Progress on Active Analgesic Components and Mechanisms of Commonly Used Traditional Chinese Medicines: a Comprehensive Review
J Pharm Pharm Sci (www.cspsCanada.org) 21, 437 - 480, 2018 Progress on Active Analgesic Components and Mechanisms of Commonly Used Traditional Chinese Medicines: A Comprehensive Review Ruizhou Wang1, †, Lu Han1, †, QiXia Gao2, Dan Chen3, Yun Wang4, Xia Zhang1, Xin Yu1, Yueming Zhang1, Zhiyong Li2, Changcai Bai1 1.Key Laboratory of Hui Medicine Modernization, Ningxia Medical University Pharmacy College, Yinchuan, P. R. China; 2.College of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, P. R. China; 3.General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, P. R. China; 4.Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China academy of Chinese medical sciences, Beijing, P. R. China. Received, October 13, 2018; Revised, October 29, 2018; Accepted, November 16, 2018; Published, November 22, 2018. ABSTRACT - Many clinical diseases are accompanied by the symptoms of pain, and the degree of pain is closely related to the patients’ suffering. Therefore, effectively relieving pain has become one of the vital concerns of clinical treatment and analgesic drug research. Non-opioid drugs are mainly used for the clinical treatment of mild to moderate pain, whereas opioid drugs are mainly used for treating moderate to severe pain. However, opioid drugs easily elicit adverse reactions, such as gastrointestinal discomfort, addiction, dependence, and so on. Traditional Chinese medicine and its active ingredients have unique advantages in the treatment of pain for quite a long time, and many analgesic drugs directly or indirectly were isolatiedfrom Chinese medicine or natural products, such as Liu Suan Yan Hu Suo Yi Su Pian and aspirin. With the development and modernization of research on herbal medicine more and more studies have been conducted on the active ingredients and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine analgesics.
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