru to Argentina. The recent discovery of several new species and the uncertain phylogenetic position of Orobothriurus lourencoi Ojanguren Affilastro, 2003, required a reanalysis of Orobothriurus phylogeny. Thirty bo- thriurid taxa, including all species of Orobothriurus and Pachakutej Ochoa, 2004, were scored for 65 morphological characters and analysed with parsimony under equal and implied weighting. The resulting topology justifies the establishment of a new genus, Rumikiru Ojanguren Affilastro et al., in press, for O. lourencoi and a closely related, new species, Rumikiru atacama Ojanguren Affilastro et al., in press. It also offers new insights about the phylogeny and biogeography of Orobothriurus and related genera. Characters from the male genitalia (i.e. hemispermatophore), comprising approximately 26% of the morphological matrix, were found to be less homoplastic than those from somatic morphology, contradicting suggestions that genitalia are uninformative or potentially mis- leading in phylogenetic studies. Corresponding author: Camilo I.
    [Show full text]
  • Permanent War on Peru's Periphery: Frontier Identity
    id2653500 pdfMachine by Broadgun Software - a great PDF writer! - a great PDF creator! - http://www.pdfmachine.com http://www.broadgun.com ’S PERIPHERY: FRONT PERMANENT WAR ON PERU IER IDENTITY AND THE POLITICS OF CONFLICT IN 17TH CENTURY CHILE. By Eugene Clark Berger Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Vanderbilt University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in History August, 2006 Nashville, Tennessee Approved: Date: Jane Landers August, 2006 Marshall Eakin August, 2006 Daniel Usner August, 2006 íos Eddie Wright-R August, 2006 áuregui Carlos J August, 2006 id2725625 pdfMachine by Broadgun Software - a great PDF writer! - a great PDF creator! - http://www.pdfmachine.com http://www.broadgun.com HISTORY ’ PERMANENT WAR ON PERU S PERIPHERY: FRONTIER IDENTITY AND THE POLITICS OF CONFLICT IN 17TH-CENTURY CHILE EUGENE CLARK BERGER Dissertation under the direction of Professor Jane Landers This dissertation argues that rather than making a concerted effort to stabilize the Spanish-indigenous frontier in the south of the colony, colonists and indigenous residents of 17th century Chile purposefully perpetuated the conflict to benefit personally from the spoils of war and use to their advantage the resources sent by viceregal authorities to fight it. Using original documents I gathered in research trips to Chile and Spain, I am able to reconstruct the debates that went on both sides of the Atlantic over funds, protection from ’ th pirates, and indigenous slavery that so defined Chile s formative 17 century. While my conclusions are unique, frontier residents from Paraguay to northern New Spain were also dealing with volatile indigenous alliances, threats from European enemies, and questions about how their tiny settlements could get and keep the attention of the crown.
    [Show full text]
  • Lautaro Aprendid Tdcticas Guerreras Cziado, Hecho Prisiouero, Fue Cnballerixo De Don Pedro De Valdivia
    ISIDORA AGUIRRE (Epopeya del pueblo mapuche) EDITORIAL NASCIMENTO SANTIAGO 1982 CHILE A mi liermano Fernundo Aprendemos en 10s textos de historin que 10s a+.aucauos’ -ellos prelieren llamnrse “mapuches”, gente de la tierra- emu by’icosos y valzentes, que rnantuvieron en laque a 10s espagoks en una guerrn que durd tres siglos, qzie de nigh modo no fueron vencidos. Pero lo que machos tgnoran es qzic adrt siguen luckando. Por !a tierra en comunidad, por un modo de vida, por comervur su leizgua, sus cantos, sa cultura y sus tradiciones como algo VIVO y cotediano. Ellos lo resumen el?’ pocas palabras: ‘(Iuchamos por conservar nuez- tra identidad, por integrarnos a in sociedad chilena mnyorita- ria sin ser absorbidos por e1Ja”. Sabemos cdmo murid el to- pi Caupolica‘n, cdmo Lautaro aprendid tdcticas guerreras cziado, hecho prisiouero, fue cnballerixo de don Pedro de Valdivia. Sabemos, en suma, que no fueron vencidos, pero iporamos el “cdlno” y el “por que”‘. Nay nurneroros estudios antropoldgicos sobre 10s map- rhes pero se ha hecho de ellos muy poca difusidn. Y menos conocemos aun su vida de hoy, la de esu minoria de un me- dio rnilldiz de gentes que viven en sus “reducidus” redwcio- nes del Sur. Sabemos que hay machis, que kacen “nguillatu- 7 nes”, que hay festivales folcldricos, y en los mercados y en los museos podemos ver su artesania. Despuh de la mal llamada “Pacificacidn de la Arauca- nia” de fines del siglo pasado -por aquello de que la fami- lia crece y la tierra no-, son muchos los hz’jos que emigran a las ciudades; 10s nifios se ven hoscos y algo confundidos en las escuelas rurales, porque los otros se burlan de su mal castellano; sin embargo son nifios de mente cigil que a los seis afios hablan dos lenguas, que llevan una doble vida, por miedo a la discriminacidn, la de la ruca.
    [Show full text]
  • Universidade Federal Rural De Pernambuco Unidade Acadêmica De Serra Talhada Bacharelado Em Ciências Biológicas
    UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL RURAL DE PERNAMBUCO UNIDADE ACADÊMICA DE SERRA TALHADA BACHARELADO EM CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS ANA MARIA TAVARES DE BARROS USO DE MICROHABITAT E ATIVIDADE DE FORRAGEIO DE ESCORPIÕES DA CAATINGA, EM FUNÇÃO DA LUMINOSIDADE LUNAR SERRA TALHADA 2018 ANA MARIA TAVARES DE BARROS USO DE MICROHABITAT E ATIVIDADE DE FORRAGEIO DE ESCORPIÕES DA CAATINGA, EM FUNÇÃO DA LUMINOSIDADE LUNAR Monografia apresentada ao curso de Bacharelado em Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco – Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada, como requisito obrigatório para a obtenção do grau de Bacharel em Ciências Biológicas. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Cauê Guion de Almeida SERRA TALHADA 2018 Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação (CIP) Sistema Integrado de Bibliotecas da UFRPE Biblioteca da UAST, Serra Talhada – PE, Brasil. B277u Barros, Ana Maria Tavares de Uso de microhabitat e atividade de forrageio de escorpiões da Caatinga, em função da luminosidade lunar / Ana Maria Tavares de Barros. – Serra Talhada, 2018. 37 f.: il. Orientador: Cauê Guion de Almeida Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação em Bacharelado em Ciências Biológicas) – Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco. Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada, 2018. Inclui referência. 1. Artrópodes. 2. Comportamento. 3. Semiárido. I. Almeida, Cauê Guion de, orientador. II. Título. CDD 574 ANA MARIA TAVARES DE BARROS USO DE MICROHABITAT E ATIVIDADE DE FORRAGEIO DE ESCORPIÕES DA CAATINGA, EM FUNÇÃO DA LUMINOSIDADE LUNAR Monografia apresentada ao curso de Bacharelado em Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco – Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada, como requisito obrigatório para a obtenção do grau de Bacharel em Ciências Biológicas. Aprovada em: 27/08/2018 BANCA EXAMINADORA Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeography and Population Structure of Two Brachistosternus Species (Scorpiones: Bothriuridae) from the Chilean Coastal Desert – the Perils of Coastal Living
    Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2016, , – . With 1 figure. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2017, 120 , 75–89. With 1 figures Phylogeography and population structure of two Brachistosternus species (Scorpiones: Bothriuridae) from the Chilean coastal desert – the perils of coastal living F. SARA CECCARELLI1*, JAIME PIZARRO-ARAYA2 and ANDRES A. OJANGUREN- AFFILASTRO1 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article/120/1/75/2864989 by guest on 29 September 2021 1Division de Aracnologıa, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, Av. Angel Gallardo 470, C1405DJR, Buenos Aires, Argentina 2Laboratorio de Entomologıa Ecologica, Departamento de Biologıa, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Serena, Casilla 599, La Serena, Chile Received 2 May 2016; revised 22 June 2016; accepted for publication 22 June 2016 Coastal deserts are geologically dynamic areas of the Earth, affected by historical changes in sea levels and in some cases also by fault-line tectonic activity. An example of such a dynamic area is the Chilean coastal desert of the Antofagasta and Atacama regions, which harbours many endemic species, such as the bothriurid scorpion species Brachistosternus paposo and Brachistosternus roigalsinai. In this work, we carry out phylogeographic and population genetic analyses on these scorpions, using two mitochondrial (COI and cyt b) and two nuclear (Actin 5C and wingless) markers to identify species and population structuring, and link these findings to the geological history of the area. The geographical feature separating the two species is identified as the Huasco River, and distinguishing morphological features for these scorpions are presented. Population genetic and phylogeographic outcomes reflect an unstable history across this region for B.
    [Show full text]
  • Lonkos, Curakas and Zupais the Collapse and Re-Making of Tribal Society in Central Chile, 1536-1560
    UNIVERSITY OF LONDON 29 INSTITUTE OF LATIN AMERICAN STUDIES RESEARCH PAPERS Lonkos, Curakas and Zupais The Collapse and Re-Making of Tribal Society in Central Chile, 1536-1560 Leonardo Leon Lonkos, Curakas and Zupais The Collapse and Re-Making of Tribal Society in Central Chile, 1536-1560 Leonardo Leon Institute of Latin American Studies 31 Tavistock Square, London WC1H 9HA British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0 901145 78 5 ISSN 0957-7947 © Institute of Latin American Studies University of London, 1992 CONTENTS Introduction 1 The War of the Pukaraes 3 The Economic War 10 The Flight of the Warriors 13 The Demographic Collapse 17 The Policy of Abuse and Theft 20 The Re-Making of Tribal Society 25 The End of an Era 39 Appendices I Encomiendas of Central Chile 43 II Caciques and Indian Villages in Central Chile 44 Glossary 46 Notes 48 Leonardo Leon is Lecturer in Colonial History at the University of Valparaiso, Chile. He was Research Assistant and later Honorary Research Fellow at the Institute of Latin American Studies, from 1983 to 1991. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This paper is the result of research begun in Chile in 1973 and then continued in London and Seville while I was a Research Assistant at the Institute of Latin American Studies of the University of London. I am grateful to Professor John Lynch for his support, friendship and very useful suggestions. I am also grateful to Ruben Stehberg, who introduced me to the subject, Rafael Varon and Jorge Hidalgo for their comments to earlier drafts, and to Andrew Barnard, Patrick Towe (OBI) and Sister Helena Brennan for their help with the English translation and to Tony Bell and Alison Loader for their work in preparing the text.
    [Show full text]
  • Texto Completo
    153-171 RASGOS PROMINENTES DE LA FONOLOGÍA SEGMENTAL DEL CHEDUNGUN HABLADO POR ESCOLARES DEL ALTO BÍO-BÍO1 Prominent Features Of Chedungun’ Segmental Phonology Spoken By Alto Bío- Bío Students Marisol Henríquez* Gastón Salamanca** Resumen En este artículo se presenta una descripción del sistema fonológico del mapudungun hablado por escolares pehuenches de la VIII Región del Bío-Bío. Este sistema fonológico se compara con el que se presenta en las descripciones fonemáticas existentes del mapudungun en general y de la variante pehuenche en particular. Los colaboradores corresponden a un grupo de 20 escolares de entre 12 y 15 años que cursan 7° y 8° año básico en escuelas rurales adscritas al Programa de Educación Intercultural Bilingüe (PEIB) de la comuna de Alto Bío-Bío. Para la recolección del material fonético-fonológico, se elicitó una lista léxica de 64 ítemes y se solicitó a los niños relatar en mapudungun un cuento mapuche. El marco de referencia escogido para el análisis de los datos fue el método descriptivista norteamericano. Esta presentación finaliza con el resumen de los aspectos prominentes de la fonología descrita, una evaluación de los instrumentos utilizados y dos proyecciones a partir de la investigación realizada. Palabras clave: Lengua mapuche, dialecto pehuenche, fonología, bilingüismo. Abstract This paper presents a description of the Mapudungun‟s phonological system spoken by Pehuenche students from the 8th Bío-Bío region. This phonological system is compared to the one that is present in the phonemic descriptions that exist in Mapudungun in general and in the Pehuenche variant in particular. The participants correspond to a group of 20 seventh and eighth graders whose age ranges between 12 and 15, from rural schools that are part of the Programa de Educación Intercultural Bilingüe (PEIB) in Alto Bío-Bío.
    [Show full text]
  • Territorio, Identidad Y Conflicto: La Lucha Por La Tierra En La Araucanía Chilena Jorge Chauca García
    Territorio, identidad y conflicto: la lucha por la tierra en la Araucanía chilena Jorge Chauca García To cite this version: Jorge Chauca García. Territorio, identidad y conflicto: la lucha por la tierra en la Araucanía chilena. Encuentro de Latinoamericanistas Españoles (12. 2006. Santander): Viejas y nuevas alianzas entre América Latina y España, 2006, s.l., España. pp.1363-1376. halshs-00104263 HAL Id: halshs-00104263 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00104263 Submitted on 6 Oct 2006 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. TERRITORIO, IDENTIDAD Y CONFLICTO: LA LUCHA POR LA TIERRA EN LA ARAUCANÍA CHILENA Jorge CHAUCA GARCÍA Universidad de Málaga [email protected] RESUMEN: La presencia actual del indigenismo como fuerza política con una base étnico-social que ha superado el marco cultural es una realidad innegable y emergente en el panorama iberoamericano. Las relaciones entre indígenas y españoles experimentaron una evolución del choque inicial, pasando por la decidida integración como política oficial de la Corona española, a las alianzas. Con la contemporaneidad, el proceso de conocimiento mutuo ha llegado al reconocimiento del indígena como sujeto activo de las sociedades americanas.
    [Show full text]
  • Beta-Diversity in Brazilian Montane Forests
    Canadian Journal of Zoology Macroecological approach for scorpions (Arachnida, Scorpiones): beta-diversity in Brazilian montane forests Journal: Canadian Journal of Zoology Manuscript ID cjz-2019-0008.R2 Manuscript Type: Article Date Submitted by the 09-Apr-2019 Author: Complete List of Authors: Foerster, Stênio; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Departamento de Genética DeSouza, Adriano; Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Lira, André; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Programa de Pós- GraduaçãoDraft em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia. Rua Professor Moraes Rego, S/N, Cidade Universitária, Cep 50670-420. Is your manuscript invited for consideration in a Special Not applicable (regular submission) Issue?: Macroecology, Caatinga, Brejos de altitude, Scorpions, BIOGEOGRAPHY Keyword: < Discipline, ECOLOGY < Discipline, Scorpiones https://mc06.manuscriptcentral.com/cjz-pubs Page 1 of 37 Canadian Journal of Zoology Macroecological approach for scorpions (Arachnida, Scorpiones): beta-diversity in Brazilian montane forests S.I.A. Foerster1*, A.M. DeSouza2, A.F.A Lira3 1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida da Engenharia, s/n, Cidade Universitária, CEP 50740- 580, Recife, Brazil. [email protected] 2Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da DraftParaíba, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, Paraíba, CEP 58051-900, Brazil. [email protected] 3Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Rua Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Brazil, CEP 50670-420. [email protected] *Author for correspondence: [email protected] 1 https://mc06.manuscriptcentral.com/cjz-pubs Canadian Journal of Zoology Page 2 of 37 Macroecological approach for scorpions (Arachnida, Scorpiones): beta-diversity in Brazilian montane forests S.I.A.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ruka Mapuche: Clues for a Sustainable Architecture in Southern Chile?
    The Ruka Mapuche: clues for a sustainable architecture in southern Chile? Christopher J. Whitman Laboratorio de Bioclimática, FAUP, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile Gabriela Armijo P. Laboratorio de Bioclimática, FAUP, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile Neil J. Turnbull Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile ABSTRACT: Due to its adaption to climate and the use of local materials, indigenous architecture can pro- vide clues of how to improve the sustainability of contemporary architecture. In Chile the most well known surviving indigenous architecture is the Mapuche ruka. For centuries the ruka has formed an important part of the cultural identity of the Mapuche people. However there exists little relationship between the ruka and con- temporary construction. Research by the authors has shown that the ruka’s internal environmental comfort is compromised by the use of open hearths for space heating with no chimney. However the materials used in their construction are 100% natural, locally sourced and biodegradable. This paper presents examples of con- temporary architecture inspired by rukas and questions how the use of local materials and the concept of tem- porality, fundamental to the Mapuche world vision, might provide valuable clues for a new sustainable archi- tecture for rural southern central Chile. 1 INTRODUCTION fore necessary to obtain empirical measurements of its performance in use to allow the application of its 1.1 Vernacular and Indigenous Architecture advantages and the avoidance of its drawbacks. The study of vernacular and indigenous architecture has changed over the centuries. In 19th century Europe vernacular architecture was studied in the 1.2 Indigenous architecture in Chile.
    [Show full text]