Insights Into Acinetobacter Baumannii Fatty Acid Synthesis 3-Oxoacyl-ACP
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Acinetobacter Baumannii Resistance: a Real Challenge for Clinicians
antibiotics Review Acinetobacter baumannii Resistance: A Real Challenge for Clinicians Rosalino Vázquez-López 1,* , Sandra Georgina Solano-Gálvez 2, Juan José Juárez Vignon-Whaley 1 , Jorge Andrés Abello Vaamonde 1 , Luis Andrés Padró Alonzo 1, Andrés Rivera Reséndiz 1, Mauricio Muleiro Álvarez 1, Eunice Nabil Vega López 3, Giorgio Franyuti-Kelly 3 , Diego Abelardo Álvarez-Hernández 1 , Valentina Moncaleano Guzmán 1, Jorge Ernesto Juárez Bañuelos 1, José Marcos Felix 4, Juan Antonio González Barrios 5 and Tomás Barrientos Fortes 6 1 Departamento de Microbiología del Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; [email protected] (J.J.J.V.-W.); [email protected] (J.A.A.V.); [email protected] (L.A.P.A.); [email protected] (A.R.R.); [email protected] (M.M.Á.); [email protected] (D.A.Á.-H.); [email protected] (V.M.G.); [email protected] (J.E.J.B.) 2 Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico; [email protected] 3 Medical IMPACT, Infectious Diseases Department, Mexico City 53900, Mexico; [email protected] (E.N.V.L.); [email protected] (G.F.-K.) 4 Coordinación Ciclos Clínicos Medicina, FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; [email protected] 5 Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Hospital Regional “1º de Octubre”, ISSSTE, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 1669, Lindavista, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de Mexico 07300, Mexico; [email protected] 6 Dirección Sistema Universitario de Salud de la Universidad Anáhuac México (SUSA), Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected]; Tel.: +52-56-270210 (ext. -
United States Patent Office Patented Apr
3,505,222 United States Patent Office Patented Apr. 7, 1970 1. 2 3,505,222 product of a mercaptain with sulfur trioxide. Their metal LUBRICANT COMPOSITIONS salts are represented by the formula: Leonard M. Niebylski, Birmingham, Mich, assignor to O Ethyl Corporation, New York, N.Y., a corporation of Virginia (R-S-S-0--M No Drawing. Filed Mar. 29, 1967, Ser. No. 626,701 5 s (I) Int. C. C10m 5/14, 3/18, 7/36 wherein R is a hydrocarbon radical containing from 1 U.S. C. 252-17 2 Claims to about 30 carbon atoms, M is a metal, and n is the valence of metal M. For example, when M is the monova 0. lent sodium ion, n is 1. ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE The radical R can be an alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, The extreme pressure wear properties of base lubri alkaryl, or aryl radical. The radicals may contain other cants including water, hydrocarbons, polyesters, silicones, nonhydrocarbon substituents such as chloro, bromo, iodo, polyethers and halocarbons is enhanced by the addition fluoro, nitro, hydroxyl, nitrile, isocyanate, carboxyl, car of a synergistic mixture of a thiosulfate compound and 15 bonyl, and the like. a lead compound. The useful metals are all those capable of forming Bunte salts. Preferred metals are those previously listed as suitable for forming metal thiosulfates. Of these, the Background more preferred metals are sodium and lead, and lead is 20 the most preferred metal in the Bunte salts. This invention relates to improved lubricant composi Examples of useful Bunte salts include: tions. -
Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter Threat Level Urgent
CARBAPENEM-RESISTANT ACINETOBACTER THREAT LEVEL URGENT 8,500 700 $281M Estimated cases Estimated Estimated attributable in hospitalized deaths in 2017 healthcare costs in 2017 patients in 2017 Acinetobacter bacteria can survive a long time on surfaces. Nearly all carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter infections happen in patients who recently received care in a healthcare facility. WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW CASES OVER TIME ■ Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter cause pneumonia Continued infection control and appropriate antibiotic use and wound, bloodstream, and urinary tract infections. are important to maintain decreases in carbapenem-resistant These infections tend to occur in patients in intensive Acinetobacter infections. care units. ■ Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter can carry mobile genetic elements that are easily shared between bacteria. Some can make a carbapenemase enzyme, which makes carbapenem antibiotics ineffective and rapidly spreads resistance that destroys these important drugs. ■ Some Acinetobacter are resistant to nearly all antibiotics and few new drugs are in development. CARBAPENEM-RESISTANT ACINETOBACTER A THREAT IN HEALTHCARE TREATMENT OVER TIME Acinetobacter is a challenging threat to hospitalized Treatment options for infections caused by carbapenem- patients because it frequently contaminates healthcare resistant Acinetobacter baumannii are extremely limited. facility surfaces and shared medical equipment. If not There are few new drugs in development. addressed through infection control measures, including rigorous -
Acinetobacter Baumannii Biofilm Formation
Structural basis for Acinetobacter baumannii biofilm formation Natalia Pakharukovaa, Minna Tuittilaa, Sari Paavilainena, Henri Malmia, Olena Parilovaa, Susann Tenebergb, Stefan D. Knightc, and Anton V. Zavialova,1 aDepartment of Chemistry, University of Turku, Joint Biotechnology Laboratory, Arcanum, 20500 Turku, Finland; bInstitute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Göteborg, Sweden; and cDepartment of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden Edited by Scott J. Hultgren, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, and approved April 11, 2018 (received for review January 19, 2018) Acinetobacter baumannii—a leading cause of nosocomial infec- donor sequence, this subunit is predicted to contain an additional tions—has a remarkable capacity to persist in hospital environ- domain (7). This implies that CsuE is located at the pilus tip. Since ments and medical devices due to its ability to form biofilms. many two-domain tip subunits in classical systems have been Biofilm formation is mediated by Csu pili, assembled via the “ar- shown to act as host cell binding adhesins (TDAs) (13–16), CsuE chaic” chaperone–usher pathway. The X-ray structure of the CsuC- could also play a role in bacterial attachment to biotic and abiotic CsuE chaperone–adhesin preassembly complex reveals the basis substrates. However, adhesion properties of Csu subunits are not for bacterial attachment to abiotic surfaces. CsuE exposes three known, and the mechanism of archaic pili-mediated biofilm for- hydrophobic finger-like loops at the tip of the pilus. Decreasing mation remains enigmatic. Here, we report the crystal structure of the hydrophobicity of these abolishes bacterial attachment, sug- the CsuE subunit complexed with the CsuC chaperone. -
University of California Riverside
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE Natamycin, a New Postharvest Biofungicide: Toxicity to Major Decay Fungi, Efficacy, and Optimized Usage Strategies A Dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Plant Pathology by Daniel Sungen Chen September 2020 Dissertation Committee: Dr. James E. Adaskaveg, Chairperson Dr. Michael E. Stanghellini Dr. Alexander I. Putman Copyright by Daniel Sungen Chen 2020 The Dissertation of Daniel Sungen Chen is approved: Committee Chairperson University of California, Riverside AKNOWLEDGEMENTS Foremost, I thank my mentor Dr. James E. Adaskaveg for accepting me into his research program and teaching me the intricacies of the field of postharvest plant pathology and preparing me for a bright career ahead. His knowledge of the field is unmatched. A special thanks goes out to Dr. Helga Förster, whose expertise and attention to detail has helped me out tremendously in my research and writings. I thank my dissertation committee members, Dr. Michael Stanghellini and Dr. Alexander Putman, for their time spent reviewing my dissertation and their guidance during the pursuit of my doctoral degree. Special thanks also go out to my lab members Dr. Rodger Belisle, Dr. Wei Hao, Dr. Kevin Nguyen, and Nathan Riley for their companionship and much appreciated help with my projects. I would also like to thank my former laboratory members, Dr. Stacey Swanson and Dr. Morgan Thai for their guidance and help during the early years of my graduate program. Thanks go out to Dr. Lingling Hou, Dr. Yong Luo, and Doug Cary for their assistance with performing experimental packingline studies at the Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center. -
High Prevalence of Carbapenemase-Producing Acinetobacter Baumannii in Wound Infections, Ghana, 2017/2018
microorganisms Communication High Prevalence of Carbapenemase-Producing Acinetobacter baumannii in Wound Infections, Ghana, 2017/2018 Mathieu Monnheimer 1 , Paul Cooper 2, Harold K. Amegbletor 2, Theresia Pellio 2, Uwe Groß 1, Yvonne Pfeifer 3,† and Marco H. Schulze 1,4,*,† 1 Institute for Medical Microbiology and Göttingen International Health Network, University Medical Center Göttingen, Kreuzbergring 57, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; [email protected] (M.M.); [email protected] (U.G.) 2 St. Martin de Porres Hospital, Post Office Box 06, Eikwe via Axim, Ghana; cpaulkofi@yahoo.co.uk (P.C.); [email protected] (H.K.A.); [email protected] (T.P.) 3 Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistance, Robert Koch Institute, Burgstrasse 37, 38855 Wernigerode, Germany; [email protected] 4 Institute of Infection Control and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-551-39-62286; Fax: +49-551-39-62093 † These authors contributed equally to this work. Abstract: Three years after a prospective study on wound infections in a rural hospital in Ghana revealed no emergence of carbapenem-resistant bacteria we initiated a new study to assess the prevalence of multidrug-resistant pathogens. Three hundred and one samples of patients with wound infections were analysed for the presence of resistant bacteria in the period August 2017 Citation: Monnheimer, M.; Cooper, till March 2018. Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter (A.) baumannii were further characterized by P.; Amegbletor, H.K.; Pellio, T.; Groß, resistance gene sequencing, PCR-based bacterial strain typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) U.; Pfeifer, Y.; Schulze, M.H. -
Updates in Ocular Antifungal Pharmacotherapy: Formulation and Clinical Perspectives
Current Fungal Infection Reports (2019) 13:45–58 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12281-019-00338-6 PHARMACOLOGY AND PHARMACODYNAMICS OF ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS (N BEYDA, SECTION EDITOR) Updates in Ocular Antifungal Pharmacotherapy: Formulation and Clinical Perspectives Ruchi Thakkar1,2 & Akash Patil1,2 & Tabish Mehraj1,2 & Narendar Dudhipala1,2 & Soumyajit Majumdar1,2 Published online: 2 May 2019 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019 Abstract Purpose of Review In this review, a compilation on the current antifungal pharmacotherapy is discussed, with emphases on the updates in the formulation and clinical approaches of the routinely used antifungal drugs in ocular therapy. Recent Findings Natamycin (Natacyn® eye drops) remains the only approved medication in the management of ocular fungal infections. This monotherapy shows therapeutic outcomes in superficial ocular fungal infections, but in case of deep-seated mycoses or endophthalmitis, successful therapeutic outcomes are infrequent, as a result of which alternative therapies are sought. In such cases, amphotericin B, azoles, and echinocandins are used off-label, either in combination with natamycin or with each other (frequently) or as standalone monotherapies, and have provided effective therapeutic outcomes. Summary In recent times, amphotericin B, azoles, and echinocandins have come to occupy an important niche in ocular antifungal pharmacotherapy, along with natamycin (still the preferred choice in most clinical cases), in the management of ocular fungal infections. -
Magnetic Graphene Oxide Modified by Chloride Imidazole Ionic Liquid For
RSC Advances View Article Online PAPER View Journal | View Issue Magnetic graphene oxide modified by chloride imidazole ionic liquid for the high-efficiency Cite this: RSC Adv.,2017,7,9079 adsorption of anionic dyes† Huan Wangab and Yinmao Wei*a Magnetic graphene oxide modified with 1-amine-3-methyl imidazole chloride ionic liquid (LI-MGO) was prepared through chemical co-precipitation and modified using 1-amine-3-imidazolium chloride ionic liquid. The as-prepared LI-MGO was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR). The adsorption properties were evaluated through adsorption experiments with two kinds of anionic dyes, orange IV (OIV) and glenn black R (GR) and two kinds of cationic dyes, acridine orange (AO) and crystal violet (CV). The results indicated that the adsorption data fitted the Langmuir isotherm and followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. The maximum adsorption capacities for GR, OIV, AO and CV were 588.24, 57.37, 132.80 and Received 29th November 2016 À1 Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. 69.44 mg g at 298 K, respectively. LI-MGO has better selective adsorption for anionic dyes than Accepted 17th January 2017 magnetic graphene oxide (MGO) due to electrostatic interactions. Moreover, the LI-MGO adsorbent can DOI: 10.1039/c6ra27530c be magnetic separated and is easy to prepare. It demonstrated that LI-MGO would have great potential rsc.li/rsc-advances as an efficient environmentally friendly adsorbent for the removal of anionic -
Synthesis of Photoreactive Imidazole Derivatives and Thermal Curing Reaction of Epoxy Resins Catalyzed by Photo-Generated Imidazole
Polymer Journal, Vol. 29, No. 5, pp 450-456 (1997) Synthesis of Photoreactive Imidazole Derivatives and Thermal Curing Reaction of Epoxy Resins Catalyzed by Photo-Generated Imidazole Tadatomi NrsHIKUBO,t Atsushi KAMEYAMA, and Yoshiyasu TOYA Department of' Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kanagawa University, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, 221 Japan (Received November 6, 1996) ABSTRACT: Photoreactive blocked imidazoles such as N-(2-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl)imidazole (2-NBCI), N-(3-nitro benzyloxycarbonyl)imidazole (3-NBCI), N-( 4-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl)imidazole (4- NBCI), N-( 4-chloro-2-nitro benzyloxy carbonyl )imidazole (CNBCI), N-(5-methyl-2-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl)imidazole (MNBCI), and N-(4,5-dimethoxy-2-ni trobenzyloxycarbonyl)imidazole (DNBCI) were synthesized in good yields by reactions of N,N'-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) with corresponding benzyl alcohols. The prepared 2-NBCI decomposed smoothly to produce imidazole by UV-irradiation in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution or poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) film. Rates of photolysis of DNBCI, MNBCI and CNBCI were higher than that of 2-NBCI in PMMA film, although the rates of 3-NBCI and 4-NBCI were slower than that of 2-NBCI in PMMA film under the same conditions. Thermal curing reactions of epoxy resins and poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) [P(GMA55-MMA45)] using photo-generated imidazole were examined at I00-160°C. The ring opening reaction of epoxide groups, confirmed by IR spectra, in epoxy resins and P(GMA55-MMA45) proceeded smoothly by catalysis of the photo-generated imidazole. KEY WORDS Synthesis of Blocked Imidazole /Photo-Generation/ Imidazole / Thermal Curing Reaction / Epoxy Resin/ Poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-methyl methac!ylate) / Epoxy resins are typical thermo-setting resins, and Tsunooka et al. -
Targeting the Burkholderia Cepacia Complex
viruses Review Advances in Phage Therapy: Targeting the Burkholderia cepacia Complex Philip Lauman and Jonathan J. Dennis * Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-780-492-2529 Abstract: The increasing prevalence and worldwide distribution of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens is an imminent danger to public health and threatens virtually all aspects of modern medicine. Particularly concerning, yet insufficiently addressed, are the members of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc), a group of at least twenty opportunistic, hospital-transmitted, and notoriously drug-resistant species, which infect and cause morbidity in patients who are immunocompromised and those afflicted with chronic illnesses, including cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). One potential solution to the antimicrobial resistance crisis is phage therapy—the use of phages for the treatment of bacterial infections. Although phage therapy has a long and somewhat checkered history, an impressive volume of modern research has been amassed in the past decades to show that when applied through specific, scientifically supported treatment strategies, phage therapy is highly efficacious and is a promising avenue against drug-resistant and difficult-to-treat pathogens, such as the Bcc. In this review, we discuss the clinical significance of the Bcc, the advantages of phage therapy, and the theoretical and clinical advancements made in phage therapy in general over the past decades, and apply these concepts specifically to the nascent, but growing and rapidly developing, field of Bcc phage therapy. Keywords: Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc); bacteria; pathogenesis; antibiotic resistance; bacterio- phages; phages; phage therapy; phage therapy treatment strategies; Bcc phage therapy Citation: Lauman, P.; Dennis, J.J. -
Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii Aharon Abbo,* Shiri Navon-Venezia,* Orly Hammer-Muntz,* Tami Krichali,* Yardena Siegman-Igra,* and Yehuda Carmeli*
RESEARCH Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Aharon Abbo,* Shiri Navon-Venezia,* Orly Hammer-Muntz,* Tami Krichali,* Yardena Siegman-Igra,* and Yehuda Carmeli* To understand the epidemiology of multidrug-resistant antimicrobial agents, contributes to the organism’s fitness (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii and define individual risk and enables it to spread in the hospital setting. factors for multidrug resistance, we used epidemiologic The nosocomial epidemiology of this organism is com- methods, performed organism typing by pulsed-field gel plex. Villegas and Hartstein reviewed Acinetobacter out- electrophoresis (PFGE), and conducted a matched case- breaks occurring from 1977 to 2000 and hypothesized that control retrospective study. We investigated 118 patients, on 27 wards in Israel, in whom MDR A. baumannii was iso- endemicity, increasing rate, and increasing or new resist- lated from clinical cultures. Each case-patient had a control ance to antimicrobial drugs in a collection of isolates sug- without MDR A. baumannii and was matched for hospital gest transmission. These authors suggested that length of stay, ward, and calendar time. The epidemiologic transmission should be confirmed by using a discriminato- investigation found small clusters of up to 6 patients each ry genotyping test (15). The importance of genotyping with no common identified source. Ten different PFGE tests is illustrated by outbreaks that were shown by classic clones were found, of which 2 dominated. The PFGE pat- epidemiologic methods and were thought to be caused by tern differed within temporospatial clusters, and antimicro- a single isolate transmitted between patients; however, bial drug susceptibility patterns varied within and between when molecular typing of the organisms was performed, a clones. -
19-09-2016-RRA-Acinetobacter Baumannii-Europe
RAPID RISK ASSESSMENT Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in healthcare settings 8 December 2016 Main conclusions and options for response Carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii poses a significant threat to patients and healthcare systems in all EU/EEA countries. A. baumannii is the cause of serious infections in healthcare settings, and carbapenem resistance limits treatment options and increases the risk for adverse outcomes for patients. The epidemiological situation in Europe has worsened in the past years, with a higher number of countries reporting interregional spread or endemicity of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii. A. baumannii is adapted to persistence in healthcare settings and is difficult to eradicate once it has become endemic. Increased efforts are therefore needed for the detection of cases and the control of outbreaks in order to prevent carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii from becoming endemic in further European regions and health facilities. Options for actions to reduce identified risks Clinical management Timely and appropriate laboratory investigation and reporting are essential to avoid delays in appropriate treatment, which are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Patients with carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii infections are likely to benefit from consultations with experts in infectious diseases or clinical microbiology to ensure the best possible outcome considering the limited treatment options. Prevention of transmission of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii in hospitals and other healthcare settings Good standard infection control, including environmental cleaning, adequate reprocessing of medical devices, adequate capacity of microbiological laboratories as well as sufficient capacity of healthcare facilities for contact isolation, are the basis for prevention of transmission of highly resistant bacteria, such as carbapenem-resistant A.