Medical / Diagnostic Imaging

Radiological Imaging of the Kidney

von Emilio Quaia

1st Edition.

Springer 2010

Verlag C.H. Beck im Internet: www.beck.de ISBN 978 3 540 87596 3

schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei beck-shop.de DIE FACHBUCHHANDLUNG Contents

Part I Embryology and Anatomy

1 Embryology of the Kidney ...... 3 Marina Zweyer

2 Normal Radiological Anatomy and Anatomical Variants of the Kidney ...... 17 Emilio Quaia, Paola Martingano, Marco Cavallaro, and Roberta Zappetti

3 Normal Radiological Anatomy of the Retroperitoneum ...... 79 Emilio Quaia

Part II Imaging and Interventional Modalities

4 of the Kidney ...... 87 Emilio Quaia

5 Computed Tomography...... 129 5.1 General Concepts ...... 129 Emilio Quaia, Paola Martingano, and Marco Cavallaro 5.2 Multidetector CT Urography and CT Angiography ...... 160 Roberto Pozzi Mucelli, Giulia Zamboni, Livia Bernardin, and Alberto Contro

6 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Kidney ...... 179 Maria Assunta Cova, Marco Cavallaro, Paola Martingano, and Maja Ukmar

7 Renal Angiography and Vascular . . . . 197 Fabio Pozzi-Mucelli and Andrea Pellegrin

8 Nuclear ...... 229 Egesta Lopci and Stefano Fanti

xi xii Contents

9 The Role of Kidney in the Diagnosis of Renal Disease and Renal Masses ...... 257 Michele Carraro and Fulvio Stacul

10 Nonvascular Interventional Radiology Procedures ...... 271 Raul N. Uppot

Part III Non-Tumoral

11 Congenital and Development Disorders of the Kidney ...... 291 Veronica Donoghue

12 Renal Cystic Disease ...... 311 Kyongtae T. Bae, Alessandro Furlan, and Fadi M. El-Merhi

13 Renal Parenchymal and Inflammatory Diseases ...... 339 Emilio Quaia

14 Obstructive Uropathy, , and in Adults ...... 357 Emilio Quaia, Paola Martingano, and Marco Cavallaro

15 Nephrocalcinosis and Nephrolithiasis ...... 395 Siân Phillips and Gareth R. Tudor

16 Acute Renal Infections ...... 417 Alfredo Blandino, Silvio Mazziotti, Fabio Minutoli, Giorgio Ascenti, and Michele Gaeta

17 Chronic Renal Infections and Renal Fungal Infections ...... 445 Emilio Quaia, Leonardo Giarraputo, Paola Martingano, and Marco Cavallaro

18 Renal Vascular Abnormalities ...... 475 Therese M. Weber and Mark E. Lockhart

19 Imaging of Renal Trauma ...... 487 Stuart E. Mirvis

Part IV Tumoral Pathology

20 Benign Solid Renal Tumors ...... 509 Emilio Quaia

21 Renal Cell Carcinoma ...... 543 Nagaraj-Setty Holalkere, Daichi Hayashi, and Ali Guermazi

22 Rare and Secondary Tumors of the Kidney and Renal Pseudotumors ...... 573 Annelies Rappaport and Raymond H. Oyen Contents xiii

23 Radiofrequency Ablation and Cryoablation for Renal Cell Carcinoma ...... 595 Andrew Hines-Peralta and S. Nahum Goldberg

24 Upper Urinary Tract Tumors ...... 605 Emilio Quaia and Paola Martingano

25 Renal Lymphoma and Renal Sarcoma ...... 631 Annelies Rappaport and Raymond H. Oyen

26 Cystic Renal Masses ...... 645 Olivier Hélénon, J.M. Correas, S. Merran, E. Dekeyser, and A. Vieillefond

Part V Special Topics

27 The Pediatric Kidney ...... 675 Michael Riccabona

28 The Kidney in the Elderly ...... 715 Emilio Quaia and Marco Cavallaro

29 Renal Failure ...... 745 Emilio Quaia

30 Renal Transplantation ...... 763 Nicolas Grenier

31 Imaging of Dialysis ...... 793 Emilio Quaia and Salvatore Sammartano

32 Imaging of the Postoperative Kidney ...... 811 Emilio Quaia

33 Contrast Media-Induced Nephropathy and Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis ...... 831 Fulvio Stacul

34 Functional Imaging of the Kidney ...... 845 Nicolas Grenier

35 Molecular Imaging and Tumoural Antigen Targeting ...... 871 Cristina Nanni and Stefano Fanti

36 Research Perspectives and Future Trends in Renal Imaging . . . . 879 Nicolas Grenier

Index ...... 897