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(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2011/0275579 A1 Larsen Et Al US 20110275579A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2011/0275579 A1 Larsen et al. (43) Pub. Date: Nov. 10, 2011 (54) ANT-DABETC EXTRACT OF ROOBOS Publication Classification (51) Int. Cl. (75) Inventors: Peter Mose Larsen, Odense S A63L/7048 (2006.01) (DK); Stephen John Fey, A63L/7028 (2006.01) Blommenslyst (DK); Johan Louw, A6IP3/10 (2006.01) Tygerberg (ZA); Lizette Joubert, C7H I/00 (2006.01) Pretoria (ZA) (52) U.S. Cl. ............................. 514/27:536/1.11: 514/23 (73) Assignee: Zadec ApS, Hellerup (DK) (57) ABSTRACT (21) Appl. No.: 12/531,035 Novel and useful compositions derived from rooibos for treating diabetes are provided. The present invention is par (22) PCT Fled: Mar. 11, 2008 ticularly concerned with the treatment of Type 2 diabetes. The invention provides a new use for aspalathin and rutin and compositions containing them for use in the prevention and (86) PCT NO.: PCT/EP08/52861 treatment of diabetes. The invention provides an antidiabetic agent, an anti-diabetic composition containing the anti-dia S371 (c)(1), betic agent, a foodstuff or beverage containing the anti-dia (2), (4) Date: Jan. 15, 2010 betic agent, a method for preventing or treating diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance, and a method of decreasing blood Related U.S. Application Data glucose level. The anti-diabetic agent may be an extract from (60) Provisional application No. 60/894,258, filed on Mar. rooibos (Aspalathus spp.), aspalathin as such or in combina 12, 2007. tion with rutin. Patent Application Publication Nov. 10, 2011 Sheet 1 of 15 US 2011/0275579 A1 FIGURE 1 A 900 pour 800 - 700 - 600 - 500 – 4OO - 3OO - 2OO - 1OO - O - r r r r O 2 4. 6 8 1 O 12 14 16 18 Time (min) 5 O O - 450 - 2334 5O5O OOOO ---- 2OO - 150 - 1 OO - 50 - O 2 4 6 8 O 12 14 16 18 Time (min) Patent Application Publication Nov. 10, 2011 Sheet 2 of 15 US 2011/0275579 A1 FIGURE 2 A 250 2OO - 1 5 O 50 - O O 2 4. 6 8 1 O 12 14 16 18 Time (min) 4 O 120 - 4 O 2O - O O 2 4. 6 8 1 O 12 14 16 18 Time (min) Patent Application Publication Nov. 10, 2011 Sheet 3 of 15 US 2011/0275579 A1 FIGURE 3 Control group: Blood glucose values -0 "Monkey # 88 HMonkey # 1082 Patent Application Publication Nov. 10, 2011 Sheet 4 of 15 US 2011/0275579 A1 FIGURE 4 % Reduction in plasma glucose over a 6 hour period compared with baseline value (average data) Hours Patent Application Publication Nov. 10, 2011 Sheet 5 of 15 US 2011/0275579 A1 FIGURE 5 1.0 mg/kg GMP ARC61: Blood glucose values -0 "Monkey #78 -H Monkey # 1064 O 1 2 3 4. 5 6 Hours after treatment Patent Application Publication Nov. 10, 2011 Sheet 6 of 15 US 2011/0275579 A1 FIGURE 6 % Reduction in plasma glucose over a 6 hour period following treament with 1 mg/kg GMP ARC61 for 7 days in the vervet monkey (average data) 1 2 3 4. 5 6 Hours after treatment Patent Application Publication Nov. 10, 2011 Sheet 7 of 15 US 2011/0275579 A1 FIGURE 7 2.5 mg/kg GMP ARC61: Blood glucose values -0 Monkey # 78 |- Monkey # 1083 -h-Monkey # 1084 O 1 2 3 4 5 6 Hours after treatment Patent Application Publication Nov. 10, 2011 Sheet 8 of 15 US 2011/0275579 A1 FIGURE 8 % Reduction in plasma glucose over a 6 hour period following treament with 2.5 mg/kg GMP ARC61 for 7 days in the vervet monkey (average data) 1 2 3 4. 5 6 Hours after treatment Patent Application Publication Nov. 10, 2011 Sheet 9 of 15 US 2011/0275579 A1 FIGURE 9 5 mg/kg GMP ARC61: Blood glucose values -0 Monkey #263 Monkey # 1079 ?h-Monkey # 1081 O 1 2 3 4. 5 6 Hours after treatment Patent Application Publication Nov. 10, 2011 Sheet 10 of 15 US 2011/0275579 A1 FIGURE 10 % Reduction of plasma glucose over a 6 hour period following treatment with 5 mg/kg GMP ARC61 for 7 days in the vervet monkey (average data) 1 2 3 4. 5 6 Hours after treatment Patent Application Publication Nov. 10, 2011 Sheet 11 of 15 US 2011/0275579 A1 FIGURE 11 25 mg/kg GMP ARC61: Blood glucose values 25 20 d E S 15 -0 Monkey # 119 S -H Monkey # 258 to 10 O O O O 1 2 3 4. 5 6 Hours after treatment Patent Application Publication Nov. 10, 2011 Sheet 12 of 15 US 2011/0275579 A1 FIGURE 12 % Reduction in plasma glucose over a 6 hour period following treatment with 25 mg/kg GMP ARC61 for 7 days in the vervet monkey (average data) 1 2 3 4. 5 6 Hours after treatment Patent Application Publication Nov. 10, 2011 Sheet 13 of 15 US 2011/0275579 A1 FIGURE 13 w w Non-fasting glucose w w w w w w w w w w 30 w S w w w S w w w w w w w 25 w w w w w w w w 8 2 O control S w |- GMP ARc61 w w w w OGTT (1g/kg glucose bolus) w w w GMP AR61 w w (50 mg/kg) w 5 w w w w w w w w S w w w O w w w w w w w w w w w w w -140 -18O O 5 O 5 20 30 SO 20 Time (minutes) Patent Application Publication Nov. 10, 2011 Sheet 14 of 15 US 2011/0275579 A1 FIGURE 14 OGTT on monkey #1081 with and without treatment with 5 mg/kg of GMP ARC61 12 (0. Untreated 6 H 5mg/kg GMP ARC61 O 8& O 30 60 90 120 180 Time (minutes) Patent Application Publication Nov. 10, 2011 Sheet 15 of 15 US 2011/0275579 A1 FIGURE 15 Dose response O s N. he 0.1 mg/kg - - - - - ed O0.3 mg/kg 4. ...--A - - - - - - - - - - a 2.5mg/kg1mg/kg 0.5mg/kg 25mg/kg Hours US 2011/0275579 A1 Nov. 10, 2011 ANT-DABETC EXTRACT OF ROOBOS more insulin and this leads to a higher demand on the already overworked f-cells which will result in B-cell exhaustion and FIELD OF THE INVENTION ultimately B-cell failure. 0005. There were an estimated 30M people with diabetes 0001. The present invention relates to a plant extract for in the world in 1985. By 1995 the number had increased to use as a hypoglycemic agent, i.e. for lowering blood glucose 135M. The latest World Health Organization (WHO) esti levels in mammals that are pre-diabetic or have type 2 diabe mate is that 300M people will have diabetes in 2025, an tes (T2D) or type 1 diabetes (T1D). increase of 122%. This is in agreement with the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) estimation, in 2025, of 333M BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION people with diabetes (6.3% prevalence), while 472M will be diagnosed with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT; 9% preva 0002. The non-communicable disease, diabetes mellitus, lence). There will be an estimated increase of 42% from 51 M can be divided into two major types, viz. type 1 diabetes to 72M, for the developed world (where there is an increase in (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). T1D is characterized by the incidence of overweight and obese individuals, increasing B-cell autoimmunity. In T2D, the pancreatic B-cells produce their risk for becoming diabetic) and an increase of 170% insufficient insulin, and the peripheral tissues (liver, muscle from 84M to 228M for developing countries (due to a myriad and adipose tissue) are “resistant to actions of insulin, i.e. of factors including dietary changes, increased physical activ glucose uptake is inefficient in these target tissues. The ity and rapid urbanization). Thus while diabetes was previ B-cells are also often destroyed in late stages of T2D making ously considered a western life style disease affecting people the patient dependant on insulin treatment. In diabetes in the developed countries, current trends suggest that by patients, approximately 5-10% are type 1 and 90-95% are 2025 over 75% of all people with diabetes will be in the type 2 diabetic. Major diabetic complications include retin developing world. Another contributing factor to the opathy, cerebrovascular disease, coronary heart disease, neu increased incidence of diabetes in the developing world is ropathy, peripheral vascular disease, ulceration and amputa developmental programming. In many parts of the develop tion. Thus diabetes affects several organs and tissues ing world, people are often exposed to a poor diet (undernu throughout the body. Factors that contribute to the develop trition) in utero followed by overnutrition postnatally which ment of diabetes include ethnicity (where certain population has been shown to predispose individuals to developing T2D. groups have an increased incidence of T2D, particularly if Furthermore, a total of 1.1 billion people are currently over they have migrated), obesity, a high fat diet, the intrauterine weight, and 320M people are obese (IDF). This emphasizes environment, insulin resistance and specific candidate genes. the huge global economic burden of obesity, and as obesity is 0003. The incidence of type 2 diabetes is increasing a major risk factor for developing diabetes, this may poten worldwide. Although genetic factors may play a role, life tially further exacerbate the already huge economic burden style changes Such as the adoption of a Western diet, high in associated with diabetes.
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