Motivacijski Vzgibi Za Odprto Inoviranje V Spletnih Skupnostih

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Motivacijski Vzgibi Za Odprto Inoviranje V Spletnih Skupnostih UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI EKONOMSKA FAKULTETA MAGISTRSKO DELO MOTIVACIJSKI VZGIBI ZA ODPRTO INOVIRANJE V SPLETNIH SKUPNOSTIH Ljubljana, junij 2020 MARIJA PRANJIĆ IZJAVA O AVTORSTVU Podpisana Marija Pranjić študentka Ekonomske fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani, avtorica predloženega dela z naslovom Motivacijski vzgibi za odprto inoviranje v spletnih skupnostih, pripravljenega v sodelovanju s svetovalcem red. prof. dr. Miha Škerlavaj IZJAVLJAM 1. da sem predloženo delo pripravila samostojno; 2. da je tiskana oblika predloženega dela istovetna njegovi elektronski obliki; 3. da je besedilo predloženega dela jezikovno korektno in tehnično pripravljeno v skladu z Navodili za izdelavo zaključnih nalog Ekonomske fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani, kar pomeni, da sem poskrbela, da so dela in mnenja drugih avtorjev oziroma avtoric, ki jih uporabljam oziroma navajam v besedilu, citirana oziroma povzeta v skladu z Navodili za izdelavo zaključnih nalog Ekonomske fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani; 4. da se zavedam, da je plagiatorstvo – predstavljanje tujih del (v pisni ali grafični obliki) kot mojih lastnih – kaznivo po Kazenskem zakoniku Republike Slovenije; 5. da se zavedam posledic, ki bi jih na osnovi predloženega dela dokazano plagiatorstvo lahko predstavljalo za moj status na Ekonomski fakulteti Univerze v Ljubljani v skladu z relevantnim pravilnikom; 6. da sem pridobila vsa potrebna dovoljenja za uporabo podatkov in avtorskih del v predloženem delu in jih v njem jasno označila; 7. da sem pri pripravi predloženega dela ravnala v skladu z etičnimi načeli in, kjer je to potrebno, za raziskavo pridobila soglasje etične komisije; 8. da soglašam, da se elektronska oblika predloženega dela uporabi za preverjanje podobnosti vsebine z drugimi deli s programsko opremo za preverjanje podobnosti vsebine, ki je povezana s študijskim informacijskim sistemom članice; 9. da na Univerzo v Ljubljani neodplačno, neizključno, prostorsko in časovno neomejeno prenašam pravico shranitve predloženega dela v elektronski obliki, pravico reproduciranja ter pravico dajanja predloženega dela na voljo javnosti na svetovnem spletu preko Repozitorija Univerze v Ljubljani; 10. da hkrati z objavo predloženega dela dovoljujem objavo svojih osebnih podatkov, ki so navedeni v njem in v tej izjavi. V Ljubljani, dne ___________________ Podpis študentke: ___________________ KAZALO UVOD ................................................................................................................................... 4 1 KONCEPT ODPRTEGA INOVIRANJA .................................................................. 6 1.1 Model odprtega inoviranja .................................................................................. 6 1.1.1 Razlogi za vpeljavo modela odprtega inoviranja v podjetju ......................... 10 1.1.2 Implementacija odprtega inoviranja .............................................................. 11 1.1.3 Ovire in motivi v odprtem inoviranju ............................................................ 13 1.2 Model zaprtega inoviranja ................................................................................. 14 1.3 Vzporedni načini odprtega inoviranja .............................................................. 17 1.3.1 Spletne skupnosti ........................................................................................... 18 1.3.2 Množično zunanje izvajanje .......................................................................... 20 1.3.3 Odprta koda ................................................................................................... 21 1.3.4 Spletni posredniki .......................................................................................... 21 1.4 Motivacija za sodelovanje v spletnih skupnostih ............................................. 22 1.4.1 Notranji in zunanji dejavniki motivacije ....................................................... 22 1.4.2 Motivacijska teorija samoodločanja .............................................................. 24 2 MODEL ODPRTEGA INOVIRANJA V SPLETNIH SKUPNOSTIH LJUBITELJEV LEGO KOCK – EMPIRIČNA RAZISKAVA .................................. 27 2.1 Organizacijska struktura ................................................................................... 30 2.2 Uvajanje odprtega inoviranja v podjetju LEGO ............................................. 31 2.3 Motivacijski mehanizmi v odprtem inoviranju v LEGO spletnih skupnosti 32 2.4 Portfelj odprtih inovacij ..................................................................................... 34 2.4.1 LEGO Mindstorms ........................................................................................ 34 2.4.2 LEGO Ideas ................................................................................................... 35 2.4.3 LEGO Architecture........................................................................................ 37 2.4.4 LEGO spletne skupnosti ................................................................................ 37 2.5 Raziskovalne hipoteze ......................................................................................... 38 2.6 Metodologija in izvedba raziskave .................................................................... 39 2.7 Predstavitev vprašalnika .................................................................................... 40 2.8 Opredelitev vzorca .............................................................................................. 41 3 REZULTATI .............................................................................................................. 43 4 DISKUSIJA ................................................................................................................ 46 i 4.1 Teoretični prispevki ............................................................................................ 50 4.2 Praktični prispevki ............................................................................................. 50 4.3 Omejitve raziskave ............................................................................................. 51 SKLEP ................................................................................................................................ 52 LITERATURA IN VIRI ................................................................................................... 54 PRILOGE ........................................................................................................................... 61 KAZALO TABEL Tabela 1: Primerjava med modeloma zaprtega in odprtega inoviranja ............................... 17 Tabela 2: Motivi za udeležbo in metode za povečevanje sodelovanja ................................ 18 Tabela 3: Klasifikacija motivatorjev ................................................................................... 24 Tabela 4: Indikatorji vprašalnika ......................................................................................... 41 KAZALO SLIK Slika 1: Model odprtega inoviranja ....................................................................................... 7 Slika 2: Potencialni viri odprtega inoviranja ......................................................................... 8 Slika 3: Stopnje kreativnosti znotraj modela odprtega inoviranja ......................................... 9 Slika 4: Prednosti vpeljave odprtega inoviranja .................................................................. 11 Slika 5: Model zaprtega inoviranja ...................................................................................... 15 Slika 6: Pravilo »90-9-1« o sodelovanju v spletnih skupnostih .......................................... 19 Slika 7: Model terorje samoodločanja ................................................................................. 26 Slika 8: Atomatic Binding Bricks ........................................................................................ 27 Slika 9: Prve LEGO kocke .................................................................................................. 28 Slika 10: Prve patentirane LEGO kocke ............................................................................. 28 Slika 11: Evolucija LEGO logotipa ..................................................................................... 29 Slika 12: Organizacijska struktura podjetja LEGO ............................................................. 31 Slika 13: Pridobljene značke na profilu ............................................................................... 33 Slika 14: Proces glasovanja za idejo.................................................................................... 36 Slika 15: Starostna struktura respondentov (n=125) ........................................................... 42 Slika 16: Geografska struktura respondentov (n=125) ........................................................ 42 Slika 17: Strinjanje s trditvijo: »Možnost pridobitve …«. .................................................. 44 Slika 18: Notranja in zunanja motivacija pri aktivnih uporabnikih..................................... 45 Slika 19: Integrirana regulacija ........................................................................................... 46 Slika 20: Identifikacijska regulacija .................................................................................... 47 Slika 21: Introjekcijska regulacija ....................................................................................... 47 Slika 22: Zunanja regulacija ...............................................................................................
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